Rowan as a plant. Rowan: application features and recipes

Family: Rosales (Rosales).

Motherland

In nature, rowan grows in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere; in Europe, Asia, North America. The genus Rowan has about 100 species.

Form: deciduous tree or shrub.

Description

Rowan trees are deciduous trees or shrubs from 2 to 15 m tall. Plant leaves vary greatly in shape, from simple to complex. The arrangement of the leaves is regular. Rowan inflorescences are complex corymbose. The flowers are white, pinkish or ivory.

(S. aucuparia). An attractive, medium-sized tree, 5 to 10 or 15 m tall and 4 to 6 m wide, with one or more trunks. The crown of the mountain ash is initially ovoid, later asymmetrical. The main branches of plants grow vertically. The growth rate of mountain ash slows down with age. The leaves of the plants are pinnate, dull green, bluish below, yellow-orange or brick-red in autumn. Mountain ash flowers are white shields with an unpleasant odor and bloom in late May-early June. The fruits of the mountain ash are orange-red or red and the size of a pea. The root system of mountain ash is dense, from deep to superficial. Plants suffer from prolonged drought and cannot tolerate both salinity and soil conditions. Common rowan grows in the European part of Russia, Siberia and the Far East.

or rowan aria, or powdery rowan (S. aria). A large multi-stemmed, slow-growing shrub or small tree from 6 to 12 m high and 4 to 8 m wide. The crown of the round-leaved mountain ash is wide, openwork, conical or round. The branches grow vertically. The leaves of the rowan aria are broadly ovate, rough, leathery, with white pubescence when blooming, later dark green above and white or gray below; in autumn they turn yellowish or do not change color. The flowers of the rowan aria are white, large, in complex umbels, with a pungent odor; bloom at the end of May. The fruits of the mealy berry are round, orange-red, edible, but tasteless. The young bark of the round-leaved mountain ash is smooth, dark gray, later with grooves. The root system of the aria rowan is very deep and stable. Plants are very light-loving. One of the most decorative types of rowan. In nature, it grows in the mountains of Central and Southern Europe, the Carpathians, singly or in groups.

Intermediate rowan (S. intermedia). A medium-sized tree, 10 to 15 or 18 m high and 4 to 6 m wide, usually with a short trunk. The crown of the intermediate rowan is ovoid or rounded, the main branches are directed vertically. The leaves of the plants are ovate, slightly split-leaved, rough, pale green, with gray pubescence below, pale yellow in autumn or do not change color. Intermediate rowan flowers are small white shields that bloom in late May-June. Intermediate rowan fruits are round, orange or scarlet. The root system of plants is deep, sensitive to soil compaction. Intermediate rowan has a positive relationship with the lime content in the soil. It grows naturally in Scandinavia and Central Europe.

(S. koehneana). Usually a medium-sized bush, less often a low tree from 2 to 4 m high and wide with a short trunk and several main shoots. The crown of the Kene mountain ash is wide, openwork, and becomes funnel-shaped with age. It grows very slowly. The leaves of the Kene mountain ash are slightly elliptical, pinnate, bluish-green or pale green above, gray-green below, copper-red in autumn. The flowers are white umbrella-shaped inflorescences that bloom when the foliage opens. The fruits of the Kene rowan are porcelain-white berries on red petioles, very bitter or sour, inedible. The root system of plants is superficial. Rowan Kene suffers from a long and severe drought; does not tolerate either salinity or soil conditions. In nature, the plants are found in Central China.

(S. sambucifolia). A beautiful shrub up to 2.5 m high with a round or ovoid, openwork crown. The leaves of rowan elderberry are odd-pinnate, oval-lanceolate, sharply serrate, dark green, shiny, on reddish petioles. The flowers are reddish or white. The fruits of elderberry rowan are juicy, round, bright red, edible, sweet and sour, without bitterness, with a pleasant aroma. Sometimes plants bloom a second time. In nature, elderberry mountain ash grows in the Khabarovsk Territory, in Kamchatka along the Okhotsk coast, in Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in Japan, forming thickets or in the undergrowth.

Homemade rowan, or large-fruited rowan, or Crimean rowan (S. domestica). A slow-growing tree up to 15 m tall with a wide pyramidal or spherical crown and almost bare, shiny shoots. The leaves of the domestic rowan are complex, odd-pinnate, sharply serrated, long, smooth, shiny, dark green. The flowers of the plants are white or pinkish. The fruits of domestic rowan are large, oblong-ovoid or pear-shaped, lemon-yellow, red or brown-red, sweet, aromatic. A stable type of rowan, rarely affected by disease. In nature, domestic rowan is common in the Crimea, in the south of Western Europe; grows singly or in groups.

