Detailed and accessible information about the internal insulation of a timber house. Do-it-yourself insulation of a timber house from the inside

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Insulation timber house from the inside with your own hands is enough difficult task. Despite the fact that a wooden wall itself retains energy quite well, to ensure optimal microclimate use heat insulating materials still desirable. Moreover, the effect of their use largely depends on the correct execution of the work.

If you have not previously encountered internal technology, then before purchasing materials and picking up a tool, you should carefully study the tips given in the article.

Material selection

Requirements for insulation

To understand how to properly insulate the inside of a house made of timber, you need to figure out what means will be used for this. On the market today building materials the most different insulation materials, but they all must have certain characteristics.

The main ones here will be:

• low thermal conductivity and, accordingly, good heat saving indicators;
• long service life, allowing insulation from the inside of the timber no more often than once every few decades;
• resistance to various influences - moisture, temperature changes, deformation, etc.;

Wood, compared to brick or concrete, has higher thermal insulation characteristics, but in cold climates, even a wooden house requires insulation. You can fix the thermal insulation material outside and inside the room with your own hands.

Insulating a log house from the inside allows you to preserve the unique facade made of natural material.

Material selection

To properly insulate a house, you need to choose the right material for wall insulation.

One of important factors is that insulation is carried out indoors, so the requirements for environmental friendliness and safety are more stringent than for insulation outside.

The material must not contain toxic components and cause allergic reactions.

Internal and external insulation of timber

The following materials can be used as the main materials for insulation:

• mineral wool;
• ecowool;
• Styrofoam;
• insulation with extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
• foamed polyethylene.

When building a house from timber with your own hands Special attention focuses on the origin of raw materials for building materials. If naturalness is important, the best option would be to use it, which is made on the basis of cellulose and allows the walls to “breathe”.

The most commonly used materials include expanded polystyrene (both extruded and foam) and mineral basalt wool. When insulating with penoplex or polystyrene foam, it is important to remember that it deprives the walls of the ability to pass air.

For a normal microclimate in the room, you will have to think about additional ventilation.

When working with mineral wool yourself, you need to remember additional protective measures. These include protective clothing that covers arms and legs, protective masks, goggles and gloves. The same applies to polyurethane foam.

Preliminary thermal insulation of a timber house

Preliminary insulation of walls

Immediately after construction, wood shrinks, so wooden house installation of partitions, interior decoration and insulation begins after a year, when shrinkage is greatest.
Immediately after construction, caulking is performed. For work, jute or linen insulation is used. It is correct to start caulking with lower crown and carry out work along the entire perimeter of the walls. If you do preliminary insulation With your own hands, first one wall and then the other, the shrinkage of the house may occur unevenly. After a year, the main insulation begins.

Preparatory stage of work

Wall treatment

If you plan to insulate the walls of an existing building, you need to make sure they are good condition and the absence of serious defects. It is necessary to check the condition along the entire perimeter of the building. In places where there are significant gaps due to drying out of the wood, it is recommended to caulk the walls again.

After elimination significant shortcomings correct minor unevenness and clean the surface from dirt and dust. Apply if necessary antiseptic treatment walls

Due to the low resistance of the material to fire, it is also necessary to treat the wood with special compounds that prevent fire - fire retardants.

In damp rooms, to prevent damage to the walls, they are additionally protected with waterproofing compounds.

When insulating with penoplex, you do not need to use additional waterproofing.

Insulation technology

Do-it-yourself wall insulation work is carried out in the following order:

• installation of a waterproofing layer;
• installation of a wooden frame for attaching insulation;
• heat-insulating material;
• vapor barrier film;
• finishing.

To increase the thermal insulation characteristics when insulating with penoplex, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, you can apply a layer of “warm” plaster.

This highly effective composition with a thickness of 20 mm can replace 60 mm ceramic bricks or 40 mm wood.

The waterproofing is rolled out along the perimeter of the walls and secured with a construction stapler. Next, install the sheathing under the insulation:

• first, the corners of the house are leveled and L-shaped racks are made;
• Next, the sheathing is made of bars with a section of 50 by 50 mm.

The sheathing ball is assigned based on the width of the insulation. When insulating with penoplex or polystyrene foam, the clean distance between the bars should be 60 cm. If mineral wool is used, the distance is reduced to 58 cm for a tight fit to the surface of the boards.

Installation of mineral wool

Installation of mineral wool

The material is secured using special anchors. They can be made of plastic or metal. To secure mineral wool, it is recommended to use disc-shaped metal dowels; they will ensure reliable connection of fairly heavy slabs to a vertical surface, since they are characterized by increased strength.

Installation of expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene includes penoplex and polystyrene foam. These materials can be secured using plastic dowels or adhesives. It is important to choose the right adhesive for polystyrene foam. If you plan to carry out work in wet areas, it must be resistant to water. The adhesive composition for walls should not contain the following components:

• solvents;
• formaldehyde;
• gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel;
• aggressive resins.

If this requirement is not met, adhesive composition can destroy the insulation and worsen the thermal protection of the building. It is best to choose those compositions whose packaging indicates the possibility of use for polystyrene foam.

Insulation of floors and roofs

Only 50% of the heat loss of the entire building occurs through the walls.
To ensure maximum thermal protection, you will also need to insulate the following structures:

• floors on the ground;
• covering the first floor with a cold basement;
• attic floor, if there is a cold attic;
• roof if available attic floor.

Insulation is carried out mainly with the same materials as the walls. In the case of mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam, manufacturers produce various products designed for different types designs. This must be taken into account when choosing a material.

General insulation of the house

Important points when insulating

It must be remembered that all of the above heat insulators, except mineral wool and ecowool, disrupt the natural ventilation of the room because they do not allow air to pass through. To ensure a normal microclimate, the following measures can be taken:

• regular ventilation of premises;
• forced ventilation device.

If all installation rules are followed and additional measures are taken to ensure normal temperature and humidity conditions in the premises, insulating a house from timber will allow you to significantly save on heating and avoid frequent repairs.

