An example of a smoke removal project on a car. Automation of smoke removal systems - example of a project

The equipment is manufactured taking into account the requirements of industry regulations and state standards. Production is carried out by responsible companies that have modern equipment and a staff of professional employees.

  • CJSC NPF "Agrostroy". On the market since 1991, engaged in the design, manufacture and installation of electrical and electronic products. Produces programmable controllers, remote and local control panels, control sensors various parameters, control equipment for smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems, automation panels, filter balancing devices, control boxes electric drives etc.
  • UNITEST. Has been engaged in its own development and production for more than 20 years automatic systems against fire safety, products by technical parameters corresponds to world analogues. Implements UNITRONIK and MINITRONIC addressable analog alarm systems with automatic programming, a HOME ALONE smoke detector, and takes into account the requirements for a smoke removal system in a multi-story building.
  • NPO "Siberian Arsenal" products have been on the market since 1992, designs and produces a full range of equipment for fire and security alarms, products meet the international requirements of ISO 9001. Manufactures detectors and control devices, automatic fire extinguishing equipment, wired and wireless detectors, electrical installation and control cabinets.
  • NVP "BOLID". Over the years of its existence, it has mastered the production of more than 150 instruments and equipment for ventilation systems, fire safety, video surveillance and management of building utilities. Advanced developments are carried out by highly qualified engineers and programmers.

Smoke removal system from NVP Bolide

  • EuroVentGroup LLC. Engaged in the design, manufacture and installation of ventilation systems for buildings for various purposes.
  • SVOC. It has its own design department and modern production facilities, develops and manufactures a set of equipment for ventilation systems.
  • LLC NEMZ "TAYRA". More than 500 professional employees, has offices in foreign countries. It produces both complex systems and individual equipment and automation for the installation of air ducts.

The most famous smoke removal systems

All modern systems are integrated, i.e. exist together with other security systems: fire and burglar alarm. The most commonly used systems will be the above-listed systems Bolide S2000, Granit from NPO Siberian Arsenal and others. However, due to the complexity of modernizing such equipment in “old” houses, you can also find the following types:

  1. IUK-31. The universal controller from the Agrostroy company can be used not only to remove dangerous smoke from the room, but also other engineering systems. It has a fire safety certificate and supports the popular ModBUS network protocol.
  2. Unitronic 496. It is an addressable analogue receiving and control device and is used for security and fire alarm, as well as control of fire automatics. Based on Unitronic 496, you can assemble a security and fire alarm system, a smoke removal system, set up sound and light warnings and gas control in the parking lot.
  3. GAPU-2. Installed in buildings with a height of 14–25 floors, it can be controlled in manual or automatic modes (when receiving a signal from two sensors). Additionally, signals are sent to the dispatcher's console and mechanisms for lowering elevators from the upper to the first floor. Sections of the house have a separate closet; dampers, valves and heat sensors are installed on the floors.
  4. OPZHR. For high-rise buildings, has several modifications. It can function automatically or be controlled by a dispatcher. The system includes sensors, packet switches, control and alarm buttons, valves or dampers.
  5. ShPS-MV. Automatically or manually starts air fans and closes smoke dampers. For high-rise buildings, it has full set control sensors and control valves.
  6. PPSDU-32A. Universal parting control and management smoke control systems, can perform automatic analysis of the technical condition and warn about detected system malfunctions.
  7. USPP-48. A fire alarm and starting device is connected to smoke removal from buildings of various heights. Monitors the status of up to 48 individual alarm loops with detectors and control equipment.

Scheme of AAPC Unitronic 496

In all modern shopping centers, mallah, sports grounds, business centers and other places with a large number of people, you can often find smoke removal systems built on equipment from such manufacturers as Honeywell, Sauter, JCI, Siemens, TAC and others.

Technical requirements for the system and smoke exhaust valves

Requirements for systems are specified in Federal Law No. 123-FZ and industry regulations regulatory documents. Specifications equipment, control and operation must ensure:

  • The effectiveness of smoke removal from rooms, corridors, elevators, shafts and other means of evacuation of people, if such are provided for in the building plan. The main requirements for the systems are the safe evacuation of people, localization or elimination of the source of fire, preservation of material assets and property. Depending on the initial calculation data, the number, type and power of fans are selected.
  • Ensuring functionality in the event of a stationary power failure.
  • Possibility of connection additional equipment in case of modernization or expansion of systems coverage areas. New equipment must be connected to smoke removal with minimal loss of time and financial resources.