Rowan Khosta (S. x hostii) is a highly branched shrub of hybrid origin up to 2 m tall. The leaves of the Hosta mountain ash are whole, oval, dense, dark green on top and white tomentose on the back.

Growing conditions

Rowan grows on almost any garden soil; it prefers light, fertile, moist, well-drained substrates, from acidified to alkaline. Growing rowan is impossible in waterlogged or swampy areas, but at the same time, plants can suffer greatly during long dry periods from a lack of water in the soil. Rowan is a sun-loving plant, but can easily tolerate shading. Rowan has high winter hardiness.

Application

Rowan is a highly decorative and valuable fruit tree. Rowan will decorate the garden with lush blooms in the spring, and bright clusters of berries in the fall and early winter. Different types of rowan can be planted in groups along the border of the garden. The rowan bush will also be beautiful. Rowan in the garden is especially good in the fall, when it is decorated with bright fruits and the leaves turn yellow, orange, and crimson.

Rowan is good for.

Care

Caring for rowan consists mainly of watering, loosening weak and diseased branches, shortening shoots, and removing root shoots. Formative pruning is carried out in early spring. In species and varieties of rowan that bear fruit on last year's growth, the shoots are only slightly shortened, and the thickened crown is thinned out. In the third year, mineral fertilizers are applied.

Reproduction

Rowan propagates by seeds (species plants), and vegetatively (varietal rowan). As a rootstock you can use rowan or. Rowan berries are sowed in autumn or early spring (seeds). Rowan is planted in a permanent place in the fall. Rowan is planted at a distance of 1.5-2 m between low-growing plants and 3-4 m between tall plants. After planting, the plants are watered, and in the second year after planting, the side shoots are shortened.

You can buy rowan in. Rowan seedlings and rowan seeds can also be ordered online.

Diseases and pests

Possible pests and diseases of rowan are rust, aphids, mites and rowan moths.

Popular varieties

Varieties of rotundifolia rowan

Varieties of mountain ash

‘Edulis’. Medium-sized tree up to 15 m tall. The crown of the mountain ash ‘Edulis’ is initially narrow-ovate, later broadly ovate and asymmetrical. The growth rate of the variety is medium or high. The rowan leaves of this variety are larger and darker than those of the species; autumn color ranges from yellow-orange to red. The fruits of rowan ‘Edulis’ are larger and more numerous than those of the species, less bitter and more sour.

Intermediate rowan variety 'Brouwers'. A small, slow-growing conical tree up to 10 m tall.

fiery grapes Rowan trees in the forest thicket, like a bonfire for a belated traveler. Rowan seems to illuminate the forest, warms and instills hope in a person’s heart; it has long been held in high esteem in Rus'. Rowan feeds forest dwellers and helps humans.

Rowan names

The Latin name for Rowan is Sorbus aucuparia from the Celtic word "sor" - "tart", and the species name is from the Latin aucupari, which means "to catch birds", probably coming from the catching of blackbirds feasting on rowan fruits.

Where does Rowan grow?

Rowan distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, in the Urals, and in the mountain-forest belt of the Caucasus. Rowan grows in the undergrowth of coniferous and mixed forests, along forest edges, often grown as an ornamental plant in parks and gardens.

Rowan- usually not a very tall tree with smooth gray bark.

Rowan leaves pinnately dissected, usually consisting of 11-19 leaflets, with sharp teeth along the edges and slightly pubescent on the underside.

Rowan flowers white (sometimes pinkish) collected in large umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

Rowan berries They look like little apples with an equilateral five-pointed star on the bottom.

in autumn Rowan leaves acquire an amazing crimson, fiery hue, passing through the stages of yellow and orange. And when the leaves fall, ripe Rowan bunches like fires burning in a darkened forest.

Rowan flowering time

Rowan blossoms in May, June.

Collection and preparation of Rowan

Rowan flowers collected in May-June. Ripe Rowan fruits are harvested in August-October, before frost sets in, and the stalks are removed. When harvesting, do not break off branches.

Rowan berries are dried in dryers at a temperature of 60-80 ° C or in well-ventilated areas, spreading in a thin layer on fabric or paper.

