Air heating of production premises using air ducts. Types of autonomous heating of industrial premises
| Prices for fan heaters | |
|---|---|
| TVEU-0.1 (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control room) | RUB 321,300 |
| TVEU-0.1k (Firebox, heat exchanger, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control unit) | RUB 321,300 |
| TVEU-0.2t (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control room) | RUB 552,700 |
| TVEU-0.2s (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control room) | RUB 514,100 |
| TVEU-0.2k (Firebox, heat exchanger, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control unit) | RUB 552,700 |
| TVEU-0.4m (Included with a hopper, circulation fan and smoke exhauster) | RUB 1,240,200 |
| TVEU-0.4s (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control room) | RUB 1,028,300 |
| TVEU-0.4 (Firebox, heat exchanger, bunker, smoke exhauster, blower fan, control room) | RUB 1,028,300 |
| TVEU-1.2 (Included with a bunker, blower and circulation fans, smoke exhauster) | RUB 1,928,300 |
Heating industrial premises is a labor-intensive task that requires competent design of the heating system and calculation of optimal capacities.
As a rule, in workshops and other industrial premises, one of three types of heating is most often used:
- Centralized. Traditional method, water is used as a coolant.
- Infrared. Heating technology using infrared rays.
- Air. A modern method, optimal for most industrial premises.
More and more entrepreneurs are choosing an air heating system for a warehouse or workshop, as it has a number of obvious advantages.
6 reasons to choose air heating
- Air system heating can perform the function of ventilation, which makes it economical.
- The air heating system has an efficiency of up to 93%.
- The absence of an intermediate coolant allows you to quickly and efficiently warm up the air in a heated room.
- No installation of radiators, heaters, laying or installation of pipelines is required.
- When heating industrial premises with air, the fan heater can operate only during those periods when there is a need for heating (there is no need for round-the-clock and daily operation).
- The cost of heat obtained from a solid fuel fan heater is several times lower than the cost of heat from a hot water boiler house.
Operating principle and scope of application
The air is heated in the heat exchanger through a metal wall, without direct contact with flue gases. Maximum temperature heated air can reach 200 C. The specifics of the process make it possible to use fan heaters in various industries:
- drying lumber, sawdust, wood chips, firewood;
- steaming of concrete;
- drying sand and others building materials;
- drying of products Agriculture(grain, rice, seeds, vegetables, fruits, etc.);
- heating of the soil during construction;
- workshops where there is a need to quickly and inexpensively obtain a large number of hot air (emergency, repair, construction work).
The air heating system for industrial premises, warehouses and workshops is an economical and highly efficient equipment that will minimize the cost of finance and time for startup and further maintenance. Contact our managers for advice or to leave a request.
2.3. Heating of industrial premises. (Local, central; specific heating characteristics)
Heating is designed to maintain normal air temperature in production premises during the cold season. In addition, it contributes to better preservation of buildings and equipment, since it simultaneously allows you to regulate air humidity. For this purpose, various heating systems are constructed.
During the cold and transitional periods of the year, all buildings and structures in which people stay for more than 2 hours, as well as rooms in which temperature maintenance is necessary due to technological conditions, should be heated.
The following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed on heating systems: uniform heating of the air in the rooms; the ability to regulate the amount of heat generated and combine heating and ventilation processes; absence of indoor air pollution with harmful emissions and unpleasant odors; fire and explosion safety; ease of operation and repair.
Heating of industrial premises within the radius of action can be local or central.
Local heating is installed in one or more adjacent rooms with an area of less than 500 m2. In such heating systems, the heat generator, heating devices and heat-releasing surfaces are structurally combined in one device. The air in these systems is most often heated by using the heat of fuel burned in stoves (wood, coal, peat, etc.). Much less often, floors or wall panels with built-in electric heating elements, and sometimes electric radiators, are used as unique heating devices. There are also air (the main element is the heater) and gas (when gas is burned in heating devices) local heating systems.
Depending on the type of coolant used, central heating can be water, steam, air or combined. Central heating systems include a heat generator, heating devices, coolant transfer media (pipelines) and operating equipment (shut-off valves, safety valves, pressure gauges, etc.). As a rule, in such systems heat is generated outside the heated premises.
Heating systems must compensate for heat loss through building fences, heat consumption for heating injected cold air, raw materials, machinery, equipment coming from outside and for technological needs.
