Dangerous effects of phenol on the body and symptoms of poisoning. How dangerous is phenol for humans, symptoms and signs of poisoning

Phenols are organic compounds that can cause harm to humans and affect their health. Despite this, the production of this substance in the world increases every year.

Characteristics of phenols

Physical properties phenol: their shape resembles crystals, which tend to oxidize in air, turning pink, and has a specific odor similar to the smell of gouache. The maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of phenol in the air is 4 mg/m³, in natural reservoirs – 0.001.

This substance dissolves well in alcohol, oils, and acetone. Phenol dissolves in water gradually, in a ratio of 1/20 if the water temperature reaches +700° C. In contaminated natural waters its content can reach tens and even hundreds of micrograms in 1 liter.

Carbolic acid is a 2-5% solution of phenol and is an excellent antiseptic that can destroy pathogenic microbes and bacteria. Carbolic acid is used in the production of many pharmaceuticals.

Synthetic technical phenol is used as a raw material for the production of caprolactam, adipic acid, aniline, alkylphenol, and hydroquinone. In terms of the number of OH groups, phenols and alcohols are similar in structure, but phenol is a stronger acid.

Application in medicine and other industries

The scope of phenol, due to its danger and toxicity, is limited. To reduce the danger, it is used in small quantities and mixed with other components. The substance is actively used by manufacturers in the following industries:

  • Medicine: used as good antiseptic, a disinfectant against fungal infections, inflammation of the middle ear. It is also involved in the manufacture medicines(Aspirin), in genetic engineering;
  • In cosmetology: phenol peeling. Phenol formaldehyde is used for the manufacture of cosmetic products;
  • Oil refining industry: purification of residual oil raw materials;
  • Agriculture: various fertilizers for pest and weed control. Also used as an antiseptic for disinfecting animal skins;
  • Food industry – for food preservation;
  • Chemical industry: production of cleaning and disinfectants, epoxy resins, plastics, in the production of dyes.

Why is phenol dangerous?

This substance is dangerous and toxic, its hazard class is second. It penetrates the body through the mucous membranes and skin, after which it is transported to the internal organs:

  • The entry of one gram of phenol into the human body is fatal. Less than one gram is enough for a child's body. Regardless of the state in which phenol formaldehyde is found, for humans it is a colossal harm that affects health;
  • Liquid phenol or in the form of vapor (gaseous) can cause burns or allergic reactions, and also causes tissue necrosis (as a result of changes in protein molecules).
  • In addition, they impair blood circulation in the body, destroy red blood cells, and provoke the occurrence of dermatitis.

To avoid severe consequences of phenol formaldehyde on the body, you need to know the causes of poisoning and how to combat it.

Causes of poisoning

Poisoning occurs for the following reasons:

  1. Use of phenol-containing medications whose expiration date has expired;
  2. Ignorance of the composition of the medicine, use without a “prescription”;
  3. Phenol poisoning upon contact with toys (most often found in toys made in China, although other manufacturers also suffer from this problem.
  4. Excessive dosages.

If adults fall under the influence of phenol through carelessness, then children suffer due to the fact that adults put the medicines in easily accessible places, and sometimes even left them open.

Symptoms of poisoning

Phenol poisoning is divided into acute and chronic.

Acute poisoning occurs when the substance comes into contact with the skin, orally, or when vapors are inhaled. It is very difficult to be poisoned by vapors at home; this happens much more often in enterprises. One breath is enough to observe the following symptoms:

  • Persistent cough caused by irritation of the lungs;
  • Excessive excitability;
  • Severe pain in the head;
  • Weakness and body aches.

The above health problems may cause hospitalization.

Signs of phenol poisoning upon contact with skin:

  • The damaged area of ​​the skin becomes white;
  • Skin transformation, appearance of wrinkles and folds;
  • After a while, the skin turns red;
  • Bubbles are blown;
  • Burning and tingling.

If the chemical gets ingested, the following symptoms may occur:

  • Bad breath;
  • The appearance of stains in oral cavity;
  • Pain in the throat, internal organs;
  • Feeling unwell, vomiting;
  • Increased sweating;
  • Change in urine color.

Large doses of carbolic acid can cause death.

