What are the differences between SDS, SDS Plus and SDS Max workouts? Hammer drills: main parameters Sds plus dimensions.
Power tools designed for making holes of different diameters and depths in various materials are divided into two types - impact drills and hammer drills. The fundamental difference between them is that the drill was originally designed for drilling holes with drills with a sharp edge, and the impact function is auxiliary.
For a hammer drill, the main mode is impact, and the replacement tool is a drill, the rotation of which ensures removal of the knocked-out material from the hole. Thanks to this, the hammer drill becomes almost indispensable when chiseling or drilling (drilling) superhard materials
REPLACEABLE EQUIPMENT ATTACHMENT SYSTEMS
The main feature of an electric hammer is its high impact energy and amplitude. Achieving this effect can be achieved through the use of an electromagnetic or pneumatic mechanism.
In the second case, the striker strikes due to the compression created by the reciprocating movement of the cylinder and piston.
In both cases, the reciprocating movement is performed not by the cartridge, as in an impact drill, but by the drill. For this reason, rotary hammers use a special system for fastening the working tool - SDS (Steck-Dreh-Sitzt with German language– “insert-turn-sits”).
The most common modifications are SDS-plus (for a shank with a diameter of 10 mm) and SDS-max (for a shank with a diameter of 18 mm). Bosh models can also use the SDS-top intermediate system (for a shank with a diameter of 14 mm).
SDS-plus rotary hammers can be three-mode (drilling with impact as the main mode, drilling without impact and impact without drilling) or two-mode (drilling with impact as the main mode and drilling without impact). During an impact, the shank of the working attachment “slides” in the chuck due to four special grooves.
Two oval grooves of a semicircular section (1) are used for fixation with locking balls (2), and two through trapezoidal sections (3) are intended for guide wedges (4). The shank is inserted into the chuck to a depth of 40 mm (5) and the contact area of the wedges transmitting rotation to the working tool is 75 mm 2 . The minimum length of drills with an SDS-plus shank is 110 mm and the maximum is 1000 mm. The diameter of the drill is usually from 4 to 15 mm (the most common diameters are 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm).
Lightweight rotary hammers have a weight of about 2–3 kg and a power of 600–800 W, and an impact energy of 1.5–3.0 J. The main purpose of such devices is to drill holes in concrete with a diameter of 4–16 mm and occasionally as a jackhammer.
SDS-top system cartridges used in middle-class rotary hammers and today are not as widespread as SDS-plus.
The shank is inserted into the chuck to a depth of 70 mm (5) and the contact area of the wedges transmitting rotation to the working tool is 212 mm 2. The diameter of the drill used is usually 16-25 mm. It differs from the SDS-plus system in the asymmetrical trapezoidal grooves (3).
The SDS-max chuck is equipped with tools related to heavy class rotary hammers . Such units weigh more than 5 kg and have a power of about 1000–1500 W with an impact energy of up to 33 J.
The main purpose of such devices is to drill holes with a diameter of 12–55 mm in reinforced concrete or hard natural stone (up to 160 mm when using a hollow bit) and operate in jackhammer mode.
Shank SDS-max the working attachment “slides” in the chuck due to five special grooves. Two oval grooves of a semicircular section (1) are used for fixation with locking segments (2), and three through trapezoidal sections (3) are intended for guide wedges (4).
The shank is inserted into the chuck to a depth of 90 mm (5) and the contact area of the wedges transmitting rotation to the working tool is 389 mm 2 . The diameter of the drill is usually more than 26 mm. SDS-max rotary hammers have only two operating modes: drilling with impact and impact without drilling.
The working tool is replaced by turning or pressing, depending on the design, a special ring located on the chuck body, which leads to the release of the locking balls and disengagement of the chuck from the shank. Installing a new drill is just as easy. In addition to drills, it is possible to use various types special attachments (bits, chisels, spatulas, tampers, mixers, etc.).
DESIGN FEATURES
For hammer drills that have a drilling mode without impact, adapters with an SDS shank are available, which allow the use of a jaw chuck for devices designed for drills. Moreover, due to the presence of play in the hammer drill chuck, which is necessary for the reciprocating movement of the drill, the attachment is subject to radial runout, which reduces drilling accuracy. For work where such a drawback is significant, models are produced with the SDS chuck itself replaced with a cam one, which is carried out without additional tools.