Ventilation and smoke removal should ensure not only the safe evacuation of people, but also create conditions for fire extinguishing by special services.

Requirements for system valves are specified in SNiP 41.01-2001. In terms of stability, the mechanisms must meet the following parameters:

  • EI 45– for the premises in which they are directly installed;
  • EI 30– spruce air ducts of ventilation systems are used as branches from the main ones or directly in technological shafts.

The valves must ensure the removal of smoke both from the source of fire and from adjacent rooms, reduce the suction of air flow into the channels from other floors or rooms and provide the required amount of supply fresh air. Can be square or round section, metal or plastic. Controlled automatically or manually. The standby position can be permanently closed or open; the specific parameter depends on the installation location and the characteristics of the system.

Anti-smoke ventilation is a system-forming set of measures to remove smoke and toxic gases from enclosed spaces. Usually, this system installed in crowded places where access to fresh air is not provided. Examples of use: production areas, entrances, airlocks, etc.

In this article we will talk about functions exhaust ventilation, the principles of its operation, design stages and an example of installation, and we will also talk about such an important component as natural air exchange.

The main task of eliminating smoke seems to be, first of all, saving people, for which methods have been developed for localizing sources of smog formation (from practice, no more than 1600 m2 per installation).

It is absolutely impossible to calculate the effectiveness of protection down to the screw, due to the multitude of reactions, turbulence, adhesion, and the emergence of new chemical formations. Therefore, the areas are divided into zones. The combination of containers for receiving var should be determined by the number of holes, valves, and the area of ​​the blockade with curtains 2.5 m from the floor.

A set of equipment to counteract carbon monoxide differs from fan equipment in its ability to withstand temperature loads of up to 500 degrees, at speeds of up to 11 m/sec. With productivity up to 8000 m/3.

The organization of the protection order is included in the enterprise of security measures and is fixed by the relevant regulations and orders for enterprises. Planning of the volumetric part of structures, individual machines and drives has always been subject to the requirements of Federal Law 123 SP.13130.2009.

Fog, clouds, pitch have one nature - the smallest particles of water, solids. Being in a suspended state, they turn into a single physical body, obeying the laws of physics.

Thoughtful methods for removing smoke from rooms where there is no access to air along the routes of accumulation and evacuation of people during a fire are mandatory for general security. Exhibitions, cinema halls, closed parking lots, marked by the presence of people, present a constant cycle of refreshing flows.

During open combustion, harmful compounds are formed, filled with tiny microparticles of smog and ash, which must be removed from the ventilated object.

Issues arising in this regard can be resolved with the help of SNiP - developments according to sanitary standards, rules of installation, operation and order. In other cases, according to design features The placement of equipment to eliminate burning is provided outside buildings - on roofs, in special shafts. Combination of input and output, accounting of capacities, non-standard situations.

As an example:

  • Capacity from 10,000 cubic meters per hour.
  • Thermal conditions are no more than 500 degrees for one hour of operation and no more than two at a temperature of 300 Celsius.
  • Protective measures to preserve equipment.

Natural air exchange

A necessary condition for natural air exchange is supply and exhaust shafts and air ducts, which perform the function of balancing the inflow and outflow of hoods. Creation of draft based on the difference in heat indoors and outdoors is carried out at general requirements to tightness and adequacy throughput. At the same time, the requirements of sanitary and technical safety standards are taken into account.

It is necessary to pay attention to such things as:

  • accounting of number of storeys,
  • relativity of the position of surrounding structures,
  • sound effects,
  • cleanliness of the environment.

The maximum noise level is 51 dBa.

In the summer, it happens that the natural order of ventilation stops working due to the lack of differences and pressure. Accordingly, there is a need for forced ventilation. Classic version consists of three outputs:

  • Influx;
  • Hood;
  • Supply and exhaust suspension extraction complex.

Depending on the nature of air exchange, there is:

  • local ventilation;
  • general purpose.

The first class includes tabletop and window appliances. The second category includes systems that create the movement of gases throughout the entire area of ​​the facility. Table and window vents are ductless. In the second case, we mean channel devices with circulation through special channels. The channel type can be either separate or monoblock in one housing. Functionally, these types are divided into recuperative and recirculating (have recirculation).

Other varieties:

  • heated;
  • with mixed cooling in summer;
  • with air conditioning.

