Roof and roofing. Classification of roofs: design, types, shapes, elements
The variety of roofs misleads the average person who is inexperienced in construction.
When considering roof options, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for a future structure and which one is appropriate to build in a particular case.
In addition, you want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all requirements. The variety of designs allows architectural designers to turn all the most unpredictable projects into reality.
Exist different kinds roofs of private houses, we’ll talk about them now.
A pitched roof is a plane rectangular shape, based on opposite load-bearing walls.
There is a pitched roof:
- Ventilated;
- unventilated.
Design Features
Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is influenced not only by the finishing coating, but by the peculiarity of climatic conditions, then all these values should be calculated correctly.
An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.
Slope angle
Directly depends on the coating material: coatings differ in their ability to retain snow precipitation.
It is recommended to select materials for covering a pitched roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.
In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the angle of the slope.
Options for a pitched roof truss system
WITH tropic roof structure with one slope can be:
- Sliding;
- layered;
- hanging.
Most often performed from wooden elements for various purposes.
Rafter system of a pitched roof
Installation features
The installation of a single-pitched rafter structure is carried out on the Mauerlat.
If the frame is being installed hanging type, then first a truss is made on the ground. The entire structure is manufactured according to a given template.
The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, install the elements necessary for a warm roof.
The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.
Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof
Despite the ease of installation, uncomplicated design, single slope system has its own characteristics.
Advantages:
- Inexpensive design;
- ease of installation;
- resistance to strong winds.
Repair work during operation at pitched roof It’s not difficult to produce and not too expensive.
Flaws:
- The need for snow removal;
- low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.
Shed roof
Gable roof
The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.
Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:
- symmetrical;
- asymmetrical;
- broken;
- multi-level;
- gable with a ridge on the slope.
Additionally, other configurations of the two can be designed pitched roofs: broken from one slope, double broken, with extended canopies or extensions.
Design options
Particular attention is paid to the load.
Besides, the angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.
Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load) the roof will be reliable and durable.
Tilt angle
The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.
With different slopes for various materials corresponds certain . All materials have their own indicators.
Rafter system
It can have a layered, hanging, or combined design.
The rafter structure option is selected based on the span between external walls . In addition to the rafter beams, the structural elements of the rafter system are: ridge, Mauerlat, crossbar, tie rods, and other elements.
Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.
Gable roof rafter system
Installation
When installing a gable roof basic steps need to be followed:
- Install beams;
- secure the sheathing;
- install roofing.
If the rafter legs are lengthened, additional slats are installed under the overhang.
Advantages and disadvantages
The gable roof is the most common roofing model.
This is due to the advantage of this design:
- Possibility of arranging an attic;
- there is no need to clear the snow from the surface yourself;
- simple project;
- variety of coatings.
Flaws:
- Dependence of roof height on span;
- when arranging an attic room, additional reinforcement of the structure and the installation of window systems and heating elements are required.
A gable roof is not the best complex design, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.
Gable roof
Hip roof
It is a four-slope structure. The slopes consist of triangles and trapezoids.
A modified design of the hip system is called half-hip. There are Dutch and Danish half-hip designs.
Design Features
The project has quite painstaking calculations, since the design itself is not simple.
Particular attention should be paid to the points:
- calculate each slope separately;
- correctly calculate the length of the rafters and ridge;
- take into account the area of windows and chimneys;
- calculate the load correctly.
ATTENTION!
For frame and ridge beam one material should be used. This feature must be taken into account in the project.
Project costs should include additional elements and additional details for roofing.
Slope angle
The slope angle is affected by wind and snow. Design of this type can be arranged at an angle from 5° to 60°. The dependence on natural indicators is directly proportional.
You should remember about the features of laying roofing: the recommended performance of each coating directly depends on the angle of the slope.
In addition to the main rafter legs, it consists of elements: a mauerlat, a ridge, slanted legs, and other important parts that provide strength and participate in the distribution of the load.
Hip roof rafter system
Installation features
Includes sequence of fastening elements:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- racks;
- mowed legs. Next, other elements are installed in order, including the sheathing.
Advantages and disadvantages
Hip structures, in addition to their presentable appearance and structural strength has a number of advantages:
- the slope of the ribs reduces the wind load;
- Due to the design feature, the area increases, which has a positive effect on heat transfer.
The disadvantages of a hip roof are its complexity and cost..
Hip roof
Mansard (broken) roof
This is a type of construction in which the slopes are refracted with a change in the slope angle of the slope.
An attic sloping roof can have from two to four slopes.
It can be layered or hanging.
The schematic structure of the attic can be in the form:
- Square;
- rectangle;
- a combined figure combining a triangle and a square.
The most common type of broken structure is a gable roof.
Design options
At should be guided by the requirements, which are provided during installation:
- The roof height should be designed at least 2.2 m;
- choose materials that are lighter in weight;
- take into account struts and tightening due to the length of the rafters.
A sloping roof provides for the arrangement of an attic, so it is advisable to use high-quality materials for insulation and ensuring air exchange for the roof.
Tilt angle
When calculating the slope angle, it is necessary to start from the height of the attic.
- Influence of atmospheric influences;
- type of roofing.
The best option for a sloping roof with an attic is a project in which the upper slopes are located at an angle of 30°, and the lower ones at an angle of 60°.
Rafter system
IN attic structures the frame is equipped with elements:
- Mauerlat;
- beams;
- frame racks;
- runs. These and other elements create a solid foundation for arranging the attic.
Mansard roof rafter system
Installation
When installing the rafter base, one part of the frame is first made, starting with the racks and layered rafters, and then, like it, all the rest.
After installing all the elements, they are fastened with purlins.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of a sloping roof is the arrangement of additional premises.
Among the disadvantages of a sloping roof is its cost. Since this requires a lot of materials for insulation, installing special windows is not a cheap pleasure.
But the costs of arranging an attic cannot exceed the construction of an additional extension or increasing the area of the house.
Mansard roof
Flat roof
A structure that is a plane lying on the load-bearing walls of a structure. This system does not have an attic.
