Technological map for façade insulation with polystyrene foam. Scope of application of the technological map for penoplex Typical technological maps for the installation of mineral wool

The building has a plan size of 25.2 × 37.2. The height of the insulated walls is 6m. There are 28 windows on the facade. 1.2 x 2.4 and 2 doors measuring 2.2 x 1.8

1 GENERAL PART. AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

Expanded polystyrene blocks are used to insulate external enclosing structures during new construction, reconstruction and major renovation existing buildings and structures with subsequent plastering work using the “wet facade” technology.

live The main elements of insulation are:

The card provides for facade insulation with polystyrene foam blocks during the construction of new and reconstruction of existing buildings and structures.

2 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

The scope of work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of scaffolding, installation of PSB.

Table. Work count sheet

Work is performed in 1 shift. There are 5 lines of assemblers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line.

		Labor Costing
NN	Rationale	Name of works	Unit.	Scope of work	N. time per unit	Even composition	N time for the entire volume
Prof.	resolution	Number
	GESN 09-O4-10-3	Construction and dismantling of scaffolding	m2		0,4	installer
	GESN 26-01-041 01	Installation and fastening of insulation	1m 3		18,7	installer			1234,2
		Fastening horizon elements	100 pieces.	2,10	36,34	installer

GESN 26-01-041 01. Insulation of cold surfaces with foam products

Meter: 1 m3 insulation

The scope of work is normal:

01. Preparation of the insulated surface. 02. Sawing slabs. 03. Installation of frame slats with fastenings. 04. Preparation of the solution. 05. Coating the insulated surface with glue. 06. Laying thermal insulation materials with adjustment and fastening.

Installation of PSB

1234/8=154 people/day

154/5*2=15.4 working days

Before starting installation work, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

According to the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001, the working area (as well as approaches to it and nearby areas) is exempt from building structures, materials, mechanisms and construction waste - from the wall of the building to the boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating façade lifts;

Store sheets from composite material on a construction site it is necessary on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on a level place, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for a period of more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

MAIN WORK

When organizing installation work, the area of ​​the building facade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different teams of installers from the first or second facade lifts (Fig.). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (5 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building.

The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Direction of work

Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out as follows: technological sequence:

1. Fastening the base profile;

2. Applying an adhesive solution to the surface of the insulation;

3. Gluing the insulation to the wall surface;

4. Fastening the insulation to the wall with plastic dowels;

5. Leveling the surface of the glued slabs;

The lower part of the insulating layer is protected from mechanical damage using a base profile (see figure). These profiles, except protective functions, hold the first row of insulating boards, and a drip molded on the bottom of the profile eliminates water leaks along the base wall from rain, which may appear after rain. The dimensions of the plinth profiles are suitable for different thickness thermal insulation. The insulation must fit exactly into the base profile without gaps.

Rice. Attaching the plinth profile to the wall

Attaching the insulation

To attach insulation boards to the surface, a cement-based adhesive mixture is used for interior and exterior work. Mixture consumption – 2.2-2.9 kg/m2.

Gluing insulation Produce at a temperature not lower than +50C and no rain. The insulation boards are glued to the base using an adhesive mixture. The adhesive solution is prepared at the construction site manually using an electric mixer:

To the measured amount of water (5-5.5 liters), you need to slowly pour the contents of the bag (25 kg) and mix thoroughly with a drill and stirrer at low speed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, set aside for 10 minutes and then stir again. The solution prepared in this way retains its properties for 4 hours. The mixture is mixed until smooth and free of lumps. Then, it is mixed again after 5 minutes.

Apply the adhesive mass to the edges of the insulation board in strips 3 - 4 cm wide at a distance of about 3 cm from the edge so that during gluing the mass is not squeezed out beyond the edges of the polystyrene foam. Apply about 6-8 cakes, 3-4cm thick, in the central part of the insulation board. Select the amount of mortar so that at least 50% of the slab surface has contact with the base through the glue.

After applying the adhesive solution, immediately attach the slab to the wall in the designated place, fixing it with blows with a long wooden float. At the same time, control the position of the slab in both vertical and horizontal planes using a level. If the glue is squeezed out beyond the contour of the slab, it should be removed. Do not press the insulation boards repeatedly or move them after several minutes. If the slab is glued incorrectly, you should tear it off, remove the adhesive solution from the wall, and then reapply the adhesive mass to the slab and press the slab to the wall surface. Lay the slabs according to horizontal scheme, while maintaining the staggered order of the seams, and “overlapping” at the corners. The width of the vertical and horizontal cracks should not exceed 2 mm. If there is a wider gap, it cannot be filled with an adhesive solution. A narrow strip of insulation should be inserted into such a gap and pressed into place without using an adhesive solution. Before insulating the openings, you need to glue strips of reinforced mesh in them of such a width that they can later be turned out with a margin of 15 cm for polystyrene foam and on the wall. Attach the mesh to the walls using an adhesive solution. The vertical position of the polystyrene foam board is controlled using a leveling ruler

For insulation window and door slopes Insulation boards with a thickness of at least 3 cm should be used. Bring insulation through the slopes up to the frames (boxes). Glue insulation slabs (min. 3cm thick) to the surface of the upper and vertical slopes, cutting them so that the slabs glued to the wall plane exactly adjoin the slabs insulating the slopes. After applying the polystyrene foam to the base, you need to carefully press it with a float. Placing the adhesive on a notched trowel ensures a clean joint between the boards. Cut the expanded polystyrene board to a width 5 mm less than the width of the slope, or before gluing, cut a wedge 8-10 mm wide from the board and fill the gap formed between the expanded polystyrene and silicone mastic window frame. After laying the insulation boards, but before applying the main reinforcing layer, strengthen the corners of the openings by gluing pieces of reinforcing mesh measuring 20x35, the rectangles of which are embedded in the adhesive solution with a smooth trowel. This operation cannot be avoided, as cracks may form that develop from the corner.

The corners of window and door openings should be sanded with a grater and sandpaper. This will allow you to get even sharp corners. If there are gaps between the glued insulation boards, you need to fill them with fitted strips of insulation. In the case of small gaps into which it is difficult to insert insulation, it is recommended to widen them and insert the insulation with force without an adhesive solution. Do not fill gaps with glue.

Leveling the surface of insulation boards

Any uneven surfaces of glued insulation boards should be sanded with abrasive paper attached to a hard trowel. This operation can be performed after the adhesive holding the insulation has hardened (min. 48 hours after gluing the board). This is a very important operation, since thin layers of finishing will not be able to hide even small irregularities.

Fastening insulation boards with dowels

48 - 60 hours after gluing the slabs, you should begin mechanically fastening the slabs to the base using special disc-type dowels.

The number and placement of dowels depends primarily on the following factors:

Insulated wall material;

The type of thermal insulation structure (primarily from its weight along with the adhesive composition, reinforcing mesh, leveling and decorative layers);

Heights of the insulated building;

For walls made of solid brick, stone - 50 mm;

For walls made of hollow brick, light and porous concrete - 80-90 mm.

The depth of the hole for the driven part of the dowel should be 10 - 15 mm greater than the established anchoring depth of the dowel

After securing the dowels, you need to drive spacer tips into them.

If the tip is difficult to drive in completely, you need to pull out the dowel, deepen the hole and hammer the tip in again. Cutting off spacer tips that are not completely driven in is not allowed.

With properly reinforced plastic dowels, their heads should be in the same plane as the polystyrene foam. This can be checked by applying a long strip to the wall. The protruding dowel heads above the surface of the polystyrene foam will be visible after the final finishing of the wall.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

The quality of facade insulation is ensured by ongoing monitoring technological processes preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of ongoing monitoring of technological processes, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up.

In preparation installation work is checked:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

The quality of the insulation (dimensions of the slabs, absence of tears, dents and other defects).

During installation work check for compliance with the project:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation slabs to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

The accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, the gaps at the places where they are joined.

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

Material requirement

Soil 132 kg

PSB-S 25 1000*1000*100 66 m3

Dowel for fastening thermal insulation 10*160 with metal nail 330pcs

Glue bag 25 kg (per 10 m2) 66 bags

Plaster mesh 50 m2

Base strip 125 m

Profile for corners 100 pm

Dowel nails 1000 pcs

Machines, devices, inventory

6 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS

7 WORK SCHEDULE

8 SAFETY, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES

1. Work must be performed by specially trained workers under the guidance and control of engineering and technical workers.

2. Devices designed to ensure the safety of workers and ease of work (cradles, scaffolding) must meet the requirements of GOST 28347-89/ When operating the lift, it is prohibited - to carry out work on the lift at a wind speed of over 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, in the absence of necessary lighting.

3. Work on installation, storage, loading and unloading of long metal structures (cladding panels) should be carried out using gloves. Work at heights with slings and helmets.

4. Small mechanization equipment with voltages above 42 V must be grounded

5. Carrying out cladding and insulation work using flammable materials simultaneously with welding and other work using open fire is prohibited.

6. If a fire or signs of combustion are detected, notify the fire service and take all possible measures.

7. In each shift, constant technical supervision must be provided by foremen, foremen, foremen and other persons responsible for the safe conduct of work.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)

THERMAL INSULATION OF BUILDING FACADE WITH MINERAL COLLECTION PLATES "ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS D"

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION

1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor for performing the technological process and defining the composition of production operations using the most modern means mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology. The TTK is intended for use in the development of the Work Performance Project (WPP) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.

Fig.1. Wall insulation scheme

1 - insulated Brick wall; 2 - insulation plate; 3 - disc-type dowel; 4 - base plaster layer; 5 - fiberglass reinforcing mesh; 6 - primer layer; 7 - finishing plaster; 8 - base rail with special dowels

1.2. This TTK provides instructions on the organization and technology of work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MEP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", defines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection.

1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps is:

- standard drawings;

- building codes and regulations (SNiP, SN, SP);

- factory instructions and technical conditions (TU);

- standards and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);

- production standards for material consumption (NPRM);

- local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.

1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D", time in order to ensure their high quality, as well as:

- reducing the cost of work;

- reduction of construction duration;

- ensuring the safety of work performed;

- organizing rhythmic work;

- rational use labor resources and cars;

- unification of technological solutions.

1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps (RTC) are developed for the implementation individual species works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.

The RTK is reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization.

1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.

The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:

- reviewing map materials and selecting the desired option;

- checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms, building materials used, composition of the worker group) with the accepted option;

- adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;

- recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;

- design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.

1.7. A standard flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work foreman, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the third temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for performing thermal insulation work on the façade of the MEP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" building ", using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, and methods of performing work.

The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:

II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D".

2.2. Work on thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" is carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:

Where is the duration of a work shift without a lunch break;

Production reduction factor;

- conversion factor.

In calculating the standards for time and duration of work, a single-shift operating mode with a work shift duration of 10 hours with a five-day work week was adopted. Net working time during a shift is taken taking into account the coefficient of reduction in output due to an increase in shift duration compared to an 8-hour work shift equal to 0,05 and recycling rate 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week (“Methodological recommendations for organizing rotational work in construction, M-2007”).

where - preparatory and final time, 0.24 hours, incl.

Breaks related to the organization and technology of the process include the following breaks:

Receiving a task at the beginning of the shift and handing over the work at the end 10 min=0.16 hour.

Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. 5 min=0.08 hour.

2.3. The scope of work performed for thermal insulation of the facade of the building of the MVP "ROCKWOOL FACADE BATTS D" includes:

- geodetic marking of the building facade;

- preparation of the construction foundation;

- priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer;

- installation of basement drip;

- installation of window block ebb;

- installation of external side frames of the window block;

- installation of a base profile for installation of insulation;

- gluing heat-insulating boards to the base of the facade;

- mechanical fastening of heat-insulating boards to the facade;

- installation of reinforcing elements and profiles;

- creation of a protective reinforced plaster layer;

- measures for anti-vandal protection;

- priming of the protective reinforced layer;

- applying a protective and decorative layer of facade plaster;

- priming the decorative layer;

- painting walls and façade slopes with acrylic paint.

2.4. For thermal insulation of the building facade, the main materials used are: cement-lime mortar C22 (SCS) according to GOST 7473-2010; deep-penetrating primer "Weber.Prim Contact"; adhesive composition "Weber.therm S 100"; alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh reinforcement (cell 5x5, 160 g/m); mineral wool slabs ROCKWOOL Facade Butts D (size 1200x500x150 mm); acrylic tinting primer Weber.Pas UNI; silicate-silicone Weber.Pas Extra Clean plaster; acrylic facade paint Weber.Ton Аkrylat; acrylic frost-resistant sealant MAKROFLEX FA131; slopes metal panels; aluminum plinth profile AL-150 (150x0.8x2500 mm); polyurethane foam MAKROFLEX; disc-shaped polymer anchor with drive-in element (8/60x165 mm); PVC corner (20x20 mm) with fiberglass mesh (100x150 mm); PVC corner with dropper MAT D/05; PVC corner adjacent window, self-adhesive with reinforcing fiberglass mesh.

2.5. The technological map provides for the work to be carried out by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" (weight 2.8 kg, power 500 W, drilling 20 mm); drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 (power 400 W); forced action mortar mixer SO-46B (power 1.5 kW, loading volume 80 l); electric hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2 (weight 6.3 kg, power 1.35 kW); membrane spray gun electric Wagner DP-6830 (weight 30 kg, power 1.5 kW); vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1 And diesel power station Atlas Copco QAS 125 (maximum power 111 kW) as a driving mechanism.

Fig.2. Diesel power station Atlas Copco QAS 125

Fig.3. Spray gun Wagner DP-6830

Fig.4. Mortar mixer SO-46B

Fig.5. Rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM"

Fig.6. Drill/driver Metabo Se 2800

Fig.7. Hand mixer ZMR-1350E-2

Fig.8. Vacuum cleaner Karcher NT 14/1

2.6. Work on installing an insulated facade should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:

- SP 48.13330.2011. "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction. Updated edition" ;

- SNiP 3.01.03-84. Geodetic work in construction;

- Manual for SNiP 3.01.03-84. Production of geodetic works in construction;

- SNiP 3.03.01-87. Load-bearing and enclosing structures;

- SNiP 3.04.01-87. Insulating and finishing coatings;

- SNiP 3.04.03-85. Protection of building structures from corrosion;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.14-2011. Organization of construction production. General provisions;

- STO NOSTROY 2.33.51-2011. Organization of construction production. Preparation and execution of construction and installation works;

- STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011. Facade thermal insulation composite systems with external plaster layers. Work rules. Requirements for results and control system for completed work;

- SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;

- SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;

- PB 10-14-92*. Rules for the design and safe operation of load-lifting cranes;
________________
* PB 10-14-92 do not apply. Instead, Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety dated November 12, 2013 N 533 apply hereinafter. - Database manufacturer's note.