In the case of constant but small exposure to the substance on the body, chronic poisoning develops, which is accompanied by:

  • Weakness and body aches;
  • Poor sleep;
  • Severe headache;
  • Lack of appetite;
  • Bad mood.

First aid for phenol poisoning

If you suspect phenol poisoning, you should immediately seek medical help. It is impossible to remove the substance from the body on your own, but it can help first aid is quite real.

  1. Take the victim to fresh air;
  2. If the concentration of the substance in the stomach is high, you should take the sorbent with plenty of water;
  3. In case of internal poisoning, you need to rinse your mouth thoroughly with water (milk) for 5 - 10 minutes, then spit;
  4. Damaged skin should be washed with water;
  5. Do not leave the shower until the ambulance arrives, thoroughly rinse all affected areas of the body.

Full treatment and diagnosis are carried out only under the supervision of a doctor. The poison should be removed using vitamin B1, ethanol (externally), as well as through procedures such as tracheotomy and intubation.

Prevention

The basic rule that must be followed to avoid poisoning is to avoid contact with the substance when working with phenol-containing components. It is recommended to use protective equipment (gloves, masks, suits and respirators).

Do not buy medications that contain phenol formaldehyde; if possible, take analogue and alternative medications (it’s easier to spend a little money than risk your health); if you have them at home, store them in places that are difficult for children to reach.

For cosmetic purposes, I use phenol formaldehyde as a phenol peeling, but it can exhibit an allergic effect, so it is worth thinking about the advisability of such a procedure.

Phenols- derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons, which may contain one or more hydroxyl groups connected to a benzene ring.

What are phenols called?

According to IUPAC rules, the name " phenol" The numbering of atoms comes from the atom that is directly bonded to the hydroxy group (if it is the senior one) and is numbered so that the substituents receive the lowest number.

Representative - phenol - C 6 H 5 OH:

The structure of phenol.

The oxygen atom has a lone electron pair at its outer level, which is “pulled” into the ring system (+M effect HE-groups). As a result, 2 effects can occur:

1) increasing the electron density of the benzene ring to the ortho- and para- positions. Basically, this effect manifests itself in electrophilic substitution reactions.

2) the density on the oxygen atom decreases, as a result of which the bond HE weakens and may tear. The effect is associated with increased acidity phenol compared to saturated alcohols.

Mono-substituted derivatives phenol(cresol) can be in 3 structural isomers:

Physical properties of phenols.

Phenols are crystalline substances at room temperature. Poorly soluble in cold water, but well soluble in hot water and in aqueous solutions of alkalis. They have a characteristic odor. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, they have a high boiling and melting point.

Preparation of phenols.

1. From halobenzenes. When chlorobenzene and sodium hydroxide are heated under pressure, sodium phenolate is obtained, which, after reacting with acid, turns into phenol:

2. Industrial method: the catalytic oxidation of cumene in air produces phenol and acetone:

3. From aromatic sulfonic acids by fusion with alkalis. The reaction most often carried out to produce polyhydric phenols is:

Chemical properties of phenols.

R-orbital of the oxygen atom forms with the aromatic ring unified system. Therefore, the electron density on the oxygen atom decreases, and on the benzene ring it increases. Communication polarity HE increases, and the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group becomes more reactive and can easily be replaced by a metal atom even under the action of alkalis.

The acidity of phenols is higher than that of alcohols, so the following reactions can be carried out:

But phenol is a weak acid. If carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide is passed through its salts, phenol is released, which proves that carbonic and sulfurous acids are stronger acids:

The acidic properties of phenols are weakened by the introduction of type I substituents into the ring and enhanced by the introduction of type II.

2) Formation of esters. The process occurs under the influence of acid chlorides:

3) Electrophilic substitution reaction. Because HE-group is a substituent of the first kind, then the reactivity of the benzene ring in the ortho- and para-positions increases. When phenol is exposed to bromine water, a precipitate is observed - this is a qualitative reaction to phenol:

4) Nitration of phenols. The reaction is carried out with a nitrating mixture, resulting in the formation of picric acid:

5) Polycondensation of phenols. The reaction occurs under the influence of catalysts:

6) Oxidation of phenols. Phenols are easily oxidized by atmospheric oxygen:

7) A qualitative reaction to phenol is the effect of a solution of ferric chloride and the formation of a violet complex.

