Declension of pronouns in German with translation. Pronouns in German

German personal pronouns, like Russian ones, are declined. The declension of personal pronouns in German is given in the table. It needs to be learned.

Please note that the table does not include Genitiv personal pronouns because this form is obsolete and is rarely used in modern German.

Exercises on the topic “Declination of personal pronouns in German”

1. Instead of the highlighted nouns, use the corresponding German personal pronouns in Singular or Plural. Do this exercise in writing.

For example: Du fragst Deine Mutter. - Du fragst sie (ee).
Er sucht seine Mappe und seine Karte. - Er sucht sie (theirs).

a) 1. Sein Zimmer ist unten. 2. Der Student wohnt oben. 3. Sie sucht ihr Heft. 4. Meine Schwester fragt den Vater. 5. Er wiederholt die Regel. 6. Der Dozent zeigt diesem Students seine Arbeit. 7. Zeigter seiner Tochter ein Buch?

b) 1. Der Sohn und die Tochter commen heute. 2. Die Mutter sagt ihrer Tochter und ihrem Sohn: "Guten Morgen." 3. Die Studentin sucht ihr Buch und ihr Heft. 4. Student zeigt dem Aspiranten und dem Dosenten seine Arbeit.

2. Complete the sentences with personal pronouns in brackets, using them in the appropriate case. Do it in writing.

1. Dieser Lehrer fragt … nicht oft. (du) 2. Die Studentin antwortet … richtig. (er) 3. Die Tante sagt...: “Ich komme heute um sechs.” (sie they) 4. Er sucht... lange. (wir) 5. Wir bitten…sehr. (Sie) 6. Wem antworten Sie? Ich antworte…, Kinder. (ihr) 7. Lene und Katja schreiben ... oft. (ich) 8. Du antwortest...gern. (sie she)
1. a) 1. es; 2.er; 3.es; 4.ihn; 5.sie; 6.ihm; 7.ihr

b) 1.sie; 2. ihnen; 3.sie; 4. ihnen

2. 1. dich; 2.ihm; 3. ihnen; 4. uns; 5. Sie; 6. euch; 7. mir; 8.ihr

Possessive pronouns answer the question "whose?" and indicate belonging ( my answer; our work, etc.). As in Russian, all personal pronouns in German have corresponding possessives; you need to remember them:

Note that ihr (Ihr) means both “ee” and “their” (“your”).

In Russian, in addition to the listed possessive pronouns, there is one more possessive pronoun mine(own). It is “universal”, i.e. can be used instead of any other possessive pronoun.

I'm visiting theirs (=my) parents every week. My friend visits often theirs (=his) parents. you are visiting yours (=yours) sick friend?

In German there is no such “universal” possessive pronoun. Therefore the value "mine" in German conveyed by one of the possessive pronouns listed above, namely, those which corresponds to the subject's face.

For example:

Ich besuche meine Eltern jede Woche. Mein Freund ( er)besucht seine Eltern oft. Besuchen Sie Ihren kranken Freund?

Task 1. Indicate: a) in which of the following sentences the Russian pronoun “your” corresponds to the German ihr (Ihr):

1. She will finish her work in a month. 2. I haven’t seen my sister for a long time. 3. Do you do your homework in the evening? 4. Oleg helps his family. 5. After college, friends will go to their home village.

b) what possessive pronouns should be used in the remaining sentences.

More about possessive pronouns can be read and

Personal pronouns in German

Personal pronouns can be not only the subject of a sentence ( compare: Ich lese Deutsch. Er spricht gut.). They can also answer the questions “to whom?”, “whom?”, i.e. be a complement. You need to remember their forms:

Task 2. Indicate which personal pronouns in German can be used instead of the highlighted ones, and how the meaning of the following sentences will change:

1. Geben Sie mir bitte diesels Buch! 2. Ich sehe Sie oft in der Bibliothek.

Please note that in Russian, personal pronouns of the 3rd person answer the question “whom?” ( his, ee, their) coincide with possessives ( his, ee, their).

I see his often ( whom? - "his" - personal pronoun ).

I see often his sister ( whose sister? - "his" - possessive pronoun ).

