Growing Chinese cabbage: a ton per hundred square meters! Agricultural technology of Chinese cabbage.

A person who has tried Chinese cabbage at least once will probably buy it again. Its tender and juicy leaves are somewhat reminiscent of salad in taste. This vegetable is always in great demand. Chinese cabbage growing and caring for which does not require special knowledge can bring good income. You will learn how to make a profit from it in this article.

What are the benefits of Chinese cabbage?

Juicy heads of cabbage are used to prepare salads, borscht, cabbage rolls and other tasty and healthy dishes. It is an indispensable supplier of minerals and vitamins, which the human body cannot do without. This vegetable contains much more protein than its other relatives. It is worth noting that growing Chinese cabbage can be done by any novice gardener who wants environmentally friendly fresh products on his table.

Best commercial varieties

Experienced plant growers believe that growing Chinese cabbage in open ground or in a greenhouse is enough profitable business which brings good income. The most important thing is to choose the right crop varieties that are cultivated in the climatic conditions of your region.

For growing Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse, the early-ripening semi-pumped variety Vorozheya is more suitable. It gives a yield of 4 kg per 1 sq. meters. In addition, you can purchase Rodnik, a hybrid of F1 Parkin and TSHA2. Another early ripening variety is Khibinsky. It can be used to grow Chinese cabbage from seeds in open ground and in greenhouses. This variety is characterized by high yield and resistance to high temperatures. Some farms prefer to use leaf forms Kudesnitsa and ChaCha.

Technology

To get a good harvest, you need to study the technology of growing Chinese cabbage and become familiar with all the nuances.

In a heated greenhouse, the first heads of cabbage are cut at the end of May, and the second, in the last ten days of November. If you plant spring varieties in the spring or, conversely, the seedlings may shoot up. Pay special attention to this.

The harvest in open ground will be early if you use the seedling method. Since the seedlings are too tender, they cannot be picked. Seeds are sown in separate cups of 2-3 pieces. After 2-3 leaves appear, the strongest seedling is left, and excess plants are removed.

You can plant Chinese cabbage in open ground after the sprout has produced 5-6 leaves. The distance between seedlings should be 40-50 cm. When they begin to grow, the leaves can be thinned out and used for making salads. In autumn, the crop is grown from seeds. To avoid shooting, for autumn growing should be taken leaf varieties. To protect crops from cruciferous flea beetle, you should sprinkle them with ash or plant mint, celery or thyme nearby.

Disadvantages and advantages of business

Since the demand for vegetables is constantly growing, a Chinese cabbage business with the right approach will bring good profits.

Growing this crop has many advantages:

The yield, depending on the growing conditions of Chinese cabbage and its variety, can reach 900 centners per hectare;
This crop is resistant to low temperatures, so it can be grown in almost all regions of our country. The plant can withstand frosts of -5–7 degrees;
The high wholesale price of the products ensures good profits. From crops covering an area of 5 hectares, you can get 300 tons of cabbage worth 6 million rubles;
The plant produces a harvest in 50–70 days. This allows you to grow 2-3 crops in one season.
There are no problems with the sale of products.

Flaws:

Culture susceptibility to diseases;
The harvest largely depends on the fertility of the soil;
Harvesting must be done within 2 weeks, otherwise the cabbage will begin to rot on the vine.

Registration of activities

To legalize your earnings from selling Chinese cabbage, you need to register as an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm. As for taxation, choose a single agricultural tax. You don't need any licenses or permits.

Business plan and profitability

Since the methods of growing Chinese cabbage can be different, when drawing up a business plan you need to take this important point into account.

In addition, enter all monthly expenses into it:

Rent of land;
Workers' salaries;
Taxes;
Fuel and lubricants and spare parts.

The profitability of a business, as with , largely depends on the yield and size of the sown area. In some cases it reaches 50%.

Expenses

To organize a farming enterprise, you need to invest money in your business. To grow produce on areas larger than 5 hectares, you will need:

Tractor – 1 million rubles;
Machine for planting seedlings – 200 thousand rubles;
Seeds – 5 thousand rubles;
Fertilizers – 15 thousand rubles;
Packaging – 15 thousand rubles;
Vegetable storage rental – 200 thousand rubles.