Application of phenols.

Phenols are used in the production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, synthetic fibers, dyes and medicines, disinfectants. Picric acid is used as explosives.


Phenol has two other names - carbolic acid, as well as hydroxybenzone. Answering the question of what phenol is, it should be noted that it is an element of organic origin that belongs to the class of hydrocarbons. Outwardly, it resembles small needle-shaped crystals of a transparent whitish hue. The smell of phenol is similar to the smell of gouache paints. In air, interacting with oxygen, it changes color to light pink.

Basic properties

The substance has moderate solubility in water (when heated to 700 degrees - in any proportion), and good in oils, alcohol-containing liquids, acetone and alkalis. When interacting with water vapor, it becomes volatile.

Sources of poisoning

The wide range of applications leads to the likelihood of a high frequency of cases of intoxication.

More than 40% of the substance is used in the chemical industry for the production of other organic compounds, in particular resins.

Scope of application

The properties of a substance are used in the following areas:

  • chemical industry: in the production of synthetic fibers, various solutions with cleaning and disinfecting properties, dyes;
  • oil refining sector: for selective purification of various oils;
  • agricultural industry: for disinfection of livestock, treatment of plants against diseases and protection against weeds;
  • woodworking sphere: as an additive to glue and wood;
  • food industry: to ensure the preservative abilities of smoke smoke;
  • cosmetology area: for peeling;
  • pharmaceuticals: as a preservative in solutions for vaccines, in the manufacture of medicines;
  • medical field: a solution of phenol in water, as an antiseptic, a remedy for the treatment of fungal diseases of the skin, genital warts, inflammation of the ear, as a disinfectant solution for caring for the sick, for linen, and for cleaning premises.

Degree of toxicity

Phenol is very toxic and sometimes causes irreparable harm to overall health.

It is classified as hazard class II. The degree of exposure of phenol to the human body is quite high.

The substance enters the body in several ways, in particular through the respiratory organs and the surface of the skin, as well as the mucous membrane. And it is eliminated by the kidneys and, by inhaling vapors, through the lungs.

Pharmacodynamics

In addition to being antiseptic, it has a bactericidal effect on vegetative forms of bacteria and fungi. The weak effect of phenol on spores is due to its insufficient solubility in water. Has disinfecting abilities.

It binds with the proteins of the infected cell, causing destruction of their native structure and the colloidal property of the cell. In addition, the substance dissolves in the membrane lipids of the infected cell, increasing its permeability and affecting the oxidative-regenerating internal processes.

In liquid 1.25% concentration most of microbes die after 5-10 minutes at room temperature.

The bactericidal effect increases with more high temperature, under acidic conditions.

Pharmacokinetics

The drug is easily absorbed through the surface of the skin, as well as mucous membranes, and is perfectly adsorbed food products. Very toxic if absorbed systemically.

About 20% of the dose taken is subject to oxidation. The end products of metabolism are phenyl glucuronide and phenyl sulfate. The oxidation products are catechols and quinols, mainly conjugated. Metabolic products are eliminated by the kidneys, and quinones give the urine a dark brown or greenish tint.

Only a small amount of the substance is eliminated as a “free” element. Considering the fact that free phenol is concentrated in the bloodstream, toxicity is directly related to this.

Possibility of intoxication

Toys that do not comply with GOST standards can lead to poisoning

The causes of phenol poisoning are non-compliance with instructions and safety rules when working with the substance, violation of the dosage regimen during treatment, violation of regulations for the storage of phenol-containing drugs, the use of plastic toys by children that do not comply with GOST indicators, etc.

The likelihood and danger of poisoning for a child is that the substance smells like gouache, which provokes a situation of accidental ingestion by children.

People working in industries where phenol is used are at primary risk because of the increased risk of inhaling vapors.

Acceptable average daily norms

Once it reaches the surface of the skin, even if there are no damaged areas, it is quickly absorbed. Within minutes, the toxic effect on the brain appears.

The lethal norm for a healthy adult when administered orally is considered to be within the range of 1-10 g, and for therapy in children - 0.03-0.5 g.