The hammer drill can have a horizontal or vertical electric motor. The first is standard and models of this type are more convenient to use. The second allows you to use the firing pin large sizes and protects tool parts from excessive vibration, which is why a similar arrangement is used in heavy professional models.
Considering that for drilling metal or wood a rotation speed of at least 2000 rpm is required, and for chiseling concrete - about 1000 rpm, manufacturers supply rotary hammers with a two-speed gearbox, which allows you to increase the number of revolutions in high gear, and lower in first gear for increasing torque.
The most common design today is a hammer drill with a pistol grip, which is especially effective when pressing in the axial direction. Another option is D shape handle, which is used in heavy-duty tools and allows you to direct the force along the center of the drill.
But its disadvantage is manifested in a strong forward shift of the center of gravity, which can be corrected by the use of a T-shaped handle, which allows you to hold the tool close to its center of gravity and increases maneuverability during work. Models have appeared with the engine located in a P-shaped handle, which reduces the size of the tool and allows you to direct the force exactly along the axis of the drill, thereby reducing the pressure applied on the hammer drill during operation.
When choosing a chuck for a hammer drill, the buyer must understand the design of such clamping device. This will allow you to immediately resolve questions about which tool in the kit can be used with a hammer drill and what types of processing can be performed using such equipment. In addition, knowledge of the structure of the hammer drill chuck allows you not only to independently replace the clamping device, but also to carry out its simple repairs, if the need arises.
How do chucks for hammer drills work?
To effectively use different hammer drill bits, you need to ensure that they are securely attached. A special cartridge is used for this. Its first models began to be developed back in the 30s of the last century, when rotary hammers appeared on the market, the mass production of which was mastered worldwide famous company Bosch.
This handheld device, as a hammer drill, was almost immediately appreciated by consumers, since it can be used to combine drilling with pulse chiselling, which significantly increases the efficiency of the processing performed. The main drawback of the first models of rotary hammers was precisely due to the fact that the weakest link in their design was the cartridge, which quickly became unusable under the influence of shock loads.
As a result of long-term development, manufacturers of hammer drills and chucks have come to the following conclusion: the simpler the design of the clamping device, the more reliable it is in operation.
As a result, three main types of cartridges for rotary hammers were created, which in turn are divided into subtypes.
Gear-crown (key)There are chucks in which the working attachment is fixed using a special key that activates cams that reliably clamp the shank of the tool being used. The most significant advantage of cartridges of this type is what they provide reliable fastening tool used in conjunction with a hammer drill. Meanwhile, to replace the working tool in such a chuck for a hammer drill, you will need to spend significantly more time than when using other types of clamping devices.
The working attachment of the hammer drill can also be fixed on it using a quick-release chuck (KLC), which is actuated only by force, created by hand operator. Depending on the design, cartridges of this type can be single- or double-clutch, the operating principles of which also differ.
Single-socket chucks are easier to use, but they can only be used in conjunction with drills that have the ability to automatically lock the working shaft. To activate such a cartridge, the effort of one hand is sufficient. To use a double clutch clamp, you need to hold the rear clutch with one hand and rotate the front clutch with the other.
What is SDS
SDS (SDS) is an acronym made up of the first letters of the words Steck, Dreh, Sitzt, which translated from German mean “insert, turn, secured.” It is on this simple, but at the same time ingenious principle that the SDS cartridge, developed by Bosch engineers in the 80s of the last century, works. Today, 90% of all manufactured rotary hammers are equipped with these easy-to-use devices, which ensure high reliability of fixing the working tool.
SDS chucks are often called quick-release chucks, but they should not be confused with devices in which clamping is achieved by rotating the couplings. Unlike traditional quick-release chucks, the SDS clamp does not need to be rotated to secure the tool; you just need to hold it with your hand.
To understand the design of a hammer drill chuck of this type, as well as the principle of its operation, just look at the tool shank, which is designed to be fixed in such a device, or the SDS adapter. This shank has 4 grooves, two of which are open at the end of the shank, and the other two are closed. Open grooves act as guides; they ensure the correct position of the tool when it enters the chuck. The closed grooves, in turn, ensure the fixation of the shank in the hammer drill chuck.