In the absence of accurate data on building materials, fences, the thickness of layers of materials of enclosing structures and, as a result, the impossibility of determining the thermal resistance of walls, ceilings, floors, windows and other elements, heat consumption is approximately determined using specific characteristics.
Heat consumption through the external enclosures of buildings, kW
Where 
- specific heating characteristic of a building, which is the heat flow lost by 1 m 3 of the volume of the building according to external dimensions per unit of time with a temperature difference between the internal and external air of 1 K, W/(m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
=0.105...0.7 W/(m 3 ∙K); V H - volume of the building without the basement according to external measurements, m 3; T B - average design temperature of the internal air of the main premises of the building, K; T N – calculated winter temperature outdoor air for the design of heating systems, K: for Volgograd 248 K, Kirov 242 K, Moscow 247 K, St. Petersburg 249 K, Ulyanovsk 244 K, Chelyabinsk 241K.
Heat consumption for ventilation of industrial buildings, kW
Where 
- specific ventilation characteristic, i.e. heat consumption for ventilation of 1 m 3 of a building with a difference in internal and external temperatures of 1 K, W/(m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
=0.17...1.396 W/(m 3 ∙K); 
- the calculated value of the outside air temperature for the design of ventilation systems, K: for Volgograd 259 K, Vyatka 254 K, Moscow 258 K, St. Petersburg 261 K, Ulyanovsk 255 K, Chelyabinsk 252 K.
The amount of heat absorbed by materials, machinery and equipment imported into the premises, kW
,
Where 
- mass heat capacity of materials or equipment, kJ/(kg∙K): for water 4.19, grain 2.1...2.5, iron 0.48, brick 0.92, straw 2.3; 
- mass of raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, kg; 
- temperature of materials, raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, K: for metals 
=
, for non-bulk materials 
=
+10, bulk materials 
=
+20;
- time for heating materials, machines or equipment to room temperature, hours.
The amount of heat consumed for technological needs, kW, is determined through the consumption of hot water or steam
,
Where 
-consumption for technological needs of water or steam, kg/h: for repair shops 100...120, per cow 0.625, per calf 0.083, etc.; 
- heat content of water or steam at the boiler outlet, kJ/kg; 
- condensate or hot water return coefficient, varying within 0...0.7: in calculations it is usually taken 
=0,7;
- heat content of condensate or water returned to the boiler, kJ/kg: in calculations can be taken equal to 270…295 kJ/kg.
The thermal power of the boiler installation P k, taking into account the heat consumption for the boiler house’s own needs and losses in heating networks, is assumed to be 10...15% more than the total heat consumption
Based on the obtained value of Pk, we select the type and brand of the boiler. It is recommended to install boiler units of the same type with the same thermal output. Number steel units there should be at least two and no more than four, cast iron - no more than six. It should be taken into account that if one boiler fails, the remaining ones must provide at least 75-80% of the calculated thermal power of the boiler installation.
For direct heating of premises, heating devices of various types and designs are used: radiators, cast-iron finned pipes, convectors, etc.
The total surface area of heating devices, m2, is determined by the formula
,
Where 
- heat transfer coefficient of the walls of heating devices, W/(m 2 ∙K): for cast iron 7.4, for steel 8.3; 
- temperature of water or steam at the inlet to the heating device, K; for low pressure water radiators 338…348, high pressure 393…398; for steam radiators 383…388; 
-water temperature at the outlet of the heating device, K: for low-pressure water radiators 338…348, for high-pressure steam and water radiators 368.
Using the known value of F, the required number of sections of heating devices is found
,
Where 
- area of one section of the heating device, m 2, depending on its type: 0.254 for M-140 radiators; 0.299 for M-140-AO; 0.64 for M3-500-1; 0.73 for a plinth-type convector 15KP-1; 1 for a cast iron finned pipe with a diameter of 500 mm.
Uninterrupted operation of boilers is only possible if there is a sufficient supply of fuel for them. In addition, knowing the required amount of alternative fuel materials, it is possible to determine the optimal type of fuel using economic indicators.
The fuel requirement, kg, for the heating season of the year can be approximately calculated using the formula
,
Where 
=1.1…1.2 - safety factor for unaccounted heat losses; 
- annual consumption of equivalent fuel to increase the temperature of 1 m 3 of air in a heated building by 1 K, kg/(m 3 ∙K): 0.32 for a building with 
m 3; 0.245 at 
; 0.215 at 0.2 at 
>10000 m3.
