Modern combined house made of wood and brick - chalet.

As the title suggests, in this article we will cover not only projects combined houses made of brick and timber. Its subject matter is broader - combining different materials in private housing construction. So, let's go...

Combined materials

Let's start with those cases when two different materials are combined in one structural element.

I-beam from OSB

The shape of the I-beam is designed to provide maximum rigidity with respect to a bending load directed in a certain direction. With much less material consumption, it practically does not differ in strength from solid timber the corresponding section.

However, if any shape can be cast from metal, then the economic feasibility of producing an I-beam from solid timber is questionable: yes, we will lighten the structure, but it will go to waste most of quality wood.

One solution is a glued structure made from a strip of oriented strand board and two small cross-section bars. OSB provides bending rigidity, and the timber provides ease of installation.

Please note: in addition, the bars do not allow the OSB strip to curl under load.

The basis of the ceiling is a combined I-beam.

SIP panels

Another example of an extremely successful combination of dissimilar materials is sip panels. If in frame house The sheathing is devoid of load-bearing functions and rigidity is ensured, then two layers of OSB glued together and a layer of extruded polystyrene foam form a rigid structure. Note - a structure with excellent load-bearing capacity.

The advantages of the building material are quite numerous:

Low price. The panel is slightly more expensive than a set of two OSB boards and insulation; but we save significantly on the frame.
Easy DIY installation. The instructions for assembling the wall are ridiculously simple: just insert the timber into the grooves of the ends of adjacent panels and tighten the OSB to it with self-tapping screws. Additional reliability and tightness of the connection is ensured by preliminary foaming.
Structural strength. The practice of using houses in regions with frequent hurricane winds has shown that they can withstand the violence of the elements without fatal destruction.
Unlike frame structures.
Excellent thermal insulation qualities. Of course, the claim that a house made of sip panels can be heated with a couple of candles is a fiction. However, the consumption of thermal energy to maintain constant temperature in the structure and actually decreases from what is considered a standard 100 to 35-40 watts per square meter area.

Combined timber

This material is in some way a development of the idea of sip panels, adapted to the aesthetics of wooden architecture. Combined laminated veneer lumber is two lamellas made of high-quality wood of low humidity with a layer of extruded polystyrene foam glued between them.

Conventional laminated veneer lumber and combined timber have noticeably different properties in favor of the latter:

Combined is noticeably cheaper. The difference in price reaches a third: after all, foamed polymer is much cheaper than high-grade wood, especially taking into account the costs of its drying and processing.
It's lighter. The density of expanded polystyrene is much lower than the density of any wood, not excluding light spruce, pine and cedar. From a practical point of view, the lower weight of each crown means not only easier installation, but also less load on the foundation. Therefore, you can also save on it.
Finally, the main thing: and here we get where better thermal insulation, allowing you to do without additional insulation walls and significantly save on heating.

Combined buildings

Brick or wood? This question haunts many generations of independent builders. There are many compelling arguments in favor of both solutions.

Advantages of brick

The masonry is extremely durable. IN brick house there is no need to fear unauthorized entry from the outside (at least through walls); He is not afraid of hurricanes, tornadoes and other natural disasters. Even a flood in a brick house will only force the walls to dry out, but a beam or log will most likely leak.
Brick wall - solid foundation for massive upper floors. In this case, the builder does not need to worry whether the mass of the floors will become excessive for load-bearing walls load.

Advantages of timber

In favor construction timber No fewer arguments can be given:

It has much better thermal insulation qualities. With the same thermal resistance of the wall, you can make it 2.5 - 3 times thicker.

Construction will be much faster: after all structural element has much larger linear dimensions.

It is worth clarifying: we are talking about construction from dry timber. The material is so called natural humidity requires at least six months of preservation for shrinkage.

The walls have excellent vapor and air permeability. IN wooden house It's never stuffy or damp.
Finally, the tree is simply very beautiful material. Glued laminated or profiled timber thanks to high-quality processing surfaces may well become an independent design element.