People have long noticed that Rowan leaves have a strong anti-microbial action. In the North in the summer there are sick people carried out under Rowan, because they believed that “the Rowan spirit drives out diseases.” Both flowers and leaves of rowan are still used, but in modern scientific medicine their main use is Rowan berries.

Their healing qualities are determined mainly by the large amount vitamin C(more than in lemons and oranges), vitamin P, carotene. The fruits also contain pectin, up to 2% organic acids (malic, grape, citric, succinic, etc.), flavones and tannins, essential oil, manganese, iron, copper salts, and other macro and microelements.

Rowan has anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, capillary-strengthening, vitamin, astringent, mild laxative, diaphoretic, diuretic effects, lowers blood pressure, increases blood clotting.

Rowan to strengthen the body

Rowan berries- an excellent means of preventing and treating vitamin deficiencies. They are useful for anemia, physical exhaustion and for any diseases, since the vitamins they contain increase the body's resistance and stimulate its protective properties.

Rowan for the heart and blood vessels

Rowan is very useful for the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Rowan helps with hypertension, arrhythmia, anemia, capillary fragility, and heart failure.

Rowan against warts

Rowan is used to remove warts. To do this, mash raw rowan berries, apply them to the wart overnight, secure with a bandage, and in the morning wash off the rowan pulp from the wart with water. The procedure must be carried out several times.

Rowan - Contraindications

Rowan can be used by all people, with the exception of those who are predisposed to the formation of blood clots. Increased clotting is also a ban on the use of drugs from Rowan

You can make compote, syrup, jam, jelly, marmalade, wine, juice, liqueur, and kvass from Rowan berries.

Tea with Rowan- a healthy vitamin drink. Fresh or dried berries can be brewed with tea and allowed to brew. Rowan goes especially well with Blackcurrant and Rosehip.

Rowan jam. Rowan berries are washed, dried and either kept in the freezer for a day, or boiled for 1-2 minutes to remove bitterness. Pass through a meat grinder and cover with sugar (1 kg of sugar per 2 kg of berries). Then leave for 2 hours, add 1 glass of boiling water per 1 kg of fruit and cook over low heat in several stages until a drop stops spreading on the saucer.

Rowan berries with sugar. In the fall, the fruits of Rowan are pureed with sugar (1 kg of berries per 1.5 kg of sugar). Take 1 tablespoon 3-5 times a day with water or tea.

Rowan - interesting facts

After the first frost, rowan berries lose their bitterness.

If you look at the bottom of the Rowan berry, you can see an equilateral five-pointed star - an ancient symbol of protection.

Mountain ash(lat. Sorbus aucuparia) is a deciduous tree of the rose family ( Rosaceae).

Description

Botanical illustration from the book by O. V. Tome Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz, 1885

Inflorescence

Inferiority

Fruit trees

Tree 4-15 (sometimes up to 20) m high with an ovoid crown and a superficial root system. Young branches are fluffy, with gray smooth bark, later grayish-white. Leaves are alternate, 10-20 cm long, lanceolate in outline, with 10-15 leaflets; leaflets are 3-5 cm long, 1-15 cm wide, from oblong to oblong-lanceolate, usually entire in the lower part, serrate in the upper part, matte green above, glaucous or grayish below. Young leaves are pubescent at the base, later ones are bare.

Dense corymbose inflorescences are located at the ends of shortened shoots, 5-10 cm in diameter, pubescent, less often glabrous. The flowers are white or pinkish, 8-15 mm in diameter, with an unpleasant trimethylamine odor, reminiscent of horse manure. The calyx is first pubescent, then glabrous, the sepals are ciliated; petals are 4-5 mm long, rounded, pubescent on top. The fruits are almost spherical, about 1 cm (usually no more than 1.5 cm) in diameter, orange-red or bright red, juicy. The seeds are usually 3 in number, narrow-oblong, sharp at the ends, and reddish.

Chemical composition

Sorbic acid glycoside (up to 0.8%) gives bitterness to fruits. At the first frost, the glycoside is destroyed, and the rowan becomes sweeter. When the glycoside breaks down in fruits, the level of sorbic acid increases; such fruits can be stored without any processing. Amygdalin and fatty oil were found in the seeds (up to 22%); in leaves - about 200 mg% ascorbic acid, flavonoids; in flowers - quercitrin and spireoside; in the bark there are tannins.