Can be exploited or unexploited.
Besides, Depending on the characteristics of the coating, flat systems can be divided into:
- inversion;
- green;
- breathable.
They all have their own characteristics.
Design Features
At the stage design you should correctly calculate the load of the snow cover, as well as all materials used, and take into account the drainage system.
Slope angle
The roof must have the necessary. Its angle is up to 5°. This feature contributes to high-quality drainage.
Rafter location options
The flat roof frame includes the following elements:
- Mauerlat;
- support bars;
- plywood or OSB flooring.
Flat roof rafter system
Installation
It is important to organize the arrangement of drains. Attention should be paid to the system being used: it is important to choose the right type of flooring and the right layers to ensure a favorable microclimate.
Advantages and disadvantages
Positively characterize flat roof price, low labor costs, and the possibility of arranging additional recreation areas is a productive distribution of space.
The disadvantages are: accumulation of snow, inability to determine the condition roofing pie, the need to equip an internal water drainage system.
Flat roof
Hip roof
It is a system of triangular slopes connected at one vertex.
According to the characteristics of the frame structure, hip roofs can be layered or hanging. Besides, tent structures There are also other types.
Design options
Main directions of design tent system are:
- Calculation of slope angle;
- choice of roofing;
- calculation of the height of the ridge connection.
An important step is calculating the load on the truss structure. If insulation is assumed, the load of the layers of the cake is calculated.
Tilt angle
The slope of the slopes directly depends on the type of roofing and climatic conditions. Reducing the slope should be done when strong winds prevail at the building site.
Rafter system
The elements of the rafter system of a hip roof are:
- Mauerlat;
- floor beams;
- mowing boards;
puffs; - props.
These and other elements together provide the strength and stability of the frame.
Rafter system hip roof
Installation features
Installation of a tent system involves arranging a rafter system and laying an insulation system for the roof.
The rafter system should be erected before installing the ceiling of the building.
Installation of the rafter system begins with the installation of the Mauerlat or strapping. Next, the system is built step by step, starting with rafter boards, installing racks and other elements, ending with trusses and struts.
Advantages and disadvantages
The attractiveness of a hip roof makes you forget about its shortcomings. The disadvantages are the small area for the attic and the complexity of installation. The advantage is the aerodynamic properties and strength of the system.
Hip roof
Multi-gable roof
The complex structure of a multi-gable roof consists of many parts, projections, and elements. Perhaps one of the most complex designs.
They are determined by a combination of certain types of roofs collected together. Roof corners can be pointed or hipped.
Design options
A difficult task for project development, especially if the roofing elements have different configuration. In this case, each element should be calculated separately.
Particular attention should be paid to the rafter system.
- Use lightweight materials;
- do not skimp on waterproofing;
- take care of quality parallel bars for rafters.
The complexity of the project lies in planning the arrangement of window systems.
The structure itself is the covering of the attic of the house, so it is quite durable, practically not subject to atmospheric influence.
Rafter location
The stage of constructing a multi-tongue system is the most difficult stage. Each part must be installed separately. For rafters you should choose only high-quality wood.
The basic part of the structure is the Mauerlat. The remaining structural elements are attached to it: rafter legs, reinforcing beams and supports.
Multi-gable roof rafter system
Installation features
In addition to the complexity of installing the roof frame, the multi-gable system has a weak spot, which should be properly protected from moisture: This is the angle of connection of the slopes.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantage of a multi-gable roof is originality and attractiveness. But you have to pay in full for such beauty: equipping such a system is an expensive pleasure.
Multi-gable roof
Conical roof
The conical roof structure has the shape of a cone. This is a rather rare type of roofing, since such systems are installed on round-shaped houses.
Cone-shaped roofs can be full or incomplete.
Design options
Most often, conical shapes serve as decoration.. They do not carry a functional load. You need to know the diameter of the base of the cone and the length of the slope. When calculating the area of the cone, the amount of materials needed is determined.
Slope angle
The slope angle of a cone-shaped roof is calculated using the tangent formula. In this case, it is necessary to know the height of the cone and the length of the rafter leg.
Rafter system
The conical roof frame system is a hanging fan type. Additional elements are used: beams, braces, sheathing, additional beams.
Conical roof rafter system
Installation
Installation is carried out by laying the rafter legs in the form of a fan. They rest on purlins, as well as a ring element at the top. The base is the Mauerlat. Next, the base is assembled in a certain way with the help of additional elements.
CAREFULLY!
Boards as sheathing are not suitable for the cone type. In this case, flexible types of PVC pipes are installed.
Advantages and disadvantages
Resistance to any weather conditions is one of the advantages of a conical roof. Increased strength and originality are the undoubted advantages of this type of roofing.
The complexity of installation, high consumption of materials, and the inability to install an attic due to the lack of windows make it possible to install such systems only to decorate the roof.
Conical roof
Which roof is better
The roof design, first of all, must correspond to the architecture of the building.
The choice of roofing is determined according to factors:
- Financial opportunity;
- climate features;
- individual preferences;
- the need for an attic.
Before deciding on a home protection option, you should consider different options.
Roof options
Useful video
In this video you will learn what types of roofs there are:
The roof design and choice of roofing material are determined at the project stage and depend on the design of the building facade and roofing technology. The choice of the type of roof, materials for its installation, its design, slope depends on climatic conditions, operation, architectural requirements, and the degree of capital of the building.
Roof - the upper enclosing structure of the building, which performs load-bearing, waterproofing and, with no-attic (combined) roofs and warm attics, heat-insulating functions.
Roof - the upper element of the roof (covering), which protects buildings from all types of atmospheric influences.