In total, you will have to invest about 1.5 million rubles in your business. This is the approximate investment amount. To save money, you can buy used equipment, which will cost half as much. To grow Chinese cabbage at home on a small plot of land, you only need funds to purchase seed material.

Sales of products

If you provide correct landing and care for Chinese cabbage, it will delight you with a good harvest. It can be sold throughout the year. The price of this vegetable ranges from 30 to 50 rubles per 1 kg. The weight of one head of cabbage is about 1 kg or more.

Your main clients could be:

Supermarkets;
Vegetable stalls;
Restaurants;
Schools;
Hospitals.

If you decide to start such a business, first of all, analyze the market in your region and find sales ways, and only after that start working. Demand for vegetables increases in autumn. By this time, the sown area should be significantly increased.

Growing Chinese cabbage

If you have been studying and decided to change the direction of your activity, you can safely switch to Beijing. This unpretentious crop will bring you excellent profits. It is stored longer and can produce 2-3 harvests in one season;
If you do not have initial capital, you can contact the bank and apply for a preferential loan for agricultural producers. In addition, the state provides support to beginning farmers. As part of this program, you can receive 1.5 million rubles in free assistance for or other crops;
To collect your seeds, leave the strongest plants until they are fully ripe. Remember that they can cross-pollinate with rutabaga or turnip;
Heads of cabbage are stored in polyethylene with open ends. In this form they remain fresh until the next harvest.

conclusions

Growing this crop for sale has its advantages and disadvantages. But, despite this, this line of business is considered quite profitable and promising. High price and good demand ensure it high profitability. With a competent approach

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PRODUCTIVITY OF PEKING CABBAGE AT DIFFERENT GROWING TIMES

ON THE. Kolpakov

Chinese cabbage has important positive economic and biological properties. Thanks to precocity and chemical composition it can replace in spring period white cabbage. Eating Chinese cabbage has a beneficial effect on digestion and human health.

In the northern provinces of China, the share of Chinese cabbage in population consumption during the winter months is up to 80% of total vegetable consumption. In Japan, the area under it is 30,000 hectares, in Korea - about 70,000, in Germany in some years it increased to 1,000 hectares.

However, in Russia, Chinese cabbage began to be introduced into commercial vegetable growing relatively recently. For a long time, its spread was hampered by the lack of varieties and hybrids that are resistant to stemming when grown in open ground under long-day conditions.

Interest in this crop is associated with a number of its economically valuable characteristics: early ripening (forms marketable heads of cabbage in 48-75 days), high yield of marketable heads of cabbage (from 40 to 50 t/ha), valuable biochemical composition (rich in vitamins, mineral salts, amino acids , including irreplaceable), various ways food use: fresh, boiled, stewed, pickled.

IN Western Siberia Chinese cabbage is still little known. At the same time, the climatic conditions of the region are very favorable for its cultivation. The main limiting factors in the spread of this crop are weak popularization among the population and the lack of scientifically based recommendations for its cultivation in the region.

The purpose of our work was to determine optimal timing planting seedlings to obtain maximum yield of Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia.

OBJECTS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH

The development of technology elements for growing Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia was carried out in 2005-2007. at the West Siberian vegetable experimental station. The experiment was carried out on the F1 Nika hybrid, bred at the breeding station named after. N.N. Timofeev RGAU-MSHA named after. K. A. Timiryazeva.

The soil of the experimental plot is represented by ordinary chernozem, medium-thick, medium-loamy. The humus content is 3.8-4.5%, the pH of the salt extract is 6.9, the amount of absorbed bases is 35.3 mEq/100 g of soil, the supply of phosphorus and potassium is high. Groundwater are located at a depth of 10 m from the soil surface.

The air temperature during the years of research was close to the long-term average data with slight fluctuations from year to year. The hottest month was July 2006, the average daily air temperature exceeded the long-term average by 1.4-2.4°C.

