Test are you sanguine? Who are you by temperament type: complete characteristics and features by age

Tests::: Who are you - phlegmatic or melancholic?

In addition to the previous two types of temperament, there are two more - phlegmatic and melancholic. If sanguine and choleric people are different high level energetic, active and mobile, their emotional condition It is easy to guess by the face, but with phlegmatic and melancholic people the situation is different. Their main similarity is the weak external manifestation of feelings. For example, you are talking with a person, he is absolutely calm, although not particularly talkative, and after some time you find out that it was on that day that he got married, and to the woman he loved. But there is still a difference between a melancholic person and a phlegmatic person. A melancholic person is very impressionable; he can suffer for two weeks because a neighbor forgot to say hello to him. A phlegmatic person, on the contrary, is very calm, it is almost impossible to knock him out of his usual rut. At the same time, phlegmatic people are slow: it takes them fifteen minutes to tie their shoelaces. If you didn't find yourself in the previous two tests, try this one.

1. You spent the whole day off cleaning, went to take out the trash, and when you returned, you discovered that your child had brought home a street puppy and after their five-minute play, you would have to start all over again. You:
lie down on the sofa and wait - maybe at least once in your life you will be lucky and the end of the world will begin in the next half hour. After it, they say, there will be no time for cleaning.
shrug your shoulders, send them outside to play and start all over again.

2. An acquaintance with whom you have never had a particularly warm relationship offers you a basket of mushrooms that he collected with his own hands. Will you take them:
no, suddenly he wants to poison.
yes, but just in case, go through them carefully, what if he doesn’t understand them very well?

3. Imagine that you have won a lot a large sum to the lottery. You:
You assume that people will envy you, and therefore you start to get nervous and avoid your friends.
buy the essentials so that you have some left over for a rainy day.

4. Let's say your spouse is not assigned to the position you hoped for. You:
You think this is better than being fired and start saving on household expenses.
you worry as if something irreparable had happened - what could be worse than injustice towards the dearest person.

5. You are sick, the doctor has written you a prescription for medicine. You:
Find out from your doctor which medicine is most necessary, be sure to buy it and take it strictly in accordance with the instructions.
buy everything that the doctor prescribed, at the same time find out at the pharmacy if there is anything else for your illness and replenish your home first aid kit reserves of this product - what if it is this that will save you in the future?

6. Do you feel the desire to give up everything and run away somewhere?
Such thoughts come to mind very rarely, besides, all things are planned for a year in advance and you don’t want to disrupt this order at all, since you are used to doing everything on time.
Yes, this happens often, but you think that not only is the statement true that it is good where we are not, but also bad where we are. Therefore, thinking about escape is quite pointless.

7. You have been assigned a very difficult and responsible job. Your knowledge and skills are enough, but you will have to make every effort. Before you have completed even a quarter of the task, you are faced with a difficulty that seems insurmountable to you. You:
ask for more time to complete it. If you try to do everything even more carefully and accurately, everything will definitely work out.
put your hands down immediately. If they want to, let them fire you, but you won’t be able to do that.

8. You are already late for work, stuck in a traffic jam, although you are in the middle of the road.
you will rush with all your might, fighting for every minute, you will try to change kind of transport, if only the delay was less significant.
This happens quite rarely. Usually you plan your path taking into account all the possible troubles that may happen along the way. But since you’re already late, take it philosophically - wait until traffic gets better.

9. You were whileing away the evening at home in the company of yourself, when suddenly the lights went out. After twenty to thirty minutes spent in complete darkness, silence and solitude, you:
yawn and go to bed - it seems that you will never get to do the things planned for the evening, so at least let the time not be wasted.
you will go crazy with fear and anxiety - you have been afraid of the dark since childhood. In addition, the disruption of plans completely unsettles you.

10. Do you check several times to see if it is closed? Entrance door before you go to bed:
no, because you are firmly convinced that you closed it, you never forget to do it.
Yes, it’s just some kind of misfortune - it immediately flies out of your head whether you did it or not.

Target : The questionnaire is intended to study individual psychological personality traits in order to diagnose the degree of expression of properties put forward as essential components of personality: neuroticism, extra-, introversion and psychoticism.