- VSN 274-88. Safety rules for the operation of jib self-propelled cranes;

- RD 11-02-2006. Requirements for the composition and order of operation executive documentation during construction, reconstruction, major repairs of capital construction projects and the requirements for inspection reports of work, structures, sections of engineering support networks;

- RD 11-05-2007. The procedure for maintaining a general and (or) special log of work performed during construction, reconstruction, and major repairs of capital construction projects.

III. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

3.1. In accordance with SP 48.13330.2001 "SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction. Updated edition" before the start of construction and installation work at the site, the Contractor is obliged to in the prescribed manner obtain from the Customer design documentation and permission to carry out construction and installation work. Carrying out work without permission is prohibited.

3.2. Before the start of work on installing thermal insulation of the building facade, it is necessary to carry out a set of organizational and technical measures, including:

- develop an RTK or PPR for the installation of thermal insulation of the building facade;

- appoint persons responsible for the safe performance of work, as well as their control and quality of execution;

- conduct safety training for team members;

- install temporary inventory household premises for storing building materials, tools, equipment, heating workers, eating, drying and storing work clothes, bathrooms, etc.;

- provide the site with working documentation approved for work;

- prepare machines, mechanisms and equipment for work and deliver them to the site;

- provide workers with manual machines, tools and personal protective equipment;

- provide the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;

- prepare places for storing building materials, products and structures;

- fence the construction site and put up warning signs illuminated at night;

- provide communication for operational dispatch control of work;

- deliver to the work area necessary materials, devices, equipment, tools and means for safe work;

- check quality certificates, passports for reinforcing steel, lumber, plywood;

- try it out construction machines, means of mechanization of work and equipment according to the nomenclature provided for by the RTK or PPR;

- draw up an act of readiness of the facility for work;

- obtain permission from the Customer’s technical supervision to begin work (clause 4.1.3.2 RD 08-296-99*).
________________
* RD 08-296-99 is not valid. - Database manufacturer's note.


3.4. Before the start of work on installing insulation for the facade of the building, the preparatory work provided for by the Transport Transport Code must be completed, including:

- the façade was accepted from the customer for finishing;

- roofing, eaves overhangs and canopies over the entrances have been installed;

- installation of window and door units has been completed;

- work on the installation of all floor structures, balconies and loggias has been completed;

- installed, tested for strength and accepted by the commission scaffolding façade lift installed;

- there is a blind area around the building;

- all fastenings are installed drainpipes and fire escapes;

- passages for pedestrians are fenced.

3.4.1. To install insulation, the facade of the building is transferred by the General Contracting Organization/Customer to the Subcontracting Construction Organization, according to the Acceptance and Transfer Certificate of the facade for finishing, in accordance with Appendix A, STO NOSTROY 2.14.7-2011.

3.4.2. Technology for the installation of roofing, window and door units, and interior finishing works are considered in separate technological maps.

3.4.3. Geodetic marking of the building facade (vertical and horizontal axes under the structure) is carried out by a team of surveyors in the following sequence:

- checking the geometric parameters of buildings for compliance with their design values;

- drawing up a three-dimensional digital model of facades in the 3D AutoCAD environment;

- marking the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening facade cladding structures;

- drawing up an as-built drawing on the vertical planes of the building;

- applying markings to the drawing of the building facade.

3.4.4. The completed work must be presented to the Customer’s technical supervision representative for inspection, and documentation by signing the Act on the layout of the axes of the capital construction project on the ground in accordance with Appendix 2, RD 11-02-2006 and obtain permission to carry out work on installing insulation for the facade walls.

3.4.5. The act of laying out the axes must be accompanied by an as-built diagram for setting out (laying out) the horizontal and vertical axes of fastening the façade cladding structures in the accepted system of coordinates and heights.

3.4.6. The completion of preparatory work is recorded in the General Work Log (the Recommended form is given in RD 11-05-2007) and must be accepted according to the Act on the implementation of occupational safety measures, drawn up in accordance with Appendix I, SNiP 12-03-2001.

3.5. Preparing the construction base

3.5.1. Before cladding, surfaces must be cleaned of mortar, dirt and concrete, and the base must be cleared of construction debris. Individual irregularities of more than 15 mm, as well as general deviations of the tiled surface from the vertical of more than 15 mm, must be corrected by cutting off bulges on the surface and applying a leveling layer of cement mortar, which is applied without smoothing or grouting. Upon completion of leveling, the surfaces are checked according to the building level, plumb line and rules. All cracks are cut and rubbed with cement-sand mortar.

3.5.2. Next, mechanical cleaning of wall surfaces contaminated with lubricants, oils and anti-adhesive agents is carried out using water, with the addition of detergents using industrial vacuum cleaner dry and wet cleaning Karcher NT14/1 Eco Te Advanced.

3.5.3. The marking of the surface of the building facade is carried out in the following sequence:

- the verticality of the wall is checked with a plumb line along the flat part after 2-3 m, as well as at the fracture points of the facade;

- mark the position of the horizontal seams of the cladding with paint along the cord or install slats - orders;

- the outer surface of the cladding is marked with a horizontal cord at the height of its first row;

- after hanging the wall, it is marked for making holes for anchors.

3.5.4. Drilling holes with a diameter of 8 mm for dowels using a manual rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned of drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.5.5. Screwing in screws 45 mm long using a manual drill-driver Metabo Se 2800.

3.5.6. Leveling the screw heads.

3.5.7. Installation of plastic fasteners with screws.

3.5.8. Installation of metal beacons in fastenings.

3.5.9. Pulling the cord between the beacons.

Fig.9. Installation diagram of beacons for wall marking

3.6. Priming the base of the facade with an adhesive primer

3.6.1. Preparation of cement-lime mortar in forced action mortar mixer SO-46B.

3.6.2. Repairing local damage and cracks on the façade surface, leveling individual areas with lime-cement mortar.

3.6.3. Preparing the primer by stirring manual electric mixer ZMR-1350E-2.

3.6.4. Substrate treatment deep penetration primer "Weber.prim" Contact" to eliminate leaks on the wall surface.

3.6.5. Cleaning of rust and treatment with anti-corrosion primer of metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system.

3.6.6. The completed façade priming work must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Hidden Work Inspection Certificate, in accordance with Appendix 3, RD 11-02-2006.

3.7. Installation of steel, galvanized, base flashing

3.7.1. Drilling 8 mm diameter holes for support brackets using a hand drill rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM"

3.7.2. Fastening the support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.7.3. Installation of a plaster screed with hydraulic tape with a slope from the building wall.

3.7.4. Installation base flashing with powder painting according to RAL on support brackets.

3.7.5. Fastening the ebb with dowel nails using washers to the wall through a thermal break, inserting them into the prepared hole and tapping them with a mounting hammer.

3.7.6. Installation of linings along the edges of the ebb to prevent water from flowing down the sides of the ebb.

3.7.7. The completed work on installing the base drip sill must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 10. Installation diagram for basement drip sill

1 - basement ebb; 2 - base; 3 - polyurethane foam; 4 - sealant, seal; 5 - house wall

3.8. Installation of steel, galvanized window frame

3.8.1. Drilling 8 mm diameter holes for support brackets using a hand drill rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" . Holes are cleaned of drilling waste (dust) by blowing with compressed air or washing with water under pressure.

3.8.2. Fastening the support brackets to the slope with fiberglass dowels at a distance of 50 mm from the edge of the slope.

3.8.3. Laying plaster screed with hydraulic tape with a slope from the building wall.

3.8.4. Preliminary measurement of the width and depth of the opening.

3.8.5. Cut the ebb to specific sizes using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL.

3.8.6. Installation of low tide on support brackets.

3.8.7. Attach the ebb to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head using a hand drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame, and cover the cap with a decorative plug.

3.8.8. Installation of linings along the edges of the ebb to prevent water from flowing down the sides of the ebb.

3.8.9. Coating the lower joint of the ebb and flow with the wall with liquid sealant.

3.8.10. The completed work on installing window sills must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 11. Installation diagram of a drip sill with a bracket on a cement screed

1 - casting plate; 2 - window sill; 3 - support bracket; 4 - window box; 5 - galvanized screw; 6 - window sill; 7 - polyurethane foam; 8 - cement mortar; 9 - dowel; 10 - house wall

3.9. Installation of external steel, galvanized side frames of the window unit with powder coating according to RAL

3.9.1. Cleaning the cracks between the installed PVC window block and the wall, removing brown dry polyurethane foam.

3.9.2. Filling gaps acrylic sealant and leveling it with a spatula flush with the slope using gun for polyurethane foam "STANDARD" .

3.9.3. Preliminary measurement of the height (), width () and depth () of the opening.

3.9.4. Cutting slope corners to specific sizes (- 2 pcs., - 1 pc.) using electric jigsaw Bosch PST 900 PEL .

3.9.5. Drilling holes in the wall of the opening 6 mm, 50 mm, two on top and two on the sides, at an angle and a distance of 30 mm from the edge of the wall using a manual rotary hammer RH2551 "STURM" .

3.9.6. Driving plastic dowels into the holes.

3.9.7. Applying mounting adhesive to the back side of the slope corners (panels).

3.9.8. Installing an upper corner of size B, close to the upper quarter (the narrow profile shelf should face the windows, the wide one should face the opening wall).

3.9.9. Fastening the upper corner to the wall with dowels, and to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm using self-tapping screws with a flat head using manual drill-driver Metabo Se 2800 . Screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame, and close the cap with a decorative plug and screws.

3.9.10. Filling the gap between the corner and the slope with acrylic sealant and then leveling it with a spatula so that it is flush with the slope.

3.9.11. Trimming the lower ends of the side corners (panels) at an angle of inclination of the ebb.

3.9.12. Attach the side corners to the window frame exactly along the edge in increments of 15 cm, using self-tapping screws with a flat head (screw the screws exactly into the center of the profile without tilting, visually checking the tightness of the corner to the frame), close the head with a decorative plug and screws to the wall into dowels.

3.9.13. Coating the upper joints of the corners with the wall and the lower joints of the corners with the ebb with liquid sealant.

3.9.14. The completed work on installing side window frames must be presented to the Customer's technical supervision representative for inspection and documentation by signing the Inspection Certificate for critical structures, in accordance with Appendix 4, RD 11-02-2006.

Fig. 12. Window frame installation diagram

3.10. Installation of a base profile for installation of insulation

3.10.1. Attaching the aluminum plinth profile AL150 to the base of the facade with dowels at a height of 0.40 m, strictly horizontally, ensuring its tight connection to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness, leaving a gap of 2-3 mm between adjacent profiles for joining with plastic connecting elements. The distance between the dowels during installation should not exceed 300 mm.

3.10.2. Connecting the base profile using connecting elements. It is prohibited to connect the base profile during overlap installation.

3.10.3. Installation of compensators for leveling the base profile in the plane. In the places where the base profile is attached, it is necessary to ensure its tight fit to the base of the facade, using special washers of appropriate thickness.

3.10.4. Formation of a plinth profile at the corners of a building's façade by making two oblique cuts in a protruding horizontal profile and then bending it.

Fig. 13. Installation diagram of the base profile with connecting elements

3.10.5. Stabilization of profile sheathing with fiberglass cloth no less than 0.3 m wide by gluing it to the wall with glue "Weber.therm S 100" with entry onto the base profile.

Fig. 14. Stabilization of the base profile with fiberglass

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution of higher professional education

"ROSTOV STATE CIVIL UNIVERSITY"

Department of Construction Technology

Course project

according to construction technology

“Development of a technological map for insulating the facade surfaces of the walls of buildings in use with the installation of a protective and finishing coating made of reinforced plasters”

Completed:

student of group EUN -320

Emelyanova O. A.

Accepted by the teacher:

Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences Dukhanin P.V.

Rostov-on-Don

2 Organization and technology of the construction process 6

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work 6

2.5 Methods and techniques of workers 17

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation 17

Installers use a rod and a plumb line to determine the deviations of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes. 17

2.5.2 Preparation of the workplace 17

2.6 Storage duration and supply of materials and structures 17

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are delivered and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days. 17

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junction points 17

2.7.1 Basement part building 17

2.7.2 Corner edges 18

2.7.3 Connection to parapets, cornices 18

2.7.4 Processing openings 19

3. Quality control of work 19

4. Material and technical resources 21

4.1 Requirement for materials and products 21

4.2 Machines, devices, equipment, tools 22

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding equipment (extract from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 25

5.2 Safety requirements when using electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 33

6.4.1 The design and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the construction of electrical installations, inter-industry rules of labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations, and the rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations.

6.4.2 The installation and maintenance of temporary and permanent electrical networks on the production site should be carried out by electrical personnel who have the appropriate electrical safety qualification group.

6.4.3 Wiring of temporary electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 V used for power supply construction projects, must be made with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when laying wires and cables along them, at a height above ground level, flooring not less than, m:

3.5 - above the aisles;

6.0 - over passages;

2.5 - above workplaces.

6.4.4 General lighting lamps with voltage of 127 and 220 V must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the ground, floor, or decking level.
When the suspension height is less than 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage no higher than 42 V. Power supply of lamps with a voltage of up to 42 V must be carried out from step-down transformers, machine converters, and batteries.
It is prohibited to use autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes. The housings of step-down transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.
It is prohibited to use stationary lamps as hand lamps. Only industrial-made hand-held lamps should be used.

6.4.5 Switches, circuit breakers and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet workshops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.6 All electric starting devices must be placed so that the possibility of starting machines, mechanisms and equipment by unauthorized persons is excluded. It is prohibited to turn on several pantographs with one starting device.
Distribution boards and switches must have locking devices.

6.4.7 Socket outlets with rated currents up to 20 A located outdoors, as well as similar socket outlets located indoors but intended to power portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outdoors, must be protected by devices protective shutdown(RCD) with a response current of no more than 30 mA, or each socket must be powered from an individual isolation transformer with a secondary winding voltage of no more than 42 V.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltages up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltages over 42 V.

6.4.9 Metal scaffolding, metal fences of the work site, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, rail tracks of lifting cranes and electrically driven vehicles, equipment housings, machines and mechanisms with electric drive must be grounded (zeroed) in accordance with current standards immediately after they are installed in place, before any work begins.

6.4.10 Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact.

6.4.11 Protection of electrical networks and electrical installations on the production site from overcurrents should be ensured by means of fuses with calibrated fuse-links or circuit breakers according to the rules for electrical installations.

6.4.12 The admission of personnel of construction and installation organizations to work in existing installations and security power lines must be carried out in accordance with inter-industry rules on labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations.

Preparation of the workplace and admission to work of seconded personnel is carried out in all cases by the electrical technical personnel of the operating organization.
34

1 area of ​​use

1.1 Characteristics of the building and its structures

The technological map has been developed for carrying out work on insulating the external walls of a 7-story residential building with plan dimensions of 32.1 * 11 and a height of 27.5 m. The work is carried out in cramped conditions without evicting the residents of the house. The project provides for the location of thermal insulation on the outside without an air gap. URSA XPS N-V-L boards are used as thermal insulation material; the protective and finishing coating is made of Sertolit façade plaster and TiM 43 putty.