Conventional fuel is considered to be fuel whose calorific value of 1 kg is 29.3 MJ, or 7000 kcal. To convert standard fuel into natural fuel, correction factors are used: for anthracite 0.97, brown coal 2.33, average quality firewood 5.32, fuel oil 0.7, peat 2.6.
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During the cold season, autonomous heating of the production premises provides the company’s employees with comfortable working conditions. Normalization temperature regime It also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machines and equipment. Heating systems, although they have the same task, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers for heating industrial premises, while in others compact heaters are used. Let's consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of using various systems.
Requirements for heating industrial premises
At low temperatures Heating of production premises, as required by labor protection, must be carried out in cases where the time workers stay there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which permanent presence of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, structures are not heated, being inside of which is equivalent to carrying out work outside the building. However, even here it is necessary to provide for the presence special devices for heating workers.
Occupational safety imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements for heating industrial premises:
- heating indoor air to a comfortable temperature;
- the ability to regulate the temperature due to the amount of heat generated;
- inadmissibility of air pollution with harmful gases and unpleasant odors (especially for stove heating production premises);
- the desirability of combining the heating process with ventilation;
- ensuring fire and explosion safety;
- reliability heating system during operation and ease of repair.
Heating calculation
To carry out a thermal calculation, before planning any industrial heating, you need to use the standard method.
Qt (kW/hour) =V*∆T *K/860
The heat loss coefficient, which is included in the calculation of the heating system for industrial premises, varies depending on the type of building and the level of its thermal insulation. The less thermal insulation, the higher the coefficient value.
Steam heating of industrial buildings
Heating the production premises using steam allows you to maintain a high temperature of the environment (up to 100 degrees). When organizing the heating process, you do not need to take into account the number of floors. You can bring the temperature to the required value in short time. This applies to both heating and cooling. All equipment, including communications, does not take up much space.
The steam heating method is optimal if the production premises need to be heated or reduced in temperature periodically. The method is more effective than the water method.
The following disadvantages are identified:
- there is a lot of noise during operation;
- it is difficult to regulate steam flow;
- The steam method is not recommended for use in rooms with aerosols, flammable gases, or heavy dust.
Water heating of industrial facilities
Water heating is appropriate if you have your own boiler room nearby or if there is a central water supply. The main component in this case will be an industrial heating boiler, which can run on gas, electricity or solid fuel.
Water will be supplied under high pressure and temperature. Usually, it cannot be used to efficiently heat large workshops, which is why the method is called “on-duty”. But there are a number of advantages:
- air circulates calmly throughout the room;
- heat spreads evenly;
- a person can work actively in conditions with water heating, it is absolutely safe.
The heated air enters the room where it mixes with environment and the temperature is balanced. Sometimes you need to reduce energy costs. To do this, using filters, the air is purified and reused for heating industrial buildings.
Air heating
Most enterprises during their existence Soviet Union used a convection heating system for industrial buildings. The difficulty in using this method is that warm air, according to the laws of physics, rises, while the part of the room located near the floor remains less heated.
Today, more efficient heating is provided by an air heating system for industrial premises.
Operating principle
Hot air, which is preheated in the heat generator through air ducts, is transferred to the heated part of the building. Distribution heads are used to distribute thermal energy throughout the space. In some cases, fans are installed, which can be replaced by portable equipment, including a heat gun.
Advantages
It is worth noting that such heating can be combined with various supply systems ventilation and air conditioning. This is what makes it possible to heat huge complexes, something that could not be achieved before.
This method is widely used in heating warehouse complexes, as well as indoor sports facilities. In addition, this method in most cases is the only possible one, since it has the highest level of fire safety.
Flaws
Naturally, there were some negative properties. For example, installing air heating will cost the owners of an enterprise a pretty penny.
Not only do the fans necessary for normal operation cost quite a lot, but they also consume huge amounts of electricity, since their productivity reaches about several thousand cubic meters per hour.
Infrared heating
Not every company is ready to spend a lot of money on an air heating system, so many prefer to use another method. Infrared industrial heating is becoming increasingly popular every day.
Principle of operation
An infrared burner operates on the principle of flameless combustion of air located on the porous part of the ceramic surface. The ceramic surface is distinguished by the fact that it is capable of emitting a whole spectrum of waves that are concentrated in the infrared region.