Solution

The solution to the problem of choice can be quite simple: combined houses made of brick and timber are buildings in which the walls from the foundation to interfloor covering built of brick, and above the ceiling - wooden or reinforced concrete - rises a made one.

The photo shows a combined house under construction.

As a rule, there is a functional division of floors:

In the brick part of the building there remains a garage, a dining room, a kitchen, a boiler room, a sauna and other premises for purely functional and technical purposes.
Bedrooms and recreational area - living room, children's room, etc. - migrate inside the wooden part of the house.

What is the result?

A combined house made of timber and brick is not afraid of floods. In any case, the damage from them will not be comparable to the scale of damage in a solid wooden house.
Brick walls can become a reliable foundation for a monolithic or slab reinforced concrete floor, which in a number of parameters is more convenient than any flooring on wooden beams.
At the same time, the inhabitants of the house are provided with maximum comfort: they have all the advantages of a wooden structure.

Conclusion

As usual, the video in this article will demonstrate at least useful information. Good luck in construction!

The stone is solid, strong, durable, does not rot or deteriorate from moisture, and is fireproof. But in a stone building, many people feel a lack of comfort, and city stone apartments are quite boring. In addition, the stone takes too long to heat up if, say, you need to come to an unheated dacha in winter.

Wood has a beneficial effect on the psychological climate in the home, creating an atmosphere of warmth and comfort, and perfectly regulates the humidity in the room (“breathes”), creating an optimal microclimate for people. In a wooden house, a different, more personal and emotional perception of the home arises than in a typical cell of a metropolitan high-rise building. But what frightens many people is that wood is a very flammable material; In addition, wood is afraid of moisture and microorganisms.

By combining a stone bottom and a wooden top in one building, we have the opportunity to “kill two birds with one stone” by dividing the functions between the stone and wooden parts in such a way as to take advantage of all the advantages of these materials. And the externally combined house looks unconventional and very beautiful. Therefore, projects of combined houses are deservedly popular.

Where is wood used and where is brick?

First floor combined house can be built of brick (and in this case the most profitable solution- with external insulation using the “ventilated facade” method) or from foam or aerated concrete blocks. As a rule, it contains such “flammable” rooms as a kitchen, boiler room, fireplace room, sauna, and garage.

Second, attic floor it is built from wood: rounded logs, glued or profiled timber, unplaned timber with external insulation and external finishing. Far from the wet ground and sheltered from the rain by large overhangs of the roof, and also treated with a protective and decorative composition, the wood lasts a long time, does not deteriorate and does not age. On the second floor, with its comfort and ecology, there are usually living rooms.

The interior decoration of a combined house is based on a “dialogue” of two main materials - stone and wood, which harmoniously combine with each other, at the same time creating variety and originality. Typically, the interiors of a combined cottage are designed in one of the varieties of “country” style, designed to emphasize the beauty natural materials and natural forms.

Chalet style houses

A combined cottage is a very beautiful and time-tested type of construction. Since the Middle Ages, similar buildings have been erected in the Alps, initially as shepherd's huts. Subsequently, brought to perfection, the Alpine style of combined chalet houses gained enormous popularity in Europe. It has bright and recognizable features, such as sloping gable roof with large overhangs and a canopy, spacious terraces, often located outside the perimeter of the house and supported by columns. But at the same time, the “chalet” architectural style gives the widest scope for creative imagination. For example, the second floor can be made either in the form of a log house or in the medieval “half-timbered” style.

By the way, in pre-revolutionary Russia such houses were also held in high esteem. Practical merchants, for example, often installed residential wooden frame on the stone ground floor, where the store, warehouse and utility rooms were located.

Specific choice building materials And constructive solutions allows you to flexibly and widely vary the budget for the construction of a combined country house. We offer you how standard projects, as well as the construction of turnkey combined houses according to individual projects.