In the inner part of the SDS cartridge there are special balls that perform two functions simultaneously. At the moment when the tool is just inserted into the hammer drill, the balls along which the guide grooves move ensure its correct position. After the tool is inserted all the way, such balls fix it, for which it is necessary to turn it a little until the balls enter the closed grooves of the shank. To make using the SDS chuck even easier, it is recommended that the tool shank not only be thoroughly cleaned after each use, but also lubricated.
It should be borne in mind that due to the design features of SDS chucks, the tool that is fixed in them is subject to slight radial runout at idle, which does not in any way affect the accuracy of the processing performed. Meanwhile, the presence of a small play between the shank and the inner surface of the chuck protects the latter from the impact to which drills are exposed during the operation of the hammer drill.
Types and scope of application of SDS cartridges
Depending on the diameter of the shank with which the tool or adapter is equipped for fixing it on the hammer drill, SDS chucks are divided into five main types: regular SDS chucks, models of the SDS-top, SDS-quick categories, as well as SDS-plus and SDS-chucks. max. The most popular are the SDS-plus category chucks, which are designed to hold tools with a shank diameter of 10 mm. The shank of the tool, adapted for fixing devices of the SDS-plus category, enters them to a depth of 40 mm. In this case, the diameter of the working part of the tool, which is fixed in SDS-plus chucks, can be in the range of 4–26 mm.
Maximum length tool that can be clamped in SDS-plus category chucks is 1 meter, and its most common working diameters are in the range of 6–12 mm. Devices designed to hold SDS-plus shanks and corresponding adapters for rotary hammers in them are used to equip light and medium category equipment, the weight of which, excluding the weight of the tool, ranges from 3 to 5 kg. It is precisely these hammer drills, which are designed for impact loads of up to 5 J, that are most popular among home craftsmen and small repair teams.
SDS-max chucks, with a bore diameter of 18 mm, are used to equip heavy professional rotary hammers, whose weight starts from 5 kg. Such hammer drills, which can be used in conjunction with tools with a working diameter of up to 6 mm, are able to create an impact load of up to 30 J. To ensure accurate and reliable fixation of the tool in such serious equipment, an additional guide groove is provided on shanks of the SDS-max category .
SDS-top and SDS-quick chucks are intermediate options for equipping rotary hammers and are used much less frequently than the models described above. Meanwhile, the design of SDS-quick devices, which were developed by Bosch engineers in 2008, is worth a closer look. The tool is inserted into the SDS-quick series chucks not using grooves, but through protrusions on the shank. The design features of SDS-quick chucks allow them to hold tools with a hexagonal shank and a quarter-inch size.
How to disassemble and assemble a cartridge yourself
To perform Maintenance and repairing a hammer drill chuck with your own hands, it is important to properly remove and disassemble this device. Knowing how to disassemble a hammer drill chuck (or how to disassemble a drill chuck), you can independently inspect, clean, and even minor repairs its internal elements, which will allow you to always maintain your instrument in technically sound condition. The simple design of SDS cartridges allows them to be removed and disassembled even by people who are not comfortable with technology.
So, disassembling the classic SDS hammer drill chuck is performed in the following sequence.Step one
The plastic part is removed from the cartridge and the rubber seal is removed.
Using a screwdriver, remove the retaining ring and then the retaining washer.
When the locking washer is removed, you can see a second ring underneath it, which also needs to be removed using a screwdriver.
After all the rings and washers have been removed, you can begin to disassemble the SDS mechanism, which consists of a washer, a ball and a spring. First of all, it is necessary to remove the ball from such a mechanism, then the washer and only then the spring.
The need for a hammer drill when performing various types of household repair work cannot be explained. But even with an excellent tool from well-known industrial manufacturers, it is difficult to perform the work efficiently and accurately if the replacement drill is incorrectly selected for it - the cutting part of the hammer drill, designed for making holes in solid solid media (concrete and reinforced concrete, brick, stone). There are several aspects of the drill design that you should definitely pay attention to when purchasing.
Drill tail
The shank is a wear-resistant part of the drill, made of high-strength hardened steel, inserted into the hammer drill chuck. It is the shape of the shank that primarily distinguishes the drill from a similar twist drill. The professional eye of a master will determine without error whether the drill is suitable for a particular type of hammer drill, and construction beginners will be helped to understand this by the accepted marking of SDS shanks (Special Direct System - “special control system” developed by by Bosch):
- drill sds plus– the most common type of shank with a diameter of 10 mm, the length of the part inserted into the hammer drill chuck is 40 mm. There are four for installation open groove, receiving torque. Such drills, having a diameter of 4 - 26 mm, are used on light construction professional and household hammer drills.