Spreading

The range covers Western Europe, Asia Minor, the mountains of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, and North Africa. In Russia, it is distributed in the European part, Crimea, the Caucasus, the Far East, Kamchatka, Siberia, and the Amur region.

It is often found in all natural and administrative regions of the Saratov Right Bank. In the Rtishchevsky district, it was noted in the green spaces of the city of Rtishchevo, as well as in the plantings of the former nursery of the South-Eastern Railway.

Features of biology and ecology

It grows in the undergrowth of forests of various compositions, often spruce, growing on the edges, clearings and cutting areas, less often among meadows, also in rocky or stony places, along cliffs of river banks.

It grows quickly, growing by 0.5 m in one year.

Blooms in May - June, fruits ripen in September - October; the berries, unless eaten by birds, usually remain on the trees until late winter. It bears fruit annually from 5-7 years of age. A good harvest of rowan is usually observed once every 1-3 years, the largest yield is from 35-40 years. One tree can produce up to 80-100 kg of fruit. With a lack of light, it develops poorly and bears almost no fruit. Propagated by seeds and root suckers. Lives up to 200 years.

Economic importance and application

It has long been used as a fruit and medicinal plant, as well as an ornamental one, having pyramidal and weeping forms.

In medicine

The bark exhibits antibacterial activity. A decoction of it is used for hypertension. Branches in folk medicine - for rheumatism.

Infusion and decoction of flowers are used for diseases of the liver, kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, hemorrhoids, colds, coughs. Used in gynecology. In addition, the decoction is used for goiter. An infusion of flowers and fruits is used as a diaphoretic for colds.

A decoction of leaves and fruits is used in folk medicine for scurvy, general weakness (after serious illnesses, operations), and vitamin deficiencies.

The fruits are allowed in medical practice for hypovitaminosis. In India they are used for scurvy, hemorrhoids, and liver diseases. In folk medicine as a diuretic, laxative, hemostatic, vitamin, contraceptive, antidysenteric; for dysmenorrhea, malignant tumors. Infusion (orally) - for gastritis with low acidity of gastric juice, hemorrhoids, kidney disease, liver disease, atherosclerosis, bleeding; decoction (inside) - for hypovitaminosis, general weakness. In Western European countries - for liver diseases, kidney diseases, ascites, diarrhea, rheumatism, metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis, whooping cough, throat diseases, glaucoma; externally - as a wound healing agent. Juice - for anemia, asthenia, gout, hemorrhoids, malignant tumors, low acidity of gastric juice, gastritis, hypertension, vitamin deficiency, glaucoma, whooping cough, dysmenorrhea, liver and kidney diseases, ascites, atherosclerosis. Syrup - for rheumatism, kidney stones, bladder stones, salt metabolism disorders.

Rowan fruits are included in vitamin and multivitamin preparations.

In other areas

Rowan honey

Rowan is highly valued as an ornamental plant, and therefore it is often used in garden and park construction. It is also used in forest reclamation, snow protection and windproof plantings.

The wood is suitable for carpentry, turning, furniture making, and for making musical instruments.

The bark colors the tissues in red-brown tones, and the branches black. The leaves give a brown color.

The buds have an insecticidal and raticidal effect. The fruits are used in veterinary medicine - for diarrhea in calves.

It is a good honey plant. Provides bees with a significant amount of nectar and pollen in the spring, during the period of low feeding. Sometimes the flowering of rowan coincides with the onset of temporary cold weather, and then the flowers are not visited by bees. The honey is coarse-grained, has a reddish tint and a strong, unique aroma. The total honey productivity under favorable conditions is about 30-40 kg per 1 hectare of planting.

Forage plant. Fruit yield - up to 2.5 t/ha. Edible in fresh and processed form, used in the confectionery industry. They are used fresh and for making juices, jams, jams, candied fruits, in pureed form along with sea buckthorn and apples. They make filling for sweets, and also make kvass, tincture, rowan vodka and cognac. Dried - a substitute for tea. They can serve as raw materials for the preparation of vitamin preparations. From the fruits you can make sorbitol, which replaces sugar. The fatty oil contained in the seeds is suitable for food and has a pleasant taste.

Cultivated. It is characterized by high cold and drought resistance. In this regard, it is used in breeding work when breeding cold-resistant and drought-resistant varieties of pome fruit plants. There are large-fruited and dessert varieties bred by I.V. Michurin and other breeders.