In private housing construction and other low-rise construction, a number of materials are used, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The technology of their combination, in particular, by building combined houses from foam block and wood, makes it possible to extract maximum benefit from the use of these two most popular building materials. Combining excellent characteristics foam concrete blocks with the warmth and lightness of natural timber, you can build a beautiful, comfortable house quite quickly and relatively inexpensively.

Most often, combined houses of this type are two- or three-story buildings, the lower part of which is made of foam blocks, and the upper part is assembled according to the principle of a log house. The main advantages of this technology are:

reduction of financial and time costs for construction;
ensuring maximum efficiency during operation.

For houses made of foam block and wooden buildings has a lot of its own advantages.

Each of them is considered better than the other in certain parameters, and the combination of these characteristics allows you to get best option buildings:

the combination of the strength of foam concrete with the environmental friendliness of the timber creates in the house an ideal atmosphere for living with good air exchange and a favorable climate;
the low weight of both building materials makes the building lighter, so it does not require a powerful, solid foundation;
laying with foam concrete blocks is carried out quickly, the material is easy to process, does not shrink, which significantly reduces the time of construction work;
both materials have high thermal insulation characteristics, so the house will be comfortable in any weather;
the combination of blocks with timber does not impose any design restrictions - such houses are distinguished by a wide variety of designs;
block masonry and wooden wall They have a smooth surface, which allows the use of any decorative coatings.

Among the disadvantages of houses of this type, only one stands out - different terms exploitation of block and wood. Therefore, over time, the first floor will remain unchanged, but the upper floor may become unusable.

To avoid such problems, you should use only well-treated dry wood for construction, equip competent system drainage, ensure high-quality sealing of cross sections and timely proper maintenance of this part of the building.

You should also pay close attention to the processing of wood if they are intended to be faced with blocks. This option is also considered combined. Before you put it on wooden houses foam block, it is necessary to create conditions under which the wooden wall will not get wet, and if it gets wet, it will dry quickly.

Features of combined houses

Despite the great versatility of such buildings, there are some rules that must be followed during their design, layout, construction, and exterior decoration. Compliance with these recommendations will allow you to most effectively implement the idea of combining building materials.

Construction principles

The main principle is that the lower level is laid out from foam blocks, and the wood should be on top. Such a house will have the necessary strength and maximum comfortable conditions accommodation.

It is also important to ensure a reliable connection between walls of different materials. In rather fragile foam concrete, steel anchors cannot be securely fastened for fixation wooden supports. Therefore, it will be necessary to pour a monolithic reinforced concrete belt around the entire perimeter of the building. He will provide reliable fastening bolts, will increase the rigidity of the entire structure.

Planning and design

Typical designs of “foam concrete-wood” houses assume the location of common and utility rooms (living room, kitchen, workshop, garage, boiler room) on the ground floor. On the top floor there are usually bedrooms, children's rooms, offices, playrooms and other living rooms.

It is this layout that makes the use of the combination idea most profitable:

foam block is a durable fireproof material that will become reliable support for the entire building, will ensure heat retention, excellent sound insulation;
wood will create an ideal climate, a comfortable atmosphere.

There are several other options for building block-wooden houses. For example, the lower floor may be recessed to a semi-basement or basement level.

You can also build a three-level building, but at the same time ground floor must be executed from monolithic reinforced concrete, the first is made of foam block, the second is wood.

Exterior finishing

Combinations of different materials can be used not only in the construction of walls, but also in their finishing. Any decor is suitable for a combined house: foam block masonry can be covered with blockhouse or siding, covered with tiles, and finished with decorative plaster.

It is customary to leave a wooden structure in its original form, covering only protective equipment. But if the tree has an unattractive appearance, then it can also be covered with the same finishing materials. In some cases external finishing used to hide the combination of materials.

Economic benefit

In order to finally decide which houses are better to build - wooden, foam block or combined, it is necessary to understand not only their performance characteristics, but also economic feasibility using two materials at the same time.