1.2 Scope of work covered by the map

The works covered in the map include:

Installation of inventory fencing from ready-made links

Installation of frame inventory scaffolding

Lifting a hand winch to the 7th floor

Installation of lifting and transport equipment manual winch

Cleaning the surface from protruding cement-sand mortar, dust and dirt using electric brushes and blowing with compressed air.

1. Lifting insulation boards

   Lifting mesh and fasteners

   Drilling holes in the wall with a hammer drill to install anchors

   Installation of thermal insulation boards

   Installation of reinforcing mesh

   Installation of anchors

   Preparation of plaster mortar

   Lifting plaster mortar

   Preparation of putty

   Puttying the surface

   Removing the hand winch

   Scaffolding dismantling

   Dismantling temporary fencing.

The winch is removed by a team of two riggers; together with them, a team of assemblers dismantles the scaffolding. The dismantling of the temporary fencing is carried out by a team of carpenters of three people. All work is coordinated in time, which is reflected in the work schedule (the work schedule is presented in the drawing).

1.3 Characteristics of work conditions

Work on insulating the façade surfaces of building walls is carried out on the basis of working drawings (technical specifications) in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work on the installation of insulating and finishing coatings (SNiP 3.04.01-87) and safety rules in construction (SNiP 12-03- 2001, 12-04-2002).

Work is carried out in the summer at an average outside temperature of +20°C in one shift.

2 Organization and technology of the construction process

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work

Before starting insulation work, the following types of work must be performed: installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building, cleaning of the area ( bushes, trees, etc..), the necessary construction materials and products and their storage, installation of scaffolding (scaffolding), and installation of lifting and transport equipment must be delivered to the work area.

2.2 Organization and technology of work execution

The production of external thermal insulation should begin only after the survey and collection of information about the building, the development of design and estimate documentation and the execution of the appropriate permit for the work, signed by the customer and the organization performing the thermal insulation work.

The construction of each subsequent element of the thermal insulation layer should be carried out after checking the quality of the corresponding underlying element and drawing up an inspection report for hidden work.

2.3 Labor cost calculation

Before calculating labor costs, it is necessary to calculate the volume of work.

Calculation of work volumes

Dimensions of the building: Residential building with plan dimensions of 45.1 * 10.8 m and a height of 20.5 m.

1 Determination of working area:

Ok 2 1.2×0.6 S ok 2 =1.2×0.6=0.72 m 2

Ok 3 1.8×1.8 S ok 3 =1.8×1.8=3.24 m 2

Ok 4 1.2×1.5 S ok 4 =l.2×l.5= 1.8 m 2

Ok 5 1.5×1.5 S ok 5 =1.5×1.5=2.25 m 2

Ok 6 1.5×0.9 S ok 6 =1.5×0.9=1.35 m 2

Door 2.2×1.2 S dv = 2.2×1.2 = 2.64 m 2

The scaffolding installation is defined as the area of ​​all facades.

Area of ​​one building facade with openings and plinth:

S A(1) =32.1×27.5=882.75 m 2

Area of ​​the second facade with openings and plinth:

S A(2) = S A(1) =882.75 m 2

Area of ​​the end facade with openings and plinth:

S (B1) =11×27.5=302.5 m 2

S (B2) = S (B1) = 302.5 m 2

Total area of ​​all facades with openings and plinth:

S= S A(1) + S A(2) + S (B1) + S (B2) =2*(882.75+302.5)=2370.5 m 2 - scaffolding installation area

Base area:

S Ts(A) =32.1* 1.2=38.52 m 2

S C(B) =11*1.2=13.2 m 2

Cleaning the façade surface = total area without openings and plinth:

Facade A(1) = 882.75 - (2.64 + 4.32 + 15.75 + 12.6 + 22.68 + 22.68) -38.52 = 763.56 m 2

Facade A(2) = 882.75 – (22.68+12.6+22.68+15.75)-38.52=770.52 m2

Facade B(1) = 302.5 – (5.4+5.4) – 13.2 = 278.5 m2

Facade B(2) = 302.5 – (5.4+5.4) – 13.2 = 278.5 m2

We add the resulting values ​​763.56+770.52+278.5+278.5= 2091.08 m²

Insulation area – 2091.08 m²

Fence perimeter:

P=(a+b)*2=(32.1+11+7.95*4)*2=149.8 -gate (4.5m)=145.3 m.

Determination of the number of slabs: S slabs =0.6* 1.2=0.72

(2091.08 m 2 /0.72) × 1.1 = 3196 pcs.

Determination of the number of fasteners:

Number of dowels per 1 thermal insulation board - 6 pieces

N dub = 6*3196=19176 pcs.

The number of anchors is equal to the number of dowels: N anchor = 19176 pcs.

Inventory fencing:

The size of the danger zone (with a building height of 27.5 m) in accordance with SNiP 12.03-20011 H = 5.2 (minimum height of cargo departure when falling according to RD 11-06-2007). Therefore, the size of the danger zone is 6.7 m.

Calculation of labor costs is given in table 1.

Table 1 – Calculation of labor costs.
Justification for EniR	Title of works	Units	Scope of work	Standard time	Labor costs in person*h	Labor costs per person	Composition of the EniR team
	1. Fence installation
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	2. Dismantling the fence						Carpenters of the 1st category - 1 person; Carpenters of the II category - 1 person; Assistant 1 person of the 1st category.
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	3. Installation of scaffolding
	4. Dismantling of scaffolding						Installer IV category - 1 person; Installer III category - 2 people; Installer II category - 1 person;
ESN 26-01-045-01	5. Preparation of the base, installation of insulation, installation of reinforcing mesh, application of plaster and decorative layer						Average category 4.4

2.4 Methods and sequence of work

It is advisable to carry out work on insulating the façade surfaces of the walls of existing buildings with the installation of a protective and finishing coating made of reinforced plasters in the warm season.

The work is carried out using grippers and the in-line method. The size of the grip is selected depending on the scaffolding used. At the gripper, technological processes are carried out according to a horizontally descending scheme.

Work on insulation of facade surfaces of walls of buildings in use can be divided into preparatory And basic.

TO preparatory works include: installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building; tree pruning; delivery of building materials and structures to the construction site and their storage; installation of scaffolding means; installation of lifting and transport equipment; cleaning facades from dust and dirt.

Scaffolding means are selected depending on the size of the building and the permissible load. For buildings up to 5 floors in height, self-propelled and attached scaffolding and hanging cradles can be used; for 5-9 floors -

attached scaffolding and suspended cradles, and when the building height is higher than 9 floors - suspended cradles or combined scaffolding means. The complexity of installation from self-propelled scaffolds and hanging cradles is 30 - 40% lower than from attached scaffolds. The maximum front and intensity of work is achieved when using the attached scaffolding shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Attached frame scaffolding

2.4.1 Installation of scaffolding

We used lightweight attached frame scaffolding. The main characteristics of these forests are presented below in table 2.

Table 2 - Main characteristics of frame scaffolding

Dismantling and installation of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a responsible foreman, who must:
a) study the design of scaffolding;
b) draw up a scaffolding installation diagram for a specific facility;
c) make a list of necessary elements;
d) accept the scaffolding set from the warehouse in accordance with
list with rejection of damaged items.
Workers installing scaffolding must first be familiar with the structure and instructed on the installation procedure and methods of attaching scaffolding to the wall (an example of attaching scaffolding to a wall is shown on Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Scheme of attaching scaffolding to the wall

(X is the mounting location)

Scaffolding must be installed on a planned and compacted site, from which water drainage must be provided. The area for scaffolding must be horizontal in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The raising and lowering of scaffolding elements must be carried out using hoists or other lifting mechanisms.

Scaffolding is installed in tiers over the entire length of the scaffolding section being mounted, according to the installation diagram:

Stage 1:
Install wooden supports and shoes on the prepared site, and install screw supports if necessary. The supporting surfaces of the scaffold frames must be strictly in the same horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 1

Install two adjacent frames of the first tier into the shoes, and connect them with horizontal and diagonal connections, as shown in Figure 4. After a step of 3 meters, install two adjacent frames and also connect them with ties and repeat this operation to set the required length of the scaffolding. Install fencing frames along the edges of the required length of scaffolding, and the next frame should have a ladder.

Figure 4 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 2

Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with ties, and arrange the diagonal ties so that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern (shown in Figure 5). For installation, you need to use crossbars on which wooden flooring is laid.

Figure 5 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 3

For the ascent and descent of people, the scaffolding is equipped with inclined stairs (shown in Figure 6), which are installed in places reserved for hatches.

Figure 6 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 4

Stage 5:
The scaffolding is secured to the wall using plugs or hooks with bushings through brackets or clamps attached to the scaffolding frame posts (see anchoring elements on Figure 7), after 4 m in a checkerboard pattern.

Figure 7 - Anchoring elements

with hook and sleevewith stopper

Stage 6:
Repeating steps 3,4,5 to gain the required height of the scaffolding. Guardrails, intermediate elements and diagonals must be installed in accordance with general scheme scaffolding assembly.
Stage 7:
On the working and safety tiers of scaffolding, install end and longitudinal connections of fences. In places where workers climb to the working level, where diagonal ties are not installed, install longitudinal connections of the fences. Fix two adjacent frames vertically with an M8x55 bolt or pin (at the customer's request).

Install scaffold frames plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding. Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should be done simultaneously. Dismantling of scaffolding is allowed only after removing the remaining materials, equipment and tools from the flooring. Before dismantling scaffolding, the work foreman is obliged to inspect it and instruct workers on the sequence and methods of dismantling, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work. Dismantling of scaffolding should begin from the top tier, in the reverse order of installation. Before transportation, dismantled elements are sorted, large-sized elements are tied into bags, and small-sized and standard products are placed in boxes.

Basic work is performed in the following sequence:

1. Lifting insulating boards

2. Lifting the mesh and fasteners

3. Drilling holes in the wall with a hammer drill to install anchors

4. Installation of thermal insulation boards

5. Installation of reinforcing mesh

6. Installation of anchors

7. Preparation of plaster mortar

8. Lifting the plaster mortar

Manual plastering with façade plaster 5 mm thick

Rubbing the wall surface by hand

Preparation of putty

Puttying the surface

Dismantling and moving scaffolding equipment to the next grip.

Plastering is done with façade cement-lime plaster "Sertolit". This is a special dry mixture of improved composition. It has good adhesion to the base and plasticity. It is used for performing traditional plasters on brick, concrete, aerated concrete, masonry, CBPB, and primed surfaces. When preparing bases on gypsum and concrete, it is recommended to apply grooves in the form of an “oblique mesh” with a sharp chisel.

Preparation of the mixture:

Add water to the dry mixture at the rate of 0.2–0.22 liters per 1 kg of mixture and mix thoroughly. Let stand for 10–15 minutes and stir for 1 minute, if necessary add water to the required consistency.

Tim No. 43 putty is used for puttying. All components included in the mixture are environmentally friendly. The mixture is fire and explosion proof. Used for external and internal work.

The scope of application is: leveling plastered facades, external surfaces of wall panels or monolithic walls, as well as sealing cracks and damage in structures made of heavy and light concrete, brick and asbestos cement. The base for puttying must be smooth and free of dust.

Preparation of the mixture:

Add the dry mixture to the water at the rate of 0.24-0.26 liters of water per 1 kg of mixture (6 – 6.5 liters per bag), mix with an electric drill with a “mixer” attachment until smooth (mixing time 2 – 4 minutes). Mixing by hand with high intensity is allowed. After 10-12 minutes, stir again for 2-3 minutes, after which the mixture is ready for use.

The increased plasticity of the solution allows it to be applied to the base in a layer 0.8-3 mm thick. The solution is applied with a spatula in one or several layers. The second layer is applied if necessary after the previous one has sufficiently hardened. If necessary, the applied layer of putty can be smoothed with a damp sponge, or sanded after its initial hardening. Water-based painting can be done after 1-2 days, other types of painting - no earlier than 5 days after applying the putty, depending on temperature and humidity conditions and the type of paint.

Consumption: per 1 sq. m. surface requires 1 - 3.75 kg of dry mixture with a layer thickness of 0.8-3 mm, respectively.

Putty made from low-shrinkage compounds with polymer additives must be leveled immediately after application with grinding of individual areas; When applying other types of putty compounds, the surface of the putty should be sanded after it has dried. The putty coating after drying should be smooth, without bubbles, cracks and mechanical inclusions.

2.5 Methods and techniques of workers

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation

Installers use a rod and a plumb line to determine the deviations of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes.

2.5.2 Preparation of the workplace

Installers check the reliability of the scaffolding. Raise the necessary material.

2.6 Duration of storage and supply of materials and structures

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are delivered and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days.

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junction points

2.7.1 Basement of the building

External thermal insulation of a building begins, as a rule, at a height of 65-70 cm from the ground surface. If it is also necessary to insulate the lower part of the wall and its recessed part, you should: use the same insulation as for the entire system, waterproof the basement of the building, for example, based on a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents.

2.7.2 Corner edges

To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel.

The corners are placed on the adhesive directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (except for the lower part). In the lower part of the wall, the corners should be glued on top of reinforced reinforcement, after which they are covered with ordinary reinforcement. Fastening corners to the wall surface using dowels (nails) is not allowed. In places where the insulation adjoins the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges on the side are protected with perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation boards are inserted into the fixed profile. All other technological operations are performed according to standard scheme. The perforated profile into which insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10-15 cm from the floor. This gap is covered with a protective plate (ceramic plate), glued to the surface after finishing the insulating layer.

2.7.3 Connection to parapets and cornices

The upper part of the thermal insulation coating and its adjoining parapets and cornices should be made according to the following schemes. The upper edge of the insulation on the gable, made using conventional technology, is either covered with a metal protective canopy fixed to the wall with screws and sealing washers, or is protected by edge tiles. If there is a cornice, the upper edge of the insulation at the junction is protected by perforated profiles, which are pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. The gap between the cornice and the insulation is filled with waterproof mastic.

2.7.4 Processing openings

Processing openings (windows, doors) is one of the important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating. The most common way to construct a window opening is the “quarter” option. Before you start gluing the insulation, the window opening is framed around the perimeter with a metal frame. To do this, a top and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. The window block remains in the same place. When gluing, insulation boards are inserted into a metal profile. If windows open outwards, metal profiles should not prevent them from opening.

These processes are carried out with such tools as: a hammer drill and a plumber's hammer, a drill.

3. Quality control of work

Quality control is given below in table 3.