Instructions : You are asked to answer questions regarding your the usual way behavior. Try to imagine typical situations and give the first “natural” answer that comes to your mind. If you agree with the statement, put + (yes) next to its number; if not, put a  (no) sign next to its number. Answer quickly and accurately. Remember that there are no “good” or “bad” answers.

Experimental material : is a questionnaire consisting of 101 questions.

Questionnaire text

Do you have many different hobbies?

Do you think ahead about what you are going to do?

Do you often have ups and downs in your mood?

Have you ever claimed credit for something another person actually did?

Are you a talkative person?

Would you be concerned about getting into debt?

Have you ever felt unhappy for no particular reason?

Have you ever been greedy to get more than your fair share?

Do you carefully lock your door at night?

Do you consider yourself a cheerful person?

Would you be very upset if you saw a child or an animal suffer?

Do you often worry that you have done or said something that you should not have done or said?

Do you always keep your promises, even if it is very inconvenient for you personally?

Would you enjoy skydiving?

Are you able to give free rein to your feelings and have a lot of fun in a noisy company?

Are you irritable?

Have you ever blamed someone for something that you were actually guilty of?

Do you like meeting new people?

Do you believe in the benefits of insurance?

Are you easily offended?

Are all your habits good and desirable?

Do you try to keep a low profile when out in public?

Would you take drugs that could put you in an unusual or dangerous state (alcohol, drugs)?

Do you often experience such a state when you are tired of everything?

Have you ever taken things that belonged to another person, even something as small as a pin or button?

Do you like to visit someone often and be social?

You enjoy hurting those you love.

Are you often bothered by feelings of guilt?

Have you ever had to talk about something you're not good at?

Do you usually prefer books to meeting people?

Do you have any obvious enemies?

Would you call yourself a nervous person?

Do you always apologize when you are rude to someone else?

Do you have many friends?

Do you like to pull pranks and pranks that can sometimes really hurt people?

Are you a restless person?

As a child, did you always do what you were ordered without complaint and immediately?

Do you consider yourself a carefree person?

How much do good manners and cleanliness mean to you?

Are you worried about any terrible events that could have happened but didn't?

Have you ever broken or lost someone else's thing?

Are you usually the first to take the initiative when meeting people?

Can you easily understand a person's condition if he shares his worries with you?

Are your nerves often strained to the limit?

Will you throw unnecessary paper on the floor if you don't have a basket at hand?

Are you more silent when around other people?

Do you think marriage is old-fashioned and should be abolished?

Do you sometimes feel sorry for yourself?

Do you sometimes brag a lot?

Can you easily bring some life into a rather boring company?

Do careful drivers annoy you?

Are you worried about your health?

Have you ever spoken badly about another person?

Do you like to tell jokes and anecdotes to your friends?

For you the majority food products do they taste the same?

Do you sometimes have a bad mood?

Have you ever been rude to your parents as a child?

Do you like communicating with people?

Do you worry if you find out that you made mistakes in your work?

Do you suffer from insomnia?

Do you always wash your hands before eating?

Are you one of those people who don't mince words? 63. You prefer to arrive a little earlier to a meeting.

at the appointed time?

Do you feel lethargic, tired for no reason?

Do you like work that requires fast action?

Do you love to talk so much that you don't miss any opportunity to talk to someone new?

Is your mother a good person (was a good person)?

Do you often feel like life is terribly boring?

Have you ever taken advantage of another person's mistake to your advantage?

Do you often take on more than your time allows?

Are there people who try to avoid you?

Are you very concerned about your appearance?

Are you always polite, even with unpleasant people?

Do you think people spend too much time securing their future by saving, insuring themselves and their lives?

Have you ever had a desire to die?

Would you try to avoid paying taxes on extra earnings if you were sure you would never be caught doing so?

The soul of the company - is it about you?

Do you try not to be rude to people?

Do you worry for a long time after the embarrassment that happened?

Have you ever insisted on having it your way?

Do you often arrive at the station at the last minute before the train leaves?

Have you ever intentionally said something unpleasant or offensive to someone?

Are your nerves bothering you?