A poisonous effect on almost all cells is possible due to structural changes in protein molecules, accompanied by a violation of their properties and the loss of cellular proteins in the form of sediment. This is fraught with the development of tissue necrosis.

The maximum permissible dose in the air is 0.01 mg/m3, remaining in it for an hour.

The average daily dose in the air is 0.003 mg/m3.

Symptoms

The harm of phenol exposure to humans is obvious. Noting why the drug is dangerous, we should mention its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and spread through the bloodstream to all tissues and cells of the body.

Symptoms characterizing phenol poisoning are as follows:

  • Initially, the victim experiences slight excitement, which quickly passes and is replaced by irritation. Later, a state of apathy, indifference and depression develops.
  • Loss of strength and weakness are growing dynamically. Tactility decreases, while the reaction to changes in illumination intensifies. The poisoned person experiences a feeling of nausea, dizziness, and severe headaches. Convulsions and loss of consciousness are possible.
  • The skin turns pale and becomes cold to the touch. Sometimes there is cyanosis of the skin.
  • When inhaling fumes, shortness of breath develops and breathing becomes rapid. Constant sneezing is caused by irritation of the nasal mucosa. As the degree of toxemia increases, spastic phenomena in the larynx and a dry cough occur. In cases of severe toxemia, spasms of the trachea and bronchi are possible, which can lead to suffocation and death.

Relief measures

Due to the risk of developing spastic contractions of the bronchi and other negative phenomena calling a team of professionals is justified in any case of phenol poisoning. Before her arrival, primary care should be started immediately.

Pre-medical actions

If signs of poisoning by a substance are observed, it is urgently necessary to interrupt the victim’s contact with poisons. To do this, he is taken outside and freed from restrictive clothing. If the substance gets on the skin, wash it thoroughly with water.

In case of contact with skin, rinse with water.

If phenol poisoning occurs orally, treatment does not begin with medication. First you should rinse your mouth for 10-15 minutes.

If phenolic liquid penetrates into the stomach, sorbent preparations can be taken.

Gastric lavage procedure is not allowed. This is due to the risk of increasing the degree of burn, and will increase the location and extent of damage to the mucous membrane.

In a hospital setting

Further actions will be carried out by medical professionals. Where does treatment begin? The victim will be given an antidote. The drug calcium gluconate serves as an antidote.

To remove phenol from the body and prevent further harmful effects, the clinic uses the following basic procedures:

Calcium gluconate

  • hemosorption is the process of circulating blood in a specialized apparatus;
  • detoxification - the introduction of solutions that reduce the concentration of a toxic component in the bloodstream and promote its natural elimination through the kidneys;
  • hemodialysis is the process of blood passing through a machine, through special membrane-like formations that trap toxins.

Additional treatment depends on which symptoms persist. They consist of procedures to restore the structure of the skin, the activity of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, etc.

Substance Phenol, its properties
Phenol is a chemical compound that has the formula C5H6OH and is an artificially derived compound.

Phenol is a substance with a crystalline structure with an odor similar to gouache. But despite these, at first glance, associations, phenol is an extremely toxic substance.

Under the influence of air, phenol can change its color, which is manifested in a change in the color of the crystals: at first they have pink color, subsequently turning into brown. And it is precisely this property that allows this substance to be used in the production of dyes.

It is worth noting also others Chemical properties phenol is his low temperature melting, and the ability to dissolve in various types of solvents, both organic and inorganic.

Over the years, phenol, which was used in the production of various building materials, does not lose its toxic properties, and its danger to humans does not decrease. Phenol negatively affects the cardiovascular system, nervous system and other internal organs, such as kidneys, liver, etc. In many countries, its use in the production of household goods is strictly prohibited due to its toxic activity.

Application of phenol in industry.

We have already said that phenol, when exposed to air, can change its color. In view of this obvious sign, at first phenol was used only in the production of dyes. But subsequently, its antiseptic properties were also discovered in this substance: it became clear that it can be used in the fight against bacteria, sterilize medical instruments, cabinets, etc.

Phenol has also found its use as a medicine..
Medicines containing this substance are used both externally and internally. Plus, phenol has analgesic properties. On its basis, the well-known aspirin is made and its use takes place in the production of drugs for patients with tuberculosis. Phenol is used in genetic engineering to isolate DNA.