The peculiarity of these waves is their high degree permeability, that is, they can freely pass through air currents in order to transfer their energy to a certain place. The stream of infrared radiation is directed to a predetermined area through various reflectors.
Therefore, heating industrial premises using such a burner makes it possible to provide maximum comfort. In addition, this heating method makes it possible to heat both individual work areas and entire buildings.
Main advantages
On this moment It is the use of infrared heaters that is considered the most modern and progressive method of heating industrial buildings due to the following positive characteristics:
- quick heating of the room;
- low energy intensity;
- high efficiency;
- compact equipment and easy installation.
By performing the correct calculation, you can install a powerful, economical and independent heating system for your enterprise that does not require constant maintenance.
Scope of application
It is worth noting that such equipment is used, among other things, for heating poultry houses, greenhouses, cafe terraces, auditoriums, shopping and sports halls, as well as various bitumen coatings for technological purposes.
The full effect of using an infrared burner can be felt in those rooms that have large volumes of cold air. The compactness and mobility of such equipment makes it possible to maintain the temperature at a certain level depending on the technological need and time of day.
Safety
Many people are concerned about the issue of safety, since they associate the word “radiation” with radiation and harmful effects on human health. In fact, the operation of infrared heaters is completely safe for both humans and equipment located in the room.
SNiP standards for heating industrial premises
Before you start designing a particular system, you need to study following rules and carry them out. It is imperative to take into account heat loss, because not only the air in the room heats up, but also equipment and objects. The maximum temperature of the coolant (water, steam) is 90 degrees, and the pressure is 1 MPa.
Severe competition between manufacturers of one type of product or another forces owners of industrial facilities to reduce the cost of products by maintaining an optimal level of costs for the production process and organizing product sales.
The problem of choosing the most economical option Heating production areas plays an important role in the issue of cost reduction.
Air heating of warehouses, production and household premises is one of the most effective and cost-effective options for installing a heating system, allowing you to maintain the required temperature throughout the entire operating cycle.
In this article we will look at the features of the design, installation and operation of air heating for industrial premises of various profiles (warehouse, workshop, etc.).
When heating large areas, you need to use more powerful equipment.
Air heating is a heat generator or water heater that heats the air, and a system of branched air ducts designed to transport air flows to heated areas of a workshop or warehouse.
Inside production premises, heated air is distributed due to the operation of fans or distribution heads that direct air flows in the required direction.
Industrial air heating can be presented in the form of a mobile option for heating local areas of the workshop - portable heat guns that successfully perform the task of quickly heating certain areas.
Air recirculation additionally solves the issues of compliance of air parameters in the serviced or working area of production premises with sanitary and hygienic requirements and standards.
Advantages and disadvantages
Air heating of industrial and warehouse premises has a number of competitive advantages before other heating system design diagrams:
- High value Efficiency (up to 93%), absence of intermediate links (pipes, radiators, etc.).
- Maintaining a constant level of microclimate inside production premises due to the possibility of integrating climate and heating systems.
- Low inertia, allowing the premises to be heated to the required level in a short period of time.
- Significant financial savings and reduction in production costs.
Obvious advantages may be slightly overshadowed by some disadvantages:
- The need for regular maintenance, the complexity of modernization.
- The need to equip with a backup power supply.
To install an air heating system for a workshop and other production premises, you must adhere to the following sequence of actions:
- Development of a design solution.
- Heating system installation.
- Carrying out commissioning and testing of air and automation systems.
- Acceptance for operation.
- Exploitation.
Below we will consider each stage in more detail.
Air heating system design
Correct location heat sources around the perimeter will allow the rooms to be heated in the same volume. Click to enlarge.
Air heating of a workshop or warehouse must be installed in strict accordance with a previously developed design solution.
You should not carry out all the necessary calculations and select equipment yourself, since errors in design and installation can lead to malfunctions and the appearance of various defects: increased noise levels, imbalance of air supply to rooms, temperature imbalance.
The development of a design solution should be entrusted to a specialized organization, which, based on the information provided by the customer technical specifications(or terms of reference) will deal with the following technical problems and issues:
- Determination of heat losses in each room.
- Determination and selection of an air heater of the required power, taking into account the amount of heat loss.
- Calculation of the amount of heated air taking into account the power of the air heater.