Do you find it unpleasant to be around people who make fun of your comrades?

Do you easily lose friends due to your own fault?

Do you often feel lonely?

Do your words always match your deeds?

Do you sometimes like to tease animals?

Are you easily offended by comments about you personally and your work?

Would life without any danger seem too boring to you?

Have you ever been late for a date or work?

Do you like the bustle and excitement around you?

Do you want people to be afraid of you?

Is it true that sometimes you are full of energy and everything is burning in your hands, and sometimes you are completely lethargic?

Do you sometimes put off until tomorrow what you should do today?

Are you considered a lively and cheerful person?

Do they often tell you lies?

Are you very sensitive to certain phenomena, events, things?

Are you always ready to admit your mistakes?

Have you ever felt sorry for an animal that got caught in a trap?

Was it difficult for you to fill out the form?

Results: When answering questions, fill out the appropriate form.

Processing the results : The results are processed in accordance with the key. For an answer that corresponds to the key, 1 point is assigned, for an answer that does not correspond to the key - 0 points. The points received are summed up.

Key

Psychoticism scale:

answers “no” (-): No. 2, 6, 9, 11, 19, 39, 43, 59, 63, 67, 78, 100;

answers “yes” (+): No. 14, 23, 27, 31, 35, 47, 51, 53.

Extraversion - Introversion Scale:

answers “no” (-): No. 22, 30, 46, 84;

answers “yes” (+): No. 1, 3, 10, 15, 18, 26, 34, 38, 42, 50.

Neuroticism scale:

answers “yes” (+): No. 3, 7, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 75, 79, 83, 86 , 89, 94, 98.

Sincerity scale:

answers “no” (-): No. 4, 8, 17, 25, 29, 41, 43, 49, 65, 69, 76, 80, 82, 91, 93;

answers “yes” (+): No. 13, 21, 33, 37, 61, 73, 87, 99.

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Analysis of results and conclusions: The technique contains 4 scales: extraversion - introversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and a specific scale designed to assess the sincerity of the subject and his attitude towards the examination.

Eysenck considered personality structure as consisting of three factors.

1. Extraversion –introversion. Characterizing a typical extrovert, the author notes his sociability and outward orientation of the individual, a wide circle of acquaintances, and the need for contacts. He acts under the influence of the moment, is impulsive, quick-tempered, carefree, optimistic, good-natured, and cheerful. Prefers movement and action, tends to be aggressive. Feelings and emotions are not strictly controlled, and he is prone to risky actions. You can't always rely on him.

A typical introvert is a quiet, shy, introjective person who is prone to introspection. Reserved and distant from everyone except close friends. Plans and thinks about his actions in advance, does not trust sudden impulses, takes decisions seriously, loves order in everything. He controls his feelings and is not easily angered. He is pessimistic and highly values ​​moral standards.

2. Neuroticism. Characterizes emotional stability or instability (emotional stability or instability). Neuroticism, according to some data, is associated with indicators of lability nervous system. Emotional stability is a trait that expresses the preservation of organized behavior and situational focus in normal and stressful situations. Characterized by maturity, excellent adaptation, lack of great tension, anxiety, as well as a tendency to leadership and sociability. Neuroticism is expressed in extreme nervousness, instability, poor adaptation, a tendency to quickly change moods (lability), feelings of guilt and anxiety, preoccupation, depressive reactions, absent-mindedness, instability in stressful situations. Neuroticism corresponds to emotionality and impulsiveness; unevenness in contacts with people, variability of interests, self-doubt, pronounced sensitivity, impressionability, tendency to irritability. A neurotic personality is characterized by inappropriately strong reactions in relation to the stimuli that cause them. Streets with high scores on the neuroticism scale may develop neurosis in unfavorable stressful situations.

3. Psychoticism. This scale indicates a tendency to antisocial behavior, pretentiousness, inappropriate emotional reactions, high levels of conflict, lack of contact, self-centeredness, selfishness, and indifference. According to Eysenck, high scores on extraversion and neuroticism correspond to a psychiatric diagnosis of hysteria, and high scores on introversion and neuroticism correspond to a state of anxiety or reactive depression. Neuroticism and psychoticism, in the case of the severity of these indicators, are understood as a “predisposition” to the corresponding types of pathology.