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The roof of a building consists of the following elements: inclined planes called slopes (1), the basis of which are rafters (2) and sheathing (3). The lower ends of the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat (4). The intersection of the slopes forms inclined (12) and horizontal ribs. The horizontal ribs are called the ridge (5). The intersection of slopes, forming incoming corners, creates valleys and grooves (6). The edges of the roof above the walls of the building are called eaves overhangs (7) (located horizontally, protruding beyond the contour of the outer walls) or gable overhangs (11) (located obliquely). Water flows down the slopes to the wall gutters (8) and is discharged through water inlet funnels (9) into drainpipes(10) and further into the storm drain. |
1) Cornice strip; 2) Sheathing board; 3) Falling counter-lattice beam; 4) Waterproofing film; 5) Rafter leg; 6) Horse; 7) Sheets of metal tiles; 8) Ridge seal; 9) Ridge cap; 10) Wind bar; 11) Drain pipe; 12) Pipe holder; 13) Drainage gutter; 14) Gutter holder; 15) Snow barrier; 16) Upper valley; 17) Lower endova; 18) Wall profile. |
Roof classification
Depending on the slope of the roof slopes, there are pitched (more than 10%) and flat (up to 2.5%). In individual housing construction As a rule, pitched and flat-sloped roofs are used. IN flat roofs Stagnation of water may form on the roof and, as a result, leaks may appear in these places. The advantage of flat roofs is the ability to use them for various purposes. According to the design, roofs can be attic (separate) or without attic (combined). Attic roofs can be insulated or cold. In atticless (combined) roofs, load-bearing elements serve as the ceiling of the upper floor of the building. Demon attic roofs There are ventilated, partially ventilated and non-ventilated. Depending on operating conditions, roofs can be used or not. The type of roof is mainly determined by its geometric shape and roofing material. Depending on the shape, roofs can be single-slope, gable, three-, four-slope, multi-slope (Fig. 2).
Shed roof (Fig. 2, a) with its plane (slope) rests on load-bearing walls having different heights. This roof is most suitable for the construction of outbuildings.
Gable roof
(Fig. 2, b, c) consists of two slope planes resting on load-bearing walls of the same height. The space between the slopes, which has a triangular shape, is called gables or gables. A type of gable roof is the attic.
If the roof consists of four triangular slopes converging at one upper point, then it is called tent
(Fig. 2, d).
A roof formed by two trapezoidal slopes and two triangular end slopes is called hip hipped (Fig. 2, e). There are also gable hip ones ( half-hip ), when the pediments are cut off (Fig. 2, f).
Gable roof of an industrial building with a longitudinal lantern (Fig. 2, g) differs from the gable roof of a residential building in the smaller slope of the slopes and greater width and length.
Vaulted roof (Fig. 2, h) in cross section can be outlined by a circular arc or other geometric curve.
Folded roof (Fig. 2, i) is formed from the connection of individual trapezoidal elements - folds.
Domed roof (Fig. 2, j) in outline it is half a ball with continuous support on a cylindrical wall.
Multi-gable roof (Fig. 2, m) is formed from the connection of the slopes of the planes. It is used on houses with a complex polygonal plan shape. Such roofs have a larger number of valleys ( internal corner) and ribs (protruding corners that form the intersections of roof slopes), which requires high qualifications when performing roofing work.
Cross vault consists of four closed arched vaults (Fig. 2, l).
Spherical shell (Fig. 2, o) in outline it is a vault resting at several points on the base. The space between the supports is usually used to install translucent lanterns.
Spire roof (Fig. 2, n) consists of several steep slope triangles connecting at the apex.
Sloping roof (Fig. 2, p) consists of several flat planes resting on load-bearing walls standing at different levels.
Flat roof (Fig. 2, p) rests on load-bearing walls of the same height. Flat roofs are most widely used in both civil and industrial construction. Unlike pitched roofs, flat roofs do not use piece or sheet materials as roofing materials. Here, materials are needed that allow the construction of a continuous carpet (bitumen, bitumen-polymer and polymer materials, as well as mastics). This carpet must be elastic enough to withstand temperature and mechanical deformations of the roof base. The thermal insulation surface, load-bearing slabs, and screeds are used as the base.
IN individual construction, as a rule, the roofs shown in Fig. 2, a, b, c, d, e, f. The intersections of the roof slopes form dihedral angles. If they are facing downwards, they are called gutters, or valleys, if upwards, then ribs. The upper edge, located horizontally, is called the ridge, and the lower part of the slope is called the overhang.
To remove rain and melt water, external drainpipes are installed, through which the water is discharged to a certain place and through drainage ditches leaves the site into street ditches. The magnitude of the slope and the durability of the roof depend on the roofing material, as well as on climatic conditions (table).
Pitched attic roofs must be operated under conditions of good condition of the roof, load-bearing roof structures, normal temperature and humidity conditions in attic spaces and timely repair of the coating.
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I - attic; II - attic floor; III - supporting structure; IV - roof; 1 - constant loads (own weight); 2 - temporary loads (snow, operational loads); 3 - wind (pressure); 4 - wind (suction); 5 - influence of temperatures environment; 6 - atmospheric moisture (precipitation, air humidity); 7 - chemically aggressive substances contained in the air; 8 - solar radiation; 9 - moisture contained in the air of the attic space. |
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| Slopes of pitched roofs and their durability | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1 - frame crossbar (beams, trusses); 2 - load-bearing element of the coating; 3 - vapor barrier; 4 - insulation; 5 - screed; 6 - roof; 7 - protective layer. |
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a - d - for pitched roofs; d, f - for gable roofs; g - rafter arrangement plan; 1 - rafter leg; 2 - stand; 3 - strut; 4 - rafter beam; 5 - crossbar; 6 - spacer; 7 - upper run; 8 - lying down; 9 - diagonal leg; 10 - short rafter leg. |
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a - truss spans of 6 m or more; b - the same, 12 m; 1 - crossbar; 2 - sleeper; 3 - strut; 4 - block; 5 - beams; 6 - tightening; 7 - grandmother; 8 - strut. |
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1 - tightening; 2 - pendant, or headstock; 3 - rafter leg; 4 - suspended attic floor; 5 - strut; 6 - emergency bolt; 7 - nails; 8 - roof covering; 9 - two pads; 10 - bolts; 11 - bolt dowels. |
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a, b - unventilated; c - ventilated; 1 - protective layer; 2 - rolled carpet; 3 - screed; 4 - thermal insulation; 5 - vapor barrier; 6 - ventilated channel; 7 - supporting structure; 8 - finishing layer. |
Roof construction
Attic pitched roofs. A pitched attic roof consists of load-bearing structures and a roof. Between such a roof and the attic floor there is an attic used to accommodate ventilation ducts(boxes), pipeline connections, etc. With significant slopes, attic spaces are often used for built-in rooms. The height of the attic in the lowest places, for example at the external walls, must be at least 0.4 m to allow periodic inspection of the structures. In winter, heat and moisture penetrate into the attic through the attic ceilings from the rooms on the upper floor. The warmer the attic and the more thermally conductive the roofing material, the more condensation (frost) will form. As the outside temperature rises, condensate melts, causing rotting of wooden structures and corrosion metal elements. Moisture in the attic can also occur as a result of leakage humid air from stairwells, in connection with which the density of the vestibule of doors and hatches leading to the attic becomes important. A very important and effective measure against moisture in the attic space is its ventilation. For this they arrange ventilation holes under the eaves (supply openings) and in the ridge (exhaust openings), as well as dormer windows. The load-bearing part consists of rafters, trusses, purlins, panels and other elements. The load-bearing structures of pitched roofs can be made of reinforced concrete, steel, wood in the form of rafters, building trusses and large panels. The choice of roof structure depends on the size of the spans to be covered, the slope of the roof, as well as the requirements for durability, fire resistance and thermal properties (Fig. 3).