Table 3 - Quality control of wall insulation

Controlled	Requirements		Methods and means of control	Who and when controls	Who is involved to control
parameter
Cleaning the surface from dust and dirt
Surface preparation	No dust and exfoliated finishing coatings		Visually	Brigadier, master, manufacturer	Inspector,
					representative
					customer
Humidity of mate	No more than 8%		Visually, moisture meter	Master, laboratory assistant
rial wall
Evenness according to			Plumb line, cord,	Brigadier,
surface
Fastening the thermal insulation material
Fastening parts to the wall of a building	According to the project		Visually.	Master, producer	Inspector,
			measurement, measurement		representative
					customer
Number and location of dowels	In the center (between the guides), every 600 mm		Measurements, tape measure, meter.
Deviation from the vertical surface of the slabs	1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 5 mm over the entire height of the wall		Plumb line, staff, theodolite, level
Difference between two adjacent slabs	No more than 1 mm		Measurements, ruler, meter, probe
Presence of gaps between thermal insulation boards	No more than 3 mm
Grid installation
Continuation of Table 3
Attaching the mesh to the surface		According to the project	Visually
Mesh cell dimensions and diameter			Visually, measurement, ruler
Roll overlap
		Plastering the surface
Layer thickness
Surface evenness		No more than two irregularities 3 mm deep	Rule 2m, probe	Master, workman	Inspector, representative customer
Surface verticality		Deviation 1mm per 1m height, but not more than 10mm over the entire height	Plumb. staff, level
Puttying the surface
Layer thickness		According to the project	Visually
		Not allowed
Surface painting
Wall surface humidity			Sampling, visual
Presence of spots, stripes, swellings, cracks		Not allowed	Visually
Continuation of Table 3
Contamination of surfaces not to be painted

4. Material and technical resources

4.1 Requirement for materials and products

The requirements for materials and products are given below in table 4.

Table 4 - Requirement for materials and products

Name of material, brand (GOST)	measurements	Material requirement
Thermal insulation material URSA XPS N-V-L
Steel anchor d=100 mm
Reinforcing mesh
Inventory fencing
Facade plaster "Sertolit"

The main characteristics of Sertolit plaster are presented below in table 5.

Table 5 - Main technical characteristics of Sertolit plaster

Characteristic	Meaning
Layer thickness (mm)
Application temperature (degrees C)
Water consumption (kg/l)
Viability (h)
Hardening time (days)
Continuation of table 5
Consumption (kg/sq.m/mm)
Filler fraction (mm)
Name
Mobility grade
Compressive strength grade

4.2 Machines, devices, equipment, tools

The main machines, devices, equipment, tools used during facade insulation are given in table 6.

Table 6 - Basic machines, devices, equipment, tools

Name	Brand, technical characteristics	Qty	Purpose
	Frame LRSP-40		Working at heights
			Raising and lowering loads to heights
Hammer			Drilling holes in the wall for an anchor
Bench hammer	GOST 2310-77		Hammering insulation dowels
Respirator			Work safety
			Work safety
Gloves			Work safety
Construction helmet	GOST 12.4.087-84		Work safety
	10 - meter		Measuring the distance between frame elements
			Leveling the surface
			Applying plaster to the surface
Drill with attachment	Bosch GSR-12 SD		Preparation of plaster mortar; wall surface cleaning
mixer and steel

5 Occupational safety in construction

The organization and performance of work in construction production must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 12-04.2002 “Labor safety in construction” Part 2 “Construction production” and other regulatory legal acts, as well as these norms and rules.

In the area where installation work is being carried out, other work and unauthorized persons are not allowed.

People are not allowed to be under mounted structural elements and equipment until they are installed in the design position.

If it is necessary for workers to be under mounted equipment (structures), special measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers.

To protect a worker’s head from mechanical damage from objects falling from above or when colliding with structural and other elements, to protect against water, electric shock when working at height in construction, installation, dismantling, performing repair, adjustment and other work, helmets that meet the requirements must be used. requirements of GOST 12.4.087 - 84.

At work sites and in rooms where insulation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Workplaces for finishing finishing work at height must be equipped with scaffolding and stepladders for climbing them, meeting the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction Part 2 “Construction production”,

When dry cleaning surfaces and other work involving the release of dust and gases, it is necessary to use respirators and safety glasses.

When performing thermal insulation work, it is necessary to take measures to prevent exposure of workers to the following dangerous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas contamination of the air in the working area;

increased or decreased temperature of equipment surfaces, materials and air in the working area; location of the workplace near a height difference of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of equipment and materials.

In the presence of dangerous and harmful production factors indicated above, the safety of insulation work must be ensured on the basis

implementation of the following labor protection decisions contained in the organizational and technological documentation:

organization of workplaces indicating methods and means for ensuring ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection from thermal burns, lighting, and performing work at heights; O special measures safety when performing work in closed

premises, apparatus and containers; o safety measures when preparing and transporting hot mastics and materials.

In work areas where insulation work is being carried out with the release of harmful and flammable substances, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Workplaces for performing insulation work at height must be equipped with scaffolding with guardrails and stepladders for climbing them that comply with the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction Part 2 “Construction production”.

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding equipment (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

Before starting work, personnel operating mechanization equipment, equipment, devices and hand-held machines must be trained in safe methods and techniques for using them in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions and labor safety instructions.

7.4.6 The soil surface on which scaffolding means are installed must be leveled (leveled and compacted) to ensure drainage from it. surface waters. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the scaffolding means must be equipped with adjustable supports (jacks) to ensure horizontal installation, or temporary support structures must be installed to ensure the horizontal installation of the scaffolding means.

7.4.7 Scaffolding means - scaffolding that does not have its own design stability - must be attached to the building in the ways specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer (for inventory scaffolding) or in the organizational and technological documentation for the work.

The attachment points are indicated in the organizational and technological documentation. In the absence of special instructions in the project or the manufacturer's instructions, the fastening of scaffolding to the walls of buildings must be carried out through at least one tier for the outer racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 m 2 of the projection of the scaffolding surface onto the facade of the building.

It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.

7.4.8 Scaffolding facilities located near vehicle passages must be fenced with fenders so that they are located at a distance of no closer than 0.6 m from the vehicle dimensions.

7.4.9 The impact of loads on scaffolding means during the work process should not exceed those calculated according to the project or technical specifications. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding and scaffolding (from machines for lifting materials, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must be checked for these loads.

7.4.10 In places where people are lifted onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters must be placed indicating the layout and the magnitude of the permissible loads, as well as the evacuation scheme for workers in the event of an emergency.

For lifting and lowering people, scaffolding facilities must be equipped with ladders.

7.4.11 Scaffolding means must have level working decks with a gap between boards of no more than 5 mm, and if the deck is located at a height of 1.3 m or more, fencing and side elements.

The height of the fence must be at least 1.1 m, the side element - at least 0.15 m, the distance between the horizontal elements of the fence - no more than 0.5 m.

7.4.12 Scaffolding used for plastering or painting work, in places under which other work is carried out or where there is a passage, must have a flooring without gaps.

7.4.13 The overlap of decking panels is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.

7.4.14 Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed into operation only after their acceptance by the work manufacturer or foreman and registration in the work log, and above 4 m - after acceptance by the commission appointed by the person responsible for ensuring labor safety in the organization and execution of the act.

When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following must be checked: the presence of connections and fastenings that ensure stability, fastening points for individual elements, working floors and fences, verticality of racks, reliability of support platforms and grounding (for metal scaffolding).

7.4.15 When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two floorings: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure, it must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck located at a height of no more than 2 m from the working deck.

In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people or vehicles under and near scaffolding is not provided, the installation of a protective (bottom) flooring is not necessary.

7.4.16 When organizing mass passage of people in the immediate vicinity of scaffolding facilities, the places where people pass must be equipped with a continuous protective canopy, and the façade of the scaffolding must be covered with a protective mesh with a mesh size of no more than 5 × 5 mm.

7.4.17 Scaffolding means during operation must be inspected by a foreman or foreman at least every 10 days with an entry in the work log.

Scaffolding means from which no work has been carried out for a month or more should be accepted before resuming work in the manner prescribed in clause 7.4.14.

Scaffolding facilities are subject to additional inspection after rain, wind, thaw, or earthquake, which may affect the bearing capacity of the foundation underneath them, as well as the deformation of the elements supporting it. If violations are detected regarding the bearing capacity of the base or deformation of the scaffolding, these violations must be eliminated and the scaffolding must be re-adopted in the manner established by clause 7.4.14.

7.4.18 During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways on the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors (within the area being dismantled) must be closed.

7.4.19 When operating mobile scaffolding equipment, the following requirements must be met:

the slope of the surface along which the scaffolding means is moved in the transverse and longitudinal directions must not exceed the values ​​​​specified in the passport and the manufacturer's instructions for operating a specific type of scaffolding means;

movement of scaffolding equipment in wind speeds exceeding 10 m/s is not allowed;

Before moving, scaffolding must be cleared of materials and containers and there should be no people on them;

doors in scaffolding enclosures must open inward and have a double-acting locking device that protects them from spontaneous opening.

7.4.20 Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be allowed for operation only after they have withstood tests for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the standard by 20%.

Lifting scaffolds, in addition, must be tested for dynamic loads exceeding the standard by 10%.

The test results of suspended scaffolding and scaffolding must be reflected in their acceptance certificate or in the general work log.

In cases of reuse of suspended scaffolding or scaffolding, they may be allowed to operate after their inspection without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding (scaffolding) is suspended is tested for a load that is at least twice the design load, and the scaffolding is secured standard units (devices) that have passed the necessary tests.

7.4.21 Suspended ladders and platforms used for work on structures must be equipped with special hooks that ensure their strong fastening to the structure. They should be installed and secured to the mounted structures before the latter are lifted.

7.4.22 The design of lifting scaffolds (cradles) used during construction and installation work must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.23 Lifting scaffolds must be lowered to the ground during breaks in work. Transferring from a lifting scaffold to a building or structure and back is not permitted.

7.4.24 Non-inventory scaffolding (ladders, stepladders, gangways and bridges) must be made of metal or lumber coniferous species 1st and 2nd grades.

7.4.25 The length of wooden ladders should be no more than 5 m. Design ladders must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.26 The slope of stairs when lifting people onto scaffolding should not exceed 60°.

7.4.27 Before use, stairs must be tested with a static load of 1200 N (120 kgf) applied to one of the steps in the middle of the flight of stairs in the operating position.

During operation, wooden stairs must be tested every six months, and metal ones - once a year.

7.4.28 Extension ladders without working platforms may only be used to transition between individual tiers of a building under construction and to perform work that does not require the performer to rest on the building’s building structures.

Extension ladders and stepladders must be equipped with devices that prevent the possibility of them moving and tipping over during operation. At the lower ends of ladders and stepladders there should be fittings with sharp tips for installation on the ground, and when using ladders on smooth surfaces (parquet, metal, tiles, concrete, etc.) they should have shoes made of non-slip material.

7.4.29 The dimensions of the extension ladder must ensure that the worker can work while standing on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.

When working from an extension ladder at a height of more than 1.3 m, a safety belt should be used, attached to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided it is secured to the building structure.

7.4.30 Places where ladders are installed in areas where vehicles or people move must be fenced or guarded during the work.

7.4.31 It is not allowed to perform the following work:

on portable ladders and stepladders near and above rotating operating machines and conveyors;

using manual machines and gunpowder tools;

gas and electric welding;

tensioning wires and maintaining heavy parts at height.

To perform such work, scaffolding, scaffolding and stairs with platforms fenced with railings should be used.

Tools used in construction, the building materials industry and the construction industry must be inspected at least once every 10 days, as well as immediately before use. A defective tool that does not meet safety requirements must be removed.

When carrying or transporting the tool, its sharp parts should be covered with covers. The handles of axes, hammers, picks and other percussion instruments must be made of hard and tough wood (young oak, hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, rowan, dogwood, etc.) and have an oval cross-section with a thickening towards the free end. The end of the handle on which the impact tool is mounted must be wedged.

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electric) used when working at height must:

a) meet safety requirements in terms of their technical parameters, and newly acquired ones must have a certificate of compliance with safety requirements;

c) used for their intended purpose (for the types of work for which they are intended). Use other than the main purpose must be carried out with the permission of a competent person (responsible contractor);

d) used by employees who have appropriate training and permission to work with them;

e) be equipped with protective devices (fences, covers, etc.).

Requirements for the safe operation of equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, and hand tools must be contained in labor protection instructions.

Mechanically driven machinery and equipment must have self-start interlocks that are easily accessible and clearly recognizable to the operator of the emergency stop device. Hazardous moving parts must be guarded.

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools that have a variable speed of rotation of the working body, when turned on, must be started at a minimum speed of rotation

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, manual mechanized and other tools used when performing work at height must be used with safety measures to prevent them from falling (fastening, slinging, placing at a sufficient distance from the boundary of the height difference or securing through halyards to a safety guard). employee's belt, etc.).

After finishing work at height, equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, and hand tools must be removed from the height.

5.2 Safety requirements when using electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

6.4.1 The design and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements electrical installation rules, interindustry rules of labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations, rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations.

6.4.2 The installation and maintenance of temporary and permanent electrical networks on the production site should be carried out by electrical personnel who have the appropriate electrical safety qualification group.

6.4.3 The wiring of temporary electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 V, used for power supply of construction sites, must be carried out with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when laying wires and cables along them, at a height above ground level of at least , m:

3.5 - above the aisles;

6.0 - over passages;

2.5 - above workplaces.

6.4.4 General lighting lamps with voltage of 127 and 220 V must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the ground, floor, or decking level.
When the suspension height is less than 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage no higher than 42 V. Power supply of lamps with a voltage of up to 42 V must be carried out from step-down transformers, machine converters, batteries.
It is prohibited to use autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes. The housings of step-down transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.
It is prohibited to use stationary lamps as hand lamps. Only industrial-made hand-held lamps should be used.

6.4.5 Switches, knife switches and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet workshops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.6 All electric starting devices must be placed so that the possibility of starting machines, mechanisms and equipment by unauthorized persons is excluded. It is prohibited to turn on several pantographs with one starting device.
Distribution boards and switches must have locking devices.

6.4.7 Plug sockets with rated currents up to 20 A, located outdoors, as well as similar plug sockets located indoors, but intended to power portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outdoors, must be protected by residual current devices (RCDs) with with a response current of no more than 30 mA, or each socket must be powered from an individual isolation transformer with a secondary winding voltage of no more than 42 V.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltages up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltages over 42 V.

6.4.9 Metal scaffolding, metal fencing work areas, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, rail tracks of load-lifting cranes and electrically driven vehicles, equipment housings, machines and mechanisms with electric drive must be grounded (zeroed) in accordance with current standards immediately after their installation in place, before any -or work.

6.4.10 Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact.

6.4.11 Protection of electrical networks and electrical installations on the production site from overcurrents should be ensured by means of fuses with calibrated fuse-links or circuit breakers in accordance with the rules for the construction of electrical installations.