- drill sds max– the second most common type of shank used for drills large diameter(over 26 mm) used in heavy and powerful rotary hammers, such as electric jackhammers. The diameter of such a shank is 18 mm, the length of the part inserted into the chuck is 90 mm.
- sds top- a somewhat intermediate and less common type of shank with a diameter of 14 mm and a length of 70 mm, having two open and two closed grooves for installation in a hammer drill chuck. Typically used on drills with a diameter of 16 - 26 mm.
- sds quick– a unique hexagonal type of shank created in 2008 with keys instead of grooves and a holder into which drills and screwdriver bits can be inserted. Applicable only to Bosch Uneo/Uneo Maxx rotary hammers.
Working part of the drill
The working part of the drill that directly performs the drilling process is made of a metal alloy, and labor productivity and the safety of human use of the hammer depend on its condition. The working part may have different shape and is classified by purpose as follows:
- auger drill – great option for making deep holes of various diameters. Its spiral design and high torque allow it to effectively remove dust and sludge during operation, thereby reducing the load on the tool and reducing the time it takes to complete one hole.
- drill with a small angle of inclination of the working grooves– for working with extremely little effort (for example, in Makita rotary hammers). Its purpose is the process of drilling a significant number of shallow holes.
- drill with a large angle of inclination of the working grooves, providing high drilling speed and productivity of the process itself. The load created on the hammer drill is higher than when using auger drills. Optimal for drilling single holes of great depth.
Drills with one or more spiral grooves, as well as grooves of specially designed shapes, ensure the stability of the drill, its balanced central placement during drilling, reducing vibration, and, consequently, the load on the hammer drill and the productivity of the work performed.
Carbide part of the drill and its sharpening
The brazing, which is the cutting part of the drill and affects the speed of work and the quality of the resulting holes, is made of hard alloy and can have different quantity working edges. The life of the drill is entirely limited by the degree of wear of the soldering tip. Manufacturers are constantly improving materials and methods for sharpening the drill head, trying to maximize productivity while minimizing power costs for drilling. According to the sharpening configuration of the carbide part, drills can be divided into two main groups:
- Classic sharpening – carbide insert has crosswise straight cutting flat front and rear edges. A brazed tip with such sharpening can have one or two cutting edges, which reduce runout during processing, improve the quality of the hole, but also affect the price of the drill.
- Centering head– a more advanced version of the classic sharpening. Special geometry, different for different manufacturers, prevents the drill inside the hole from moving away from the axis initial position and forms a smooth, “not broken” hole.
It should be noted that the cutting edges do not always have a linear shape; a wavy geometry with a centering tenon and outer cutting ridges is another way to reduce the load on the hammer by removing hard material in layers. There are also self-sharpening bits with the correct sharpening angle, which are necessary in aggressive drilling conditions - for example, abrasive rocks - the drill wears out without dulling the extremely wear-resistant cutting edge.
Classification of drill bits for rotary hammers by size
The size of the drill is one of the main characteristics of the product with which a purchase in a store begins, and is directly related to its purpose: drilling holes of the required diameter and depth. The drill size traditionally consists of two defining parameters, selected to solve specific problems:
- total length. The maximum length of the drill together with the shank offered in stores is 1000 mm, the minimum is 100 mm. The physics of drilling does not allow the use of a longer drill: it is almost impossible to work with a longer tool. The length of the drill is closely related to its diameter: both of these parameters must be technically balanced and ensure reliability and safety of drilling.
- Outside diameter. As mentioned above, the diameter depends on the length and, additionally, on the type of shank - for example, the maximum diameter of an sds max drill is 50 mm and no more. The diameter value is always an even number, and the marking of fasteners follows the same principle.
Here are the main points regarding the sizes of drill bits for rotary hammers. For carrying out household repair work It is recommended to take advantage of a comprehensive solution by purchasing a set of drills for rotary hammers. Standard diameters offered are 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and sometimes 16 mm.
A hammer drill is, of course, a very convenient thing, and the best tool for drilling holes in brick and concrete walls have not yet been invented. However, along with high technological characteristics, it also has a fairly high price. Therefore, when possessing this construction jewel, you should remember about its proper operation, which will extend its useful life for many years:
- You should not apply excessive force - the pressure should be enough to just start the impact process.