Precipitation over the years of research was very unstable: 2007 was dry, and 2005 and 2006. - moderately dry. In July 2006, there was an excess of the average long-term precipitation norm by 2 times and amounted to 137 mm, while the norm was 67 mm.

The seedlings were grown in pots in film greenhouses, then they were planted on a plot of open ground according to a 70 x 30 cm pattern. The seedlings were 30 days old. The area of the recording plot is 5 m2, the experiment was repeated four times.

For each experimental variant, the dates of sowing, single (10%) and mass shoots (75%), planting in open ground, the beginning of the formation of heads of cabbage (in 10% of plants) and the onset of technical ripeness of heads of cabbage (in 75% of plants) were noted.

The duration of periods of plant development was counted from the moment of emergence of mass shoots.

When harvesting, the stump was cut at a distance of 0.5 cm from the head of cabbage. Household waste - leaves, flowering and underdeveloped heads of cabbage - were not weighed. The average weight of a marketable head of Chinese cabbage was determined by dividing the total weight of the harvest from the plot by the number of heads.

RESEARCH RESULTS

Usage various terms sowing Chinese cabbage during cultivation seedling method revealed significant differences in the duration of interphase periods depending on the date of sowing seeds for seedlings (Table 1).

Chinese cabbage cultivation yield

Table 1 - Duration of periods of development of Chinese cabbage plants (average for 2005-2007), days

Sowing date	Shoots - beginning of head formation	Shoots - the onset of technical ripeness

Analyzing the presented data, it can be noted that during the spring sowing dates of seeds (April - May), there is a gradual acceleration in the formation of heads of cabbage as later sowing dates are used. Thus, over the years of research, when sowing on April 1-4, the duration of the period from germination to the onset of technical ripeness was 87-94 days, and when sowing on May 24-25, mass ripening of heads of cabbage was observed after 67-76 days.

Later sowing dates (June - July) led to an increase in the duration of the periods both from germination to the beginning of head formation, and to the onset of technical ripeness.

As the results of the experiment have shown, the use of seedling growing methods ensures the ripening of Chinese cabbage in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia already in early July. The size of the harvest and the average weight of a head of Chinese cabbage vary greatly and depend on the timing of crop cultivation (Table 2).

Table 2 - Productivity of Chinese cabbage with seedling cultivation method (average for 2005-2007)

Safety for harvesting, %	Productivity, t/ha	Average weight of a head of cabbage, kg
Planting seedlings

Note. NSR05: 2005 - 1.8 t/ha; 2006 - 2.3 t/ha; 2007 - 2.1t/ha.

In general, higher yields are observed when using early spring sowing of seeds for seedlings. The highest yield of Chinese cabbage (64.9 t/ha) on average over three years was obtained when sowing seedlings at the beginning of the second ten days of April and planting seedlings on May 15-17.

The June timing of planting seedlings led to a decrease in the yield of Chinese cabbage to 48.9 t/ha. This is due to the low level of preservation of plants for harvesting (64.2-75.8%) due to the worse survival rate of seedlings and the severe degree of damage to the rosette of leaves by apical burn due to the influence high temperatures during the period of development of the vegetative mass of plants and setting of heads of cabbage. On Negative consequences Chinese authors also indicate exposure to high temperatures (above +25°C) for setting heads of Chinese cabbage.

Using later dates for planting seedlings allows you to avoid the effects of high air temperatures during the period of active leaf growth and head formation, so cabbage yields increase slightly. However, late planting dates (after August 20) in the conditions of Western Siberia are too risky, since the heads of cabbage may not set.

The use of different growing periods for Chinese cabbage also influenced the size of the heads. The largest average weight of heads of cabbage (1.4-1.60 kg) was formed when seedlings were planted on May 15-17, June 27-29 and July 22-25.

In our opinion, this is due to different temperature conditions during the development of the vegetative mass and the density of plants standing before harvesting.

CONCLUSIONS

Using the seedling method of cultivation allows, in the conditions of the south of Western Siberia, to obtain high yields of Chinese cabbage from early July to mid-October.