6.4.12 The admission of personnel of construction and installation organizations to work in existing installations and security power lines must be carried out in accordance with inter-industry rules on labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations.

Preparation of the workplace and admission to work of seconded personnel is carried out in all cases by the electrical technical personnel of the operating organization.

List of used literature

1. SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1 (Section 6.4 – Ensuring electrical safety, Section 7.4 – Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding, equipment, hand-held machines and tools)

The walls of houses built from brick, various wall blocks, and even more so those that are a reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer the exterior decoration of their house, made of decorative plaster, in a “pure” form or using facade paints, then the optimal choice is the wet facade insulation technology. This publication will examine how complex similar works, what is required to carry them out, and how all this can be done on your own.

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is the “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding with insulating materials with further decorative cladding with wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is plastering the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate insulation scheme using the “wet facade” technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using “wet facade” technology

1 – insulated facade wall of the building.

2 – layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 – insulation boards of synthetic (of one type or another) or mineral ( basalt wool) origin.

4 – additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer – “fungi” dowels.

5 – protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (item 6).

This system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

• Very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
• The system turns out to be quite light. And it can be successfully used on most façade walls.
• The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of “cold bridges” - the insulating layer is monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• In addition to insulation, facade walls also receive an excellent soundproofing barrier, which helps reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulating layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken outside. The possibility of the wall getting wet and colonies of mold or mildew appearing in it is eliminated.
• The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical loads and atmospheric influences.
• In principle, the technology is not complicated, and if the rules are strictly followed, any homeowner can handle it.

• If the work is done well, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if you want to update the finish, this can easily be done without compromising the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry it out only at positive (at least +5°C) temperatures and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over +30°C) air temperatures, on the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased demands on both high quality materials and strict adherence to technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and finishing.

As mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through wall structure and disappear into the atmosphere. With expanded polystyrene it is more difficult - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it even tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even “shooting” of large sections of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics of expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute non-flammability, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. But for facade walls this is a very serious issue. And in this article we will consider the best option - the “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

As is already clear from the concept diagram of a “wet facade,” the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, withstand the considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density and ability to withstand loads - both dent (compression) and rupture of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not every insulation classified as mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are applicable, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line include the production of slabs specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. Characteristics of several of the most popular types are given in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for delamination	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°C):
- calculated at t = 10 °С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational under conditions “A”	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions “B”	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume when partially immersed	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Slab dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000×600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

There is no point in experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for “wet facades”, from 25 to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

What thickness should I choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the created “wet facade” system must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness means extra costs, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful from the point of view of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, the optimal thickness of insulation is calculated by specialists. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, an insulated wall must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than the standard value determined for a given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned (the wall itself, interior and exterior decoration, etc.) is known, then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare with the standard value in order to obtain the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

We will not bore the reader with formulas, but will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with minimal error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Using the diagram map for your region, determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers).
• Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of the interior walls.

The thickness of the external plaster finishing of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator and will not need to be added.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If suddenly a negative value is obtained, insulation of the walls is not required.

Any home needs high-quality thermal insulation. And the point here is not only about creating comfortable living conditions for people, although, of course, this is one of the determining factors. Uninsulated building structures deteriorate faster, become saturated with moisture, suffer erosion due to temperature fluctuations, and are affected by mold and mildew. In short, the durability of the entire house as a whole is sharply reduced.

Facade insulation with polystyrene foam technology

The largest structures in area in contact with street conditions are the walls of the house. That is, if they are left without thermal insulation, colossal heat losses are inevitable. There are many ways to solve this problem. And in this publication we will consider the insulation of the facade with polystyrene foam, the technology of which is quite understandable and accessible for independent work.

We will try to give a detailed picture of the properties of this insulation material, before carrying out the necessary calculations and step-by-step instructions for performing all technological operations.

Let's get acquainted with the material - extruded polystyrene foam brand "PENOPLEX"

To be honest, polystyrene foam is generally not the best option for external thermal insulation of the walls of a residential building. It has several drawbacks that should alarm owners - these will be mentioned below. However, rigid polystyrene insulation materials are attractive due to their affordable price, high thermal insulation qualities, and very high ease of use. That's why they remain at the peak of popularity.

But if a decision has been made in favor of polystyrene foam, then it is better not to use its extruded variety, but to opt for cheaper and more accessible white foam. However, numerous requests on the topic of insulating walls with penoplex still force us to consider this issue, although the author himself is not a supporter of this method.

So, if we consider the options for extruded polystyrene foam, then, perhaps, there is nothing better to look for than products of the PENOPLEX brand. By the way, the name of this product has already become a household name, and has turned into “penoplex”, as boards of this material are now called, even those produced by other companies. But we will still talk about branded products.

Penoplex slabs (hereinafter we will focus on this “folk” name) are rigid insulating panels of clear geometric dimensions. Branded products are distinguished by their characteristic orange color. The edges of the slabs are provided with joining edges based on the “quarter” principle - very convenient for installation, and the surface is almost seamless.

In its structure, the material is a homogeneous rigid porous structure - these are microscopic closed (not communicating with each other) cells filled with gas. It is this “airiness” that gives penoplex its outstanding insulation capabilities.

The product line is quite diverse. But for our case, that is, for insulating walls, it is best to use two types. Their names are eloquent - “Comfort” and “Facade”. These products are maximally adapted for such use.

The main characteristics of these plates can be found in the table below:

Density	kg/m³	from 25 to 35	from 25 to 35
Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation, not less	MPa	0.18	0.2
Bending strength of the material	MPa	0.25	0.25
Water absorption for the first day, no more	% of volume	0.4	0,5
Water absorption for the first month, no more	% of volume	0.5	0,55
Fire resistance category	group	G4	G3
Thermal conductivity coefficient at (25±5) °C	W/(m×°С)	0,030	0,030
Calculated thermal conductivity coefficient under operating conditions “A” (normal)	W/(m×°С)	0,031	0,031
Calculated thermal conductivity coefficient under operating conditions “B” (high humidity)	W/(m×°С)	0,032	0,032
Sound insulation of partition (GKL-PENOPLEX® 50 mm-GKL), Rw	dB	41	41
Improvement index for structural noise insulation in floor construction	dB	23	23
Standard sizes:
width	mm	600	600
length	mm	1200	1200
thickness	mm		20; 30; 40; 50; 60; 80; 100; 120; 150
Operating temperature range	°C	from -100 to +75	from -100 to +75

In order for “dry numbers” to become “more talkative” and understandable, it makes sense to list the main advantages and disadvantages of this material.

• The insulation capacity is very high. The thermal conductivity coefficient even for the most unfavorable operating conditions is not higher than 0.032 W/m×K. Only polyurethane foam, perhaps, can compete with such characteristics, but there is a completely different degree of complexity in performing thermal insulation, and the price level is completely different.
• The material practically does not absorb moisture. In direct contact with water, during the first day it can “accept” up to 0.5% of its volume, and then everything stops, regardless of the duration of operation in such conditions. And half a percent is only a thin surface layer, while the rest of the material will be completely dry. And this, in turn, suggests that even in the most unfavorable conditions, penoplex will not lose its thermal insulation qualities. For example, it is used for underground insulation of foundations, and it does not care about contact with wet soil.

• Penoplex is an obstacle to water vapor - it is practically impenetrable to them. This, by the way, is not always an advantage. In particular, for external insulation of walls, it would be better to provide vapor permeability so that the walls, so to speak, “breathe.” Penoplex will not provide such an opportunity, unlike polystyrene foam (although this ability is not particularly pronounced). This means that you will have to focus your attention on the internal vapor barrier of the walls, or very effective ventilation premises so that the walls do not become damp. And even then, it is very difficult to completely avoid the likelihood of such a phenomenon.
• One of the most important advantages of penoplex is its mechanical strength. And this along with a very low density. The material is not afraid of high loads (within reason, of course) in compression and fracture. At the same time, penoplex can be easily cut with the simplest tools.

Penoplex also has certain flaws that should be considered when deciding whether to use it:

• The main thing, of course, is that the material cannot be classified as non-flammable. Yes, the use of fire retardants at the production stage reduces its flammability and makes it self-extinguishing. This, by the way, is more pronounced in “Facade” - it belongs to the flammability class “G3”, while “Comfort” belongs to the lower “G4”. On the Internet there are any number of examples of burnt buildings insulated with polystyrene foam. But burning is not the worst thing. During thermal decomposition, extremely toxic gaseous products are released, which, without exaggeration, pose a mortal danger. So these circumstances should at least alert home owners.

Don't trust anyone - penoplex is not non-flammable material. And during combustion, extremely toxic gases are formed, which often become the main cause of tragedies in fires.

• Not all is well with penoplex with resistance to chemically active substances. Yes, it is inert with most mortars. However, there is a list of materials contact with which is contraindicated for him. These include:

Petroleum products: gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, motor oils;

Acetone and other ketone group solvents;

Polyester compounds, often used as hardeners for epoxy-based compounds;

Toluene, benzene, formaldehyde, formaldehyde;

Wood and coal tar;

All types of oil paints.

This can be important to know, since insulation and waterproofing of building structures are often carried out in a complex. And for waterproofing, a very wide range of materials is used, and it is necessary to select them taking into account compatibility.

• Requires polystyrene foam and mandatory protection from exposure to ultraviolet rays.

So, the owner of the house must evaluate for himself what, in his opinion, outweighs the advantages or disadvantages of the material. And if the choice is made in favor of penoplex, then you should purchase truly branded products. The fact is that under this “collective image” sellers in stores can present the buyer with slabs of completely unknown origin. Alas, in this area of ​​construction materials production, the percentage of low-grade fakes is higher than we would like.

General information about wall insulation using “wet facade” technology

The structure of the insulating structure

Yes, this is the name of the technology that will be discussed further. It is, of course, not the only one, but one of the most popular and fairly simple to carry out the work yourself.

The word “wet” in the name is apparently used because the insulation layer itself is glued to the “wet” mortar, and again covered with a “wet” plaster layer on top.

Schematically it looks like this:

Wall insulation scheme using “wet facade” technology

The outer wall of the house will be insulated (item 1). From the inside, from the side of the room, it certainly has or will have some kind of finishing (item 2).

On the outside, foam boards (item 4) of the required thickness are mounted on the wall on a layer of special adhesive composition (item 3). Then this layer of thermal insulation is completely covered with a thin, up to 5 mm, layer of plaster (item 5) with mandatory reinforcement. And finally, everything is crowned with the selected facade finishing (item 6) - this can be decorative plaster or, say, facade paint. There may be other finishing options - it depends on the preferences of the owners.

It is important that the insulation boards are glued to the load-bearing wall. True, then, for greater tenderness, mechanical fastening is also carried out special devices. This will be discussed below.

Let us briefly consider the general sequence of work and some important nuances.

Briefly about the sequence of work

Preparatory stage

First of all, you need to carefully prepare the wall surface.

It must be cleaned of old paint, if there was any, and of peeling or “boiling” plaster. Dirt or oil stains are removed.

If traces of mold or mildew are detected, the wall will have to be first “treated” with a special antiseptic composition. And only after a positive result - move on.

A wall with signs of damage by fungus, mold, lichen, or moss must be “treated” with a special potent agent. The order of use is indicated on the packaging.

By by and large, such treatment on old walls will be useful in any case. Signs of “disease” may still be hidden, and it is better to protect yourself.

It is necessary to get rid of all irregularities as much as possible - knock down protrusions, fill potholes. It is unacceptable to leave cracks and crevices - they should first be cut in depth and breadth, and then, after priming, tightly filled with a cement-based repair compound. You can also use special repair putties.

Leaving unsealed cracks and cracks under the insulation layer is unacceptable!

If the unevenness is extensive, if there is a significant fracture in the plane of the wall, then it will have to be completely rough plastered. The goal is not perfect smooth surface, but evenness must be maintained (the difference is no more than 10 mm per linear meter - such a defect can already be leveled with glue when installing the slabs).

There may be metal structures on the facade of the house, for example, brackets for external air conditioning units or for satellite dishes. All of them must also be prepared - cleaned of rust and treated with anti-corrosion paint. A good remedy For such processing, red lead is used.

It is recommended to treat all metal parts located on the façade with red lead after cleaning.

And finally, the preparatory work is crowned by thorough priming of the wall surface. This is necessary both to strengthen their surface and to achieve high adhesion with the adhesive composition.

The specific type of primer is selected depending on the material of the capital wall

For any absorbent walls will do a deep penetration composition, which is applied in at least two passes, with the second layer after the first has been completely absorbed and dried. And for the smooth ones concrete surfaces It is better to use soil from the “concrete contact” category, which has a fine sand filling and creates surface roughness.

After the last layer of applied primer has dried, you can proceed to the installation of insulation boards.

The nuances of installing penoplex slabs

This stage begins with the installation of the starting (otherwise called the base) profile. This structural element performs two important functions. Firstly, it becomes a support for the lower row of slabs and determines the evenness of the masonry. Secondly, the profile will become protection for the foam boards from below, that is, from the side where they will not be covered with plaster.

To install the profile, first a perfectly horizontal line is cut out. Even a slight misalignment will lead to an increase in errors and disruption of the evenness of the slabs as they rise upward.

The width of the starting profile flange must exactly match the thickness of the insulation boards.

The principle of profile installation is shown in the diagram:

Scheme of fastening the base profile and joining its adjacent parts

The base profile (item 1) is fixed to the wall using dowel fastenings (item 2). This “shelf” should completely encircle the house (or the walls where insulation is carried out), naturally, with the exception of doorways. To ensure that adjacent profiles accurately continue each other, special plastic inserts (item 3) can be used to allow alignment within a small range. A deformation gap of about 3 mm must be left between the profiles. And the horizontal shelves of the profiles are joined to each other using special connecting elements (item 4). There can be one or two such liners, depending on the thickness of the slabs used, that is, on the width of the shelf.

Difficulties may arise when attaching the profile to the corners. How this is done is shown in the video below.

Video: How to install a base profile

The gluing of slabs should only be carried out using a special compound intended for thermal insulation work. No other, cheaper “analogues”, such as tile adhesive, are allowed. And the dilution of the mixture should also be carried out without “amateur activity” - only in strict accordance with the attached instructions.

One example of special mixtures for thermal insulation work using “wet facade” technology

The glue consumption at this stage will be considerable - about 5 kg/m². But there is no escape from this.

Approximate scheme for applying glue to foam boards

A continuous strip of glue approximately 100 mm wide is laid out along the perimeter of the slab. And in central region– round slides with a diameter of about 200 mm. Their number will depend on the size of the glued fragment. The height of both stripes and slides is about 20 mm, but it can be slightly higher if it is necessary to eliminate small surface unevenness.

If the wall is completely flat, then it is permissible to apply and distribute the adhesive over the entire surface of the slab using a notched trowel with a comb height of 10 mm.