The climate of the CIS countries in general, and Russia in particular, is quite harsh. Winters are cold, metaphorically speaking, even unpredictable, and therefore the question reasonably arises of how to insulate a house made of timber? There is an answer to this question, and the technology for insulating a house made of timber using sawdust as insulation is quite simple and can even be done with your own hands.

Insulation of a timber building

However, insulating a log house from the inside is a process that requires careful preparation before its implementation. You should not only know how to insulate a house made of laminated veneer lumber, but also understand how the entire thermal insulation technology works.

Fortunately, there is nothing complicated either in understanding the technology or insulating a log house exclusively with your own hands.

1 Insulation of timber buildings

Creating wooden house with your own hands, you should immediately expect one incredible common problem: without insulation of corners, floors and even walls, the building will simply be unsuitable for use in the autumn winter period.

Buildings made of profiled timber with insulation frame house mineral wool, simply put, in almost all cases they require subsequent insulation. This is usually done by special construction companies, erecting the building itself and carrying out turnkey insulation work in it.

However proper insulation You can do it yourself from timber directly inside the building yourself, without resorting to the expensive services of various specialized companies.

Insulated laminated veneer lumber is the key to comfortable living. But this insulation must be carried out following construction axioms. We are talking about such axioms as:

1. Insulation between walls and siding is a primary task. The reason for this is the fact that the walls are in contact with the outside world, taking heat from inside the building and releasing it to the external environment;
2. The next most important element of the building in which you need to do the insulation yourself is the floor. For the same reasons as the walls;
3. Insulation of the roof of a building must be done exclusively using either mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. The choice between these two thermal insulation materials should be based on your own preferences;
4. Insulation and finishing of door and window openings carried out exclusively by construction polyurethane foam. Old windows can be insulated with thermal insulation film;
5. Insulation of a bathhouse made of timber with lining wooden house from the inside is performed last, since this procedure is secondary.

Thermal insulation of a timber building inside

A building that is protected on all sides by thermal insulation materials will resemble a thermos, which always provides cozy coolness in the summer and warm warmth in the winter. Insulated laminated veneer lumber is the key to a happy pastime in any weather and climate in your own home.

1.1 Nuances of insulation work

Insulating profiled timber in a house requires a step-by-step, judicious approach. You should immediately identify and think through the primary goals for insulating profiled timber. Such as:

• Choose the right insulation for installation under siding (even insulation under siding is suitable for brick house);
• Calculate correctly and extremely accurately required thickness thermal insulation material;
• Calculate how the finishing will be carried out;
• Describe all the stages and nuances of the technology for laying a building from profiled timber;
• Carry out waterproofing measures in advance;
• Protect the log house from possible exposure to harmful ultraviolet rays.

The actual finishing and insulation under the siding of a building made of profiled timber is carried out, as mentioned above, in stages:

• The first step is to install a construction seal between the so-called “crowns” of the log house. In addition, it is important to install thermal insulation of butt joints in the corners;
• If necessary, if there are reasons for this, make caulk for the log house;
• Next, it is necessary to carry out external thermal insulation directly under facade system(under siding);
• The last step is to make internal thermal insulation for plastering.

But the whole procedure is not over. An important mistake is the lack of thermal insulation for roofing systems. Such a mistake can result in inevitable heat leakage from the roof in winter. Moreover, there may also be problems such as:

• Failure of all roofing material;
• Ice and large icicles will constantly form; insulating the veranda with your own hands is an example;
• Energy costs to maintain heat in the building will increase sharply.

Among the many different insulation materials, experts advise choosing between mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Although polystyrene foam is not the safest insulation under siding for wooden buildings, it is more than effective.

External insulation of a timber house

Polystyrene foam structurally consists of 97% air, which affects the thermal insulation value (for polystyrene foam it is unusually high). Mineral wool also has an important advantage: it is extremely resistant to fire, and it can be installed under siding wooden buildings most secure.
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2 Production of thermal insulation

Consistent production of thermal insulation for timber buildings begins with the creation of a vapor barrier. And in order to isolate materials from steam, either roofing felt or plastic film. In rarer cases, you can limit yourself to ordinary aluminum foil.

The selected insulation material is placed on top of each other to create a complete seal. In this case, all existing joints are glued with construction self-adhesive tape.

The next step is to install a frame made of boards, the thickness of which should not exceed 50 millimeters and a width of 100 millimeters. The boards should be nailed to the wall and a distance between them should be left that is an order of magnitude smaller than the width of the insulation material.

The next stage is thermal insulation and insulation. country houses. This is done simply: after the frame of the building is knocked down, you can proceed directly to laying the insulating material. Thermal insulation boards carefully insert between the boards. Glass wool is then installed in exactly the same way.

To create wind insulation, polyethylene film is used, which has a high vapor permeability rate. If it was not possible to purchase such a film, then you can take roofing felt instead. It is important to remember that the wind barrier layer is in all cases nailed on top of the thermal insulation material to the building frame.

The last step is just to create the skin. For this, wooden boards with a thickness exceeding 2.5 centimeters are taken. Boards made of oak, pine or larch are ideal.
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2.1 The need for external insulation

Insulation wooden building This is not as easy to understand a process as it seems. The entire insulation system in such cases has both a base, a basis, and branches. One of the branches is external thermal insulation, which is recommended by leading experts in the field of thermal insulation work.

Such insulation has a number of significant advantages:

1. In the future, if necessary, it will be possible to change the façade of the building;
2. Thermal efficiency increases sharply;
3. Thermal insulation material will protect absolutely all walls from external influence climate;
4. The interior space of the building will remain completely unchanged and free.

Work on thermal insulation of a timber building

Only the owner of the building needs to decide whether or not to do external insulation, as in the case of insulating a brick house from the outside. However, in this case, it is better to rely on the opinions of experts and carry out this type of insulation work in order to guarantee a comfortable stay.
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2.2 Instructions for insulating a timber building (video)

Wood, compared to brick or concrete, has higher thermal insulation characteristics, but in cold climates, even a wooden house requires insulation. You can fix the thermal insulation material outside and inside the room with your own hands.

Insulating a log house from the inside allows you to preserve the unique facade made of natural material.