The June timing of planting seedlings reduces the yield of Chinese cabbage by 25% due to the impact of high temperatures during the development of the vegetative mass of plants and setting heads.

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST

1. Circle G. Vegetable growing / per. with him. IN AND. Leunova.- M.: Kolos, 2000.- 576 p.

2. Grinberg E.G., Gubko V.N., Vitchenko E.F. Vegetable crops in Siberia. - Novosibirsk: Sibirsk. Univ. publishing house, 2004.- 400 p.

3. Kuo C.G., Tsay J.S. Physiological responses of Chinese cabbage under high temperature // N.S. Talekar and T. D. Griggs. eds. Chinese cabbage. Proc. First Intl. Symp. AVRDC. - Shanhua. Tainan, 1981. - P. 217-224.

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The benefits of Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage is no less healthy than all other types of cabbage: it contains many vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, PP, E, P, K, U, and the whole range of necessary mineral salts. Vitamin C and protein it contains 2 times more than white cabbage.

One of its most important advantages is that it retains vitamins throughout the winter , which distinguishes it favorably from lettuce, which has a short shelf life, and white cabbage, which also loses vitamins during storage. Therefore, in the spring, Chinese cabbage is simply irreplaceable as a supplier of vitamins and minerals, especially necessary for the body after winter.

Growing Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage originated in China in the 5th century AD, and for a long time it was cultivated only in China, Japan, Korea and others eastern countries. But in Lately People are increasingly trying to grow it on their plots, and in our country, however, it is not always successful. Things went especially well with the emergence of new varieties, resistant to shooting in long daylight conditions. Like other brassicas, Chinese cabbage bolts and produces seeds when grown long. more than 12 hours of daylight, and sets a head of cabbage and produces a harvest with a short day of less than 12 hours. In addition, to form a head of cabbage optimal temperature 15−20 degrees. Cabbage does not like sudden changes in temperature, and often goes into a spiral.

In technology growing Chinese cabbage It has its own characteristics, differences from, without knowing which, you can lose your harvest and be disappointed in this culture.

And it’s completely in vain - after all, Chinese cabbage is one of the fastest-ripening and highest-yielding crops. Growing Chinese cabbage is very profitable - after all, it is not only early ripening, but also gives big harvest , at the level of 600-1000 kilograms per hundred square meters, but it is also a fairly expensive crop. The market is still far from being saturated with this culture, and it always goes with a bang.

It is so productive and has such a short growing season that it is profitable to grow it even in winter in heated greenhouses. So it can be grown almost all year round, providing themselves with constant harvests.

Growing Chinese cabbage in greenhouses

When growing Chinese cabbage in heated greenhouses since the beginning of spring it gives the maximum yield - up to a ton per hundred square meters. In this case, at the end of May you can already harvest. The best varieties for spring growing: F1 Spring Jade and F1 Spring Beauty.

A second harvest in greenhouses can be obtained by growing since the beginning of autumn . Then the harvest can already be harvested around the end of November. The best varieties for autumn cultivation: F1 Autumn Jade and F1 Autumn Beauty, as well as F1 September.

It is very important to plant spring varieties in the spring and autumn varieties in the fall. Otherwise, the cabbage may go to waste. This especially applies to autumn varieties who don't like heat.

But there are also universal varieties, such as F1 Miss China, and F1 Chinese Select. The weight of a head of cabbage at the time of harvest for Chinese Select cabbage can exceed 4 kg, and the length may well be more than 50 cm.

Chinese or Chinese cabbage, despite its origin, can be cultivated in Russia, but for this you need to know the features and rules of cultivation. In this article we will understand all the intricacies of this process.

There are a huge number of varieties of Chinese cabbage in the world selection. The harvest of such vegetables can be obtained in any climatic zone, but subject to certain rules.

For example, early varieties feel better in greenhouses. In the southern regions of our country, it is necessary to shade plants, which will create a shortened daylight hours.