- Do not neglect the lubricant for the drill shank - this will improve the perception of torque, and, therefore, the speed and force of drilling. And in general, lubricant will extend the life of the drill and the hammer drill itself.
Borax value in complex design it is difficult to overestimate the hammer drill: it is from his the right choice and use depends on the quality of the work performed by the master.
In addition to the drill, there are also replaceable attachments for hammer drills:
- chisel(a shovel for a hammer drill), with which you can break off a piece of an uneven wall or knock off a tile - in a word, level out existing unevenness and errors for repair;
- wide diameter for drilling in concrete, masonry and natural stone.
1. Concept
Equipment for rotary hammers is designed for processing hard materials (concrete, brick, natural or artificial stone) by impact, rotation, impact with rotation.
Rotation refers to the rotational movement of the equipment. It is used for drilling, impact drilling, hammer drilling, and core drilling technology.
By impact we mean the axial movement (reciprocating movement) of the equipment. Impact is used for impact drilling, hammer drilling and chiselling.
Equipment for rotary hammers can be classified by the type of shank and by the method of impact on the material being processed (drilling, including impact - drills and crowns; impact - chisels).
2. Types of shanks
The equipment for the hammer drill has a special shank, with the help of which the equipment is secured in the device for fastening the equipment of the hammer drill and which transmits the impact force to working part rigging. The separation of the tool clamping device and the force transmission device allows the tool to be attached to the power tool without the use of additional tools (for example, a socket wrench for the chuck).
The most widespread are rotary hammers with chucks with the ability to quickly change tools using the SDS system developed by Bosch.
The literal translation from English (Special Direct System - special direct system) gives a general, but far from complete answer to this question. The German definition is much simpler and clearer - “INSERT-TURN-SIT” (Steck-Dreh-Sitzt). In Russian technical literature, SDS is accepted as a system for quickly changing equipment without the help of any devices.
In total, Bosch has developed 5 types of shank: SDS, SDS-plus, SDS-top, SDS-max, SDS-quick. However, two standards are most widespread and popular: SDS-plus - for light rotary hammers and SDS-max - for heavy ones, as they are the most popular in the construction market.
A shank with two grooves with a diameter of 10 mm, which is inserted 40 mm into the hammer drill chuck. This shank is 100% compatible with the SDS-plus shank.
SDS-plus
Today, almost 90% of rotary hammers are equipped with the SDS-plus system, developed by Bosch in 1975 based on the SDS system by adding two grooves. Already in 1998, more than 10 million hammer drills of this standard were sold.
The SDS-plus shank is a 10mm diameter shank that fits 40mm into the hammer drill chuck. The shank has four grooves (two open for guide wedges and two closed for fixation with locking balls). The contact area of the wedges is 75 mm2.
Drills with such a shank are used on light construction hammer drills; the minimum length of drills with such a shank is about 110 mm and the maximum is 1000 mm. The diameter of the drill is usually from 4 to 26 mm (the most common diameters are 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm).
To release the equipment, press or turn (depending on the design) a special ring on the chuck, which allows you to quickly and efficiently replace the equipment when using hammer drills.
SDS-max
The standard was introduced by Bosch in Cologne in 1989 and began production in 1990.
The SDS-max system is designed for use with heavy hammer drills. The operating principle is similar to the SDS-plus system. Only the diameters of the shanks and the number of grooves on them differ.
Designed for large diameter drills (usually more than 20 mm) used in heavy hammer drills. The diameter of the shank is 18 mm, the contact area of the wedges is 389 mm2, there are three open and two closed grooves, the shank is inserted at 90 mm.
SDS-top
Introduced by Bosch in 1999 to solve the problem of failure of SDS-plus shanks when drilling holes over 16 mm.
This less common type of shank for medium-sized hammer drills is a reinforced version of the SDS-plus shank. The drill shanks of this standard have two closed and two open grooves. The diameter of the shank is 14 mm, it is inserted into the chuck at 70 mm, the contact area of the wedges is 212 mm2. The diameter of the drill is usually from 16 to 25 mm.
To work with SDS-top drills, four-kilogram class hammer drills with a replaceable cartridge are used (the SDS-plus cartridge is replaced by an SDS-top cartridge).