The most widespread are layered and hanging rafters.
Layered rafters (Fig. 4) consist of rafter legs, struts and racks. They rest with the lower ends of the rafter legs on the rafter beams - mauerlats, and with the upper ends on a horizontal beam called the upper ridge girder. The role of the mauerlats is to create convenient support for the lower ends of the rafters. The upper purlin is supported by posts mounted on internal supports. The distance between the posts supporting the ridge girders is taken to be 3 - 5 m.
To increase the longitudinal rigidity of rafter structures, longitudinal struts are installed at each rack. If the building has two rows of internal supports in the form of longitudinal main walls or pillars, columns and other elements, then two longitudinal purlins are laid. Layered rafters are used in buildings with intermediate supports and spans up to 16 m in size.
Recently, prefabricated wooden layered rafters, pre-fabricated at the factory, have become widespread. A set of such rafters consists of individual structural elements and has an abbreviated name - rafter board, rafter truss. It is possible to construct such a structure of layered rafters made of prefabricated reinforced concrete. Rafter trusses are used to construct roofs for buildings of considerable width that do not have internal supports. The construction truss consists of two rafter legs connected by a tightening, which perceive the horizontal component of the forces transmitted to the support (thrust). For truss spans of 6 m or more, a crossbar is inserted, and for a span of up to 12 m, a headstock and struts are installed, increasing rigidity and reducing the deflection of the rafter legs (Fig. 5).
Rafter trusses for low-rise civil and rural construction are made from beams and boards. Sometimes the elements that absorb tensile forces in the lower chord or racks are made of steel. Such trusses are called metal-wood trusses. For hipped or more complex roof shapes, diagonal slanted rafter legs are introduced, forming triangular-shaped slopes in plan, the so-called hips.
Layered rafters are made of beams, boards and logs (see Fig. 4). The pitch of the rafters is taken depending on the material from which they are made, the type of roof and the cross-section of the sheathing elements. When making rafters from beams 180 - 200 mm thick, they are placed every 1.5 - 2 m, and from plates and boards - every 1 - 1.5 m. In buildings of considerable width, when the length of the rafter legs reaches 8 m, it is necessary to arrange intermediate supports on internal walls. Beams are laid along these walls, racks and struts are installed on them, and then a purlin is installed on which the rafter legs rest.
At the intersection of roof slopes, layered rafters are made from diagonal and short rafter legs (see Fig. 4, g). To protect the roof from being blown away by the wind, part of the rafter legs is tied to crutches driven into the outer walls with twisted wire. All rafter connections are secured with nails, bolts, and staples. Reinforced concrete layer systems consist of reinforced concrete panels, supported at the top on a reinforced concrete ridge girder, and at the bottom on the outer walls of the building. Ridge run supported by pillars installed every 4 - 6 m. Large reinforced concrete panels are used for single-pitched and gable roofs. Shed roofs are installed on ribbed panels measuring 6.4x1.2 m, laid with a slope of 5%, gable roofs - with a slope of 7 - 8%.
Currently, complex multicomponent binders can be used to make reinforced concrete foundations. Before laying the roof, a cement or asphalt screed is laid on the panels. In the absence of intermediate supports in small spans of buildings up to 12 m, hanging rafters are used (Fig. 6). They are made from the same materials as layered rafters, i.e. from beams, boards and logs. Hanging rafters consist of rafter legs and tie rods. The upper ends of the rafter legs are connected with a slotted tenon, and the lower ends are cut into the tie with a frontal notch and secured with bolts.
Roofless roofs. Attic roofs are divided into unventilated, partially ventilated and ventilated with outside air. Unventilated roofs are used in cases where the accumulation of moisture in the coating during operation is excluded. Such coatings can be made with thermal insulation combined with the supporting structure. The main elements of a combined roof are decking, insulation, vapor barrier and roofing (Fig. 7).
The flooring is made of large-sized reinforced concrete slabs of various types. A vapor barrier layer in the form of one or two layers of roofing material or glassine on mastic is provided to protect thermal insulation from moisture by water vapor penetrating from the interior. Slab and bulk heat-insulating materials are used as insulation. A leveling layer (screed) is made on top of the thermal insulation. cement mortar. The roof is built along the screed. It is made from rolled roofing materials in several layers. Glue them on cold or hot mastic. To protect the waterproofing carpet from damage, a protective layer is made in the form of fills of sand or fine-grained gravel embedded in the top layer of mastic, or a layer of roofing material.