In the folk calendar there is a Peter-Paul day, which falls at the end of September - the time of ripening of rowan berries. On this day, branches with fruits were tied into bunches and hung under the roofs of houses. This custom is associated with the idea of ​​rowan as a tree that can protect a person from all sorts of troubles. It was widespread not only in Russia, but also in Western Europe and the Baltic states. Rowan branches were used to decorate not only living quarters, but also barns and gates; even rowan branches were stuck at the edge of each field.

In central Russia, rowan was used in wedding ceremonies. Its leaves were placed in the shoes of newlyweds, the fruits were hidden in the pockets of their clothes - all this for protection from sorcerers and witches. In addition, rowan is a symbol and guarantee of happiness and peace in the family, so they tried to plant rowan near the house.

Literature

• Glukhov M. M. Honey plants. Ed. 7th, revised and additional - M.: Kolos, 1974. - S. 203-204
• Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and prospects for introduction / Ed. in 6 volumes. T. III. Angiosperms: family Trochodendronaceae - Rosaceae. - M., Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1954. - P. 465-466
• Elenevsky A. G., Radygina V. I., Bulany Yu. I. Plants of the Saratov Right Bank (flora summary). - Saratov: Publishing house Sarat. pedin-ta, 2000. - ISBN 5-87077-047-5. - P. 38
• Universal Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants / Comp. I. Putyrsky, V. Prokhorov. - Mn.: Book House; M.: Makhaon, 2000. - P. 250-252
• Flora of central Russia: Atlas-determinant / Kiseleva K.V., Mayorov S.R., Novikov V.S. Ed. prof. V. S. Novikova. - M.: Fiton+ CJSC, 2010. - P. 302

Rowan (lat. Sorbus) is a genus of woody plants of the tribe Appleaceae of the Rosaceae family, in which, according to various sources, there are from 80 to 100 species. And the plant common rowan, or red (lat. Sorbus aucuparia)- a fruit tree, a species of the Rowan genus, widespread throughout almost all of Europe, Western Asia and the Caucasus. The range of the species reaches the Far North, and in the mountains, red rowan, already in the form of a bush, rises to the border of vegetation. The generic name sorbus comes from the Celtic language, translated as “tart, bitter” and characterizes the taste of the rowan fruit. The specific name comes from the Latin words meaning “bird” and “to catch”: the rowan fruits attracted birds and were used to lure them.

For a long time, rowan was part of the culture of the Slavs, Scandinavians and Celts, who endowed it with magical powers: it was believed that it patronized warriors in battles, protected them from the world of the dead and from witchcraft. The lower side of the rowan berry looks like an equilateral five-pointed star - one of the most ancient pagan symbols of protection. During the wedding, rowan leaves were placed in the shoes of the newlyweds, and travel staves were made from its wood. Rowan was planted next to the home, and damaging or destroying the tree was considered a very bad omen.

Planting and caring for rowan

• Bloom: usually in mid-May.
• Landing: before the start of sap flow in spring or during leaf fall.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: fertile, well-drained, medium to light loam.
• Watering: obligatory and frequent after planting, annually at the beginning of the growing season, 2-3 weeks before harvest, 2-3 weeks after harvest. Water consumption – 2-3 buckets per tree.
• Feeding: starting from the third year after planting: in the spring - with humus and ammonium nitrate, in the first days of summer - with a solution of mullein (1:5), bird droppings (1:10) or Agrolife (according to the instructions), and at the end of summer - with wood ash and superphosphate.
• Trimming: in early spring.
• Reproduction: grafting, green and woody cuttings, shoots and layering.
• Pests: weevils, apple sawflies, moths, rowan gall mites, bark beetles, green apple aphids, scale insects.
• Diseases: anthracnose, septoria, brown and gray spots, powdery mildew, moniliosis, scab, rust, necrosis (black, nectriform and cytosporic) and viral ring mosaic.
• Properties: is a medicinal plant, the fruits of which have choleretic, diaphoretic, diuretic and hemostatic effects.

Read more about growing rowan below.

Rowan tree - description

The common rowan is a tree or shrub and reaches a height of no more than 12 m. Its crown is rounded, its shoots are pubescent, grayish-red. The bark of adult plants is smooth, shiny, yellow-gray or gray-brown. The alternate, imparipinnate leaves of rowan reach a length of 20 cm and consist of 7-15 elongated, jagged, pointed leaflets along the edge, green and matte on the upper side and lighter and pubescent on the lower side. In autumn, the leaves turn golden and red.