High scores on the extraversion-introversion scale correspond to an extroverted type, low scores correspond to an introverted type.

Average scores on the extra- and introversion scale: 7-15 points.

Average scores on the neuroticism scale: 8-16 points.

Average values ​​on the psychoticism scale: 5-12 points.

If the number of points on the sincerity scale exceeds 10, then the survey results are considered unreliable and the subject should answer the questions more frankly. Drawing on data from the physiology of higher nervous activity, Eysenck hypothesizes that strong and weak types, according to Pavlov, are very close to extroverted and introverted personality types. The nature of intro- and extraversion is seen in the innate properties of the central nervous system, which ensure the balance of the processes of excitation and inhibition. Thus, using survey data on the scales of extra-, introversion and neuroticism, it is possible to derive indicators of personality temperament according to the classification of Pavlov, who described four classic type: sanguine (according to the basic properties of the central nervous system, characterized as strong, balanced, mobile), choleric (strong, unbalanced, mobile), phlegmatic (strong, balanced, inert), melancholic (weak, unbalanced, inert). On the graph you can see how the types of temperament correlate with the scales of the questionnaire. There is also a brief description of each type of temperament. As a rule, we should talk about the predominance of certain temperamental traits, since in life they are rarely found in their pure form.

"Clean" sanguine quickly adapts to new conditions, quickly gets along with people, and is sociable. Feelings arise and change easily, emotional experiences are usually shallow. Facial expressions are rich, mobile, expressive. He is somewhat restless, needs new impressions, does not regulate his impulses sufficiently, and does not know how to strictly adhere to the established routine of life or work system. In this regard, he cannot successfully carry out work that requires an equal expenditure of effort, prolonged and methodical tension, perseverance, stability of attention, and patience. In the absence of serious goals, deep thoughts, and creative activity, superficiality and inconstancy are developed.

Choleric characterized by increased excitability, actions are intermittent. He is characterized by sharpness and swiftness of movements, strength, impulsiveness, and vivid expression of emotional experiences. Due to imbalance, carried away by a task, he tends to act with all his might and become more exhausted than he should. Having public interests, his temperament shows initiative, energy, and integrity. In the absence of spiritual life, choleric temperament often manifests itself in irritability, efficiency, lack of restraint, hot temper, and inability to self-control under emotional circumstances.

Phlegmatic person characterized comparatively low level activity of behavior, new forms of which are developed slowly, but are persistent. Possesses slowness and calmness in actions, facial expressions and speech, evenness, constancy, depth of feelings and moods. A persistent and persistent “worker of life”, he rarely loses his temper, is not prone to emotions, having calculated his strength, gets things done to the end, is even in relationships, moderately sociable, and does not like to chat in vain. Saves energy and doesn’t waste it. Depending on the conditions, in some cases a phlegmatic person may be characterized by “positive” traits - endurance, depth of thoughts, constancy, thoroughness, etc., in others - lethargy, indifference to the environment, laziness and lack of will, poverty and weakness of emotions, a tendency to perform just habitual actions.

Melancholic. His reaction often does not correspond to the strength of the stimulus; there is depth and stability of feelings with weak expression. It is difficult for him to concentrate on something for a long time. Strong influences often cause a prolonged inhibitory reaction in a melancholic person (give up). He is characterized by restraint and subdued motor skills and speech, shyness, timidity, indecisiveness; under normal conditions, a melancholic person is a deep, meaningful person, he can be a good worker and successfully cope with life’s tasks. Under unfavorable conditions, he can turn into a closed, fearful, anxious, vulnerable person, prone to difficult internal experiences of life circumstances that do not deserve it at all.

How often when communicating with people we are struck by the difference between us. Perception, speed of decision-making, or even just speed of movement are completely different. Sometimes such a difference touches, sometimes it irritates, and now we say in our hearts that we are completely different in temperament. But what does this really mean and is it possible to change your temperament to the ideal? We propose to understand the types of human temperaments and determine their pros and cons, and also, if you wish, take a test and find out what kind of temperament you have.