Unventilated roofs mounted from solid or multi-layer panels. Such panels, manufactured in a factory, are sealed with a sticker on the upper surface of the waterproofing carpet, and on the bottom and along the contour of the panel - by applying a layer of paint vapor barrier. Partially ventilated roofs have pores or channels in the panel material located in the upper thickness of the panel. Ventilated roofs have continuous layers of air that dry the roof in winter and protect it from overheating sun rays in summer. Height air gap 200 - 240 mm. Combined roof design consists of several layers of materials (see Fig. 7):
- a load-bearing element, for example, a reinforced concrete slab, which is finished from below to match the ceiling of the upper floor;
- vapor barrier from one or two layers of roofing felt on mastic;
- insulation - cellular concrete slabs or backfill made of expanded clay, slag and similar highly porous materials;
- roofing made of rolled material, made of roofing felt, roofing felt, etc.;
- a protective layer made of fine gravel or sifted slag embedded in the bitumen paint layer.
For an unventilated roof, a cement screed is installed over the insulation. If the roof is unventilated, the insulation screed is made of cement mortar. The roof fencing consists of posts and struts and has the appearance of a vertical steel lattice. The racks and struts have bends at the bottom - legs, with which they rest on the roof. The fences are fastened with wood grouse, driven into the roof sheathing through holes in the legs of the posts and struts. Parapets are arranged in the form of a continuous stone wall with holes at the locations of drainpipes.
Regulatory requirements for modern roofs are contained in a large number of documents, and some of these documents are already morally outdated, but, nevertheless, have not been canceled. Design should be carried out taking into account the instructions and limitations of current standards:
- SNiP 2.08.01-89, 1995 “Residential buildings”;
- SNiP 2.08.02-89 “Public buildings and structures”;
- SNiP 2.09.04-87 “Administrative and domestic buildings”;
- SNiP 31-03-2001 " Industrial buildings» instead of SNiP 2.09.02-85*
- Put into effect on January 1, 2002 by Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated March 19, 2001 N20;
- SNiP II-26-76 “Roofs” ( new edition this SNiP was developed in 1999, but has not yet been introduced);
- SNiP II-3-79*, 1996 "Construction heating engineering";
- SNiP 3.04.01-87 “Insulating and finishing coatings”;
- SNiP 21-01-97 “Fire safety of buildings and structures.”
In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to a solid frame structure, an appropriate coating is required - durable, airtight, and aesthetically pleasing. Using the wrong roofing material can end in disaster – from financial losses caused by continuous repairs, up to serious accidents that occurred, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material is easy to install - there is less risk of errors. There are different types of roofing materials, and they all have characteristic features, knowledge of which will help you make the right choice in each specific case.
An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple designs, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use Various types sheet roofing, which allows roofing as soon as possible. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.
Metal tiles are a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coating ranges from 4.2 – 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or in modules (modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and the sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile is on average 6 square meters. roofs. The service life of metal tiles is 30-50 years.
Metal tiles are used in various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofing roofs with an angle of inclination from 9 – 12°. The sheets are attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The pitch between the sheathing elements is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.
Pros and cons of this type of roofing:
- advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with a small mass, a wide range of colors, low price;
- flaws - a large number of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.
Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, for covering industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated sheets of various profiles (trapezoid, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to production technology, this material, with proper installation, can last up to 50 years.
Corrugated sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on long roofs. The sheet is attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10° or more. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.
The relatively low price and ease of installation have made it in demand in the most various fields construction. Among the positive and negative properties material should be mentioned:
- advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
- disadvantages - poor thermal insulation, questionable aesthetics of the finished roof.
Corrugated sheets, like other roofing materials from sheet metal, characterized by high noise, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.
Ondulin
To produce ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, purified bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors temperature resistant paint. The material is used as a coating for residential buildings, single- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length – 2000 mm, width – 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as the ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.
Ondulin sheets are attached to the sheathing with special nails. Installation on roofs with an angle of 6° is possible, the pitch of the sheathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.
For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:
- advantages - resistant to corrosion, maintenance-free, safe for health and the environment, has good sound insulation;
- disadvantages - low level of fire safety, relatively short service life (up to 25 years).
Slate
Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. Today, both flat and corrugated slate are on sale, as well as a painted version. Wavy slate comes in six, seven and eight waves. Quite heavy construction material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, it can, depending on the thickness, weigh up to 25 kg.
The slate is mounted on a sheathing made of timber with a cross-section from 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof inclination angle is less than 22°, then the sheathing must be reinforced. The slate is secured with special roofing nails.
Pros and cons of slate:
- advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
- disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.
Taking this into account, slate can only be used for outbuildings.
This roofing material is made from galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, coated with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have either a completely flat surface or a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimizes the effect of deformation that sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.
The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements were connected. The edges running from the eaves to the ridge are connected with a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are connected with a rebated seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the cornice to the ridge. The panels are secured to the sheathing using special fasteners (clamps).
Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:
- advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
- Disadvantages - difficulty of installation, noise.
Picking up roofing materials and when analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind strength, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy types of roofing materials for the roof rather than lightweight metal coverings.
Soft roofing and its varieties
There are several types of soft roofing on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number of architectural elements.
Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen
Bituminous shingles, often also called shingles, flexible tiles, etc., are similar in structure to classic roofing felt. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a strong base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bitumen mass and covered with stone chips. Advantage bitumen shingles is the possibility of its installation on roofs of any configuration.
Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12° or more. If we are talking about the upper limit, then the roof can be very steep, up to vertical planes. Flexible tiles are attached to a continuous sheathing made of plywood or OSB boards. A brief description of:
- advantages - resistance to the negative influence of weather conditions, various types of deformation, easy installation, does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
- disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, it heats up quickly under the scorching sun, quite a high price.
Roll fused roofing
It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a supporting base is placed, then a layer of polymer and a mineral coating on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as a base. The main area of application of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction and buildings for utility purposes. Optimal inclination slope for one layer 9 – 22°, for two layers 3 – 15°.
Roofing strips are fused onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a torch. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. High-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.