Victoria

An early ripening variety with excellent taste, pleasant aroma. The fruits are used for preparing salads and other dishes and are suitable for heat treatment. Vegetables are cylindrical in shape, elongated with dense loose leaves, light-colored Green colour. The growing season for the Victoria variety is within 2 months.

Orange Mandarin

An early ripening variety that can be grown throughout the warm period. Under favorable weather conditions, the fruits of the crop ripen 40 days from the moment the seedlings are planted in open ground. The heads of cabbage are small, their weight does not exceed 1 kilogram. The variety tolerates stressful situations, suitable for cultivation in Siberia.

Marfa

A shade-tolerant, early-ripening variety with a growing season of 40-42 days. This cabbage has fairly large and wide leaves and tasty pulp. The maximum weight of a head of cabbage is 1.5 kilograms. Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in the second ten days of April; grains are sown in open ground from mid-May.

Pomegranate

Mid-season variety, has large fruits weighing up to 2.5 kilograms. The heads of cabbage are elongated in shape and have tightly fitting dark green leaves. Pomegranate exhibits resistance to many diseases, especially necrosis. The first cabbage harvest is obtained 70-75 days after sowing the seeds.

Express

The variety is suitable for growing in greenhouses and open ground. This unpretentious plant, resistant to sudden temperature changes. The heads of cabbage are bright green in color, weighing up to 2 kilograms. Beijing Express can be used for cultivation in Siberia.

Stonefly

An ultra-early variety, ripens 35 days from the moment the seeds are sowed in the greenhouse. The heads of cabbage are small, juicy, suitable for making salads.

Wineglass

The mid-late variety with a growing season of 70 days is quite difficult to care for, so it is better to grow this vegetable in the southern part of our country. The heads of cabbage are dense, weighing up to 2 kilograms.

How to properly grow Chinese cabbage seedlings

The cultivation of the crop in question can occur using seedling material or by directly sowing seeds in open ground. Chinese cabbage is considered a cold-resistant plant; its grains can form sprouts at an air temperature of +4-5 degrees, but intensive development is possible in the range of +15...+22 degrees. When warming occurs, the crop throws out inflorescences. This phenomenon often occurs in conditions of extended daylight hours.

Due to the need for shortened daylight hours, it is recommended to grow the crop from seedlings in early spring or late autumn. Sometimes it is advisable to create a special lighting regime. In this case, the first fruit harvest is obtained within a month from the moment the plants are planted in open ground.

When to plant Chinese cabbage for seedlings

Planting seeds Chinese cabbage should be carried out approximately a month before the intended planting of seedlings on permanent place. For getting early harvest sowing of seedlings is carried out in the last ten days of March or early April. When growing seedlings to obtain a harvest for winter consumption, sowing of grains is carried out at the end of June.

Preparing seeds for planting

Purchased Chinese cabbage seeds do not require special preparation; they can be immediately planted in the ground without prior soaking. If you use your own seed materials grains require preliminary germination, which will determine their germination.

To do this, they are placed on wet gauze folded in several layers. Next, place the container with the seeds in a warm place and wait for the sprouts to appear. Their germination begins 3-5 days from the moment of sowing.

If this does not happen or seedlings are rare, you need to take other seeds.

Preparing the soil for sowing

In practice, several options are used soil mixtures for sowing Chinese cabbage seedlings:

Sod land and peat in equal proportions with the addition of 10 grams of wood ash and complex mineral fertilizer(for every 10 kilograms of mixture).

2 parts humus and 1 part coconut substrate.

Sowing seeds for seedlings

The crop in question does not survive transplantation well, so the seeds should be sown not in a common box, but in peat pots (2-3 grains per container). The seed material is buried in the nutrient substrate to a depth of 1.5 centimeters. After this, the seedling containers are installed in a warm but dark place until seedlings emerge.

Seedling care

After the first shoots appear, the seedlings are moved to a well-lit windowsill. At this stage of development, the room temperature must be maintained at +7...+8 degrees. A loggia or glazed balcony is best suited for this.