- Aerodynamic calculation of the system, performed to determine the pressure loss and diameter of the air channels.
After finishing design work you should start purchasing equipment, taking into account its functionality, quality, range of operating parameters and cost.
Installation of an air heating system
Work on installing a workshop air heating system can be done independently (by specialists and company employees) or you can resort to the services of a specialized organization.
At self-installation the system must take into account some specific features.
Before starting installation, it would be a good idea to make sure that the necessary equipment and materials are complete.
Air heating system layout diagram. Click to enlarge.
At specialized enterprises producing ventilation equipment, you can order air ducts, tie-ins, butterfly valves and other standard products used in the installation of air heating systems for industrial premises.
Additionally you will need following materials: self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, flexible insulated air ducts with noise reduction function.
When installing air heating, it is necessary to provide insulation ( thermal insulation) supply air ducts.
This measure is intended to eliminate the possibility of condensation formation. When installing main air ducts, galvanized steel is used, on top of which foil self-adhesive insulation with a thickness of 3 mm to 5 mm is glued.
Choice of hard or flexible air ducts or their combination depends on the type of air heater determined by the design solution. The air ducts are connected to each other using reinforced aluminum tape, metal or plastic clamps.
General principle Installation of air heating boils down to the following sequence of actions:
- Carrying out general construction preparatory work.
- Installation of the main air duct.
- Installation of exhaust air ducts (distribution).
- Air heater installation.
- Thermal insulation device for supply air ducts.
- Installation additional equipment(if necessary) and individual elements: recuperators, grilles, etc.
Carrying out commissioning tests, acceptance of air heating into operation
Air heating of an industrial warehouse or production workshop necessarily includes automatic control and protection systems.
Carrying out commissioning tests of automation is integral part comprehensive testing of newly installed equipment and its acceptance into operation (in the case when a third-party specialized organization was involved in the installation).
It is best to entrust the work of carrying out commissioning tests on air and triggering automation to a specialized organization (if your company does not have specialists in this profile on staff).
The reliability and efficiency of the entire air heating system of industrial premises will depend on the quality of commissioning tests.
Operating an air heating system
Air heating of a warehouse or production workshop is modern system heating supply, the efficiency and performance of which depends on a set of measures for its timely maintenance in preparation for the heating season.
During operation, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of the manufacturers of the installed equipment and the requirements of regulatory legal acts.
ultra-term.ru
Air heating systems for industrial premises: pros and cons
Traditional water heating widely used for residential and administrative buildings. But when it comes to heat supply to buildings large area(production workshops, warehouses, hangars, agro-industrial facilities, etc.), more economical and effective solutions– such as air heating systems.
When traditions don't warm you up
Air heating diagram, fig. 1
First of all, it’s worth understanding why it’s so common for small residential and office premises water heating systems are not suitable for workshops, warehouses or hangars.
Air heating system diagram, fig. 2
The fact is that rooms in apartments and private houses, as well as offices, most often have a ceiling height of no higher than 3-4 m. Warm air flows from heating devices located under the windows or along the walls rise upward. Because of this, the difference in air temperature between the floor and ceiling increases by 2°C with each meter. Thus, in living rooms this difference can reach 6-8°C, which is quite acceptable, since a comfortable temperature (+18-22oC) should be maintained only up to the height of human growth.
Air heating system, diagram, fig. 3
But the higher the ceiling, the more uneven heating increases. In a room heated by convection, warm air mainly accumulates under the ceiling, which naturally increases heat loss through the floors or roof. At the same time, at the height of human growth, the temperature remains much lower than comfortable.
Air heating diagram, fig. 4
Due to the huge temperature difference between the floor and the ceiling when using water heating systems in rooms with high ceilings it is necessary to resort to additional measures to uniformly heat the entire volume of air. These can be electric or water “warm floors” or ceiling fans, which further increases the already considerable costs of heating the building. All this makes water heating an extremely unprofitable and ineffective solution for heating buildings with high ceilings. So it is gradually being abandoned in favor of more economical air systems.
Scheme, Fig. 5
Air heating system: pros and cons
Advantages
You can set the thermostat to a low maintenance temperature (so that the water does not freeze) and leave the unit for a while. Upon return, the regulator switches back and the building warms up.
If necessary, you can set a flexible temperature regime: at night - one, during the day - another.