SDS-quick
This type of drill shanks was introduced in 2008 by Bosch, in which protrusions are used instead of grooves. This shank holder can also accommodate bits and drills with a 1/4" hex shank.
At the beginning of 2010, it was used only for the Bosch Uneo rotary hammer.
SDS-hex
SDS-hex is a hex clamp and is only used on very high impact hammers.
3. Types of drills
A hammer drill is the main type of hammer drill equipment designed for drilling holes in hard materials (concrete, brick, natural or artificial stone).
In its design, the drill is similar to a drill - it also has a shank and a spiral for removing waste from the drilling zone (there are options for the location of the dust removal channel inside the drill). However, hammer drills are more durable due to the higher energy required per hammer impact, and are usually made from higher quality materials.
In addition, the spiral flutes of the drill do not have a cutting edge, but serve to remove small particles from the hole being drilled.
The cutting part of the drill can have a different number of cutting edges and different sharpening. For better strength, the cutting edge is made slightly rounded, and not sharp, like a drill. Drilling of the drill is accompanied by short blows with high frequency. Therefore, drills are not used to drill into fragile materials. They are mainly used when working with concrete.
An important factor The shape of the cutting surface influences the performance of a rotary hammer drill.
If it is “conservative”, i.e. a straight surface or with a slight protrusion - this creates additional stress on the hammer drill, on the operator’s hands and the drill will become dull faster.
To date the best option is a drill with a centering spike, and in general the shape of the cutting edges is good, which has the property of self-sharpening.
The shape of the drill head directly affects the degree of delamination in concrete or brick; accordingly, with a centering spike it will create a hole in which the dowel will “sit” more firmly. It is easier to work with such drills, since they stay more evenly in the channel and do not tend to jump to the side.
The number of working edges on a drill varies from two to four. For work with reinforced concrete drills with one solid solder and two auxiliary plates are used.
In addition to classification by the number of cutting edges, drills can be divided into subgroups based on the structure of the slag removal spiral.
The type of cutting determines how effective the removal of sludge from the hole will be.
If the angle of inclination of the grooves is small, the drill is intended primarily for long-term work with low feed rates. The drilling speed is reduced, but the load on the hammer drill when using such an attachment is minimal.
As the angle of inclination of the grooves increases, productivity increases, along with the load on the tool. You should take breaks to allow the hammer to cool down. Another disadvantage of this equipment is that it reduces the strength of the drill body
Spiral drills
Spiral drills are used for drilling deep holes when dismantling thick walls.
Auger drills
Also designed for drilling deep holes. He is distinguished by his design features, thanks to which slag removal occurs very quickly. The big advantage of the screw type is that it does not require sharpening.
Auger drills are the most effective for drilling deep holes.
Flat drills
Such drills are used for drilling a large number of holes of small depth. The downside is poor cutting removal during drilling, and extra effort is required when working with them. But if we compare them with spiral ones, then their resource is much higher.
Breakthrough (opening) drills
Breakthrough drill SDS-max for making openings (drill-opening) are intended for drilling holes large diameters: 45 to 80 mm in concrete, masonry and sand-lime brick, ideal for laying cables and pipelines. The drilling head of the drill hole has a special bell-shaped shape with asymmetrically located shanks and a central cutting edge made of carbide. The large feed helix and long tapered shank ensure efficient operation, while the centering drill ensures precise drilling.
Hole-through drills have a very short flute and therefore are less likely to jam when drilling deep through holes. Reduced friction in the drilled hole means the job can be completed faster. Since removal of drilling dust is difficult due to the short flute, this drill, as its name suggests, is specifically designed for making through holes rather than blind holes. Standard drill diameters range from 45 to 80 mm with depths from 500 to 850 mm.
The unique design of the cutter head provides it with significant advantages over conventional tools!
– precise marking;
– rapid advancement in the material due to chisel-shaped hard alloy plates;
– additional teeth are used to drill the entire hole; there is no need to gouge out the contents after drilling;
– uniform removal of crumbs thanks to wide spiral turns;
– long term services;
– low weight and low vibration;
– monolithic design transfers impact energy without loss;
- a smooth, round hole.
Suitable for rotary hammers weighing over 5 kg with SDS-max connector.
In drills with dust removal through a hollow shank, drilling dust is removed from the cutting edge area using external system dust removal and additional suction head. Dust extraction drills are not equipped with a flute and the SDS-plus range includes drills with diameters from 8 to 24 mm.