Further care for seedlings consists of periodic watering with warm, settled water. The soil should be moistened as the top layer of the nutrient substrate dries. After carrying out these procedures, it is necessary to carefully loosen the soil, which will prevent moisture stagnation.

When the seedlings have two or three true leaves in the pot, leave one of the healthiest plants and pinch out the rest.

Dive

We have already said earlier that Chinese cabbage seedlings do not tolerate transplantation well, so the seeds are sown immediately in separate containers. This allows you to bypass the dive process.

How to transplant Chinese cabbage seedlings into open ground

Chinese cabbage seedlings are moved into open ground along with peat pots. In the future, these containers will dissolve and provide additional nutrients for plant development.

10 days before the expected planting date, the plants are hardened off outdoors, gradually increasing the time. Seedlings can be planted in a permanent place after they have spent a day outside.

Planting scheme

There are several schemes for planting Chinese cabbage in open ground:

If the plant is used as a salad crop, a distance of 25 centimeters is left between individual seedlings in both directions.
To form a head of cabbage, you must follow the pattern of 35*35 or 50*50 centimeters.

This requirement is valid for sowing vegetables directly into open ground.

When using seedlings, follow the 30*50 centimeter pattern.

To get a good harvest of fruits and prevent bolting, planting the vegetable should be done in early spring or autumn.

Sowing seeds in the ground

To grow Chinese cabbage without seedlings, you need to choose the right site. The ideal predecessors of the culture in question are:

garlic;
carrot;
cucumbers

It is not advisable to sow grains in soil where close relatives of cabbage (mustard or radish, radish) had previously developed.

Seeds are sown in previously dug soil. Planting holes are made in the garden according to a pre-selected pattern of 35*35 or 50*50 centimeters. 10-15 grams of wood ash and 0.5 kilograms of organic matter (compost or humus) are added to each hole.

After a week from the moment of sowing, shoots should appear. At this moment, the most developed sprout should be left in the hole, the rest should be pinched.

Planting dates for Chinese cabbage

The time for sowing seeds in open ground depends on the air temperature. Ideal conditions For the development of this cabbage, the temperature regime is considered to be +16…+22 degrees. Exceeding or decreasing the recommended values leads to the formation of peduncles.

For the seedless method of cultivation, two favorable periods for sowing seeds are used: April 25 to May 5, June 25 to July 15.

Caring for cabbage in the garden

Growing Chinese cabbage requires the gardener to follow certain rules. Newly planted seedlings must be covered with agrofibre or any other non-woven material. This allows:

protect crops from possible frosts or sudden temperature changes;
shades plants from the scorching rays of the sun;
protects root system cabbage from rotting during prolonged rains;
allows you to hide seedlings from pests, cruciferous flea beetles.

Two weeks after planting the seedlings in the garden bed, the area is covered with mulch made from broken straw and peat. There is no need for hilling the culture, thick layer organic matter will retain soil moisture and prevent the growth of weeds.

Further measures for caring for cabbage include periodic watering and fertilizing, identifying and protecting vegetables from diseases and pests.

Watering and fertilizing

Chinese cabbage needs regular, abundant watering. It is recommended to moisten the soil once a week using warm water. The liquid should be poured under the root of the plant.

Water contact with leaves causes sunburn.

For better development Plants should be watered in the morning or in the evening after sunset. In the latter case, it is recommended to use warm water infused throughout the day.

The first fertilizing is applied to the soil two weeks after planting the seedlings. The following solutions can be used for this purpose:

10% mullein infusion (1 kilogram per 10 liters of water);
5% infusion of bird droppings (500 grams of organic matter per 10 liters of liquid);
infusion of herbs or nettles.

When fertilizing cabbage with fertilizers, 1 liter of solution is used for each bush. For spring crops, three such feedings are necessary. Plants planted in summer are fed twice during the growing season.

Foliar fertilizing also helps improve the yield of Chinese cabbage. To prepare such a substance in a liter of boiled hot water diluted 2 grams boric acid, then increase the volume cold water up to 10 liters. Treatment of crops is carried out in the evening on the leaves.