This is perhaps the most a budget option roofing - all types of bitumen-based rolled roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:
- advantages – good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
- disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.
This product is a type of new generation roll materials. PVC, TIP and EPDM membranes are produced. The nominal thickness of the product is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm and 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof membrane layer has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.
Sealing is carried out by welding with hot air, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof inclination angle is more than 10°, then the membrane is secured mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:
- advantages – resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
- disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.
Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete
Using self-leveling roofing, they create a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating. To cover flat roofs, bitumen-rubber or polyurethane (polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use on construction.
Condition for fulfillment good coverage is the appropriate preparation of the base. It must be durable, with a uniform structure; before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs you can do without reinforcement. If the angle of inclination is more than 2°, then in order to avoid drainage of the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, polyamide, polyester or polypropylene mesh). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the service life of the roof. In addition to its advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:
- advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
- Disadvantages - increased requirements for the foundation.
Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to their undeniable individual advantages, are not without some disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be used.
When looking at any house, the first thing that catches your eye is roofing covering. And this is not surprising, because the spectacular appearance of the roof largely determines general perception modern cottage. However, first of all it must be reliable and durable.
We have prepared an article from which you will learn:
- How to choose the right roof and not make a mistake during its further operation;
- Why is it necessary when choosing A complex approach;
- What types of roofing are there?
- How to reduce costs when installing roofing without compromising its strength;
- Why is it sometimes more profitable to buy more expensive material rather than try to save money?
Roofing for the roof: how to choose
You have decided to build a house and are thinking about choosing a roof. In this case, you should remember that whatever material you choose, it must first of all meet the following parameters:
- Have suitable design;
- Be affordable for you;
- Be durable;
- Do not create difficulties with installation.
It is necessary to start choosing a roof at the design stage of the structure, since all loads on the truss structure must be taken into account and then the necessary materials and roof components must be calculated.
- It is also necessary to take into account climatic features.
Consultant of our forum Sergei Namestnikov(nickname on the forum Pil18 ):
– By doing"correct" choice of roofing material for our climatic conditions, it is worth remembering that due to the size of our country we are dealing with several climatic zones. Namely:
- In southern regions with high solar activity, it is worth choosing a coating based on its color fastness parameters (ultraviolet stability) and operating temperature range, since roofing in areas where plus thirty degrees is not uncommon gets very hot;
- In coastal areas, it is worth choosing a coating taking into account the aggressive environment of salty sea air;
- In the northern regions, it is necessary to take into account not only the winter temperature of minus forty, but the weight of the coating, since snow loads are of decisive importance.
When designing a roof, wind and snow loads must be taken into account, regardless of materials!
Consultant's opinion Elena Gorbunova, Moscow (forum nickname Matilda):
–
It is better to start choosing a roofing material even before installing the rafter system, since there are small but important differences in the design of the roofing pie for different types roofing coverings.
Wanting to save on construction, many choose roofing based only on the price for square meter and turning a blind eye to some shortcomings. But don't forget about the little things! The real price also consists of the necessary components, additional structural elements, elements passing through the roof and the possibility of installing them on a given roof covering.
Any roofing covering will last a long time if it is installed efficiently and in full accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations!
Roof selection algorithm
Despite the fact that there may be several selection criteria, first of all any developer pays attention to the design of the roofing. After all, it should not only be combined with the house and outbuildings: bathhouse, garage, etc., but also ideally be in harmony with the landscape of the entire site. That is why an integrated approach is required when choosing.
Sergei Namestnikov :
– Roofing and general form The finished roof must be combined with the design of the building, which means it should please the owners with its appearance. You can also highlight a number of secondary criteria that you should focus on:
- Price;
- Easy installation;
- Availability on the market;
- Durability.
But before you finally decide on the choice of roofing covering, you need to carefully study its technical characteristics and inquire about the history of use of the material.
There is no universal good advice on which coatings should be used and which ones should not be used. There are so many people, so many opinions. Some like corrugated sheets, others like tiles, and in each case you need to choose individually, according to the location.
Sergei Namestnikov :
– When choosing a roofing covering, I always recommend following the following algorithm: choose a design, select a brand (manufacturer) from the desired group of coatings, select a specific product based on its technical characteristics and price, look for the best (optimal) offer on the market, and buy.
This step-by-step approach to choosing will prevent you from getting confused.
It is impossible to say which roofing material is the best. The experience of our forum users suggests that there is no clear answer.
Sergei Namestnikov :
– In my opinion, your roof should have a coating that, first of all, will please you! And to the question “which roofing material is better to refuse”, I would answer “poor quality”.
Even the highest quality material will not last long if used incorrectly! But you only need to save up to a certain level. We should also not forget that the roofing system depends not so much on the quality of the material, but on correct installation roofing system.
Sergei Namestnikov
:
– When choosing a roofing covering, you should also take into account the shape of the roof.
If the shape of the roof is complex, with slopes, slopes, angles of different shapes, many valleys, trapezoidal and triangular slopes, then using sheet materials, metal tiles, etc. on it leads to waste exceeding 30% of total number material, which is very uneconomical.
Therefore, on this type of roof it is more advisable to use soft tiles and materials, during the installation of which the waste will not be so high.
Types of roofing
To understand which roofing is best suited for your home, you need to understand the parameters of roofing coatings on the market.
Elena Gorbunova:
– The main types of materials are:
- Metal tiles;
- Soft bitumen shingles;
- Sand-cement;
- Ceramic;
- Composite.
Metal tiles rightly Is one of the most popular roofing coverings on this moment. It is a galvanized sheet with a coating applied to it (or without coating) of various shapes (rolling forms). The price range is approximately 200-500 RUR/m2.
Elena Gorbunova:
– Metal tiles vary in coating, steel thickness and profile. The thickness of steel varies generally from 0.4 to 0.5 mm. The thicker the better. Steel 0.4 is too thin, and this makes installation difficult, because... large sheets bend and crumple like foil.
Sergei Namestnikov
:
– The durability of this material directly depends on the quality of the coating and the quality of galvanization of the steel sheet. There is an opportunity to buy sheets standard sizes, and order sheets of the size you need.