Design stages

Anti-smoke ventilation unit carried out during the construction stage - actually initial stage. For this reason, designers supervise the work individually, implying high quality work comparable to SNiP: Formation of documentation and drawings, development of norms and operating rules in relation to objects - painstaking matters, requiring the participation of specialists high class(both engineers and installers). Both must have permits, and the organization must have a license.

Algorithm for designing smoke exhaust ventilation:

  1. Studying all sections of the documentation.
  2. Layout of the list of rooms with equipment.
  3. Determination of external flow supply locations.
  4. Inspection of existing enterprises.
  5. Site visit.
  6. Calculation of supply volumes.
  7. Selecting an equipment group.
  8. Link to the project.
  9. Typing an axonometric drawing.
  10. Analysis of the specifics of mechanisms.

It is necessary to draw up drawings by floor and already existing installations, as well as documents on security measures.

Smoke control devices are indirectly responsible for:

  • fire blockade
  • ensuring smoke reduction in evacuation zones,
  • creating conditions for firefighters to work,
  • decrease in temperature,
  • fire control,
  • opening of hatches,
  • ventilation,
  • maintaining the gas-air composition in normal condition.

Upon completion of the installation of smoke ventilation, the customer is given a package of documents with working drawings attached. It wouldn’t hurt to do some modeling various situations on the computer. Based on the list described above, it is easy to guess how many specialists are involved in the implementation of the plan. In addition, the large weight of thermal insulation materials requires additional calculations of loads on bearing structures until the end of their operation.

A passive method of fighting a fire is to turn off ventilation and block the paths of gas distribution. Active (dynamic) counteraction to the source consists of controlling air flows.

In car parks closed type A combination of two types of soot removal is used: channel and jet. With reversible and non-reversible units for removing combustion products, installation is carried out on one car.

Statistics

IN Russian Federation 10-12 people die in fires every hour. A small spark or careless negligence is sometimes enough to cause tragically irreversible consequences—human casualties.

It is believed that most people die from burns, being burned in fire. However, this is not the case. Experience suggests a much larger proportion of deaths from poisoning or suffocation. The decay products form hellish mixtures of stench and toxic inclusions.

Resolving this problem is one of the most pressing tasks for firefighters, design engineers and doctors. Creating reliable fire fighting systems is the primary function of all extinguishing systems.

How to make ventilation in a private house Everything about ventilation in an apartment building

Drawings A.1-1
Total information
Fundamental technology system

List of equipment



P-1 ventilation system control cabinet. General form. Wiring diagram


Scheme external connections
cable magazine
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. Underground
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. 1st floor
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. 2 - 12 floors
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. 13th floor
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. 14th floor
Layout plans for electrical pipe routes for smoke control automation. Attic
Operating instructions for the automatic smoke control system
Specification of equipment and materials
Drawings A.1-2
Total information
Signal circuit diagram
Schematic diagram of beam control
Schematic electrical diagram for controlling floor valves. Shield power
List of equipment
Fundamental electrical circuits ventilation systems P-1, V-1, V-2
Supply air system control cabinet P-1. General form. Wiring diagram
Central automation panel. General form. Inscriptions in frames and boards. Electrical equipment technical data table
Central automation panel. Wiring diagram. Shield door
Central automation panel. Wiring diagram. Back wall
Central automation panel. Wiring diagram. Left side wall
Central automation panel. Wiring diagram. Right side wall
Beam fire alarm panel. General form. Wiring diagram
Storey solenoid valve. Wiring diagram
Fire alarm cabinet. General form. Technical data of electrical equipment. List of ISS inscriptions
Floor relay box. General form. Wiring diagram. Equipment technical data
Exhaust ventilation system control cabinet V-1(V-2). General form. Wiring diagram
Drawings A.2-1
Total information
Functional dispatch diagram of engineering equipment
Scheme electrical connections
Underground. Electrical route plan for public transport networks
1st floor, standard floor, attic. Electrical route plan for public transport networks
Specifications

The aim is to increase the efficiency of smoke ventilation, automatically preventing the spread of smoke masses from the source of fire throughout the building. This helps ensure safe conditions for evacuating people, carrying out emergency rescue operations and reducing the risk of property damage. Automation of the system allows you to start the operation of ventilation equipment without human intervention instantly after fire alarm will give a signal. It guarantees careful monitoring and control of devices such as skylights, smoke exhaust valves together with fire suppression valves, as well as control cabinets for fire pumps, air boosters and smoke exhaust fans.