Before applying the glue, it is recommended to treat both sides of the slab with a coarse grater, wire brush or even the teeth of a hacksaw. After such treatment, all small sawdust and dust should be swept away. And many craftsmen, in addition, recommend carrying out a complete treatment of the Betonokontakt primer slabs. The adhesion of penoplex to building mortars is, to put it mildly, unimportant, and without such preparatory measures everything can “go to waste.”

Now - about the location of the slabs on the wall and the rules for filling some areas.

• The plates are joined as tightly as possible to each other. Locking connections make this task easier. Where locks have to be cut, or when using scraps, when fitting fragments, try to minimize the gaps.
• When gluing the slab, it is pressed very tightly to the surface, so that the glue is distributed as evenly as possible over the back surface to ensure the maximum possible contact with the wall. Excess glue protruding around the perimeter is immediately removed.
• At the corners, the principle of “bandaging” the slabs must be observed, that is, connecting them with a “tooth lock.”
• The rows of slabs are laid out according to the principle of brickwork with vertical joints offset by at least 200 mm. In this case, it is necessary to immediately “estimate” in advance so that there are no unfilled fragments less than 200 mm long.

Wherever the smallest fill piece is located, it should not be shorter than 200 mm.

• Many mistakes are made when installing slabs around window and door openings. It is absolutely unacceptable for the seam line of the surrounding slabs to coincide with the imaginary line of continuation of the opening vertically or horizontally. These areas are where the greatest stress is observed, and if done incorrectly, the plaster will certainly crack later.

It is quite understandable to want to save as much as possible. But only facade finishing in these areas will not be durable.

The correct approach to avoid cracks is shown in the diagram below.

The right approach to framing window and door openings.

At each corner there should be a whole piece of pita, with a corner cut out. Moreover, the length of the “wings” of this corner should be at least 200 mm.

• When framing the openings, an allowance is made for the slabs inside the opening for subsequent joining with the insulation of the slopes. Typically this is 50 mm.
• If there is an expansion joint or a junction of wall panels on the main wall, it must be completely covered with slabs. In this case, the displacement of the nearest seam should be at least 200 mm.

Glue should be the main material for attaching the slabs to the wall. And only after it has set, additional fixation is carried out using “fungi” dowels. The length of these elements is chosen such that the working spacer part of the dowel is immersed in the wall material by at least 45 mm.

“Mushrooms” are usually installed at the corners of the slabs, and one in the center. To save money, it is recommended to place them at the intersection of the seams - then one dowel will support several adjacent slabs at once.

After final fixation, the remaining cracks and gaps between the slabs are filled to eliminate cold bridges. This can be done using polyurethane foam. After the foam expands and hardens, its excess is cut off flush with the overall surface of the installed insulation layer.

Application of a protective plaster reinforced layer

It is not recommended to delay this step after installing the insulation. The impact of ultraviolet radiation on penoplex and polyurethane foam should be minimal. And it is advisable to close the thermal insulation against precipitation and wind as soon as possible.

For work, the same composition that was used to glue the slabs is usually used. The stage is carried out approximately in the following sequence:

It is recommended to start work from the corners of the walls and from the corners of door and window openings. For this purpose, special plaster profiles are used - plastic corners with mesh “wings”. At the same time, insulation of the slopes is carried out - this can be done with strips of the same penoplex 50 mm thick, which are also fixed with glue.

Plaster profile for corner reinforcement

A thin, approximately 2 mm thick, layer of plaster-adhesive mortar is applied to a section of the wall covered with penoplex (no matter on a corner or on a straight surface). For convenience, you can use a notched trowel when distributing the composition - this will make the reinforcement operation easier.

Directly over the raw, freshly applied material, a fiberglass mesh is “sunk” in it. In the corners there is a profile with “wings”; on a flat area there is a strip cut from a roll (usually it is 1000 mm wide). The strip is rolled out vertically from top to bottom and embedded in the solution with a wide spatula or trowel. Important - the entire mesh must be completely immersed in the applied layer. From below, the mesh is cut exactly along the base profile. After this they move on to the next section.

“Recessing” the plaster reinforcing mesh in the layer of applied adhesive solution

All adjacent mesh strips (including along the transition lines from plaster profiles to straight sections of the wall) must overlap by at least 100 mm. If a horizontal overlap of two strips located one above the other is necessary, then it must be at least 150 mm.

After the reinforcement is completed, the solution is allowed to set. This can take from several hours to a day, depending on the weather outside and the characteristics of the mixture used. After this, another covering layer of the same composition is applied, which simultaneously performs the necessary leveling of the surface. The thickness of the application is about 2 mm, if in the future it is planned to finish with decorative plaster, or a little thicker - 3 mm, if facade paint will be used.

It is clear that when finishing with decorative plaster there is no need to smooth the applied coating layer to perfection. But if you plan to paint, then, of course, you will have to tinker more, making the most clean grouting and sanding the surface.

But this is already a matter of finishing. As for the actual insulation using the “wet facade” technology, it ends at this stage.

What needs to be calculated before starting work?

There are two main questions:

• How thick should penoplex slabs be to ensure complete thermal insulation of the walls?
• How many materials will be needed for the job?

We will try to give an answer, and in the form of online calculators.

Calculator for calculating the required thickness of insulation

Thermal insulation must be such that the total thermal resistance of the wall is not less than the value established for the given region.

Need to know:

Normalized value of thermal resistance (m²×K/W). You can find it using the map diagram below. The meaning is taken “for walls”.

Map diagram of the territory of the Russian Federation indicating the normalized values ​​of the thermal resistance of building structures

The thickness and material of the house wall.

If desired, you can take into account the planned external and internal decoration of the wall. Some materials can enhance its thermal insulation qualities, which may affect the thickness of the insulation. However, the influence is often not so great, and if you don’t want to go into details, you can skip this step.

If all the data is available, you can “enter” the calculator. The result will be shown in millimeters. This - minimum value, which is then rounded up to standard thicknesses expanded polystyrene boards.

Specify the requested parameters and click
“CALCULATE THE THICKNESS OF POLYSTYRENE FOAM FOR THE WALL”

Select insulation material:

The value of the required heat transfer resistance FOR WALLS (purple numbers, e.g. 3.25)

SPECIFY THE PARAMETERS OF THE INSULATED WALL

1000 - to convert to meters

Will the external wall finish be taken into account?

Will it be taken into account interior decoration premises?

Specify interior finishing material

We figured out the thickness of the slabs. Now you need to find out their number. And, along the way, the necessary volumes of purchasing other materials.

Calculator for calculating materials for insulation using “wet facade” technology

Here everything is simple, the calculation is based on the planned insulation area. For all materials there is a traditional reserve of 10%.

The calculator does not only include a base profile and plaster corners for framing corners and openings. But this will have to be measured locally, since each house has its own configuration, and the consumption of these materials does not depend in any way on the surface area of ​​the walls.

An example of wall insulation using “wet facade” technology - step by step, with comments

Just a small disclaimer. Above we talked mainly about penoplex. An example of insulation using white foam blocks will also be shown here. Let this not confuse the reader - this does not significantly affect the “wet facade” technology. With penoplex, due to the presence of locking edges, it is even somewhat easier to join the slabs evenly when installing them.

But foam plastic still has some kind of vapor permeability, that is, the risk of getting a damp wall is much lower than when using penoplex. So there is something to think about.

	They start by preparing the wall. All protrusions and sagging of masonry mortar are removed. Nothing should prevent the insulation board from pressing tightly against the wall over its entire area.
	Dips, on the contrary, are sealed flush with the general surface. Repair (expansion and subsequent sealing) of cracks and crevices is carried out. Then you will have to wait for the solution to dry in the repair areas.
	The wall surface must be cleaned of adhering dirt and dust. Removed and old paint– anything that can harm good adhesion when gluing slabs.
	The next step is priming the wall. In this example, a deep penetration primer is used.
	For the first layer on an absorbent surface, it is recommended to dilute the primer with water, approximately 30–35%. This way it will be absorbed deeper into the base.
	On large areas, it is convenient to use a sprayer when initially applying primer. It turns out much faster. If not, you will have to use a brush or roller
	During primary priming, there is little point in skimping on a diluted solution. Everything should be moistened generously, without leaving any gaps. Increased attention, as always, to difficult areas, and especially to internal corners.
	After the primary layer has been completely absorbed and dried, a second one is applied, but with primer in a normal concentration. Here it is better to use a wide brush, literally rubbing the composition into the surface of the wall.
	The priming is complete, and after the walls have dried, you can attach the base profile. To do this, a perfectly horizontal line must be drawn at the planned height.
	How the base (starting) profile is attached has already been shown and described above. We won't repeat ourselves.
	It is recommended to “ruffle” the foam boards on both sides a little - go over them with a special needle roller, a metal brush or a coarse grater. All small sawdust formed during this process must be shaken off.
	Glue for the slabs is being prepared. It usually has a good “lifespan”, but it still costs so much to knead that it is guaranteed to be used up within about an hour. If it starts to set in the container, that’s it, it’s over, no amount of adding water can “revive” it. And you will have to throw away the unspent balance.
	The glue is mixed in the proportion specified by the manufacturer. In this case, the dry mixture is added to a measured amount of water, but not vice versa.
	Mixing is carried out with a construction mixer. A completely homogeneous consistency is achieved, then a pause is given for 5 minutes for ripening, then another vigorous kneading - and the composition is ready for use.
	The glue is applied to the slab. The scheme by which this is done was described earlier. True - one nuance. Please note that the strips along the perimeter are laid out so that their peak height is closer to the middle of the slab. This “trick” will result in, after pressing the slab, less mortar squeezed out at the edges, which will have to be removed one way or another.
	The glue-coated slab is installed in place and pressed tightly against the wall surface. The illustration shows installation not on the starting profile, but on a previously made insulation belt for the basement part of the foundation. But this is a detail that does not affect the “general course of events.” But a stretched cord for precise control of the horizontality of the laid out row can be a very useful help.
	Each slab must be checked for evenness of installation in a vertical plane. If necessary, you have to apply force by tapping the slab through a spacer - for example, a piece of board.
	The masonry scheme has already been discussed, so there are only a few nuances. The illustration shows the interlocking ligation of slabs on the outer corner. How is this done practically?
	One slab is already glued, and its end exactly coincides with the corner line of the building. The second is placed on the adjacent wall with a slight protrusion beyond the level of the already mounted slab.
	After the glue has hardened, it will be easy to cut off this protrusion with a hacksaw. The next row in this area will be installed in the opposite sequence.
	An important point - in the area where adjacent slabs are joined together (shown in blue shading), there should under no circumstances be any glue! And in general, for the future, glue should never be used either to connect adjacent slabs or to fill possible gaps between them. And the plates themselves should only be pressed against each other as tightly as possible.
	And this is a mandatory interlocking of the slabs in the inner corner.
	Don't forget about the rules for framing window and door openings.
	The slabs in the example shown are thick. Therefore, where the window sill will be located, the master prudently made a cut at a slight angle.
	The work continues in the same order until the entire area of ​​the insulated walls is covered. If the height of the walls is large, you will have to provide scaffolding or long, high trestles. You won’t get much work from a stepladder here...
	After installing the slabs, all cracks and gaps are sealed with polyurethane foam...
	...the excess of which, after expansion and hardening, is cut off flush with the surface.
	You can immediately check the surface for the presence of small steps, irregularities, etc. The attached rule will detect them immediately.
	And they are quite easily eliminated with a grater with coarse sandpaper on it.
	The entire wall is covered with thermal insulation boards. We wait for the glue to harden.
	The next stage is additional mechanical fixation of the slabs with “fungi” dowels. A drill is installed on the hammer drill required diameter, the drilling depth limiter is set - the length of the “fungus” plus about another 15 mm.
	A hole is drilled directly through the insulation in the wall in the right place - until the limiter stops in the slab.
	A “fungus” is inserted into the hole and pressed down by hand until it rests firmly on the slab.
	Then, depending on the design of the “fungus”, a central expansion screw is screwed into it...
	...or the spacer pin is driven in. If a thermal head is provided (a plug for the central hole), then it is immediately installed in place.
	This continues across the entire area of ​​the wall until all the slabs have received final fixation. You can proceed to plastering.
	The same plaster-adhesive solution is prepared again. Cooking proportions remain unchanged.
	An important nuance. Remember, there was a conversation about maximum stresses at the corners of window and door openings? So, to prevent the finishing from cracking here, it is recommended not only to lay a solid fragment of the slab, but also to perform additional reinforcement with diagonal gussets made of fiberglass mesh. A layer of 2-3 mm of adhesive is applied, and sections of the stack, located at an angle of 45 degrees, are sunk into it with a trowel. The edge of the mesh should go along the top of the corner of the opening. This is done on all four corners of window openings, and on two corners of door openings.
	The edges of the slopes are reinforced. First, the master works on the top side, using a plaster profile with mesh “wings”...
	...and then, in the same way, with the remaining sides around the perimeter of the opening.
	It is recommended to glue additional reinforcing lining from a piece of mesh into the mortar and on the inner corners of the openings.
	Having finished with the openings, move on to the corners of the building. The same plaster profile is also used here.
	Next, the reinforcement of the insulated wall surfaces begins. First, a thin, 2 mm, layer of plaster and adhesive composition is applied. Distributed over the surface. You should not grab an area that is too large - after all, you will need to have time to glue the mesh into it before it sets. Usually they work from top to bottom in strips, based on gluing one or two meter mesh sheets into them (depending on the height of the wall, and also on personal experience carrying out such an operation).
	Next, furrows are applied with a notched trowel (trowel). Their direction does not matter - whatever is more convenient. But usually they are “plowed” vertically.
	A strip of mesh of the required length is cut. Its gluing will be done from top to bottom. To begin with, the mesh is temporarily fixed in place by simply pressing it against the solution.
	Then, using a wide trowel (spatula), forcefully press it into the layer of glue. Under no circumstances should there be any missing sections.
	The entire mesh should be completely “sunk” in the solution, the surface of which will be leveled at the same time with a trowel. In this case, folds or wrinkles of the mesh must be strictly excluded.
	Having finished with one vertical strip, glue the next one. In this case, the overlap of the strips should be at least 100 mm. The boundary of this mandatory overlap is marked on many reinforcing meshes. Then everything is the same: applying a layer of glue, plowing the furrows, fixing the mesh, embedding, etc.
	Reinforcement of internal wall corners does not require special profiles. Simply, approximately 100 mm of mesh is placed from one wall onto the second.
	And when the mesh strip is glued to the second wall, then 100 mm is applied to the first. This “counter” reinforcement gives a very good result. The main thing is that there are no jams or bubbles.
	This is the kind of neat corner I should learn in the end.
	Work continues in the same order. Along the window and door openings, the mesh strips should overlap with the mesh “wings” of the previously glued plaster profiles.
	The reinforcing plaster layer must be given time to dry, but usually no more than a day - it is dangerous to delay. And to prevent it from cracking, especially in hot weather, it should be periodically moistened with water, for example, from a spray bottle or garden sprayer that produces very fine drops.
	After a day, you can check the quality of the resulting surface. If there are small sagging or protruding irregularities, they can be carefully removed. But not with an abrasive float (it’s so easy to damage the mesh), but simply with a spatula, acting as a scraper.
	You can also check the surface for the presence of “dips” using the proposed rule.
	If such are found, then it is easy, if necessary, to bring them to the general level with a small portion of the solution, smoothed with the rule.
	Next, they begin to apply the last, leveling layer of the same plaster and adhesive composition. And again it’s better to start with the slopes, having finally given them a neat appearance.
	Next, they move on to the walls. As already mentioned, a layer of approximately 2 mm should be applied for further decorative plastering. For painting it is better to have a slightly larger one - 3÷4 mm.
	Naturally, when applying this layer, they try to smooth the surface as much as possible and prepare it for subsequent “decoration”. But this, to be honest, is a transition to the area of ​​finishing, that is, beyond the scope of our consideration.