Air heating can work alongside a humidifier in dry climates while avoiding the problems associated with static electricity build-up.
In regions with a humid climate, air heating systems dry the indoor air, which will prevent moisture condensation and the spread of fungus and mold.
Air heating systems with an air intake inside the building are equipped with purifying filters or ionizers, this allows you to remove polluting particles and allergens from the air.
During the warm season, air ducts of forced draft air heating systems supply cold air to the rooms.
Fans of air heating systems, in the presence of forced draft, are used in conjunction with solid fuel stoves, heating the house in case of unforeseen failures or planned interruptions in work central heating. Similar alternative system, located near the air intake fan, can assist the main heating system in particularly severe cold weather.
Flaws
Air heating systems with the same forced draft “successfully” suck dust from the street into the room. Air filters do not catch all the dust. The problem can be alleviated by using systems with an air intake located inside the building.
Air filters require frequent replacement; if this is not done, the system loses its effectiveness.
If the fan breaks down, no heat will be supplied.
In case of any malfunction with CO entering the air duct system, it will spread throughout the building carbon monoxide.
teplolivam.ru
An air heating system is simply an ideal option for heating industrial premises
Calculators SNiPs and GOSTs
Heating industrial premises is an important matter for the owner of a large enterprise. Because you need to, first of all, think about your employees. After all, when workers spend their workday in comfortable conditions, they, accordingly, get sick less and work better.
Advantages of air heating of industrial premises:
- This system heating is much more economical than, for example, gas;
- Installing equipment for air heating will cost the owner in large institutions much less than building his own separate boiler room;
- Also, this heating system can save quite a lot of money on electricity. The thing is that the air heats up much faster thanks to this equipment, and the heat lasts longer;
- The owner of any large premises will save money on maintaining this system. Since air heating of industrial premises requires fewer employees to service this heating equipment.
Installation options for this heating equipment
Air heating can be installed in 2 options. The first option is to install production units on the roof or near the wall. From them a special system goes inside, thanks to which the air is distributed among all the blowers and evenly warms the room. This option is suitable if, in addition to heating the institution, you also need to cool and ventilate it during the warm season.
Business owners will no longer need to think about purchasing air conditioners and installing them. You can save a lot of money by connecting only one heating system, and in the end you get 2. Such heating of industrial premises is often used in shopping centers and department stores. Air humidifiers and antibacterial lamps can be connected to heating equipment, which help create an ideal indoor microclimate.
The second installation option is when production premises are heated by local air heaters. Such equipment is perfect for various warehouses and premises where goods are stored. Air heaters should be installed in the right places around the perimeter and simply turned on. If the temperature drops significantly, then the sensor will record this, and the units will start working again.
How to proceed when installing air heating in warehouses and other institutions
As always, before starting absolutely any work, you need to think carefully about everything. In this case, you need to do good project so that after installation heating equipment there were no problems. Of course, the owner of a production establishment will not do all this. That's why the best way To cope with this task is to hire competent workers in this field.
So, what actions should you follow before installing this structure:
- First you need to make a project before proceeding with the installation of air heating in the enterprise;
- Next you need to install the heating system;
- Then you should test all the devices. This will be a test for everyone automatic systems, and air tests;
- If the test was successful, then you can hand over the “work” for use;
- The last point is, directly, the use of this heating system.
The calculation of all units, spare parts and their quantity should be made by an experienced person in this field in order to protect himself from “extra” purchases.
Heating of industrial premises and enterprises requires absolute compliance with the project itself. You should not perform all the calculations yourself, even if you are well versed in all of this. After all, one small mistake can ruin the operation of the entire system. Various defects may also appear, which are accompanied by an increased noise level (and for shopping centers this is an unacceptable situation), an imbalance in the air supply various rooms, temperature imbalance, etc.
A specialized organization (namely, this is where the customer needs to contact for a heating system project) must resolve the following issues:
- Determine heat losses in each individual room;
- Having learned the heat losses, employees of a specialized organization select air heaters of the required power, taking into account all heat losses;
- Calculate the amount of heated air and take it into account with the power of the air heater;
- Calculate the aerodynamic system, which determines the pressure loss and the diameter of the air channels.
And only after all this can you proceed to purchasing all necessary materials, and then begin to install a heating system for industrial premises.