To properly insulate a house, you need to choose the right material for wall insulation.

One of the important factors is that insulation is carried out indoors, so the requirements for environmental friendliness and safety are more stringent than for insulation outside.

The material must not contain toxic components and cause allergic reactions.

Internal and external insulation of timber

The following materials can be used as the main materials for insulation:

• mineral wool;
• ecowool;
• Styrofoam;
• insulation with extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex);
• polyurethane foam;
• foamed polyethylene.

When building a house from timber with your own hands, special attention is paid to the origin of raw materials for building materials. If naturalness is important, the best option would be to use ecowool, which is made from cellulose and allows the walls to “breathe.”

The most commonly used materials include expanded polystyrene (both extruded and foam) and mineral basalt wool. When insulating with penoplex or polystyrene foam, it is important to remember that it deprives the walls of the ability to pass air.

For a normal microclimate in the room, you will have to think about additional ventilation.

When working with mineral wool yourself, you need to remember additional protective measures. These include protective clothing that covers arms and legs, protective masks, goggles and gloves. The same applies to polyurethane foam.

Preliminary thermal insulation of a timber house

Preliminary insulation of walls

Immediately after construction, wood shrinks, so in a wooden house, installation of partitions, interior decoration and insulation begins a year later, when shrinkage is greatest.
Immediately after construction, caulking is performed. For work, jute or linen insulation is used. It is correct to start caulking from the bottom crown and carry out work along the entire perimeter of the walls. If you do the preliminary insulation with your own hands first of one wall and then of the other, the shrinkage of the house may occur unevenly. After a year, the main insulation begins.

Preparatory stage of work

Wall treatment

If you plan to insulate the walls of an existing building, you need to make sure they are in good condition and free from serious defects. It is necessary to check the condition along the entire perimeter of the building. In places where there are significant gaps due to drying out of the wood, it is recommended to caulk the walls again.

After eliminating significant deficiencies, minor irregularities are corrected and the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust. If necessary, antiseptic treatment of walls is applied.

Due to the low resistance of the material to fire, it is also necessary to treat the wood with special compounds that prevent fire - fire retardants.

In damp rooms, to prevent damage to the walls, they are additionally protected with waterproofing compounds.

When insulating with penoplex, you do not need to use additional waterproofing.

Insulation technology

Do-it-yourself wall insulation work is carried out in the following order:

• installation of a waterproofing layer;
• installation of a wooden frame for attaching insulation;
• heat-insulating material;
• vapor barrier film;
• finishing.

To increase the thermal insulation characteristics when insulating with penoplex, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, you can apply a layer of “warm” plaster.

This highly effective composition with a thickness of 20 mm can replace 60 mm of ceramic brick or 40 mm of wood.

The waterproofing is rolled out along the perimeter of the walls and secured with a construction stapler. Next, install the sheathing under the insulation:

• first, the corners of the house are leveled and L-shaped racks are made;
• Next, the sheathing is made of bars with a section of 50 by 50 mm.

The sheathing ball is assigned based on the width of the insulation. When insulating with penoplex or polystyrene foam, the clean distance between the bars should be 60 cm. If mineral wool is used, the distance is reduced to 58 cm for a tight fit to the surface of the boards.

Installation of mineral wool

Installation of mineral wool

The material is secured using special anchors. They can be made of plastic or metal. To secure mineral wool, it is recommended to use disc-shaped metal dowels; they will ensure reliable connection of fairly heavy slabs to a vertical surface, since they are characterized by increased strength.

Installation of expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene includes penoplex and polystyrene foam. These materials can be secured using plastic dowels or adhesives. It is important to choose the right adhesive for polystyrene foam. If you plan to carry out work in wet areas, it must be resistant to water. The adhesive composition for walls should not contain the following components:

• solvents;
• formaldehyde;
• gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel;
• aggressive resins.

If this requirement is not met, the adhesive composition can destroy the insulation and worsen the thermal protection of the building. It is best to choose those compositions whose packaging indicates the possibility of use for polystyrene foam.

Insulation of floors and roofs

Only 50% of the heat loss of the entire building occurs through the walls.
To ensure maximum thermal protection, you will also need to insulate the following structures:

• floors on the ground;
• covering the first floor with a cold basement;
• attic floor, if there is a cold attic;
• roof in the presence of an attic floor.

Insulation is carried out mainly with the same materials as the walls. In the case of mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam, manufacturers produce different products designed for different types of structures. This must be taken into account when choosing a material.

General insulation of the house

Important points when insulating

It must be remembered that all of the above heat insulators, except mineral wool and ecowool, disrupt the natural ventilation of the room because they do not allow air to pass through. To ensure a normal microclimate, the following measures can be taken:

• regular ventilation of premises;
• forced ventilation device.

If all installation rules are followed and additional measures are taken to ensure normal temperature and humidity conditions in the premises, insulating a house from timber will allow you to significantly save on heating and avoid frequent repairs.

Wood is a good heat insulator. Despite this, the realities of our country’s climate require additional measures to prevent heat losses.

Insulating a house made of timber from the inside will allow you to:

• reduce heat loss;
• reduce operating costs for servicing thermal equipment.

“Pie” walls of a house made of timber with insulation from the inside

The choice of insulation method (internal or external) must be made at the design stage. Especially it concerns interior work, because installing thermal insulation reduces the area of ​​the room, affects the placement of heating, electrical, and plumbing equipment, and requires the organization of a ventilation system.

Features of choosing insulation

Before insulating a timber house from the inside, you need to select a suitable insulating material.

Characteristics that insulation must have:

• low thermal conductivity;
• low weight;
• vapor permeability;
• non-shrinkability;
• non-flammability;
• environmental friendliness;
• cheapness.

Mineral wool materials

Insulation of the walls of a log house is most often done with mineral insulation.

Advantages:

• light weight;
• fire safety;
• high vapor permeability;
• environmental friendliness;
• pest resistance;
• the presence of a foil layer (allows you to eliminate the installation of a vapor barrier);
• affordable price.