Harvesting and storing Chinese cabbage

To improve preservation and prevent the development of rot, it is recommended to cut the heads of cabbage in dry weather. The collected fruits are stored in a cool and dry place with temperature conditions 0…+2 degrees. Vegetables are laid out on racks or packed in boxes.

Carry out periodic inspection of the heads of cabbage for dried leaves and rotten areas.

Diseases and pests of lettuce

Chinese cabbage, like other cruciferous vegetables, can be affected by various diseases and pests during the growing season.

First, let's get acquainted with the main diseases of this vegetable:

Blackleg affects emerging sprouts of cabbage seedlings. The main symptom of the disease is blackening and narrowing of the crop stem, which makes it difficult for nutrients to reach the leaves and causes plant death. To prevent the development of blackleg, you need to disinfect the soil and seed material and follow the rules for caring for seedlings. The development of this disease is favored by low temperatures and high humidity air, as well as dense plantings of young plants.
A bacterial disease of clubroot causes thickening to appear on the root system of cabbage. As a result of this effect, the cells become deformed and do not allow nutrients to pass through easily. The affected plant turns yellow and begins to dry out. The development of the disease is facilitated by high soil moisture and low-quality seeds, as well as acidic soil. To prevent the development of the disease, before planting seedlings, the soil is calcined in the oven and then spilled with a solution of potassium permanganate. Wood ash or lime is additionally added to acidic soil.
Fungal disease gray mold affects the above-ground part of the crop during the period of fruit ripening or during storage. Symptoms of the disease are considered to be the appearance brown spots on cabbage leaves. After some time, a grayish coating forms on the affected areas. Spraying the plantings with fungicides, for example, Amistar, will help defeat the disease.

Chinese cabbage is considered a fairly demanding plant to care for. To get such vegetables you need to have basic knowledge of growing them. Put our tips into practice and you will get a good harvest of Chinese cabbage.

What is OKVED for business?
Packaging and storage
conclusions
Step-by-step plan for starting a business
How much can you earn from your own Chinese cabbage?
What is OKVED for business?
What documents are needed to open a farm?
Do you need a permit to open a business?
- - - Similar business ideas:

Growing Chinese cabbage and its benefits

Growing Chinese cabbage is a new direction in Russian vegetable growing. The demand for Chinese cabbage is constantly growing due to its excellent taste qualities and a rich composition of vitamins.

The advantages of growing this vegetable crop on farms:

Productivity, depending on the variety and growing conditions, reaches 900 c/ha;
Grows favorably when low temperatures(which is good for middle zone Russia), only 12 grams are required to form a head of cabbage. Optimal temperature cultivation is 20 grams. The plant can withstand short-term frosts down to minus 5 -7 degrees;
High wholesale selling price, which averages 20 rubles/kg. If 300 tons of cabbage are sold, and such a volume can be obtained from 5 hectares of planting area, the revenue will be more than 6 million rubles;
The plant has a short growing season of 50 - 70 days. You can get several harvests in one season;
The annual high demand for Chinese cabbage allows us to sell it without any problems;
The high productivity of Chinese cabbage allows it to be grown even in greenhouses!

In addition to the advantages, it is worth highlighting the disadvantages of creating a business for growing Chinese cabbage:

The agricultural technology of growing Chinese cabbage on our territory has been poorly studied;
Dependence on soil fertility (more on this below);
Susceptible to various diseases, like many cabbage plants. Peking cabbage is very popular with pests, so insecticidal treatments are very important;
The short period of being “on the vine” is no more than 2 weeks, and if removed later, it may result in rotting, necrosis of the leaves and a decrease in shelf life.

Step-by-step plan for starting a business

Soil preparation.
Possible risks.

Which tax system to choose

To organize a farm for growing Chinese cabbage, you must register a peasant farm or individual entrepreneur. The Unified Agricultural Tax (USAT) is used as a taxation system.

What is OKVED for business?

How much money do you need to invest to grow Chinese cabbage?