Because the foam concrete blocks have a low cost, the amount of savings will depend on the choice of timber:

ordinary lumber with natural moisture costs half as much as foam blocks, but requires additional processing;
profiled dry timber has a higher price, but is easy to install, practically does not shrink, which will significantly reduce the time of construction work;
Glued laminated timber is the most expensive lumber; it does not require additional processing, and its characteristics are best suited to foam blocks.

In any case, using timber together with foam blocks will allow you to build a strong, comfortable beautiful house at no additional cost. Such a structure can externally look the way the owner wants (if it is decorated or covered with appropriate material), and will serve it for a long time, reliably, without creating problems.

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Modern houses are diverse architectural styles and provide a wide field of activity for unusual design solutions. Nowadays, low-rise houses and cottages are very popular. For those who strive for exclusivity and sophistication in the construction of their home, there is an excellent solution - a house combined type.

History of the chalet

A combined stone house combines environmental friendliness, strength and individuality. They can combine wood and stone, timber and brick. They are very practical and sometimes even cost-effective.

Combined buildings have been used for a very long time. Their ancestors are the houses of alpine shepherds or so-called chalets. These buildings had a stone bottom, and the superstructures and terraces were made of lighter materials or wood. Now such structures are firmly entrenched in our lives.

Advantages and advantages of combined buildings

Projects of combined houses built from mixed materials are very practical. Their advantage over other housing options exceeds all expectations. Typically, the lower part of a combined house is built of stone and is considered fireproof. This is, first of all, excellent fire protection.

In this part, premises that require reliable protection from fires: kitchen, garage, sauna, bathhouse and are located household premises, such as a laundry room or boiler room. In addition, stone and wood are environmentally friendly building materials and have high strength, which ensures the durability of the building.

Another advantage of the combined type of construction is heat conservation. The lower floor, made of brick, will keep you cool even in hot weather; in winter, warmth is maintained by heating system. The upper tier of the building is made of wood and, according to the laws of physics, will always remain warm, even in the absence of heating, since wood retains heat perfectly, and it usually goes up.

But the main advantage of such buildings is their low cost, because the materials used for construction can be purchased in your region and without delivery from other areas, which significantly reduces their cost, and construction does not require the use of special equipment and the time for their commissioning is significantly reduced.

In addition to all these advantages, the combination diversifies the architecture, allows for free planning and individual solutions in the decoration of facades and interiors.

Selection of material for construction

Stones can be used in the construction of combined houses natural origin, but their cost will be very high. To reduce the cost of construction estimates, foam blocks, bricks, or poured stones are usually used in the construction of the first floor. monolithic concrete, since it is this tier that will bear the main load.

In the construction of the second floor, more lightweight material — natural timber coniferous trees or aspen. Most often, to reduce the cost, a house is built from combined timber. This is not inferior in design and quality to buildings made from natural materials.

Thanks to special manufacturing technology, a building made from this material will last even longer than one made from natural wood.

Combining materials during construction

Brick and wood play the same role as finishing materials, so they can be easily combined. Construction of a house from combined brick may not require additional finishing of the facade, since the wood-brick combination itself looks attractive, the main thing is to choose the right architectural style.

It is not necessary to design a building according to the scheme: the first floor is stone, the second is wood. It is possible to provide a frame for the second floor not made of wood, but of metal, then in the construction of the second floor there will be elements of masonry or panoramic glazing, which will give the cottage a more interesting architectural option.

If a combined house has three levels, then it is most reliable to carry it out according to the design: the ground floor is a concrete monolith; the first is a brick, and the second is wood, timber or metal carcass followed by display glazing.

Finishing of the combined facade

The combined building does not have a specific style in the design of the facade. When choosing a building project, it is important to decide on its finishing. This may be designed in the same style, which will remove the external difference between the first and second floors.

Options for such finishing may be different: masonry facing bricks, panel design or decorative plaster. Alternative option design can be a combined facade of the house. This is the difference in finishing for the lower and upper parts of the house.

The first floor can be lined with brick, natural or decorative stone, ceramic tiles. If the second floor is made of timber, then it can be left in its original form, simply varnished, or it can be lined with clapboard or wall panels.