Thermal insulation with basalt wool inside a timber house

Features of insulators with different bases:

• Basalt wool is a non-shrinking material in the form of slabs (ISOLAYT, ISOLIGHT-L ROCKWALL, PAROC, Nobasil), non-hygroscopic, withstands temperatures up to 1000 °C.
• Fiberglass plates and rolls (Izover, Knauf, URSA) have a high water absorption rate. The use of vapor barrier membranes and waterproofing is required. Shrinkage of the material creates voids that affect thermal insulation.
• Ecowool - cellulose fibers (Isofloc, Termex, Ekovilla), slightly flammable, with antifungal and antibacterial properties due to the presence of boric acid. When water is added to a container with cotton wool, a composition is formed that is best applied to vertical surfaces using special equipment. Such adhesive compositions make it possible to thermally insulate geometrically complex structures.

Expanded polystyrene and penoplex

The materials are similar in chemical composition to polystyrene foam. Made from polystyrene granules. Penoplex has a more finely porous structure that is resistant to mechanical stress. Expanded polystyrene is closer in structure to polystyrene foam.

Advantages:

• Moisture-resistant insulation - does not require additional waterproofing.
• Non-toxic - there is no release of formaldehyde resins during operation.
• Low weight facilitates installation work.
• Resistance to fungi and mold. Doesn't rot.

Flaws:

• High flammability. Treatment with fire retardants does not improve the properties of the material.
• Low vapor permeability.
• Destroys when interacting with dichloroethane and benzene. When gluing to an insulated surface, the adhesive composition must be selected without containing solvents.
• The material is further processed chemical compounds to prevent the formation of mouse nests and insect infestation.

Thermal insulation of internal walls with foam plastic

Insulating a log house from the inside requires the use of vapor-permeable materials, so the use of expanded polystyrene and penoplex is undesirable. The resulting condensation between the insulator and the wood will lead to rotting of the wooden frame, mold will form, and fungus will appear.

Penoizol

Urea foam is produced in three forms:

• Liquid - resin, phosphoric acid and foaming agent after mixing are supplied under pressure to the insulated surface using special device. After hardening, a material similar to expanded polystyrene is formed.
• In sheets - liquid material poured into molds. It is then used as slab insulation.
• In the form of granules - obtained from defective sheets. It is used for insulating ceilings and floors.

Advantages of penoizol:

• Low thermal conductivity.
• Seamless filling eliminates the formation of cold bridges.
• Non-flammability.
• Moisture resistance.
• High noise absorption rates.
• Adhesion to all types of surfaces.
• Possibility of filling voids in walls and ceilings without dismantling the structure.
• Once cured, it is non-toxic.
• Saving time when performing work.
• Resists microorganisms.

• Low vapor permeability.
• The liquid insulator is applied using special equipment.
• The material is processed at temperatures from +5°C and above.
• Selection harmful substances during the process of spraying onto the surface and during the hardening period.

Insulation with foam insulation inside a timber house

Stages of internal insulation of a timber house

If it was not possible to sufficiently insulate a house made of timber from the outside, then in order to reduce energy costs to maintain a healthy microclimate in the premises, it is necessary to carry out a number of manipulations with the involvement of specialists or do the work yourself. The following stages can be distinguished:

• preparatory work;
• floor insulation;
• insulate walls;
• insulation of the ceiling and roof.

Preparing the room for insulation

Before carrying out the main work, perform:

• Removing dust and dirt from the surface of the log house.
• Elimination of chips, gaps, cracks by:
  • flax tow;
  • jute fiber;
  • polyurethane foam;
  • compositions based on polymers.
• Treating wood with a liquid fire-retardant compound.

Wall insulation work

To understand how to insulate walls from the inside in a log house, you need to understand the processes that will occur after installing the insulating “pie”.

Warm air, steamy, from the room will tend to the cold zone - to the wall and ceiling. When a cold surface is reached, condensation occurs (dew forms). Getting wood and insulation wet is an undesirable process.

Layered “pie” for thermal insulation of a wooden house

How to properly insulate a house to prevent destruction of the structure, insulating materials, and the formation of a favorable environment for microorganisms:

• Organization of the ventilation gap. It must be made at least 30 mm between the wall and the insulation layer. On the insulated surface, a lath is made of timber.
• Attaching a waterproofing (vapor-permeable) membrane to the ventilation grille with a stapler.
• Installation of a box for placing insulation between the bars.
• Insulation laying “by surprise”. The size of the insulator should exceed the linear dimensions of the cells by 1.5–2 cm (for mineral wool).
• Make installation vapor barrier film. This step can be eliminated when choosing foil insulating material.
• Organization of the outer decorative layer.

Timber, wood materials used for internal insulation premises are treated with a fire-retardant compound before installation.

Scheme for attaching insulation to a wooden wall

Waterproofing

The main mistake when deciding how to properly insulate a house made of timber arises from confusion: where and in what sequence vapor barrier and waterproofing materials are installed.

Waterproofing membranes perform the function of protecting the insulating layer from condensation or moisture penetrating through the ceilings. The porous structure of the film allows leaking steam to escape from the insulation, but protects the protection from water penetration.

You can buy material with different characteristics on the market.

Types of waterproofing:

• Pseudo-diffusion - vapor permeability 20–300 g/sq.m.
• Diffusion (Tyvek Soft, Izospan AM, Delta Vent) and superdiffusion (Eurobarrier) membranes: vapor permeability 400–1000 g/sq.m. The difference is the ability to release steam. The prefix “Super” means improved properties of the material.
• Volumetric separators diffusion membranes(Delta Trela) – polypropylene non-woven material with a three-dimensional volumetric structure. Ideal when working with metal roofing. The disadvantage is the high price.

The material is attached between the wall (ceiling) and the insulation. To avoid confusion during installation, manufacturers mark the surface of the material. The membrane installation technology is carried out according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Vapor barrier

Steam in a room is the result of human activity: breathing, cooking, cleaning, hygiene procedures. Convection humid air, its movement from a warm zone to a cold one is the cause of condensation on cold walls.

To insulate the house from the inside, film protection is installed, which:

• prevents steam from entering the insulating layer,
• prevents the formation of condensation.