In light industry it is used to treat animal skin, disinfecting it. Phenol is also used to protect crops. But phenol plays the main role in chemical industry. It is used to produce various types of plastics and other synthetic fibers.

To this day some children's toys are made with the addition of this substance, which makes the final product unsafe for human health.

The effect of phenol on the human body

What is the danger of phenol? - ask a question.

Here is the answer: its properties have an extremely negative effect on internal organs. When hit through Airways, phenol irritates them and can cause burns. If it gets on the skin, as in the case of the respiratory tract, burns are formed that can develop into ulcers. An area of ​​such a burn of 25% will most likely lead to death.

Ingestion of this substance is extremely dangerous., which can lead to internal bleeding, muscle atrophy, peptic ulcers, etc. The withdrawal period for this toxin is 24 hours, but during this period the substance causes irreparable damage that remains noticeable for many years.

The above factors make it clear that no one is immune from damage by phenol. You can only hope that your home was not built with such a substance, that it was not used in the production of the flooring you are going to buy, and that the toys that children play with are made without this toxin.

If you feel somewhat unwell, in the absence of any chronic diseases, if there is the slightest suspicion of the presence of such a toxin, you should definitely conduct an environmental assessment for the presence of phenol vapors

He who is forewarned is forearmed. Be careful!

Hydroxybenzene

Chemical properties

What is Phenol? Hydroxybenzene, what is it? According to Wikipedia, this is one of the simplest representatives of its class of aromatic compounds. Phenols are organic aromatic compounds in whose molecules carbon atoms from the aromatic ring are attached to the hydroxyl group. General formula of phenols: C6H6n(OH)n. According to standard nomenclature, organic matter This series is distinguished by the number of aromatic nuclei and HE- groups. There are monoatomic arenoles and homologues, diatomic arenediols, terchatom arenetriols and polyatomic formulas. Phenols also tend to have a number of spatial isomers. For example, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (pyrocatechin ), 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (hydroquinone ) are isomers.

Alcohols and phenols differ from each other by the presence of an aromatic ring. Ethanol is a homologue of methanol. Unlike Phenol, methanol interacts with aldehydes and enters into esterification reactions. The statement that methanol and phenol are homologues is incorrect.

If we consider in detail the structural formula of Phenol, we can note that the molecule is a dipole. In this case, the benzene ring is the negative end, and the group HE– positive. The presence of a hydroxyl group causes an increase in electron density in the ring. The lone pair of electrons of oxygen enters into conjugation with the pi-system of the ring, and the oxygen atom is characterized by sp2 hybridization. Atoms and atomic groups in a molecule have a strong mutual influence on each other, and this is reflected in the physical and chemical properties of substances.

Physical properties. The chemical compound has the form of colorless needle-shaped crystals that turn pink in air because they are susceptible to oxidation. The substance has a specific chemical odor, it is moderately soluble in water, alcohols, alkali, acetone and benzene. Molar mass= 94.1 grams per mole. Density = 1.07 g per liter. Crystals melt at 40-41 degrees Celsius.

What does Phenol interact with? Chemical properties of Phenol. Due to the fact that the molecule of the compound contains both an aromatic ring and a hydroxyl group, it exhibits some properties of alcohols and aromatic hydrocarbons.

How does the group react? HE? The substance does not exhibit strong acidic properties. But it is a more active oxidizing agent than alcohols; unlike ethanol, it interacts with alkalis to form phenolate salts. Reaction with sodium hydroxide :C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O. The substance reacts with sodium (metal): 2C6H5OH + 2Na → 2C6H5ONa + H2.

Phenol does not react with carboxylic acids. Esters are obtained by reacting phenolate salts with acid halides or acid anhydrides. For chemical compound Reactions for the formation of ethers are not typical. Esters form phenolates when exposed to haloalkanes or halogenated arenes. Hydroxybenzene reacts with zinc dust, and the hydroxyl group is replaced by N, the reaction equation is as follows: C6H5OH + Zn → C6H6 + ZnO.