Numerous white five-membered rowan flowers with a not very pleasant smell are collected in thick terminal corymbs up to 10 cm in diameter. The fruit is an orange-red juicy apple up to 1 cm in diameter. Rowan blossoms begin in May or June, and the fruits ripen by late summer or early autumn.

Rowan does not tolerate gas pollution and smoke in the air, as well as waterlogging and swampy soil.

Rowan wood is hard and elastic, but at the same time easy to process. Since ancient times, spindles and runes have been made from it. A dye for fabric is produced from rowan fruits.

Planting rowan

Since the rowan tree grows quite tall, it is wise to plant it at the border of the garden so that it does not shade the area. Rowan prefers fertile soils (medium and light loams that retain moisture well), but grows normally in poorer soils. Rowan is planted, like other fruit trees, in the spring, before the sap begins to flow, or in the fall, during the leaf fall period. If you expect to harvest berries, then plant several varieties at once.

When choosing rowan seedlings, pay attention to the condition of their root system: it should be well developed and healthy, that is, have 2-3 main branches more than 20 cm long. If the roots of the plant are weathered and dry, it is better not to buy such planting material. The bark of the seedling should be smooth, not wrinkled. Tear off a small piece of bark and look at the inside: it should be green, not brown like a dead plant. Prepare seedlings for planting by removing diseased, dried and broken roots and shoots. Before autumn planting, leaves are also removed from the branches of the seedling, being careful not to damage the buds in their axils.

Rowan seedlings are placed on the site at an interval of 4-6 m from each other and from other trees. The depth and diameter of the hole is 60-80 cm. Prepare a mixture of 5 kg of peat compost and topsoil, add 2-3 shovels of rotted manure, 200 g of superphosphate and 100 g of wood ash to it and mix everything well. Fill the holes one-third full with this mixture, then fill the pit halfway with regular soil, pour a bucket of water into it and let it soak.

Dip the roots of the seedling into the clay mash, place it in the center of the hole and fill the space with the remaining potting mix or topsoil. After planting, compact the surface around the seedling well and water it. The seedling should be 2-3 cm deeper in the ground than it grew in the nursery. When the water is absorbed, mulch the tree trunk with a layer of humus, peat, hay, grass, straw, sawdust or other organic material 5-10 cm thick.

Rowan care

Growing rowan in the garden

Growing rowan involves following the usual procedures for a gardener: watering, weeding, loosening the soil, fertilizing, pruning, measures to protect against diseases and pests.

Rowan is watered during the period of lack of precipitation, and this must be done at the beginning of the growing season and after planting in the ground, as well as two to three weeks before harvesting and two to three weeks after it. It is better to pour water into the grooves made around the perimeter of the tree trunk circle. Water calculation is 2-3 buckets per plant, however, when determining the required amount of water, the age of the plant, the composition and condition of the soil should be taken into account.

Loosening of the soil in the tree trunk circle is carried out in early spring, then 2-3 times during the summer and always immediately after harvesting. It is more convenient to loosen the surface on the second day after watering or rain, while simultaneously removing weeds. After loosening, the tree trunk circle is again mulched with organic matter.

Systemic fertilizing increases the yield of rowan. From the third year of life in the spring, 5-8 kg of compost or humus and 50 g of ammonium nitrate are added under the trees. In the first days of June, 10 liters of mullein solution (1:5) or bird droppings (1:10) are poured under each rowan tree. Organics can be replaced by Agrolife solution. At the end of summer, half a liter of wood ash and 100 g of superphosphate should be added under the trees.

Rowan is pruned in early spring, before the buds begin to awaken: shoots that extend at right angles, diseased, shriveled and growing deep into the crown are removed. In rowan varieties that bear fruit on last year's shoots, the branches need to be thinned out and slightly shortened, and in those that bear fruit on various types of fruit formations, the ringlets are systematically thinned out and rejuvenated and the skeletal branches are shortened.

In general, pruning is done to ensure uniform illumination of the crown, which contributes to a higher yield. However, the crown of the rowan tree is pyramidal, therefore, the branches grow at an acute angle to the trunk, and this deprives them of strength. When forming skeletal branches, your task is to try to bring them out at a right or obtuse angle.

Trees with poor growth need rejuvenating pruning, which is done on two- or three-year-old wood to encourage the growth of new shoots.