Chisels open the structure of the stone using impact and then destroy the stone using wedging action. The shape and quality of work largely depend on the user's handling of the tool. A distinction needs to be made between mortising chisels, which are used to break holes, chipping chisels, which are used to finish the edges of a part, and demolition chisels, which are used to break up masonry parts of a building. There are chisels for almost every application. Different types of chisels are characterized by their typical application, shape and design. This explains the many different types and variations of chisels. In addition to chisels, there are also tools shock action for special purposes such as tamping plates and splitting tools.
A. Pointed chisel. Pointed chisels are recommended for use in hard materials such as concrete. Here, all impact energy is concentrated at one point and creates the highest material removal performance using wedging action. In this case, sharpening means chipping, breaking, or breaking off.
B. Flat chisel. Flat chisels are primarily used for softer types of stone such as brick, soft sand-lime brick and so on. Thanks to the presence of a cutting edge on the chisel, the impact energy is more effectively distributed in these materials. This chisel is also used for “contouring,” that is, marking the stone material that will be removed.
C. Spade chisel. Wide flat chisels are used to break out and loosen soil, screed and asphalt, or to knock plaster off walls or masonry. The wide cross-cutting edge with a length of 50 to 110 mm enables highly efficient chiselling and chipping in lightweight building materials such as pumice blocks, hollow bricks or plaster. Spade chisel of appropriate width depending on hardness mortar Can also be used to remove tiles.
D. Semicircular (channel) chisels. These types of half-round chisels are used to cut grooves or slots for gas, water and electrical lines in a variety of materials (exceptions: granite and marble). Half-round chisels with straight blades are best used for softer building materials. The slight bend makes it easier for the top of the half-round chisel to maintain a consistent cutting depth.
E. Cement chisel. This type of chisel is designed to remove mortar from the joints between bricks.
F. Serrated chisel. Serrated chisels are used in the same way as flat chisels. Their advantage is a wide cutting edge with a peaked chisel effect. The sharp tips penetrate the building material individually and provide good material removal performance. This technique is recommended for cleaning joints, knocking down tiles, floor tiles and stone slabs followed by cleaning or rough surface treatment.
G. Spade chisels. Spade chisels are used to loosen and penetrate soil, earth and clay.
H. Tamping plates. Tamper plates are used for small compaction jobs (sand, gravel, rammed concrete or heavy soils). The tamper plate is secured using a conical tooling fixture. The maximum possible compaction depth is achieved using a small tamping plate.
I. Impact plate. Impact plates are used to roughen or level concrete, artificial or natural stone. The surface structure depends on the number of teeth and the duration of processing, as well as on the strength of individual impact influences. The fender plate is secured using a conical tool holder. Since a small layer is removed stone surface, breaker plates can be used on hard sublayers to remove layers of paint containing rubber.
J. Splitting Tools. Splitting tools are used to separate massive stones after appropriate holes have been drilled into them with a hammer drill.
K. Tile chisel. This chisel is designed for removing tiles (with an ergonomically offset transverse cutting edge).
L. Chisel with a sharp end. This chisel is designed for removing mortar from masonry joints, removing intact bricks from walls, knocking down tiles, removing plaster (with tungsten carbide teeth).
M. Flat chisel. This chisel is designed for universal carpentry work, fast wood removal soft rocks, for example, old window frames.
5. Crowns
Designed for drilling large diameter holes. If the drill forms a channel in the concrete, completely gouging out the “rock,” then the crown operates on the principle of circular drilling. It is buried in the wall, leaving a core inside, which is removed separately. It is in this way that nests for socket boxes are most often prepared. The crown destroys the material with carbide teeth, while precise immersion is ensured by a centering drill.
The bits are available both for SDS-Plus rotary hammers (you can drill holes with a diameter of 25 to 110 mm), and in the version with an SDS-Max shank, with a diameter of 45-150 mm. Please note that contact with reinforcement is contraindicated for crowns - the equipment may be left without teeth.
Externally, they represent a hollow cylinder with carbide teeth, mounted on a rod with an SDS-Plus or SDS-Max shank. The pointed tip of the rod protrudes slightly above the cutting edge of the crown, positioning the equipment correctly. Crowns are needed to make relatively large holes(up to 150 mm). Most often this is through drilling of walls for pipes.