So, the article discussed the principles of insulating external walls using the “wet facade” technology. The task is not easy, but still feasible even for those who take it on for the first time. The main thing is to strictly follow the recommendations and fully study each technological operation.

But we repeat once again: external insulation of walls with polystyrene foam is very far from optimal and carries many risks. You should think ten times before making such a decision. A much more reliable material for a wet facade is basalt wool - special high-density blocks that are also easily glued to the wall surface and then plastered.

To make the warning clearer, watch a short video. And be sure to also read the comments to it. There are many opinions there, but the general meaning will probably become clear.

Video: Is it worth using penoplex on the facade?

Work at this stage:

• made of material (Glue)

Work at this stage:

Work at this stage:

• Glue the insulation to the wall.

Work at this stage:

• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• Drive metal nails into dowels.

• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and cohesion of the adhesive layer in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation and this map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.

• made of material (insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• Drive metal nails into dowels.

• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
• Remove excess mixture

• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• Remove excess mixture

• from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
• Remove excess adhesive mass.

• control method (Visual)

Work at this stage:

• control method (Visual)

Work at this stage:

• Applying plaster.

• made of material (Paint)
• control method (Visual)

Work at this stage:

• control method (Visual)

Work at this stage:

Insulating the facade with foam plastic

• Advantages and disadvantages of polystyrene foam
• Preparing the façade walls
• Installation of the base profile
• Installation of insulation boards
• How to glue insulation to walls?
• Fastening insulation with dowels
• Waterproof reinforced layer and its structure
• Installation of perforated corners
• Creation of the main reinforcing layer
• Tips and tricks
• Facade painting
• How to determine the cost of materials for insulating facades with foam plastic

This article will tell you in detail about how to insulate a facade, what nuances and materials you need to choose. Here you will find a description of the stages of work when performing external thermal insulation of a house. We will tell you about the pros and cons of polystyrene foam, how to properly prepare the surface in order to obtain excellent result. This article clearly and clearly describes the process of correctly fastening the base profile and starting installation work on insulating the house. We have taken into account all possible nuances so that you can easily learn how to work on thermal insulation of a room.

Specialists in the field of development of insulating structures have long been working on the issue of how to minimize the possibility of heat loss during the construction of buildings. Solving this problem will lead to a significant reduction in economic costs.

Technologies are constantly developing, thanks to which an optimal solution to the issue of insulation of buildings has now been found. Method bonded thermal insulation already applied long time. This technology is constantly being improved. Specialists conduct research, create new manuals and technological maps. Many countries have developed and launched energy saving programs. They are based on the idea of ​​“wet” external insulation of houses that were built earlier.

For the method of bonded thermal insulation, materials with high thermal performance are used. They are made in the form of mats and slabs. For example, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, mineral wool. The work performed using these materials is identical. The installation technology is only slightly different.

More often than others, polystyrene foam is used for insulation. This is due to the low cost of the material, low thermal conductivity, and good operational characteristics. Due to the fact that the material is light in weight, effective and inexpensive insulation of any buildings is possible. When using polystyrene foam, there is no need to strengthen the load-bearing structures or strengthen the foundation.

Problems when insulating an external facade can only arise due to the wrong choice of materials or gross technological errors. Let's look at the step-by-step process of insulating a house using polystyrene foam.

Using polystyrene foam: advantages and disadvantages

Experience shows that there are no materials that do not have shortcomings. Foam plastic is no exception. Along with a lot of positive qualities, it also has negative ones. Let's consider both.

polystyrene foam is a good insulator

Advantages of insulating the facade with foam plastic:

• cost-effectiveness when using the material compared to other heat insulators;
• good thermal conductivity;
• when using polystyrene foam, no vapor barrier is required;
• the material does not absorb moisture;
• polystyrene foam is durable in use;
• the material is not susceptible to microorganisms
• The insulation is easy to install.

Disadvantages of insulating the facade with foam plastic:

• flammability;
• releases when burning acrid smoke, which is very toxic;
• easily spoiled by small rodents.

As you can see from the list above, there are many more positive aspects than negative ones. Therefore, by insulating the facade with foam plastic, you are making the right choice.

The process of thermal insulation using polystyrene foam is not complicated. It is necessary to study the main stages, select necessary tools and consumables. Please note that they should be intended specifically for external finishing work.

First of all, you need to find out the amount of polystyrene foam needed to insulate the house. This is easy to find out; you just need to measure the outside area of ​​the building. It is important to correctly calculate the zero point for each specific case.

If the goal is to insulate a residential building, then experts advise buying sheets of foam plastic with a thickness of 25-45 mm. When thermally insulating industrial facilities, insulation with a thickness of at least 60 mm must be used for walls, and 80 mm for roofs.

Important point! If you incorrectly calculated the zero point, then there may be an accumulation of dampness inside the room. It can cause mold, unpleasant odors and increased humidity. Pay attention to the density of the material when insulating the facade. Use expert recommendations.

Insulation pie

The main stages when insulating walls with foam plastic:

1. A wall that needs to be insulated.
2. Glue (adhesive material).
3. Base profile.
4. Polystyrene plates.
5. Mesh and dowels.
6. Primer layer.
7. Layer of decorative finishing.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the facade with polystyrene foam occurs in the following order:

• walls need to be prepared;
• install the base profile;
• install foam plastic;
• seal the seams;
• plaster the facade;
• apply a leveling layer.

For quick and high-quality work, prepare all materials and tools in advance.

You need the following materials:

1. polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam;
2. primer for exterior work;
3. foam glue;
4. base profile;
5. construction foam;
6. putty;
7. reinforced mesh;
8. serrated and smooth spatula;
9. hammer;
10. disc dowels;
11. perforator;
12. plastic grater for grouting.

Stage of facade wall preparation

The functionality and durability of the thermal insulation produced depends on how well the walls are prepared. This is one of the most time-consuming and painstaking stages in the work. But without completing it, you will not insulate the building properly.

Start by clearing the wall of all protruding objects: window sills, air conditioning units, ventilation grilles, storm gutters, lighting fixtures, etc. If communications get into the plane of the wall, they should also be removed. When insulating old buildings, the façade often has decorative elements. For high-quality insulation they will have to be eliminated.

Check strength exterior finishing, if the walls were previously plastered. Knock her. Determine if there are vertical deviations in the surface. To do this, use a plumb line or cord. If you find any, mark them with chalk. Often at this stage, significant level differences and weak spots in the plaster are identified. If such problems are found, they must be eliminated. At least remove the bad layer of plaster. Sludges of concrete can be removed with a chisel.

Cracks and potholes on the wall are primed using compounds that penetrate deep inside. This is done using maklavits. After the solution has dried, it must be puttied with a cement-based mixture. Cracks whose width does not exceed 2 mm do not need to be sealed. Local depressions on the wall must be eliminated by gluing a piece of wall insulation to them.

Important point! The base, which has an unevenness of more than 15 mm, must be primed and then leveled with a plaster compound.

After the preliminary preparation of the walls has been carried out, the surfaces have been leveled and dried, the external brackets have been lengthened, plastering has been done, screeds have been poured, and waterproofing has been done - you can proceed to the final priming of the surface and begin insulating the facade with polystyrene foam yourself.

Important point! If you plan to place communications under the foam plastic, then in order to avoid possible damage during further doweling of the insulation, mark their routes. You can also take photographs by placing an unfolded tape measure against the enclosing structures.

We fix the base profiles and the starting strip

we attach the base profile - starting strip

Based on the project, you need to determine the lower point of the plane that you are insulating. Then, using a hydraulic level, you need to transfer this mark to all corners of the structure, both external and internal. Connect them with coated thread or cord. You will have a starting line. According to the markings, begin installing the base profile. With its help, the first row of foam boards will be held in place, since they can easily move with wet glue. Select the size of the starting strip, it should be the same as the width of the insulation. Attach it to six-millimeter dowels at intervals of 250-350 mm. It is recommended to place the washers on the driven “quick-fit” nail. Join the corners of the starting strip using the method of oblique cuts; you can use a corner connector. Place plastic connecting elements between the parts of the base profiles. They compensate for temperature expansion.

Important point! Never make overlapping connections to the base profile.

Installation of foam plastic on walls

First, prepare the adhesive. It must be used immediately. Within 2 hours after kneading, the prepared mass will thicken. Therefore, prepare glue in the amount that is necessary for the work at the moment. Use a large plastic bucket or basin. Pour the amount of water specified in the instructions into it. Slowly add the dry mixture, constantly stirring with a drill equipped with special attachments at low speed. The stirred solution should stand for 5 minutes. Then use the drill with the attachment again. If the mixture thickens during the process, just stir it well.

Important point! Do not use water to thin thickened adhesive. Carefully read the adhesive manufacturer's instructions.

Applying glue to foam boards

Apply glue to foam boards

A specific method of applying glue is chosen depending on what difference in the plane needs to be compensated. If unevenness is up to 15 mm, glue is applied along the perimeter of the slab, retreating 20 mm from the edge. The width of the applied strip is about 20 mm. In the middle of the slab, place 5-7 beacons of 100 mm in diameter.

Glue is applied around the perimeter and in the middle of the slab if the base defects are 10 mm or less. The width of the strip is 25-45 mm. During installation, the glue should cover a little more than half of the foam sheet. Remember that at the moment of pressing, the adhesive mixture will be distributed between the wall and the insulation.

If the insulation board is installed on a flat surface, the difference of which is no more than 5 mm, then the insulation can be coated with a continuous layer. Use a notched spatula-comb for this (tooth 10*10 mm).

Important point! Apply intermittent stripes of glue. This is necessary to prevent the formation of closed air pockets.

How to glue insulation to walls?

Glue the insulation

Within 20 minutes after you have applied the mixture, the slab must be glued. Place the sheet at the desired location with a slight offset (20-30 mm). Then press with a long float or rule into the plane of the adjacent slabs. Excess glue from the surface of the foam base must be removed immediately. Use a level to check each glued sheet. Using a thread, it is convenient to control the direction of the plane. Press the sheets tightly against each other, 2 mm is the maximum distance between the plates. If during installation gaps larger than this value are formed, they must be sealed with strips of insulation and foam used. The difference at the joints can be no more than 3 mm in thickness.

Important point! Do not move the board after gluing. Otherwise, you risk breaking the strength of the connection with the wall surface. If you absolutely need to re-glue the sheet, then remove it, clean off the glue, apply a new layer of the mixture and re-glue it.

Start installing the foam from the bottom up. The sheets of the first row should rest against the base profile. Therefore, it must be positioned perfectly evenly relative to the wall surface. Usually, it is most convenient to start by installing the first and last rows of slabs, and stretch a control thread along their outer upper edge, which will help glue the remaining sheets.

The next row of slabs should have tied vertical joints. Their displacement should be in relation to the previous one with a value of at least 200 mm. It is best to use a “chessboard” order for laying foam sheets. This will provide them with additional reliability.

level the foam using a level or rule

Make sure that the joints located near the doors and windows do not fall in line with the slopes on the sides. Try to ensure that the connection occurs under or above the opening, with an offset of at least 200 mm. L-shaped elements do a good job of preventing the formation of cracks that run from the corners to the opening.

If there are junctions of different materials on the wall (for example, a brick wall turns into a wooden one), then the foam boards should not have joints in this place. Offset the seam by at least 100mm. The same rule must be followed when insulating areas where recessed or protruding parts of the facade are located under one plane.

Make toothed connections between the slabs at the corners of the façade, both internal and external. A long vertical seam will not form if the insulation of the outer rows is wedged into the plane of adjacent surfaces. Install slabs of external corners and slopes with an outlet the size of which will be sufficient for dressing. Once the corner is formed, the foam can be trimmed and sanded. Cut the material using a metal ruler and square. Use a knife with a wide blade or a saw with a thin blade and small teeth. This way you can cut the foam straight.

Proper fastening of insulation near window and door openings

When insulating slopes, join the slabs to door and window frames. Use an adjacent profile or polyurethane foam sealing tape. Glue it onto the box, compress it with insulation to half its thickness. For a window located in the plane of the facade, the thermal insulation material should extend slightly beyond the frame (at least 20mm). Also seal the box with sealing tape.

Install foam plastic with a gap of 10-12 mm if the wall has a deformed seam. After that, insert a rope of polyethylene foam with a circular cross-section into it. Compress to 30% of original diameter. When insulating the facade with polystyrene foam yourself, it is convenient to have seals of various thicknesses.

The stage of fixing thermal insulation boards using dowels

After the glue has completely set (usually this is at least 3 days), you can proceed to the stage of securing the foam with dowels. For this purpose, special fasteners are used.

Correct fastening of foam plastic to the facade using dowels

scheme for fastening insulation with dowels, 4/6/8 it all depends on the size of the slab

made of high-strength elastic plastic. Such dowels have a wide hat made in the shape of an umbrella, perforation and a driving nail made of plastic. Depending on the thickness of the foam sheet and the characteristics of the base, select the required length of the fastener. The umbrella should fit 90 mm into the brick, 50 mm into the concrete, and 120 mm into the block with a cellular structure.

Most often, fastening is performed in the center of the slab and at its corners. The calculation is 6-8 fasteners per 1 m2. Additional dowels are installed near door slopes, window openings, at the corners of the building, and in the basement area. Place them 200 mm from the edge of the sheet. The number of additional fasteners depends on the dimensions of the building, the size of the foam boards, and the characteristics of the dowel.

Using a hammer drill, drill a hole. Remove dust from it. Experts advise making the recesses longer than the fastener rod itself by 10-15 mm. Insert the dowel and hammer it into the hole with a rubber hammer. Or screw in the pin using a screwdriver. The fastener head should be flush with the surface of the insulation sheet. The maximum protrusion is no more than 1 mm.