Pests and diseases of rowan

The first signs of damage to a tree by pests or pathogenic infections may appear as early as May-June. What ailments does this culture suffer from? Rowan is affected by anthracnose, septoria, brown and gray spots, powdery mildew, monoliosis, scab, rust, necrosis (black, nectria and cytospore) and viral ring mosaic. If you purchased a healthy seedling, and the rowan planting and care were carried out in accordance with the agricultural practices of the crop, then the tree is unlikely to have health problems: diseases only affect weakened plants. However, you need to be prepared for any troubles.

Let us say right away that diseases such as mosaic and all types of necrosis cannot be cured, therefore the most important way to protect rowan from being affected by these incurable diseases is preventive measures. They consist of careful selection of seedlings, pre-sowing soil treatment to prevent infections, destruction of insects that carry viruses, and keeping tree trunk circles clean. It is very important to carefully inspect the trees in the garden as often as possible, because it is much easier to defeat a disease at the very beginning of its development than to save an already dying plant.

In articles about planting and growing fruit trees of the Rosaceae family, we have repeatedly described the signs of the most common diseases and ways to combat them, and you can get detailed information about this by referring to the articles already posted on the site about apple, pear, plum and other related rowan trees ordinary cultures.

After this article they usually read

• "Red" (syn. "Nevezhinskaya Red") is a fruit variety of Nevezhinskaya rowan of Russian origin. It is found much less frequently than the first “Kubovaya” and “Yellow”, but due to its high yield, frost resistance and excellent quality of fruits, it has the prospect of widespread distribution. The trees are the same in appearance as those of the "Yellow" variety, but the skeletal branches are thinner. The fruits are large, bright red, sweet and sour. The taste of the fruit is higher than that of the Kubovaya variety.
• "Kubovaya" (syn. "Nevezhinskaya Kubovaya") is a fruit variety of Nevezhinskaya rowan of Russian origin. It is the most common variety of Nevezhinsky mountain ash. It is characterized by high frost resistance, high yield and excellent fruit quality. The fruits are large (height 12 mm, width 10 mm), pentagonal, red, taste sweet and sour, without bitterness. Suitable for fresh consumption and processing. Ripen in the first half of September. At a temperature of 0-2°C they can be stored until April.
• "Large-fruited" (syn. "Nevezhinskaya Large-fruited") - fruit variety
• “Liquor” (syn. “Ivan’s Beauty”) - the variety was obtained by I.V. Michurin in 1905 as a result of crossing Rowan and Aronia. Tree 1.5-2 m tall, with unpaired dark green leaves. The fruits are black, sweet, valuable for technical processing.
• "Michurinskaya Dessertnaya" (syn. "Dessert") - fruit variety
• "Moravskaya" - fruit variety
• "Moravian Harvest" - fruit variety
• "Nana" (syn. "Nana")
  - decorative variety, characterized by a bush-like growth form
• "Nevezhinskaya". Growth form: multi-stemmed tree, at 40 years of age about 5 m in height. The crown, depending on the planting density, is round or pyramidal, with a diameter of up to 7.5 m. It is distinguished by high frost resistance and annual yield. Propagated by root shoots, layering and grafting. Self-rooted plants with vegetative propagation begin to bear fruit in the 5-7th year, grafted on forest rowan - in the 3rd-5th year. Fruits on fruit twigs and ringlets. The root system mainly lies in the surface soil horizon. There are three age periods of growth and fruiting. The first period from 1 to 25-30 years is characterized by increased formation of above-ground parts, the formation of the crown. At the same time, fruiting begins. The second period (30-45 years) is characterized by more abundant and regular fruiting. The root system and above-ground parts of the plant reach their greatest size at this time. Third period (45-60 years). Aging of a tree: large skeletal branches die off in large numbers, the growth of vegetative parts drops sharply and the yield decreases.
• "Pendula" (syn. "Pendula", "Weeping")
  - decorative variety, curved shoots, when grafted on a high trunk, forms a weeping crown shape with hanging branches
• "Variegata" (syn. "Pendula Variegata")
  - decorative variety, curved shoots, when grafted on a high trunk, forms a weeping crown shape with hanging branches, variegated leaves
• "Rosina" (syn. "Rosina") - fruit variety of German origin
• "Rossica" (syn. "Rossika", "Russian", "Russian") - fruit variety
• "Rossica Major" (syn. "Rossica Major", "Russian large-fruited", "Russian large-fruited") - fruit variety