There is no such coincidence in German.

I see his often. - Ich sehe ihn oft.

I see often his sister. - Ich sehe seine Schwester oft.

Therefore the words "his", "ee", "their" V various functions correspond different words German language:

him - who? - ihn, whose? - sein
ee - who? - sie, whose? - ihr
them - who? - sie, whose? - ihr

Task 3. Indicate which sentences need to be used when translating: a) the pronoun sie; b) pronoun ihr:

1. My sister Olga and her husband Nikolai live in Moscow. 2. I love her very much. 3. She has been working at school for many years. 4. Their children - Misha and Tanya - are already big. 5. They have their own families. 6. Now I see them often.

Keys to assignments on the topic “Possessive and personal pronouns in German”

1. a) 1; 3; 5. b) mein; 4.sein.

2. 1. ihm; ihr; uns; ihnen. 2.ihn; dich; sie; euch.

02/12/2014 WEDNESDAY 00:00

GRAMMAR

Personal pronouns- Personalpronomen - indicate a person or object.

In this article we will get to know:

With personal pronouns;

With their inclination;

And with their use.

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns include:

Personal pronouns always denote persons. Personal pronouns can refer to both persons and objects.

Personal pronouns have two numbers: singular and plural.

The 3rd person singular has all three genders.

Personal pronouns change by case, that is, they are inclined.

Declension of personal pronouns

The 1st and 2nd person pronouns do not differ in gender. Only the 3rd person pronoun has all three genders in the singular.

Use of personal pronouns

Personal pronouns are used instead of nouns.

Since the gender of nouns in German and Russian languages ​​does not always coincide, it is necessary to translate German personal pronouns into Russian pronouns depending on the gender of the Russian noun being replaced:

Das ist ein Buch. Es gehört mir.

This is a book. She belongs to me.

Hier ist ein Fluss. Er ist breit.

There is a river here. It's wide.

1. Ich - I denotes the speaker and is used in direct speech.

Ich tanze mit ihr.

I'm dancing with her.

2. Du - you are also used in direct speech. This is the person who is directly addressed. This form of address indicates friendly relations. it is used in the family, between relatives, friends, good acquaintances, among young people, adults to children, to animals, objects or abstract concepts:

Du bist mein bester Freund!

You are my best friend!

Ich befehle dir.

I order you.

3.Er - he, sie - she, es - it denotes the one being spoken about.

Dort steht ein Mann. Ihn kenne ich nicht.

A man is standing there. I don't know him.

Sie kommt zu mir.

She comes up to me.

4. Wir - we are used by a speaker or author when addressing on behalf of or with reference to two or more persons.

Wir fahren ins Ausland.

We are going abroad.

5. The pronoun ihr - you is used when addressing children, friends, etc., i.e. to several persons, with each of whom the speaker addresses on “you”:

Kinder, kommt ihr in den Wald?

Guys, are you going to the forest?

6. The pronoun Sie - You is used to express politeness when addressing adults and strangers or one or more persons with whom the speaker addresses “You”.

In grammatical terms, it coincides with the 3rd person plural pronoun sie - they.

The form of polite address Sie - You is written with a capital letter in all cases:

Herr Müller, commen Sie morgen?

Mr. Müller, will you come tomorrow?

Herren, Gehen Sie mit?

Gentlemen, are you coming with us?

Zum Geburtstag wünsche ich Ihnen alles Gute.

On the occasion of your birthday, I wish you all the best.

Darf ich Sie zum Tanz bitten?

Can I invite you to dance?

Personal pronouns ich - I, du - you, wir - we, ihr - you, Sie - you denote only persons, and personal pronouns er - he, sie - she, es - it, sie - they- faces and objects.

Genitiv- Genitive- personal pronouns are rarely used, only with verbs requiring Genitiv:

Ich gedenke deiner.

I remember about you.

Pronouns (die Pronomen) in German, as in any other language, are a part of speech that indicates an object, attribute, quality or person and can replace them without naming them.
Pronouns are personal, interrogative, indefinite and negative. In this lesson we will look at the system of personal pronouns in the German language.