Chemical interaction on the aromatic ring. The substance is characterized by reactions of electrophilic substitution, alkylation, halogenation, acylation, nitration and sulfonation. Of particular importance are the reactions of salicylic acid synthesis: C6H5OH + CO2 → C6H4OH(COONa), occurs in the presence of a catalyst sodium hydroxide . Then upon exposure it is formed.

Reaction of interaction with bromine water is a qualitative reaction to Phenol. C6H5OH + 3Br2 → C6H2Br2OH + 3HBr. Bromination produces a white solid - 2,4,6-tribromophenol . Another qualitative reaction - with ferric chloride 3 . The reaction equation is as follows: 6C6H5OH + FeCl3 → (Fe(C6H5OH)6)Cl3.

Phenol nitration reaction: C6H5OH + 3HNO3 → C6H2(NO2)3OH + 3 H2O. The substance is also characterized by an addition reaction (hydrogenation) in the presence of metal catalysts, platinum, aluminum oxide, chromium, and so on. As a result, cyclohexanol And cyclohexanone .

A chemical compound undergoes oxidation. The stability of the substance is significantly lower than that of benzene. Depending on the reaction conditions and the nature of the oxidizing agent, different reaction products are formed. Under the influence of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron, diatomic phenol is formed; upon action manganese dioxide , chromium mixture in an acidified environment – ​​para-quinone.

Phenol reacts with oxygen, combustion reaction: C6H5OH +7O2 → 6CO2 + 3H2O. Also special meaning for industry has a polycondensation reaction with formaldehyde (For example, metanalem ). The substance enters into a polycondensation reaction until one of the reactants is completely consumed and huge macromolecules are formed. As a result, solid polymers are formed, phenol-formaldehyde or formaldehyde resins . Phenol does not interact with methane.

Receipt. On this moment Several methods for the synthesis of hydroxybenzene exist and are actively used. The cumene method for producing phenol is the most common of them. About 95% of the total production volume of the substance is synthesized in this way. In this case, it undergoes non-catalytic oxidation with air. cumene and is formed cumene hydroperoxide . The resulting compound decomposes when exposed to sulfuric acid on acetone and Phenol. Additional by-product reaction is alpha methylstyrene .

The compound can also be obtained by oxidation toluene , the intermediate product of the reaction will be benzoic acid . Thus, about 5% of the substance is synthesized. All other raw materials for various needs are isolated from coal tar.

How to obtain from benzene? Phenol can be obtained using the direct oxidation reaction of benzene NO2() with further acid decomposition sec-butylbenzene hydroperoxide . How to obtain phenol from chlorobenzene? There are two options for obtaining from chlorobenzene of this chemical compound. The first is the reaction of interaction with an alkali, for example, with sodium hydroxide . As a result, phenol is formed and salt. The second is a reaction with water vapor. The reaction equation is as follows: C6H5-Cl + H2O → C6H5-OH + HCl.

Receipt benzene from Phenol. To do this, you first need to treat benzene with chlorine (in the presence of a catalyst), and then add an alkali to the resulting compound (for example, NaOH). As a result, phenol is formed.

Transformation methane - acetylene - benzene - chlorobenzene can be done as follows. First, the methane decomposition reaction is carried out at a high temperature of 1500 degrees Celsius until acetylene (С2Н2) and hydrogen. Then acetylene at special conditions and high temperature are converted to benzene . Chlorine is added to benzene in the presence of a catalyst FeCl3, get chlorobenzene and hydrochloric acid: C6H6 + Cl2 → C6H5Cl + HCl.

One of the structural derivatives of phenol is an amino acid, which has important biological significance. This amino acid can be considered as a para-substituted phenol or alpha-substituted para-cresol . Cresols – quite common in nature along with polyphenols. Also, the free form of the substance can be found in some microorganisms in equilibrium with tyrosine .

Hydroxybenzene is used:

  • in production bisphenol A , epoxy resin And polycarbonate ;
  • for the synthesis of phenol-formaldehyde resins, nylon, nylon;
  • in the oil refining industry, for the selective purification of oils from aromatic sulfur compounds and resins;
  • in the production of antioxidants, surfactants, cresols , lek. drugs, pesticides and antiseptics;
  • in medicine as an antiseptic and analgesic for local use;
  • as a preservative in the manufacture of vaccines and smoked food products, in cosmetology during deep peeling;
  • for disinfection of animals in cattle breeding.