The operation of a drill bit is as follows: the segments on the drill bits create an annular gap with a diameter equal to the diameter of the drill bit, due to the effect of pressure and feed force, the annular gap is ground deep in the material. In porous materials, the generated heat is removed by pumping out air (dust); in the case of solid materials, by supplying water for cooling and washing. Basically, a distinction needs to be made between drill bits for dry drilling and drill bits for wet drilling. Since dry drilling is mainly used for drilling relatively soft materials (masonry), the segment sizes of dry drill bits are different from the segment sizes of wet drill bits, which are used for harder materials (concrete).
6. Drill adapters
Universal hammer drills, capable of both drilling and chiselling, are often equipped with a conventional drill chuck - a key-clamped chuck or a keyless chuck. They can be put on through an adapter with an SDS shank, but in this case the chuck runout will increase and the size of the tool will increase, which will certainly interfere with accurate and productive work.
There is another option, in which the barrel has a different design - its tip is adapted to the drill chuck. In this case, remove the SDS-plus chuck and install, for example, a quick-release chuck. In this case, the transfer of shock to the cartridge is excluded.
7. Operating instructions
Before installing the working tool, you should make sure that the tool is in good working order, make sure that there are no chips or cracks on it, and check that there are no breaks in the rubber boot.
Any noticeable deformation of the drill shank or hammer head makes it unsuitable for use. Using such equipment can lead to jamming in the SDS chuck, which will lead to the replacement of the hammer drill spindle.
Before installing the equipment, it is necessary to clean the rubber boot of the cartridge from dust. After this, you need to apply a specialized lubricant to the splines of the equipment and insert it into the hammer drill chuck.
Lubricant for the drill will extend the life of both the hammer drill chuck and the drill itself.
You need to press until you hear a click. Pull the drill towards you; if it does not come out, the installation was successful. To replace the drill, you need to press the chuck ring along the axis towards the tool and remove the drill.
During operation, the drill heats up; change equipment only with gloves to avoid burns.
To increase the service life and prevent accelerated wear, the tool, like the equipment, must always be kept clean, removing excess lubricant and dust adhering to it, and also apply new lubricant.
When working with drills with a length of more than 460 mm, preliminary drilling with a drill of the same diameter with a length of about 150 mm is mandatory. If the drill is 600-1000 mm long, then it is advisable to carry out drilling in 3 stages.
The non-impact drilling mode must be used under certain technical conditions. When operating only in rotation mode, the hammer drill must be switched to rotation mode with impact and rotated at idle speed to distribute the lubricant inside the tool.
Shanks are those parts of drills or drills that are clamped in the chucks of drills, machine tools or hammer drills.
- Shanks are:
- tetrahedral;
- cylindrical;
- hexagonal (hexagonal, hex-shanks);
- triangular; conical, incl. Morse taper;
- SDS shanks, of which there are 5 varieties:
- SDS-top;
- SDS-quick;
- SDS-plus;
- SDS-max.
What is the difference between, for example, SDS-plus type shanks and SDS-max type.
SDS-plus
This type of shank is the most common. Their diameter is usually 10 mm. 40 mm shanks are inserted into hammer drill chucks. They have 4 grooves (2 open, intended for guide wedges and 2 closed, the purpose of which is to be fixed with locking balls). The wedges have a contact area of 75 mm². Such shanks mainly have drill bits, which are used in lightweight construction hammer drills. The most common are drills with diameters of 6, 8, 10 and 12 mm.
Shanks SDS-max
This type of shank is in 2nd place in terms of prevalence. Unlike SDS-plus shanks, they are usually found in drills with a diameter of more than 20 mm, which are used in heavy hammer drills. The diameter of SDS-max shanks is 18 mm. And they have 5 grooves (of which 3 are open and 2 are closed), the wedges have a contact area of 389 〖mm〗^2, and the shanks are inserted into the hammer drill chuck by 90 mm.
conclusions
The difference between the considered SDS Plus and SDS Max drills lies in the diameters of their shanks, and they also have different numbers and sizes of recesses that transmit torque and ensure the fixation of the bits in the hammer drill chucks.
Also, SDS Plus drills move freely along their own axis with a given amplitude in hammer drill chucks by approximately 1 cm, and for SDS Max drills this free movement distance can reach from 2 to 5 cm.