Vapor barrier films cover the insulating layer on the decorative side.

Types of vapor barrier:

• PVC film - cheap material, easily stretches and tears. It is advisable to insulate walls during seasonal living.
• Reinforced polyethylene is more durable due to the reinforcing viscose fibers.
• Foil materials - a thin layer of metal is applied to fiberglass, paper, polyethylene foam. Helps reflect heat into the room. This material is good for insulating baths and saunas.

Installing a vapor barrier will prevent condensation and steam from entering the insulating layer

The films are fastened with an overlap (~15 cm) using a stapler onto the frame for the insulation. The joints and the area of ​​the brackets are taped with a special tape.

The foil material is fastened with reinforced aluminum tape. Holes for wiring and pipes must be sealed.

Application vapor barrier materials inside the house impairs the removal of vapors from the premises. The presence of properly organized ventilation and airing will create a good microclimate.

Insulation of floors and ceilings

Regardless of how to insulate the house from the outside or from the inside, work to block the flow of cold from the floor, ceiling (ceilings) must be carried out. Heat leakage through these surfaces amounts to up to 25% of the total volume. Measures to reduce heat loss are carried out as the foundation or ceiling is constructed.

The technology for thermal insulation of horizontal surfaces is the same:

• Attached to the joists cranial bars, on which the subfloor is laid.
• Treatment of wood with bio-, fire protection.
• The waterproofing is laid on the resulting surface and attached to the sides of the joist.
• Insulation (mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, penoizol) is laid between the joists.
• Attaching the vapor barrier.
• Installation of finished floor.

A floor insulated with foam insulation does not require the use of a vapor barrier film. Can I use foam? Yes, but using waterproofing.

Roof insulation

If there is an attic floor, installation of thermal insulation is carried out in the same way as insulation of walls indoors. The procedure for performing the work is identical. Nuances:

• It is important to choose the right insulation and thermal insulation thickness.
• The use of polystyrene foam is not permitted.
• Steam and waterproofing are laid overlapping in the horizontal direction.
• The ventilation gap must be at least 40 mm.
• The roofing is done with perforated soffits.
• Requires installation of a ventilated ridge.

Conclusion

Insulation of a residential building made of wooden beams is urgent need. You cannot completely rely on the excellent thermal insulation properties of a wooden structure. Especially if the walls are not thick enough. During severe and prolonged frosts, freezing will occur and, accordingly, cooling of living quarters will occur. There will be a need to compensate for the leaking heat, that is, heating costs will increase.

If you are going to build a wooden house, then the relevant question is how to insulate it from the inside. This point must be taken into account at the design stage.

Any wooden building requires mandatory insulation both outside and inside.

The work is being carried out in stages. The process should include:

• preparation of the working surface;
• leveling and sealing cracks;
• production of a vapor barrier;
• installation of sheathing (it is installed on load-bearing walls);
• laying the heat insulator and sealing it;
• production of ventilation system;
• performing interior decoration of the premises.

Thermal insulation of walls

To fill the cracks you will need jute fiber.

To complete the first stage, you need to use special compounds with antifungal and antiseptic effects. The treatment must be carried out very carefully, only in this case the walls will be maximally protected from negative impact environment.

You will need jute fiber to fill the gaps. Fill all the cavities inside the walls with it using a special chisel. If there are large cracks in the surface of the walls, then they need to be filled with tape tow, which is rolled up before being placed in the cavity.

To prevent the accumulation of moisture that enters from the inside, it is necessary to create a vapor barrier in the thickness of the wood. To do this, the entire surface of the walls that will be insulated is covered with a special film.

Next is the sheathing load-bearing walls. This is also a multi-step process. First of all, they are manufactured vertical racks made of timber, which are installed in the corners, with a cross-section of 5x10 cm and the same length as the height of the room. Along the edge of this beam there is a beam of the same length, but with a cross-section of 5x5 cm. The beams are fastened together with self-tapping screws. The result should be a stand in the shape of the letter “L”. Such racks are installed in all corners. They must be positioned strictly vertically; a level is used for this. When the racks are installed, vertical bars with a section of 5x5 cm should be mounted between them at a distance of about 60 cm.

Insulation is laid on the mounted sheathing. Most often, mineral wool is used for this purpose. It needs to be cut into strips, the width of which will be 1-2 cm greater than the distance between the vertical bars. Fix the insulation with anchors to the wall. It is necessary to fill all the empty space between the sheathing beams with insulation. After this, another layer of waterproofing film is stretched over the insulation.

After the second layer vapor barrier membrane will be taut, you can perform interior decoration houses made of timber. Sheathing the inside of the house is done after the film is secured to the sheathing beams. You can use a construction stapler for this. 3x4 cm bars are mounted on top of the staples used for fixation.

The interior cladding of the house is made of wooden paneling. This will allow for additional wall insulation. In this case, the interior will be maintained in characteristic style houses made of timber. Can be used instead of lining and plank. Externally, this material resembles a small beam. Its installation is best done horizontally.

High-quality insulation of a house made of timber is impossible without creating an effective ventilation system.

This will allow you to maintain comfortable humidity in the room. Ventilation system forced type necessary because wall insulation will increase humidity in the room. Perfect option such a system is a network hidden channels, which will be discharged into the attic. Forced circulation air can be provided by a low-power fan. It will be enough to turn it on for 25-30 minutes a day to create conditions that are comfortable for staying in the house.

Among the advantages of houses made of timber are the naturalness of the wall material, environmental friendliness and good ventilation. Despite the advantages, over time the thermal conductivity of such buildings decreases, larger gaps form in the walls, and drafts begin to appear. Warm air quickly leaves the home. To solve this problem, additional insulation of a timber house is necessary.

You need to insulate your home with non-flammable, environmentally friendly and durable material. To choose the right one, you should familiarize yourself with the features of each insulation. You can do the job efficiently only after familiarizing yourself with the main points regarding insulation.

The first step is always to prepare the surface for further work. First, you need to evaluate the walls and check how well all previous activities were carried out. At the joints there may be formed small cracks, defects. It is better to fix all this at the first stage. After construction, the house will shrink, because the lack of caulking, small cracks are sealed up.