Disadvantages of combined houses and choice of project

Having made a choice in favor of a combined building, one must also take into account its disadvantages. We must not forget that stone will last longer than wood and the service life of the first and second tiers is not the same. Therefore, when choosing a material, you need to carefully study what technologies were used to produce it, and make a choice in favor quality wood, and to assemble the frame it is better to contact specialists.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the correct installation of communications in order to avoid moisture getting on wooden base and the quality of sealing of all wooden structures.

Before starting to build a house, it is important to decide on its external architecture, make a choice of design and design of the structure itself. To do this, you can contact construction companies, study photos of combined houses, get advice from experienced designer and then the dream of two-story cottage will become reality.

Photos of combined houses

The desire to have your own Vacation home forces many residents of the metropolis to invest fabulous sums in construction. And the more intricate the cottage project, the greater the construction financing should be. At the same time the price finished house depends to a large extent on the material used for construction. And since stone is mainly used for assembling houses in Russia, a cottage costs a pretty penny. However, there is a very productive method of saving a family money on building their own nest - cozy and durable houses made of stone and wood. So, as a result of a combination of materials, it will be possible to save on the installation of the entire structure.

Types of combined houses

The use of diverse building materials in the construction of houses has been known to history since the 15th century. And the main harmonious combination was the combination of stone and wood. This tandem allows you to make a powerful load-bearing base (or first floor) and install a lightweight version of the second floor or attic made of wood above it. The most popular examples of such combinations are:

Half-timbered houses. They originate from of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The construction of such buildings is based on wooden frame, which is filled with natural stone block. Or this same timber frame is mounted on a pre-arranged stone lower floor. The house takes on the contours of reliability, massiveness and strength.
Chalet houses. They are also familiar as hunter's houses. These buildings came into architecture from the mountain Alps, where shepherds and hunters equipped themselves with housing in order to shelter from the changeable weather of the mountains. Snow or unexpected winds, rain or hot sun - all this could overtake the shepherd in the mountains at any moment. It was as a shelter that strong chalet cottages were built, based on a strong stone (ground) floor and wooden attic, sheltered from snow and wind by a sloping roof. Such a house made of wood and stone has today turned into special style architectural direction.

Important: the basic rule when combining materials in construction is to install a lighter floor above a heavier one. And even if the house has three floors, load bearing capacity building materials should decrease from bottom to top. For example, a concrete ground floor, then the first floor is made of blocks or bricks, the third floor is exclusively wooden.

Types of material combinations

The construction of combined buildings is similar to the work of a sculptor. Here you can interpret it in such a way that the finished cottage turns out to be unlike any of the neighboring ones. In this case, the developer most often uses the following types of combinations:

Monolithic reinforced concrete and rounded logs. Here, coarser, hand-processed chopped round timber can be used. Note that a reliable reinforced concrete level acts as a basement semi-basement floor. It is subsequently sheathed on the outside with clinker tiles or simply plastered. The use of a reinforced concrete monolith in the form of a basement floor is relevant on non-heaving soils with low level occurrence of groundwater.
The combination of a brick first floor with a lighter and flat timber. In this case, either a strip reinforced concrete foundation is installed under the house, or monolithic slab. Everything depends on the type of soil on the site and the level groundwater On him. It is worth noting that bricks and timber, having a perfectly even shape, create an original tandem for installing a house in the style of half-timbered construction.
You can also build a three-story house from combined materials. Combined houses made of foam blocks and wood on top of a monolithic basement level are relevant here. At the same time, the final appearance will purchase a house thanks to the developer chosen exterior finishing stone floors. The tree will speak for itself.
And there is also a cheaper combination of materials from timber or logs on the first floor and a frame-panel structure on the second. But this technology is used for small cottages and if you want to save a lot.

Important: in any case of installing a stone first level, the fire safety of the finished house increases several times. Since it is in the basement (lower) level of the house that all utility and utility rooms are located, such as a kitchen, garage, boiler room, workshop, fireplace room, etc.