This system allows you to minimize the human factor by automatically controlling the operation of each device. Automation can be installed at both existing and new facilities. Also installation specialized equipment allows you to remotely turn on and off the entire system. In order for it to function as efficiently as possible and provide high level safety in the building, its installation should be entrusted to experienced professionals. Thanks to the wide selection of configurations, installation of automatic smoke removal systems can be carried out on objects for various purposes.

Types of smoke removal automation systems

  • Automatic.
They are traditionally associated with complex systems safety, as well as fire alarms and installations that ensure automatic fire extinguishing. Automatic control does not require human intervention. Such systems provide for both remote and local launch. The first option is carried out from the central control panel, and the second - by pressing a button in the protected area.
  • Semi-automatic.
They are launched by the personnel on duty or any other person after information about a fire has been received.

Regardless of the choice of the type of automatic control of smoke removal systems, the installed equipment must necessarily fully comply with the current legislative norms and standards. It is worth noting that smoke control ventilation should be installed in high-rise buildings, underground premises and in buildings that do not have natural ventilation.

Components of automatic smoke removal systems and the principle of their operation

Automation is high-tech equipment that is designed to make the work of smoke ventilation as efficient and effective as possible. Key elements automatic smoke removal systems are control cabinets. The installation of this equipment provides comprehensive monitoring and management of engineering systems, including ventilation and air conditioning, pump operation, fire alarms, smoke removal and fire extinguishing devices. She provides reliable operation smoke removal fans, etc. In the event of a fire, the fan motor is controlled remotely, opening the valves before starting ventilation devices. The smoke removal control cabinet is traditionally equipped with light signaling for different operating modes. It also sends appropriate signals to the fire automation system.

Shields are capable of exchanging data with others connected to fire system devices. Information exchange is carried out automatically between the cabinet and alarm sensors. Taking into account current fire safety requirements, control cabinets must be characterized by high performance and thermal stability, reliability and durability. They should also be distinguished by high aerodynamic performance and precise operation. fire dampers. Thanks to the well-thought-out layout of the cabinet, you can get easy and quick access to important units and components.

If a fire occurs, fire detectors installed at the protected facility are automatically triggered. Automation transmits command signals, thanks to which the operation of ventilation and other technological equipment, and devices are activated that provide smoke protection along with air pressure. It is important that the project for automatic control of fire-retarding valves is developed by experienced specialists, taking into account the characteristics of the structure, including the number of floors, composition and power parameters of ventilation equipment.

Features of installation and maintenance of automation

Smoke removal and fire automatics require quality installation and subsequent professional maintenance. It is worth noting that the installation of automation is carried out only after the installation work smoke removal systems. All work is carried out according to the approved working documentation, fully complying with current legislative standards. It is important to have special approvals for electrical safety, since the system consists of devices that operate with voltages such as 220V and 380V, and a license from the Ministry of Emergency Situations is also required.

Automation installation includes next steps:
1. The first stage involves laying low-current routes, as well as piping fans and valves, both fire-retarding and smoke-eliminating.
2. The second stage consists of carrying out commissioning work, which ensures the development of the algorithm for turning off the general-exchange ventilation system, turning on the air booster ventilation devices, as well as the operation of the valves that ensure smoke removal.

Design, installation and maintenance should be entrusted to qualified professionals with state license. Automation maintenance is a whole range of activities aimed at maintaining equipment in working condition. Regularity of inspections is the key to long-term and safe operation the entire system. The automation is checked at a time agreed with the customer at least once a month. All data on the system inspection is recorded in special logs stored at the customer’s site. You can get an example of a project for automation of smoke removal systems by contacting a company that provides this type of service, this will help you decide who to trust in Moscow or the Moscow region and further Maintenance systems.

Smoke ventilation system ( smoke removal) is designed to remove combustion products and heat, and supply clean air into a building during a fire. The system ensures the safe presence of people on evacuation routes, in fire safety zones, in places of work of fire departments, and other places determined by the fire protection measures section.

Design Rules smoke protection systems regulated by section 7 - “smoke ventilation” SP 7.13130.2013 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire Safety Requirements”, on the basis of which technologists develop fire safety measures and tasks for automating these systems.

Supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems for buildings (hereinafter referred to as smoke ventilation) must ensure blocking and (or) limiting the spread of combustion products into safe areas and along evacuation routes for people, including for the purpose of creating necessary conditions fire departments to carry out work to rescue people, detect and localize a fire in a building.