Hazard Class. Phenol is an extremely toxic, poisonous, caustic substance. When a volatile compound is inhaled, the functioning of the central nervous system is disrupted; the vapors irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract and cause severe chemical burns. When it comes into contact with the skin, the substance is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and reaches the brain tissue, causing paralysis of the respiratory center. Lethal dose when taken orally for an adult it ranges from 1 to 10 grams.

pharmachologic effect

Antiseptic, cauterizing.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The product exhibits bactericidal activity against aerobic bacteria, their vegetative forms and fungi. Has virtually no effect on fungal spores. The substance interacts with the protein molecules of microbes and leads to their denaturation. Thus, the colloidal state of the cell is disrupted, its permeability increases significantly, and redox reactions are disrupted.

In aqueous solution it is an excellent disinfectant. When using a 1.25% solution, practically microorganisms die within 5-10 minutes. Phenol, in a certain concentration, has a cauterizing and irritating effect on the mucous membrane. The bactericidal effect of using the product increases with increasing temperature and acidity.

When it comes into contact with the surface of the skin, even if it is not damaged, the medicine is quickly absorbed and penetrates the systemic bloodstream. Upon systemic absorption of the substance, its toxic effect is observed, mainly on the central nervous system and the respiratory center in the brain. About 20% of the dose taken is subject to oxidation; the substance and its metabolic products are excreted through the kidneys.

Indications for use

Application of Phenol:

  • for disinfection of instruments and linen and disinsection;
  • as a preservative in some medications. products, vaccines, suppositories and serums;
  • for superficial pyoderma , folliculitis , conflictene , ostiofolliculitis , sycosis , streptococcal impetigo ;
  • for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear, oral cavity and pharynx, periodontitis , genital pointed condylomas .

Contraindications

The substance is not used:

  • with widespread lesions of the mucous membrane or skin;
  • for the treatment of children;
  • during breastfeeding and;
  • at Phenol.

Side effects

Sometimes medicine may provoke the development of allergic reactions, itching, irritation at the site of application and a burning sensation.

Instructions for use (Method and dosage)

Preservation of drugs, serums and vaccines is carried out using 0.5% Phenol solutions.

For external use, the medicine is used in the form of an ointment. The drug is applied thin layer on the affected areas of the skin several times a day.

For treatment, the substance is used in the form of a 5% solution in. The drug is heated and 10 drops are instilled into the affected ear for 10 minutes. Then you need to remove the remaining medication using cotton wool. The procedure is repeated 2 times a day for 4 days.

Phenol preparations for the treatment of ENT diseases are used in accordance with the recommendations in the instructions. The duration of therapy is no more than 5 days.

To eliminate spiky condylomas they are treated with a 60% Phenol solution or a 40% solution tricresol . The procedure is carried out once every 7 days.

When disinfecting linen, use 1-2% soap-based solutions. Using a soap-phenolic solution, treat the room. Phenolic-turpentine and kerosene mixtures are used for disinsection.

Overdose

When the substance gets on the skin, a burning sensation, redness of the skin, and anesthesia of the affected area occur. The surface is treated vegetable oil or polyethylene glycol . Symptomatic therapy is carried out.

Symptoms of Phenol poisoning if ingested. There is severe pain in the abdomen, pharynx, and mouth, the victim vomits a brown mass, pale skin, general weakness and dizziness

The product should not be used on large areas of skin.

Before using the substance to disinfect household items, they must be mechanically cleaned, since the product is absorbed organic compounds. After processing, things may still long time maintain a specific smell.

The chemical compound cannot be used to treat premises for storing and preparing food products. It does not affect the color or structure of the fabric. Damages varnished surfaces.

For children

The product cannot be used in pediatric practice.

During pregnancy and lactation

Phenol is not prescribed during breastfeeding and during pregnancy .

Drugs containing (Analogs)

Level 4 ATX code matches:

Phenol is included in the following drugs: Feresol , Phenol solution in glycerin , Pharmaseptic . Contained in the preparations as a preservative: Belladonna extract , Skin diagnostic kit for drug allergies , and so on.