Rice. 2 Calculation of heating of production premises Air heating system and its installation
The work of installing equipment for heating industrial premises can be undertaken by both “all of our own” and workers from a specialized organization. Before starting the installation of air heating in the room, you need to make sure that you have all the materials for the work.
In addition to the heating system, you must also not forget about the self-tapping screws, aluminum tape, mounting tape, flexible insulated air duct and others additional materials. All indoor air heating blowers must be insulated. This should be done in order to avoid condensation from blowers in production areas.
Rice. 3 Air heating system in industrial establishments An air heating system with mainline blowers requires a special approach to insulation. The material used for these blowers is galvanized steel, so you need to stick a self-adhesive insulation (foil) on top of it. The thickness of the insulation should be 3-5 mm.
Best for installing a heating system in large rooms Hire experienced workers who will install all the necessary equipment without any problems.
kotlomaniya.ru
Home > Air heating of production premises
Today, before many commercial and production organizations the issue of saving is acute. In winter, heating a production facility with a constant rise in electricity prices can cost a pretty penny, so the demand for effective ways heating - first of all, direct heating of air using the cheapest fuel available today - natural gas. Air heating systems for industrial and commercial premises products offered by our company are among the most effective, profitable and advanced on the Russian market. Let us consider the main characteristics of such systems. For industrial premises requiring heating and ventilation, systems are used in which air is supplied to the premises through air ducts. It is most advisable to use such systems if it is necessary not only to heat, but also to ventilate and/or air condition a room - since in this system it is possible to combine all these functions. A similar system is installed using large industrial units, usually located on the roof. This is exactly how the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system is built in large shopping centers, office buildings, and production workshops. The system allows you to maintain the necessary climatic parameters in the room - temperature, humidity, clean the air from germs, dust and other harmful impurities, creating the most favorable environment for people in the room. If the task is only to heat production premises with minimal costs, then the best way is to install local gas air heaters. This is a compact and inexpensive equipment that operates on the principle of a fan heater. Local air heaters are controlled by thermostats that regulate the temperature in the room and give a signal to turn on if it drops to certain value. In both cases, the heating system of an industrial or warehouse premises has several undoubted advantages: - use of a cheap energy source (gas)
- absence of additional coolant, as well as the bulky system associated with it (pipes, boilers, pumps)
- exceptionally low inertia - no time is required to transfer heat from the coolant to the battery, heated air immediately enters the room
- exceptionally high efficiency – up to 93%
- creating a more uniform heat distribution due to constant air circulation in the room
There is no doubt that heating industrial premises has always been a non-standard task, to put it mildly. And this is not surprising, since each such room was built strictly for a specific technological process, and its dimensions, unlike residential or domestic premises, are sometimes simply impressive. Quite often there are even industrial buildings, total area which reaches even several thousand (!) square meters. The height of the ceilings in them can be seven to eight meters, but there are also those that reach an incredible twenty to twenty-five meters. What is characteristic is work zone in them, which really needs heating, does not exceed a couple of meters.
So how can you heat an industrial space? Does it make sense to resort to traditional methods - water or air heating, for example – and will this have any effect? After all, their efficiency, if we consider it from the point of view of such a huge building, is low, and the cost of maintenance, on the contrary, is high. And hundreds of meters of pipeline will soon become covered with rust, because an industrial building contains a large amount of stray current.
So which is better to choose? Which method, which heating of industrial buildings and premises is best for us? Let's try to figure this out together.
Types of heating of industrial buildings, workshops and warehouses
Among the heating features of such premises, I would like to highlight the following:
- Heating equipment should be used as efficiently as possible.
- The need to heat large areas.
- Heaters are required to heat not only the air inside, but also outside. Their location does not matter.
The choice of one heating method or another should be influenced not only by the characteristics of the heat source, but also, say, by the specifics production process, financial side question and so on. Now let's look at the positive and negative of each type.
Steam heating
This type of heating is used for industrial buildings. It has both pros and cons.
Advantages
- Permanently heat air (from one hundred degrees and above).
- You can heat a room in record time, as well as cool it if necessary.
- The number of floors of buildings does not matter, steam heating acceptable for any number of floors.
- heating equipment, and even the pipeline, are small in size.
Important! Steam system It is well suited for heating industrial premises, much more than, say, heating with water. Perfect option in order to heat periodically.
Flaws
- The main disadvantage is the strong noise performance during operation.