The initial stage includes the removal of all foreign elements that may interfere with the insulation of a wooden house made of timber. If the work is done inside, all hanging structures are removed and the surface is cleared. External measures include the removal of all nearby plantings that touch the house. In both cases, dust and dirt are removed.

After cleaning the walls, they are treated with a fire retardant solution and an antiseptic. Coat several times, use a roller for this. With a brush you can get to hard to reach places. After the walls have dried, their condition is assessed and the need for additional caulking is required. Cracks are repaired with jute fiber and a chisel.

Important! No thermal insulator will make a house better if it has large cracks and chips. Work does not begin until they are completely eliminated.

Insulation of walls in a timber house

After carrying out the above measures, you can begin insulating the walls. The material is selected, the possibility of carrying out work outside and inside is assessed. Under consideration best option. To choose the right one, you need to familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of each method.

Advantages and disadvantages of internal and external wall insulation

The first advantage of internal insulation is its low cost. Not required here special devices to rise to greater heights. The turnaround time is much shorter. You can make the walls much smoother. Fulfill necessary actions possible at any time of the year.

But there are disadvantages:

• You have to sacrifice living space if you use a volumetric insulation material.
• The dew point shifts, moisture condensation takes place in a different plane. If the work is done incorrectly, this can lead to freezing of the walls, or their constant moisture. The offset of the point will be inside the room. For external insulation - outwards.
• There is a risk of mold formation and blackening of the walls.
• The cracks and joints that are located outside the house will still have to be sealed.

The main advantage of external insulation is higher efficiency. The materials used will preserve more heat. The dew point moves outward, so the walls will not become moldy. The useful volume of the room does not decrease. Disadvantages: high cost compared to internal option works; seasonality and weather dependence.

Choosing a material for external insulation of a timber house

For high-quality insulation, it is worth considering the features of each insulation. They differ in characteristics, service life, degree of environmental friendliness and installation features. The price of products varies greatly.

Mineral wool and its analogues

Using this insulation, you can carry out work inside and outside the house. The material is “breathable”, which is necessary for wooden walls. The material is not destroyed by rodents and insects, and mold does not grow on the surface.

In addition to the above, there are advantages:

• relatively low thermal conductivity;
• high degree of sound insulation;
• ease;
• ease of work;
• low cost;
• environmental cleanliness.

The main disadvantage is the ability to accumulate moisture. If the wool is wet, its characteristics drop significantly. It dries out long time, sometimes not completely. After this the composition becomes heavy. If the fixation was not secure enough, it may move downward under its own weight.

Insulation of the façade of a timber house should only be done using ventilated façade technology. Installation of reliable vapor barrier is required.

It’s worth figuring out how to insulate a house made of timber in order to prevent typical mistakes during work. You can use polystyrene foam for external and internal insulation. The advantages are low cost, low thermal conductivity. Installation is simple and convenient. It has good hygroscopicity.

Additional Information! When purchasing, you should pay attention to the tightness of the grains in the block. The higher the strength, the better the insulation performs its functions.

The main disadvantage is high flammability. This is especially important to consider when work is carried out in a wooden house. Birds and small rodents love to eat foam.

This insulation is similar in properties to the previous one. It is distinguished by its execution technology, due to which performance characteristics grow significantly. The cost is also higher.

Advantages:

• high performance characteristics;
• does not accumulate moisture in the structure;
• not destroyed by rodents or mold;
• has high strength;
• The installation process is simple and fast.

Among the disadvantages is the high cost. You can use not just any adhesive, but only a certain adhesive composition for fixing to the walls. It is necessary to install high-quality ventilation of the room, because EPS does not allow air to pass through and natural ventilation wooden house will be damaged.

Foamed polyethylene

Foil polyethylene can be wrapped with a protective membrane on one or both sides. It is used for insulation outside and inside the house. It is usually used not as the main one, but as an additional insulation. When answering the question of whether it is necessary to insulate a house made of 200x200 mm timber, it is worth considering not the thickness of the walls, but how well they retain heat. Perhaps you need minimal insulation to create an ideal indoor microclimate.

Has advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• hygroscopicity;
• high noise insulation;
• high performance characteristics.

Disadvantages include flexibility. Reliable gluing to the surface will be required so as not to reduce the quality of the work performed. Gluing can only be done with special compounds.

Spray polyurethane foam

In fact, the material is ordinary polyurethane foam. It is applied from a special container, not with a gun. A positive feature is the possibility of insulation inside and outside the house. Moisture is not absorbed into the surface. Has high thermal insulation characteristics. There is no need to pre-prepare the walls, just apply the composition to the cleaned surface and it will remain hanging until it hardens. No fasteners or sheathing are needed. The layer will be continuous.

The disadvantage is the price of the insulation. It is significantly higher than its analogues. Without the use of special equipment, the work cannot be completed. Further processing is required, since the composition is destroyed under the influence of sun rays. He becomes fragile.

An insulation composition with outside objects. It does not react to negative environmental factors, is durable, and does not require fastening. The material is highly hydrophobic. Seamless connection can be made. There is no need for further restoration. The material allows air to pass through well, so additional ventilation is not needed.

The service life declared by the manufacturers is 15-20 years, but after 5-7 years the composition loses about 30% of its thermal insulation characteristics.

Fire safety is low. To use it, you need special equipment, which is expensive.

Windproof boards Isoplat based on wood fiber

Such plates are quite popular in Europe.

They have advantages:

• provide high wind protection;
• high paper permeability. It is advisable to use the material in places with a cool climate. In hot weather, it will interfere with normal ventilation of the premises;
• good thermal insulation properties. The indicator is higher than the level of basalt wool;
• high strength. The material adheres well to the surface of the house, but it is not easy to break;
• reliability. The material does not lose its characteristics after some time of use. Properties are maintained throughout the entire service life. Exposure to sunlight does not affect the quality of the insulation;
• high heat capacity.

Advantages windproof boards obvious, but there are some drawbacks. Their cost is much higher than traditional insulation materials . It is advisable to use them only in places with cold climates, because they do not allow air to pass through well.