Personal pronouns: rules, pronunciation

As in Russian, in German there are three persons (1st, 2nd and 3rd) and two numbers (singular and plural) of pronouns. It is important to note that the German language also has a system of cases - there are four of them. The table below shows pronouns in the nominative (Nominativ) case.

Please note that the pronoun “ihr” (you) is used when addressing a group of people as “you”. If you want to address someone formally or to show politeness, you should use the pronoun “Sie” (You), which, as in Russian, is always written with a capital letter.

Remember! Personal pronouns ich, du, wir, ihr, Sie always denote persons. Personal pronouns er, sie (she), es, sie (they) can denote both persons and objects.

To know which pronoun to replace a particular noun, you must know the gender of the noun. We will look at the topic of gender of nouns in one of the following lessons, but for now let's talk about another important part of speech - the verb.

Verb conjugation: rules, examples

A verb (das Verb) is a part of speech that denotes an action, state or process. Verbs of the German language are conjugated, that is, they change according to persons and numbers, tenses, moods, and have a voice. Conjugated (inflected) forms of a verb are called finite forms of the verb.

1. Person and number. Verbs have three persons and two numbers - in each person and number the verb has its own endings. Verbs that are used in all three persons are called personal. However, in German there are verbs that are used only in the 3rd person singular (for example: regnen - to talk about rain). Such verbs are called impersonal.
2. Time. Verbs denote actions in three tenses: present, future and past. There are six tense forms for their expression in German.
3. Mood shows the speaker's attitude towards the statement. There are indicative (der Indikativ), imperative (der Imperative) and subjunctive (der Konjunktiv) moods.
4. Pledge shows the direction of action. Whether the subject performed the action independently, or whether the action was performed on him.

The verb in German also has three main forms: infinitive (Infinitiv), preteritum (Präteritum) and participle II (Partizip II). The verb consists of a stem and an ending “en”: geh-en, schlaf-en, hab-en.

According to the type of conjugation, verbs in German are divided into:

1. Strong verbs. Three forms are formed by changing the root vowel: gehen – ging – gegangen.
2. Weak verbs. They do not change the vowel at the root when conjugating: machen – machte – gemacht.
3. Verbs of mixed type (verbs that, when conjugated, exhibit both the characteristics of weak and the characteristics of strong verbs).
4. Irregular and modal.

In this lesson we will look at conjugating weak and strong verbs. All weak verbs are conjugated the same way. This is the largest group of verbs in the German language. Strong verbs are modified according to special rules. This is a small group of verbs - it should be learned by heart (all three main forms). You can find verb tables in a dictionary or any grammar textbook.

So, weak verbs are verbs that:

• have the suffix -(e)te- in Imperfekt;
• have the suffix -(e)t in Partizip II;
• do not change the vowel radically: machen – machte – gemacht.

Let's conjugate the weak verb machen (to do).

If the stem of the verb ends in -t, -d, -dm, -tm, -dn, -tn, -chn, -gn, -ffn - then in the 2nd and 3rd person singular and in the 2nd person In the plural, the connecting vowel “e” is added to the stem of the verb.

Let's conjugate the verb baden (to wash).

When conjugating strong verbs, the vowel changes radically in the 2nd and 3rd person singular:

1. a changes to ä (except for the verb schaffen - to create);
2. au changes to äu;
3. e changes to i, ie(except for the verbs gehen - to go, heben - to raise).

Let's conjugate the verb schlafen (to sleep). This is a strong verb, which means the vowel in the root in the 2nd and 3rd person will change.

Important! For verbs whose stem ends in — s, —ss, —ß, — z, —tz in the 2nd person singular the final consonant of the stem merges with the personal ending.

Lesson assignments

To consolidate the material you have covered, try doing a few exercises on your own.

Exercise 1. Conjugate weak verbs:

fragen (to ask), lernen (to teach), glauben (to believe), leben (to live), kosten (to stand).

Exercise 2. Conjugate strong verbs:

geben (give), fahren (ride), laufen (jump), stoßen (push), tragen (carry, carry).

Answers to exercise 1:

Answers to exercise 2.