Temperament - what is it?

What is temperament? Temperament refers to the innate characteristics of a person that determine the dynamics of his mental processes. It is temperament that determines a person’s reactions to external circumstances. It largely shapes a person’s character, his individuality and is a kind of connecting link between the body and cognitive processes. There are four simple type temperament: sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic.

The term “temperament” itself was introduced by the ancient physician Claudius Galen and comes from Latin word"temperans" means moderate. The word temperament itself can be translated as “the proper ratio of parts.” Hippocrates believed that the type of temperament is determined by the predominance of one of the fluids in the body. If blood predominates in the body, then the person will be mobile, that is, have a sanguine temperament, yellow bile will make the person impulsive and hot - choleric, black bile - sad and fearful, that is, melancholic, and the predominance of lymph will give the person calm and slowness, making him phlegmatic. It should only be noted that temperaments are very rare in their pure form; usually in every person they are present in different proportions. You should also not equate character and temperament. The latter only characterizes the type of nervous system, its properties, and is associated with the structure of the body and even metabolism. But it is in no way connected with the individual’s views, beliefs, tastes and does not determine the individual’s capabilities.

Brief characteristics of temperaments

People of this type easily adapt to new surroundings and quickly respond to what attracts their attention. They control their emotions well and willingly take on new things. Representatives of this type of temperament are subject to frequent mood changes, but their characteristic state is a state of cheerfulness.

Is it possible to determine that a particular person is sanguine? Yes, there are traits inherent only to them, by which you can always distinguish sanguine people from the society around you. As a rule, people with this type of temperament have a smooth and confident gait, their movements are light and fast. Sanguine people are easily distinguished by their good posture and expressive gestures. Facial expressions and gestures are rich and natural, and speech is loud and clear.

One of the disadvantages of the sanguine temperament is that people of this type are quickly distracted from business or emotions if external stimuli for a long time don't change. As soon as the novelty of sensations wears off, sanguine people become lethargic and indifferent.

If your colleague or subordinate is sanguine, then remember that his decisions are often rash. His activities are most effective when he is busy with new interesting projects keeping him in suspense. Do not forget that the duality of this temperament requires control over the progress of work.

Cholerics are easily excitable and unbalanced; it is difficult to switch their attention. They are very mobile, even to the point of excessiveness, their feelings are strong and manifest themselves vividly. They take on new tasks with great ardor and devote themselves completely to them, but at the same time, an inadequate assessment of their strengths leads to a sharp decline in activity. The disadvantages of this type of temperament lie precisely in imbalance, which causes outbursts of harshness, irritability, and exhaustion of strength.

Cholerics also have characteristic features: people of this type have hasty, often confused speech, bright and expressive facial expressions. Choleric people find it difficult to sit in one place, they often jump up or change positions, and gesticulate a lot and sharply. There is something defiant in their uneven gait.

They are passive, unstable, easily vulnerable and react little to external influences. Most often, melancholic people are self-absorbed; they prefer a calm, familiar environment. The undoubted advantages of this type of temperament are the depth and constancy of their feelings.

People of this type of temperament have a restrained, although fast, gait. They are immersed in their thoughts, so they may become thoughtful and slow down. Their gestures are stingy, but sharp due to the awkwardness they experience in society strangers. Speech is slow, often hesitating, and its speed is uneven.

Please note that if you are able to organize a calm time for your melancholic employee workplace, then its performance will amaze you. With support and a measured rhythm of work, they are capable of working miracles, but will painfully experience any difficult psychological situation. Sensitive melancholic people are very receptive and observant, which makes them indispensable in working with staff.

Such people are persistent and stubborn, they walk smoothly and calmly. life path. These are reliable people who are difficult to piss off. They are stingy with emotions, detailed to the point of being boring, and reliable like no one else. The disadvantages are that phlegmatic people react very poorly to external stimuli, are slow to change their minds, get along with people, and are not resourceful.

Phlegmatic people move heavily and deliberately, their gait is often lazy and unhurried. While sitting, they can maintain the same position for a long time. Gesticulation and facial expressions are stingy; it is impossible to read anything from their face. Speech is leisurely, they are taciturn, and do not like idle chatter.