Advantages of houses made of combined materials

The construction of a combined house has a number of advantages compared to the installation of a homogeneous cottage. Especially if it was originally planned to build the entire house out of stone. So, the main positive aspects of such a construction are:

Significant savings construction budget. Moreover, money is saved not only due to the cost of diverse materials - stone and wood. The estimate melts before our eyes as a result of the fact that houses made of brick or blocks and timber ultimately have less mass than a completely stone building. As a result, a lightweight type of foundation can be installed under such a house. But it is the basis that most often costs about 30-40% of the entire construction budget. In addition, you will be able to save on hiring workers to install the cottage. That is, the payment to masons will be less than if they built the whole stone house. And renting special equipment for building a combined house is cheaper.
Wide architectural possibilities. Most often, non-standard designs of combined houses made of brick and wood are used to construct combined houses. Here, the extensions of the left or right wing of the house may predominate as an area for a utility room. At the same time, this area of the cottage is also reliably protected from precipitation by a sloping roof, like any other part of the house. You can also hide all utility rooms in the basement from prying eyes, and leave only cozy and comfortable rooms on the first floor and attic for guests to see. Stained glass glazing, an attic balcony under the roof or a spacious terrace on the eastern part of the cottage are used as the surroundings of the house.
It is also worth noting that you can move into a combined house immediately, but using only the first or basement floor. Since the stone is not subject to natural shrinkage, That interior decoration the lower level can be performed immediately upon completion of construction. The upper wooden level should be given time to shrink and only after that begin interior work.
The heat capacity of a combined house will be several times higher than that of a house made entirely of stone. After all, wood retains heat perfectly, which means high-quality heating of the first floor can be ensured optimal temperature second level. This, by the way, saves money on maintaining a finished house.
In addition, the stone lower floor is more resistant to seasonal changes in the ground, which means ensuring a longer service life of the finished cottage.
In addition, it is the wooden part of the combined stone-wood house that ensures optimal microcirculation throughout the entire room. After all, wood breathes constantly, regardless of temperature changes outside and inside the building.

However, the combined cottage also has one significant disadvantage - the difference in the service life of building materials. Thus, stone can provide a house with a life of 100 years or more. While top level a cottage made of timber or logs will require repairs in 30-40 years. However, this nuance can also be interpreted as a positive point - there is a chance to redesign the attic level to suit the needs of an increasing family. That is, both children and grandchildren can be provided with a separate spacious room in a cozy, strong home.

The nuances of building a combined structure

To competently combine two types of building materials into a single and strong monolithic structure, several basic requirements must be met:

So, you need to combine wood with stone using special steel pins mounted in masonry. Wherein stone surface Before installing wooden crowns, it is necessary to waterproof them.
Wood, in turn, must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants before laying in order to increase its fire safety and resistance to rot.
The stone part of the house is finished with plaster or cladding. A decorative design wooden level, if necessary, is done using lining. Although wood is an independent and harmonious building material.

Features of the design of combined buildings

In order for a house made of aerated concrete (brick, foam concrete or reinforced concrete monolith) to become a real haven for the whole family, several nuances must be taken into account during its construction (at the design stage):

So, in the lower part of the cottage all utility, utility and public premises are usually located. If the house has only two levels, then recreation rooms such as a billiard room, a fireplace room, or a living room will also be arranged here. At the same level, but away from the “noisy” rooms, you can also arrange an office. If the house is supposed to have a basement level, then this is where all the household rooms are located. On the ground floor there is a kitchen, dining room, fireplace and office. And already in the attic they design all the rooms for sleeping. You can also place a children's room here.
An excellent solution is offered by such house designs, where a room for a family business is arranged on the ground floor. This could be a workshop or atelier, a small shop or an office. Autumn is a convenient time to work as a family without leaving home and without wasting time on the road to the workplace.

Advice: but in this case, you should make sure that all household members have a separate entrance to the house, hidden from prying eyes. It would be better if it was a courtyard hidden by a fence. Such a project of a combined house - great option for a large family.