Folgizol

The material stands out among traditional insulating materials due to its characteristics. He has high degree thermal insulation, sound insulation. To compare, approximately 10 mm of foil insulation provides the same heat retention as 45 mm of mineral wool or 150x150 mm of brick. Sound and vapor barrier indicators are also excellent.

The composition weighs very little, its installation is convenient. It is elastic, it will not be difficult to close any curves in the walls. It is resistant to any chemical influences, protected from mold and mildew, and is not attractive to insects and rodents. The service life is 80 years, during which the performance characteristics will not decrease. Not used in production harmful to humans substances. No odor, no toxicity.

The disadvantage is low vapor permeability. For wooden structure this is not very good - the walls will stop “breathing”. Answer the question of how to insulate timber house, one sentence will not work. There are many options, something for everyone.

SIP panels

The panels are perfect as a base for walls. In comparison, it would take 2.5 m of brick to achieve the same degree of heat loss as 15 cm of panels.

Picture 8. Heat transfer resistance of materials.

Other positive characteristics:

• high degree of sound insulation. The thickness of the material is small, but the penetration of noise from the street is almost completely eliminated;
• low weight of material;
• high construction speed. When using SIP panels, it will take 3 weeks to build a cottage with an area of ​​about 50 m2.

The material is usually not used as insulation. It can be used to build a full-fledged home. Disadvantages include flammability and the presence of additives that are not considered environmentally friendly. The panels are susceptible to attacks by rodents.

Interventional insulation

The correct choice of interventional insulation depends on the needs in each individual case.

Can be determined important points things to pay attention to:

• If the house is being built in the fall, jute should be used. Synthetic materials are not used. There is almost no shrinkage of structures in winter; condensation forms. Therefore, the insulator must allow air to pass through well. Synthetics do not have this property.
• If there are people in the family with allergies, it makes sense to purchase linen materials. They do not have an allergenic effect. Linen is not used in cool climates. For example, he will not be able to endure the Siberian winter.
• If in the house for a long time There are no plans to produce external cladding; it makes sense to use synthetic insulation models. They do not deteriorate when exposed to active sunlight.

Good interventional insulation has a number of advantages:

• equal thickness over the entire surface;
• not exposed to rodents and insects;
• after fixing with logs, it does not erode;
• different thicknesses of products allow you to select the optimal sample for each joint;
• insulators retain positive characteristics regardless of the time of year.

The disadvantages of inter-crown insulation appear if the wrong composition is chosen. For example, when a non-porous product is selected, and the wall stops allowing air to pass through, ventilation will be impaired. Any options are suitable for a wooden house, because the walls themselves allow air to pass through, and insulation cannot greatly limit this property.

Additional Information! It is advisable not to use interventional insulation as the main ones. If your home loses a lot of heat, you can use them to achieve initial insulation. It is advisable to select other modern materials as the main ones.

Rules for external insulation of a wooden house

Any tree absorbs moisture. Even impregnation cannot completely eliminate the hygroscopicity of wood. If ventilation is normally arranged in the home, then the moisture will quickly evaporate without affecting negative influence for construction, the comfortable microclimate will remain. If the gas exchange process is disrupted, the tree swells, and fungus and mold develop.

To avoid encountering the problems listed above, you need to follow the rules:

• do not insulate damp walls;
• use only vapor-permeable insulation;
• thermal insulation materials must be covered on both sides with waterproofing, if it is not present in the layer of the insulation itself;
• leave a gap between the final finish and the insulation.

If the walls are only going to be painted after insulation, or only the seams are insulated, the paint or sealant should also be chosen to be vapor-permeable. The compositions can be used on acrylic base. Before insulation, the surface should be well prepared, cleaned, and repaired.

Additional Information! It is important to ensure that no wood-boring beetles remain in the wall, which can severely destroy the building. Under the additional layer they will continue to destroy the structure; nothing will stop them from reproducing. Over time, the wood will completely deteriorate and become unusable.

Hinged ventilated facade

They have a number of advantages. Among them are the absence of the possibility of dampness and a reduction in the amount of building materials. The insulation of the structure is very effective. Finishing work You can do whatever you want on top, there are no restrictions. The building does not overheat in summer due to proper ventilation.

The negative aspects are the need to inspect the supporting structures. The work must be carried out by specialists; it will be difficult to carry out all the actions correctly on your own.

If you decide to do the work yourself, proceed in the following sequence:

• Arrangement of sheathing. The bars are installed such that insulation materials fit between them normally. The maximum thickness is considered to be 10 cm. The distance between them should not be more than 60 cm, although it should be calculated based on the size of the insulation. Secure with self-tapping screws.
• Installation of insulation. It is advisable to use elastic plates. The distance between the bars will be such that they fit tightly between the beams.
• Installation of wind protection. It is attached to the bars using a stapler. Attach to the insulation with double-sided tape.
• Installation of the second sheathing. Bars measuring 5x5 cm are enough. They are fixed on wooden blocks the first sheathing.
• Installation of a block house and other materials for external cladding.
• Final surface treatment. All components are sanded and adjusted to remove wood fibers. After completing this type of work, a layer of paint or varnish is applied.

Wooden houses are insulated with thermowood, block house, plank, and wood-look porcelain tiles.

Laying insulation under siding

The main thing is the absence of gaps between the material. Place them evenly without bending them. The material should not bulge or go beyond the boundaries of the bars. Initially, you need to prepare the surface: remove all elements that may interfere with the process: drainpipes, lanterns and more. Then the surface is cleaned of contaminants.

The frame that will hold the siding elements must be impregnated with an antiseptic. It is advisable to use wooden blocks rather than metal elements. The metal collects condensation, which will turn into ice in winter. As a standard, bars with a cross section of 50x50 mm are taken.

Mineral wool, suitable as insulation, weighs quite a lot. It is secured between the installed beams using dowels. A film is installed on top of the insulating material, protecting it from steam from the inside and water from the outside. Secure with a stapler.

First, the insulation lathing is performed. The bars are arranged vertically in level. Insulation is laid inside, and a counter sheathing is placed on top. Its pitch is 40-50 cm. The bars are vertical. The last action will create a ventilated gap between the sheets and fix the mineral wool sheets.