- In addition, steam consumption, and therefore heat transfer, cannot be controlled.
approximate cost of such heating in one season can be from 32 to 86 thousand rubles, depending on the selected fuel. We took an average industrial building, the total area of which is approximately 500 meters, and the ceiling height is 3 meters.
It is not advisable to install steam heating in buildings where aerosol or dust, as well as flammable gases, are released.
Water heating
If water heating is chosen, the heat source can be a local boiler house, or district heating. The main component of such a system is a boiler that can run on gas, solid fuel, and even electricity. But it's best to use either gas (about 80 thousand per season), or coal(about 97 thousand), since other options will cost more, which raises doubts about the advisability of their use.
Features of water heating
- High pressure.
- Heat.
- It is used primarily in the role of “standby” heating of the building, with the temperature set to plus 10. Of course, if this does not contradict production technology.
Air heating
Air heating of industrial premises can be both local and centralized. It is characterized by the following features:
- Air is always moving.
- Therefore, it is changed and cleaned periodically.
- The temperature is distributed evenly throughout the room.
- All this is absolutely safe for the human body.
Through air ducts, heated air enters the building, where it mixes with what is already present and acquires the same temperature. In order to minimize energy costs, most of The air is purified using filters, heated back and released into the room.
But air from outside is also supplied, according to sanitary standards. But if during production some harmful or toxic substances are released, then the recycling procedure will be in question. In this case, the heat from the exhaust air must be recovered.
If local air heating is used, then the heat source should be located in the very center of the building (this can be heat guns, SAI and others). But in this case, only internal air is processed, but no fresh air is supplied from outside.
One of the ways to heat large areas is air heating units, about them
Heating with electricity
If area industrial premises is insignificant, then in order to create maximum comfort for workers, you can acquire infrared emitters, which are mainly installed in warehouses.
The main devices are the so-called thermal curtains. The cost of heating with electricity is about 500 thousand rubles per season.
Radiant heating in the form ceiling panels It is used not only at production facilities, but also, for example, in greenhouses, and even in multi-apartment residential buildings.
A significant difference between such systems is that they heat not only the air, but also the walls, floor, all objects and people in the building. The air is not heated at all and, therefore, does not circulate, which allows employees to avoid allergies or colds.
Among the advantages of ceiling systems, we would highlight the following:
- Such systems have a long service life.
- At the same time, they take up very little space.
- They weigh little, making installation extremely simple and quick. They can also be suitable for any room.
The use of such systems is especially advisable under the condition insufficient quantity electricity. Moreover, the rate of heating of the room is also an important factor, and radiant panels are ideal here.
Without a doubt, radiant heaters are best suited for heating industrial buildings.
Video
Heating scheme for industrial premises
Despite the above, we will not use radiant heating for our scheme. The fact is that most of the industrial buildings are still of the Soviet type, with large heat losses. They require the most inexpensive heating option, preferably using alternative fuel.
So, the average volume of such buildings is 5760 cubic meters, and in order to make up for losses, a power of 108 kilowatts per hour is required. These are very approximate figures and depend on a number of factors. Let us only note that we must have another 30% power reserve. Our fuel is wood and pellets.
In order to obtain the power we need, about 40 kilograms of fuel per hour are required, and if in production there is an eight-hour working day (plus an hour break), then 360 kilograms of fuel will be required per day. Average heating season is 150 days, which means that in total we will need 54 tons of firewood. But this value is maximum.
Now let's calculate the cost. (see table)
The calculations were based on the fact that we would need 25 tons of fuel for the season. If we heat with gas, then we will need it for 260,000 rubles, and electricity – for the entire 360,000 rubles.
SNiP standards for heating industrial premises
There are quite a lot of general provisions of SNiP, and they are described very extensively. We intend to highlight only their essence.
- Heating of industrial premises should be designed taking into account heat loss, heat consumption for heating air, objects, and equipment. Allowable heat loss is no more than three degrees difference between the temperature inside and outside.
- The maximum permissible coolant parameters are 90 degrees and 1.0 MPa.
- It is advisable to use only water as a coolant; all other materials should be technically justified.
- If heated by electricity, then all equipment must meet the requirements.
- Heating landings not designed.
- If there are more than 50 per employee square meters floor, then in permanent workplaces there should be the previously indicated temperature, and in non-permanent ones - at least 10 degrees.
- Gas equipment can only be used when combustion products are removed closed.