IN difficult situations Your most reliable employee will be a phlegmatic person. A person of this type will not argue; in any discussion, he will limit himself to summing up the results, and will skillfully take into account the opinions of each side. These are reliable and efficient workers who do not need to be controlled. But under no circumstances should you entrust a person of this type of temperament with work that requires initiative.

How to determine your temperament?

As mentioned above, pure temperaments are very rare. There are not only mixed types of temperaments, but also intermediate, transitional ones. Many methods and tests have been developed to determine the type of temperament.

Below is a test that will allow you to determine the percentage of each type of temperament in your temperament structure and identify your main type.

Put a plus if you agree with the statement and a minus if you don’t. So,

1. You are restless.
2. Hot-tempered and impulsive.
3. Most often they are impatient.
4. Initiative and decisive.
5. Tenacious, even stubborn.
6. You quickly navigate disputes and are resourceful.
7. The rhythm of your activity is uneven and spasmodic.
8. Love to take risks.
9. You forgive offenses easily.
10. Your speech is fast and passionate.
11. You often suffer from your imbalance.
12. Don't tolerate shortcomings.
13. You are attracted to everything new.
14. Your mood changes frequently.
15. You are a cheerful and cheerful person.
16. Energy is in full swing, you are always collected.
17. You often abandon what you started halfway.
18. You don’t always adequately assess your strengths.
19. Your interests and hobbies change frequently.
20. You easily get used to changed plans and new circumstances.
21. It is not difficult for you to be distracted from your own affairs; you quickly deal with someone else’s problem.
22. Careful attention to detail and painstaking work are not for you.
23. You are responsive and love communication.
24. Your speech is clear and loud.
25. You do not panic even in difficult situations, you have excellent self-control.
26. You fall asleep easily and wake up quickly.
27. It is difficult for you to concentrate and make an informed decision.
28. You are distracted and inattentive.
29. You are a reserved and cold-blooded person.
30. You are consistent in your words and deeds.
31. You are careful and reasonable.
32. You are self-possessed and know how to wait.
33. Taciturn, do not like empty chatter.
34. Your speech is measured and calm.
35. You distribute your strength wisely and never give your all.
36. You have a clear daily routine, you plan your work activities.
37. You calmly accept criticism and are indifferent to reproach.
38. It is difficult for you to immediately switch to another activity.
39. You have smooth, good relationships with other people.
40. Neat, pedantic in detail.
41. It is difficult for you to adapt to a new environment and changed plans.
42. You don't like to move a lot and are slow.
43. You are a shy person.
44. The new environment makes you confused.
45. You are unsure of yourself. in your own strength.
46. Loneliness does not bother you.
47. Failures and troubles unsettle you for a long time.
48. During difficult periods in life, you withdraw into yourself.
49. You are not very resilient and get tired quickly.
50. Your speech is quiet, sometimes slurred.
51. You automatically adopt the character traits of your interlocutor and his manner of speaking.
52. Sentimental and impressionable.
53. You are a perfectionist, you have high demands on yourself and the world around you.
54. You are characterized by some suspiciousness and suspicion.
55. You are easily offended.
56. You are pleased when others empathize with you.

Now let's look at the test results. The test has 4 groups of questions, each group contains 14 statements. The first 14 (from the first to the fourteenth statement) describe the choleric temperament. The second group, from the 15th to the 28th statement, describes a sanguine person. The third group, from 29 to 42 – phlegmatic type of temperament. And the last group, from 43 to 56, the statement describes the melancholic temperament.

If in any of the groups you received more than 10 pluses, then this type of temperament is dominant for you. If the number of pluses is 5-9, then these traits are expressed to a significant extent in you. And if there are less than 4 positive answers, then the traits of this type of temperament are weakly expressed.

As you have seen, there is no clear ideal among temperament types. And it cannot be changed, because... This is not a character trait, but just a feature of the body’s reactions. But, having learned more about each type of temperament, having determined what type of temperament you have, it will be easier for you to build your relationships with people. We can only hope that now your colleagues and loved ones will become clearer to you.