Smoke ventilation systems must be autonomous for each fire compartment, except for supply smoke ventilation systems designed for protection stairwells and elevator shafts communicating with various fire compartments, and smoke exhaust ventilation systems designed to protect atriums and passages that do not have structural divisions into fire compartments. Supply smoke ventilation systems should be used only in the necessary combination with exhaust smoke ventilation systems. Separate use of supply smoke ventilation systems without installing corresponding exhaust smoke ventilation systems is not permitted.

Meeting the requirements of the standard, especially in distributed systems, is often impossible without the use of automatic control systems, the implementation of which ensures effective work smoke removal systems.

Ventilation system controllers that meet fire safety criteria are used as control equipment (FZ-123, Art. 2, clause 33 “fire control device - technical means, intended to include executive installations smoke protection systems").

That. target automation of smoke ventilation systems is to increase the efficiency of its operation, in automatic mode, eliminating the influence human factor, prevent the spread of smoke masses from the source of fire throughout the building.

Operation algorithm and requirements for the smoke removal automation system

When a fire signal is received from the fire alarm system panel, the smoke removal automation system must ensure the execution of a certain algorithm, which includes the following actions:

  • Turn on the smoke exhaust fan;
  • Open the smoke exhaust valves corresponding to the given zone;
  • Close fire arresting valves;
  • Send a report to the control panel for each item (passed/failed/accident).

During the waiting period (which can last the entire life of the system), automatic diagnostics the state of devices and communication lines, and in the event of failure of these devices, the system transmits an emergency message to the control panel.

The execution of this algorithm ensures the safety and lives of people, so automatic smoke removal should work without failures. It has specific requirements, such as:

  • Devices are not allowed automatic shutdown in the power supply circuits of the executive elements of the equipment of smoke ventilation systems (continuity of power supply is ensured);
  • Only equipment and cable products with a specified fire resistance limit are used;
  • The power supply for smoke ventilation systems must comply with I category reliability.

The projects also provide manual control of smoke removal systems. Such a system can function in conjunction with central system fire safety or independently of it. The control can be partially combined with the control system natural ventilation, subject to compliance with fire safety regulations.

Main components of a smoke removal control system

Main components of the smoke removal system:

Smoke protection automation includes devices that can control the following components:

  • Smoke exhaust fan motors. Most often, they operate in on/off mode; control of operating modes, by analogy with exhaust ventilation systems, is usually not used;
  • Support fan motors, also work in on/off mode;
  • Fire damper drives- control the open/closed position;
  • Smoke valve drives- open/close positions are also controlled.

The devices are activated automatically by the “Fire” signal; upon activation or non-activation, the operator receives a report on the operation of the device. Methods for monitoring the performance of devices may vary, depending on the manufacturer and design.

Smoke control system

Providing the fire dispatcher with reliable information about the operation of the smoke ventilation system is one of the factors that will ensure saving the lives of people caught in an emergency zone.

Depending on the size of the smoke removal system, the dispatch system (information display) can be implemented and how indicator board And How full operator console, with linking the location of devices to the object’s mnemonic diagram and the possibility of manual remote control via PC.

Small systems consist of elements combined in a single standard control panel; an example is based on Orion controllers produced by Bolid.

Systems with a large number of elements are developed on the basis of individual automation systems, which use freely programmable controllers.

IN large systems, the fire department console is a full-fledged dispatch console that provides information in a graphical, easy-to-read mode.

Design of smoke removal automation systems

The requirements for the system are similar to the requirements for other fire protection systems and are determined by Federal Law No. 123-FZ Technical regulations on fire safety requirements. In this regard, at the initial stage it is necessary to take into account the degree of fire resistance of the equipment, control of power and communication lines, control of equipment on/off/failure.

The development of an automation system for smoke ventilation is based on the algorithms (technology) of the system. In bare theory, the designer of an automation system does not have to visit the site; a description of the technology is enough for him. This information is provided in order to understand the importance of obtaining the correct technical specifications for automation from technologists.

It also follows from this that the smoke removal automation project is initially developed with some delay from the main project.

Otherwise, the project development stages do not differ from other low-current systems, for example, an automatic fire alarm system:

  • Receiving a preliminary task for system design;
  • Obtaining technology for operating the system;
  • Clarification of the location of the fire guard post and the number of controlled areas. Clarification of customer requirements, determination of the size of the system and the need for integration or output to remote fire brigade bullets, selection of basic automation equipment;
  • Development and approval of design assignments;
  • Development of stage “P” and defense in examination (mandatory section);
  • Development of stage “P” and estimate documentation;
  • Next, and are produced.