Despite the fact that the choice of colors for metal tiles is quite extensive, there are not many forms of rolling, and this imposes certain restrictions on the design of the roof of a house. Also, when choosing and purchasing, you should take into account not only the cost of the “canvas” per square meter, but also the cost of additional elements, since the inflated price of additional elements leads to an increase in cost.
Sergei Namestnikov :
– Don’t forget that when it rains, metal tiles make noise, which, in principle, can be eliminated by conventional insulation and high-quality sound insulation.
The service life of high-quality metal tiles, provided they are installed correctly, is about 50 years.
Choosing a soft roof for your home
Soft tiles- a very popular material on the Russian market. This is due the broadest possibilities design of this roofing and a large number of colors, shades and shapes. The price range for soft roofing is also very wide - from 200 rubles for the simplest quality material to several thousand for roofing from exclusive collections.
This material is excellent for use on complex roofs, since there is practically no waste during installation. Flexible tiles perfectly soundproof noise from rain. But this type the covering requires laying on a solid base (most often it is made of OSB - plywood), which increases the cost of the roofing system.
Elena Gorbunova:
– Under soft tiles you definitely need a continuous sheathing. It is most practical to first fill a thin sheathing, and nail an OSB board (or moisture-resistant plywood) over it. In this case, the pitch of the sheathing can be adjusted to the size of the OSB slab and there is no need to cut the slab.
And the plate itself can be taken thinner.
The standard slab width is 1220 mm. The sheathing is inch boards with a pitch of 244 mm, and a 9 mm OSB board is attached along the axes. This thickness is quite sufficient for any climatic zone of Russia. And the edge of the slab will always be in the middle of the sheathing board.
Another feature of bituminous shingles is that they do not need additional waterproofing along the slope of the rafters. The lining layer is laid over the continuous sheathing and the roofing tiles go over it. In this case, there will be no mini-leaks or condensation dripping from inside insulation material.
Exit through such roof covering chimney, a fan pipe or a ventilation pipe is cheaper and easier than through any other.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It should be remembered that the places underAll these exits must be provided in the roof in advance!
And in order for such a roof to last for a long time, when purchasing it, you can use the following advice.
Elena Gorbunova:
– It is important that the bitumen in the roofing tiles does not become brittle over time. A fairly simple way to check its quality when purchasing is to sniff the tile. There should be no sharp bitumen smell, which means that the bitumen has been artificially aged and the necessary modifiers for elasticity have been added to it.
Wavy bitumen sheets
is a material based on organic fibers (cellulose) impregnated with bitumen. This material is easy to install and lightweight.
However, it limits the developer's design options.
It is popular, first of all, due to the fact that the installation of corrugated bitumen sheets is easy to do independently, and the material itself is easy to transport.
Sergei Namestnikov :
Steel roofing (seam roofing)- This is the most reliable and durable steel roofing, which is produced using double standing seam technology. Such a roof has no holes, the surface is monolithic and sealed. Seam roofing is exactly the case when the material for making the roof is not expensive, but the main problem of this type of coating is high-quality styling. There are not many craftsmen who can perform this type of work, which affects the price of installation work.
Sergei Namestnikov :
– This material should be used when it is necessary to obtain a durable roof, and the issue of price fades into the background.
Roof tiles– this is a material with a deep history, used in ancient times. This roofing covering is durable and beautiful, but has a lot of weight, which imposes increased demands on the rafter system and the structure of the entire building.
Sergei Namestnikov
:
– I would classify this material as a premium segment, because... the cost of high-quality ceramic tiles can hardly be called low.
There are several technologies for making tiles.
There are cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic tiles. The classic version is ceramic tiles.
Elena Gorbunova:
- Sand-cement tiles. Here you need to pay attention to such an indicator as “cyclicality”. Such a roof collects moisture, which, when the temperature passes through “zero”, expands inside and leads to the destruction of the roof covering. Over the course of a year, there are several dozen zero crossings in the Moscow region.
- Composite tiles. It looks very impressive, because... combines both profile volume and stone topping. But it is quite difficult to install, and its installation should not be left to roofers without experience working with this type of roofing.
If you decide to get a roof made of natural tiles– don’t count on low prices!
Slate and painted slate- This is an inexpensive material. And it can be recommended for use as a roofing covering only if the price of the material is the main selection criterion. 
It should be remembered that slate is already quite an outdated material. It is also very fragile, which imposes certain restrictions on its installation.
Also, do not forget that if you save too much on roofing material, there may be significant losses in quality and cost. installation work, insulation, wood, remains unchanged. Therefore, if there is an opportunity to purchase a roofing covering of a higher quality, it is always worth taking advantage of it, because, like a house, a roof is installed for more than one decade!
Users of the site can find out all the information on; understand. Participants in our forum will tell you everything about. You can also find a detailed and clear description of the installation technology here. There is a heated discussion in our forum thread about how much more expensive it is than metal tiles. We are discussing and. Our video clearly explains how to correctly approach the choice of economy class roofing. The roof is made up of roofing small items, and you will learn which ones exactly from the second video. And if you want to install a seam roof with your own hands, but don’t know how to do it, watch the video where our forum member talks in detail about all the intricacies and secrets of working with this coating!
Selection of building and finishing materials during construction country house or a cottage must be done already at the design stage, and roofing for the roof is no exception. The market offers a huge selection of products that differ in composition, physical and mechanical properties, appearance and cost. Before purchasing, it is advisable to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, calculate the price and installation costs, and also take into account the nuances of the building design itself (purpose, number of floors, shape of the roof structure, etc.).
Popular types of materials for roofs Source liveposts.ru
What to consider when choosing
Before purchasing roofing products, you need to pay attention to the following points:
Strength. The finished coating should be as resistant to snow and wind load as possible.
Weight. Roofing material should not create excessive load on the rafters and foundation of the house. For this reason, for light buildings on pile foundation Usually they choose a soft roof, ondulin, and for houses on a strip or slab base, any type of product is suitable, including natural tiles, the mass of which is the greatest.