Important point! Do not use dowels with a metal core. They can lead to the formation of cold bridges. If the head of the rod is damaged during driving, then immerse it completely in the insulation and seal the top with sealant. Make another one next to the damaged fastener. Install the umbrellas strictly perpendicular to the plane of the wall surface. Check the strength of the fastening for tearing.

Waterproof reinforced layer and its structure

Make auxiliary mesh layers that will enhance the reliability of the structure.

Using reinforcing patches made of reinforcing mesh, it is necessary to glue the corners of window and door openings. Make patches of at least 200x300 mm in size. Performing this procedure will avoid cracks that appear at the inner corner of the opening. Installation of the main reinforcing layer is no different from installation of mesh reinforcement.

Installation stage of perforated corners

Installation of perforated corners on insulation

It is necessary to strengthen all external corners of the building, slopes, and protruding decorative elements. For this purpose, plastic or aluminum perforated corners are used. They come with mesh strips already attached to them. Glue is applied to both sides of the corner. The width of the strip should touch the mesh so that it also sticks. After that, the properly cut perforated corner is pressed against the insulation sheet using a spatula. Using a level, the angle is set horizontally and vertically. The glue that has come out of the holes in the mesh cells is smoothed over the surface of the wall. The perforated corners must be connected end-to-end, cutting off part of the shelf and mesh from the edge of the profile at an angle of 45°. If necessary, the corner can be fixed, leveled, and tensioned. To do this, insert nails into the insulation through the holes. Once glued, they can be removed.

Stage of creating the main reinforcing layer

After the additional layers have dried and all the reinforcement elements have been secured, the installation of the main mesh can begin.

The reinforcing mesh is glued with an overlap of about 10 cm

In order to strengthen the thermal insulation material, a special mesh is used, designed for working with the facade. It is made of fiberglass, low-stretch and alkali-resistant, which can withstand a load of about 1.25 kN per strip 50 mm wide.

The mixture used to protect the insulation and install the reinforcing mesh is different from that which was used to glue the slabs. But the principle of preparing the solution remains the same. You should slowly pour the dry substance into the water. Then thoroughly stir the solution using a drill with special tips.

Sand the glued sheets using hand floats and sandpaper. In this case, differences at the joints of the plates will be eliminated. Before applying the solution, make sure that the surface is properly cleaned of dirt, dust and sanding residue.

Cut the mesh into strips of equal height. Carefully apply a layer of adhesive solution to the wall surface, the thickness of which should be about 2 mm. Use a metal grater or grater for this. The prepared mesh needs to be unwound over the entire length of the surface coated with glue, applied to the solution, pressed using a grater or a nasty metal staple. Smooth the fabric starting from the middle. Work your way carefully towards the edges. Smooth the excess glue over the surface of the walls.

Important point! Do not press the mesh against the insulation, place it in the middle of the layer.

Apply a second layer of mortar to the newly glued reinforced mesh. The thickness of the mixture must be at least 2 mm. It is necessary to leave a 100 mm thick edge in order to be able to apply the next strip of mesh. Carefully smooth out the new layer of glue. If you did everything correctly, then the mesh should not be visible through it in its finished form. Apply the mixture to the surface next to the glued reinforced fabric. The next strip of mesh should cover the previous one by 100 mm. Next, continue to apply glue to the surface and apply reinforced mesh to it.

We strengthen the reinforcing mesh near windows and doors

The next day after laying the reinforced canvas, it should not dry completely. It is then that it must be sanded using sandpaper. If re-leveling is necessary, additional adhesive can be used. But you should wait until the first layer of reinforced mesh coated with glue has completely dried.

After three days, the reinforced walls should dry completely. They need to be treated with a soil mixture that contains quartz sand. It will provide a high degree of adhesion for layers that will be applied in the future. In addition, it will be easier to apply decorative plaster. How to do this correctly will be discussed in the following articles.

• Carry out wall insulation work in the described manner at temperatures from +5 to +25 degrees. Air humidity should not exceed 80%. Protect working surfaces from exposure to precipitation, sunlight, and wind. Use continuous curtains made of scaffolding or thick mesh stretched over the top.
• Install scaffolding securely. Leave a distance from the building of 200-300 mm. Such structures provide access to any sections of the wall and several meters of surfaces adjacent to it. Scaffolding is erected in such a way that an unhindered opportunity to carry out any technological work is ensured.
• Using masking tape, carry out the work of sealing door and window frames. Also note the plastic film. Cover the blind area and porch of the building with it or pieces of cardboard. After finishing painting work, immediately remove the tape.
• Thermal insulation material should not be stored under the sun. Also avoid exposing it to snow and rain.
• If you have covered a wall with foam plastic and do not apply a reinforced layer for a long time, the insulation boards may turn yellow. If this happens, use sandpaper to clean the yellow surface.
• Start insulating from the wall that is least noticeable. If any defects arise, they can be corrected without damaging the appearance of the building. You will also be able to work out the procedure and process technology.
• If it happens that the work must be left for the winter, protect the insulation. Be sure to apply a reinforcing layer and cover with a primer containing quartz sand. To protect horizontal planes, install window sills and all necessary metal elements.
• Try not to interrupt work on one wall, or at least complete the "wet" stages of the process. Especially when it comes to reinforcement and finishing.
• When using the bonded insulation method, use only specialized consumables. Choose polystyrene foam designed specifically for outdoor use. It has a certain density indicator - 25kg/m3. Facade insulation has vapor permeability and fire resistance values ​​that are different from other types of thermal insulation material. Installation solutions cannot be replaced with mixtures for ceramic tiles. The alkali-resistant mesh must be specifically designed to perform external works. To attach the insulation, buy only high-quality dowels. Experts advise using all consumables from the same manufacturer. Don't forget to read the instructions for use.

Painting the facade

After the finishing layer has dried, you can paint the surface. For this purpose, use any paint that is intended for outdoor work. It is convenient and economical to use a soft foam roller for work.

By insulating a building in this way, you get the effect of a thermos. That is, during cold times the house will always remain warm.

How to determine the cost of materials for insulating facades with foam plastic

Well, the most interesting thing is for last. Of course, it’s difficult to say how much the materials will cost you. It all depends on the area of ​​insulation and the region of residence.

As an example, I can give an approximate price for the cost of thermal insulation of a wall of 50 square meters. for Moscow and the Moscow region. Taking into account the costs of the insulation itself, glue, profiles, etc., the average amount will be $1,100.

If you want to find out the price, I advise you to take a newspaper with advertisements and call a couple. I'm sure the prices won't differ much. For one thing, talk to specialists live, get additional information and calculate your budget.

This article will help you insulate the facade with polystyrene foam with your own hands and avoid additional expenses. Now you can handle such tasks yourself.

1. The first stage in the technology for insulating facades is preparing the surface of the walls of the facade itself.

For Stage 1 you will need the following:

• from tools (metal brushes, vacuum cleaner, scraper, high-pressure unit with heated water, trowels, graters and half-graters, smoothers, rollers, paint sprayers, slats, rules, plumb lines).
• from materials (polymer cement and cement-sand mortars of grades 100-150, penetrating primer).
• control methods (visual, measuring - rod, plumb, level).
• controlled parameters (Surface evenness, absence of cracks, cavities. Uniformity of surface priming, compliance of the choice of primer with the type of base). The thickness of the layers is no more than 0.5 mm in 1 layer. Drying time – at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Mechanical cleaning of metal. brushes to remove dirt and dust. In case of concrete walls removal of concrete and cement laitance stains. Leveling uneven surfaces, sealing cracks, depressions, cavities, recesses with polymer cement mortar M-100, 150. In the case of repair and restoration work, old (convex) plaster or tiles are removed, the facade is plastered with cement-sand mortar M-100.
• Prime the surface with a primer composition.
• Dilution with water, penetrating primer 1:7

2. The second stage is the preparation of the adhesive mass.

For stage 2 you will need the following:

• made of material (Glue)
• from tools (Capacity with a volume of at least 10 liters. Mixer, drill and special attachments, buckets)
• control method (Visual, laboratory)
• controlled parameters (dosage of components, compliance of adhesive masses, (uniformity, mobility, adhesive strength, etc.) requirements of technical specifications).

Work at this stage:

• Open a standard 25 kg bag of dry mixture.
• - Pour 5 liters of water (from +15 to +20°C) into a clean container with a volume of at least 10 liters and add the dry mixture to the water in small portions, mix it with a low-speed drill with a special attachment until a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
• - After a 5-minute break, mix the finished adhesive mass again.
• - Preparation of the adhesive mass is carried out at an air temperature of +5°C and above.

3. The third stage is the installation of the first row of insulation using a base profile

For Stage 3 you will need the following:

• made of material (base profile, anchors, insulation mineral wool board
• glue metal nails, bolts, dowels)
• from tools (Electric impact wrenches, hammers, plumb lines, theodolite - level, knives, metal rulers, toothed and smooth spatulas, plate cutting device, hammers, tape measures, plumb lines, theodolite - level)
• control method (Visual, optical measuring (level))
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, layer thickness in accordance with the Technical Certificate). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm, drying time is 24 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Set the horizontal profile of the base profile to the zero mark.
• The profile should be fastened with anchors or dowels in accordance with the Technical Certificate.
• Level the wall using special plastic spacers.
• The profile connection is made using special gaskets included in the system.
• Cut mineral wool boards (insulation) into 300 mm strips to install the first row of insulation.
• Apply the adhesive mass with a notched trowel in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board.
• Glue the insulation to the wall.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm, and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the strips of mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation

4. Installation of a standard range of insulation from PSB-S-25F

For step 4 you will need the following:

• made of material (Thermomax 100K glue, insulation, PSB-S-25F, dowel, metal nails)
• from a tool (See above, Grinding stones, with pressure device)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (design position, thickness of the adhesive layer, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, serrated ligation, adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the surface of the base and to the surface of the insulation, number of dowels per 1 sq.m. strength of dowel fixation, depth of dowel anchoring in the base .). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the PSB-S-25F slab in one of three ways, which are indicated in the instructions for use, depending on the curvature of the walls.
• Glue the PSB-S25F slab to the wall (with a bandage of ½ of the slab relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the PSB-S-25F slab and install it depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the insulation boards with scraps of insulation.
• Sand the installed PSB-S-25 slabs

Stage 4.1: Installation of mineral wool slabs between floors

For step 4.1 you will need the following:

• made of material (insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and cohesion of the adhesive layer in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation and this map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Cut the mineral wool board into 200mm strips.
• Apply the adhesive mass to the entire plane of the insulation strip with a notched trowel.
• Glue the insulation to the wall at the level of the upper slope of the window on each floor in a continuous strip.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the PSB-S-25F mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation.

Stage 4.2: Installation of a standard range of mineral wool board insulation

For stage 4.2 you will need the following:

• made of material (mineral wool board insulation, glue, dowel, metal nails, bolts)
• from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
• control method (Visual, measuring)
• controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and cohesion of the adhesive layer in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation and this map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the adhesive mass to the mineral wool board using one of three methods indicated in the instructions, depending on the unevenness of the walls.
• Glue the mineral wool slab to the wall (with ligation of the slabs relative to the bottom row of insulation).
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation board and install it, depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
• Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.

Stage 5. Installation of firebreaks around window and door openings.

For Stage 5 you will need the following:

• made of material (insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting insulation boards)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (design position, continuity and thickness of the adhesive layer, width of the cuts, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, installation diagram of the insulation at the tops of the corners of the openings (“boots”), number of dowels, depth of anchoring of the dowel in the base, strength of fixation in the base) . Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Cut the insulation into strips equal to or greater than 150 mm wide
• Apply the adhesive mass in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board with a notched trowel.
• Install strips of mineral wool boards around the perimeter of the window according to the standard system unit.
• After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall through strips of mineral wool board under the dowel and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
• Drive metal nails into dowels.
• Caulk the seams between the slabs and insulation scraps

Stage 6. Reinforcement of building corners, window and door openings

For stage 6 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, plastic corner)
• from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting slabs and insulation)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters ( Appearance, surface straightness). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
• Install a plastic corner on the insulation at the corners of the building, window and door openings.

Stage 7. Applying a reinforcing layer on window and door slopes

For stage 7 you will need the following:

• made of material (universal elastic mixture, reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, graters, brushes, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (Appearance, presence of additional mesh layers). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
• Place the previously glued corner reinforcing mesh into the freshly applied mixture.
• Remove excess mixture
• After the first layer has dried, glue additional strips of diagonal reinforcing mesh (kerchiefs) at the corners of window, door and other openings

Stage 8. Installation of an anti-vandal base layer for the first floors of the building

For stage 8 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, armored mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the technical certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 3 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
• Place the shell mesh into the freshly laid mixture without gaps. The connection of the panzer mesh fabric is mounted end-to-end, without overlap.
• Remove excess mixture

Stage 9. Applying a reinforcing layer to the insulation plane

For stage 9 you will need the following:

• made of material (Universal elastic mixture, regular reinforcing mesh)
• from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
• control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
• controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the Technical Certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 4 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

• Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
• Place a regular reinforcing mesh into the freshly laid adhesive mixture without gaps, with an overlap of at least 100 mm at the vertical and horizontal joints.
• Remove excess adhesive mass.
• Apply the adhesive mass for leveling onto the dried surface of the reinforcing layer, completely covering the reinforcing mesh and creating a smooth surface.
• After the leveling layer has dried, smooth out any uneven areas with sandpaper.

Stage 10. Primer for decorative finishing

For stage 10 you will need the following:

• made of material (Quartz primer)
• from tools (Roller, spray guns, compressor, spray gun)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (primer uniformity, primer compliance). Layer thickness – 0.5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

• Prepare the primer composition for work.
• Dust off the plastered surface.
• Apply the primer by hand using a roller or mechanically over the entire surface without gaps in one layer.

Stage 11: Applying decorative plaster

For stage 11 you will need the following:

• made of material (decorative mixture)
• from a tool (stainless steel grater, plastic grater)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no transitions, uniform smoothing, crumbs). Layer thickness – 2.5-3 mm. Drying time is 7 days.

Work at this stage:

• Preparation of mortar mixture. (see paragraph 2).
• Applying plaster.

Stage 11.1: Painting the decorative protective layer

For stage 11.1 you will need the following:

• made of material (Paint)
• from tools (Rollers, painting equipment)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (uniformity of color, homogeneity, joining of sections). Layer thickness – 2 layers no more than 0.5 mm. Drying time: 5 hours.

Work at this stage:

Prepare the paint composition for work.

Apply the paint composition manually with a roller or mechanically, covering the entire primed surface in two coats.

Stage 12: Sealing the seams between the insulation system and the building structure

For stage 12 you will need the following:

• made of material (sealing cord, sealant)
• from tools (spatulas, gun for applying sealant)
• control method (Visual)
• controlled parameters (no cracks, coating thickness)

Work at this stage:

• The gaps between the insulation system and the building structure are filled with a sealing cord along the entire length of the seam and sealed with polyurethane sealant.