Polyurethane foam spraying method

To install this type of insulation, use special tools. The composition comes from 2 containers containing polyol and polyisocyanate. They are mixed in a sprayer and fall on the walls.

Installation is carried out in the following sequence:

• After preparatory work mounted wooden sheathing. The distance is 30 cm.
• The space between the bars is filled with foam. Application is done from bottom to top.
• If you need to move to another place, the gun turns off. If it is necessary to apply several layers, the next one is performed only after the previous one has hardened.
• The insulation should not protrude beyond the boundaries of the sheathing. Any irregularities after application are carefully removed with a knife.
• After the insulation hardens, the walls are covered with reinforcing mesh.
• Finishing is in progress.

It is difficult to do the work yourself, even if you have special equipment. Usually specialists are involved.

Internal insulation

Expanded clay or sand are used as the simplest materials for floor insulation in a wooden house. They are placed in a layer on top of the subfloor, which is used as an additional base. The surface is not exposed to fungi and microorganisms. The main disadvantage is the loss of hygroscopicity over time.

Insulation of floors

From modern materials For floor insulation, you can use mineral wool, ecowool, fiberglass, polystyrene foam or penoplex and others. It is worth considering the pros and cons of each composition in order to make the right choice.

When insulating the floor in a house made of timber, it is important to take into account the purpose of the room, the average temperature and humidity. Don't forget about the load on the surface.

The work is divided into stages:

• The subfloor is laid along the joists. The main advantage of the design is that the insulation material is not subject to any mechanical load. You can use any insulation composition. Make from unhewn boards with a cross-section of at least 25x150 mm. The tree must be treated with an antiseptic.
• Wooden logs should not reach the walls by about 3-4 cm. They can be placed on a foundation, a wooden pad or posts (depending on what is available). A rough beam with a cross section of 50x50 mm is attached to them and nailed to it at the bottom rough boards. There should be no large gaps between them. You can use screws for fastening.
• Insulation is being installed. Glass, eco-, mineral wool or other insulation materials fit tightly onto the wooden base between the lags. The remaining space is filled with polyurethane foam.
• A layer of waterproofing is laid. Wet areas of the house must be insulated, or in the case of hygroscopic compounds (fiberglass, mineral wool, ecowool). If sprayed insulation is used, waterproofing may not be installed.

Waterproofing is found in the form of impregnation, paint or adhesive. Depending on the choice, it is fixed on the surface layer of the resulting pie.

• Vapor barrier is installed. Immediately overlapping the previous layer. The edges protrude 10-15 cm beyond the borders and are glued to the joists. The joints are closed with metallized tape.
• The finished floor is laid and final finishing is carried out. It needs to be fixed at a distance of several cm from the rough. To do this, use boards 10-14 cm wide and 3-4 cm thick. They should have channels at the bottom for natural ventilation.

Wall insulation

You should not insulate the walls of a house from the inside with materials that do not allow air to pass through: polystyrene foam, penoizol, extruded polystyrene foam. They are able to create a “greenhouse” effect. You will have to spend money on installing air conditioners to remove moisture from the walls. It is optimal to use mineral wool.

After carrying out the preparatory work, impregnating the walls with an antiseptic solution, a wind and waterproofing layer is installed. It will prevent weathering and moisture penetration from the outside of the home. It is better to use a vapor diffusion membrane for this.

The material will not allow the penetration of liquids and will not stop the movement of steam and air. The waterproofing layer is fixed to the walls using a construction stapler. The overlap at the joints is at least 10 cm and is taped.

• Installed wooden frame. The width between the racks is selected based on the width of the insulation. Make the distance 2 cm smaller than the plates so that the material fits tightly.
• The thickness of the frame is 2-3 cm more materials to ensure ventilation. Mineral wool or other substance is laid.
• Plastic dowels are used for fastening.

Answering the question of how to insulate a timber house for winter accommodation, it is worth taking into account climatic conditions. A variety of insulation materials that are attached according to the specified pattern are suitable. Upon completion of the work, a vapor barrier layer is installed. Typically the membranes are secured with staples.

Final stage - fine finishing. The layer should not interfere with the passage of air flow through the surface. It is advisable not to use plastic options.

Roof insulation

Work in the attic is carried out in the following sequence:

• A vapor barrier layer is installed. The canvases are overlapped by 15-20 cm over the entire surface. They should be glued with tape and secured with staples to the beams. When using polyurethane foam or other similar compounds, this step is not necessary.
• Insulation is being installed. If it is ecowool, the measures are carried out using the spraying method. In other cases, all boards are dismantled so that the material covers the entire surface attic space. When using mineral wool and similar substances, the installation must be tight.
• Waterproofing is being installed. Be sure to overlap, adjacent strips are connected with waterproof tape.
• Additional beams are installed on which the finishing coating is fixed.

Mistakes when insulating a timber house

The insulation of a log house from the inside is often carried out with errors, after which the material does not fulfill the task assigned to it.

The following typical deviations from the rules are common:

• Lack of control over the condition of the walls. Over time, traces of various types of damage remain on wood. Before insulation begins, after which there will be no access to the surface of the walls, it is necessary to carry out all the specified measures. Only then proceed to the next stage.
• Inattention to caulking of walls. Perhaps, thanks to a couple of defects in this part, the house began to leak. After correcting the problems associated with this item, the home becomes much warmer.
• Insulation of the log house from the inside. If it is possible to carry out work outside, it should be done this way.
• Wrong choice of thermal insulation material. Mineral wool, glass wool and any type of polystyrene foam are ideal for wood.
• Improper storage of materials. Thermal insulation must be dry. Only then do the compositions perform their function completely.
• Wrong choice of materials. Hard insulation is used for vertical surfaces, and soft analogues are used for floors and ceilings.

In addition to the listed errors, there are incorrect choice insulation thickness. For log house V middle lane Russia needs a couple of layers of materials 50 mm thick, which are laid one on top of the other. The material provided will help you understand how to properly insulate a house made of timber.