Life time. For cottages, they usually purchase material that retains its properties for at least 50 years, and for country houses and outbuildings, they buy varieties that are more affordable, but last less (15-25 years).
Safety. High-quality products should not contain toxic substances.
Another factor that people pay attention to when choosing the type of roofing for a roof is price: in Moscow for 1 sq. we will have to pay an average of 500-900 rubles. The most affordable types are corrugated sheets, slate and soft roofing; composite and ceramic tiles are the most expensive.
The roof of a residential building is an important element of its appearance Source stroicod.ru
Also, when purchasing roofing building materials, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of the house (for permanent, temporary, seasonal residence), the shape of the roof (flat, gable, multi-slope, asymmetrical, domed, etc.). It is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of the shade of the product with the color scheme of the future building: this is especially important for residential buildings and cottages, which should be not only cozy and reliable, but also aesthetically attractive.
Metal roofing: types, pros and cons, cost
Metal roofing has enjoyed great success and combines practicality with affordability and relatively quick installation. Such materials can last 15-20 years, withstand heavy loads, but are susceptible to icing, require careful insulation, and due to low sound insulation, it will be too uncomfortable on the upper floors during rain or hail.
Metal materials: 1 – metal tiles, 2 – corrugated sheets, 3 – seam roofing Source tr.skopelitissa.com
Today on the market you can find the following types:
Metal tiles. It is made of galvanized steel, the outer side imitates the design of natural tiles. Pros - high strength, possibility of laying on old coating, fire safety, big choice colors. Cons: high thermal conductivity, noise during rain. Price per square meter – 300-600 rubles.
Profiled sheet. These are corrugated sheets; they are attached to the sheathing using special screws. The quality of a profiled sheet does not differ from metal tiles, its appearance is less aesthetic, but the cost is 250-350 rubles per meter.
Seam roofing. It was named after the type of connection - the fold: the element has a snap-on design. This roofing material is reliable and looks more aesthetically pleasing. The cost of a seam roof per meter is 500-700 rubles.
Natural tiles
If you plan to build a block, brick house for permanent residence, the budget allows you to purchase more expensive material, you can pay attention to tiles.
Roofing made from natural tiles looks the most aesthetically pleasing Source krovlyaregion.ru
There are several varieties of these products on the market, which differ in composition, properties and price. The most common ceramic tiles, which are made from clay by firing high temperature in special ovens. The coating is resistant to mechanical and climatic influences, does not fade in the sun, has high fire resistance, and retains its ideal appearance for 100-150 years. However, ceramic tiles can only be installed if rafter system designed for heavy load: the material is too heavy. The cost of products starts from 1500-1700 rubles.
To decorate a cottage in a traditional European style, you can choose slate tiles, which have been known since the Middle Ages and are suitable for cladding roofs of all shapes and sizes. Natural slate has excellent thermal insulation properties, does not create noise during rain and hail, does not crack from external influences and does not fade in the sun. The service life is 150-200 years. The price of such products is about 400-600 rubles per tile.
The slate coating looks very unusual Source rmnt.mirtesen.ru
Another popular variety is cement-sand roof tiles. Such products are practically indistinguishable from their ceramic counterparts and have the same pros and cons, with the exception of their service life: it varies between 80-100 years. In addition, this variety is cheaper: the price per square meter is 400-500 rubles. The material is suitable for pitched roofs with a slope of 20-60 degrees; steeper surfaces will require additional waterproofing.
Types of soft roofing
Flexible roofing materials are considered very popular: they are universal and, due to their low weight, are suitable for any building, be it a brick cottage or a summerhouse. Flexible roofing is resistant to temperature changes, easy to install, has high sound insulation, and is safe. The average service life is 15-17 years, subject to proper installation. One of the most popular varieties is built-up roofing. These products are most often black, but you can also find options with basalt topping in different shades. The cost of a roll varies between 700-1200 rubles.
Another variety - soft tiles: it imitates the design of a ceramic analogue and has a multilayer structure. The base is made of fiberglass or polyester, covered with a bitumen composition, on top there is a substrate and mineral coating (top layer). There are the following types of roofing of this type:
Class A tiles. It has a high level of fire safety and retains its properties and appearance for at least 20 years.
Class C tiles. The base is roofing cardboard, which has less wear resistance. The service life does not exceed 15-20 years.
Manufacturers offer this material with different shapes of elements, from rectangles to imitation shingles. The cost is 250-450 rubles per square meter, depending on the manufacturer, design and composition.
Other products
The range is not limited to the materials mentioned above; customers can choose and buy other types of roofing materials. Among them there are both modern options (for example, composite products) and traditional types of coatings.
Other types of roofing: 1 – composite tiles, 2 – slate, 3 – ondulin Source tr.skopelitissa.com
For example, in the last 5-7 years, composite tiles have become increasingly popular. It has a steel base with an aluzinc coating and basalt topping, and is characterized by increased strength, a variety of colors, long-term operation (more than 100 years), and excellent heat and sound insulation. This material weighs less than its natural counterparts, does not fade in the sun, and is relatively inexpensive - 500-700 rubles per square meter.
Video description
About the types and properties of roofing in the video:
Another popular coating is ondulin, or euroslate. It is made from cellulose fibers impregnated with polymer; the sheets have a corrugated structure. The products are lightweight, practical, easy to transport and install, the cost of a sheet is 500-650 rubles. The closest analogue is classic asbestos-cement slate, which is heavier, more fragile, and requires regular care and thorough waterproofing, but it costs less - 200-250 rubles apiece. Most often, slate roofing is installed on non-residential buildings and extensions.
The right choice of material is the key to creating a beautiful and reliable roof Source roomester.ru
On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey roof design and repair services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Conclusion
Before construction country house or cottage, it is important to study what types of roofing materials there are, their types and prices. On the market you can find both natural and artificial varieties in any price segment, from economical level to premium class. The choice should be made taking into account design features the future building, your own aesthetic preferences and budget.