To grow a plant on large areas sowing (from 5 hectares) the following investments will be required (approximately):

Tractor, trailers (rental possible), from 1 million rubles;
Transplanter, from 200 thousand rubles;
Seed material, from 5 thousand rubles;
Fertilizers, from 15 thousand rubles;
Packaging material, from 15 thousand rubles;
Vegetable storage, from 200 thousand rubles.

The total initial investment will be from 1,435,000 rubles. The size of the investment is given very arbitrarily. In each individual case, their size may vary dramatically. For example, you can purchase a used tractor, which will reduce your initial costs by almost half.

To the main fixed costs Maintenance of a farm may include:

rent of land (if not owned);
wage;
taxes;
insurance contributions to the Pension Fund;
repair of equipment and fuels and lubricants.

You can get start-up capital for organizing a farm to grow Chinese cabbage in the following ways:

Obtain a preferential loan from the bank for agricultural producers;
Participate in programs state support beginning farmers. Depending on the region of the Russian Federation, it is possible to receive up to 1.5 million rubles free of charge for the development of peasant farms.

How much can you earn from your own Chinese cabbage?

What documents are needed to open a farm?

If there is extensive agricultural work and large areas are cultivated land(more than 1 Ha). State registration of a peasant farm is required. But when you cultivate small areas of land, since the law allows you to have a personal subsidiary plot (in your own backyard). Then grow agricultural products for sale without any tax collections allowed.

To register a peasant farm, you need: an application for state registration, a passport of the founder-manager of the company, agreements, a decision on the founding of a peasant farm (if there are several shareholders). Then, confirmation of payment of the state duty and the actual place of residence of the founder. If the enterprise is organized by one person, an agreement on the creation of a peasant farm is not needed.

Do you need a permit to open a business?

No licensing or special permits are required to grow Chinese cabbage.

Technology for growing Chinese cabbage

For growing Chinese cabbage, the composition of the soil and its fertility are very important. For this crop, neutral (medium composition) fertile soils are selected, since on light soils cabbage dries out quickly, and on heavy acidic soils the crop is most susceptible to diseases such as cabbage clubroot. The best predecessors- cucumbers, zucchini, onions, tomatoes and legumes. For planting, use sunny areas protected from strong winds.

To increase soil fertility, bird droppings, humus, limestone materials, and potassium sulfate are used as fertilizers. 2 weeks after planting, the plants are fed with urea.

It is important when cultivating Chinese cabbage to choose the right plant variety. For early implementation, the best early ripening varieties are Miraco F1, Monaco, Khibinskaya 5. For late implementation the best varieties- Bilko F1 (vegetation period 55-60 days), the cabbage heads of which reach a weight of 2 kg. The vegetable is grown both by seedlings and by direct sowing of seeds in open ground. For seedlings, you can use special soil, for example “Rostorfinfest”. Cabbage seeds in a greenhouse begin to germinate at a temperature of 4-5 degrees. Lack of light is not a problem for her and the plant can develop even without additional lighting. The period from planting seeds in a greenhouse to planting plants in open ground is 24-27 days.

On early stages When planting Chinese cabbage, bolting is possible due to low night temperatures. To prevent bolting of plants at the stage of growing seedlings, it is advisable to maintain the temperature in the greenhouse above 15 degrees.

The first planting begins in late April - early May. Like Chinese cabbage short term During the growing season, to obtain the maximum yield per season, it is preferable to plant it in several stages, dividing the field into several sections. For example, the first landing in the middle zone is May 1, then May 10, May 20, and so on, last landing- at the beginning of August. The planting rate is 40 thousand pieces/ha. The distance between plants in rows is 10 cm - 12 cm, in row spacing they maintain a distance of 45 cm.

Plants are planted using special equipment, for example, an MRM-2 transplanter. The cost of such a car is just over 200 thousand rubles.

The plant loves water very much. When watering plants, 700-800 m3 of water is used for every 10 tons of commercial harvest. More effective system Watering "Beijing" is a drip method.

It is important to treat plants against pests and diseases. Once every three years, the soil should be limed, adding 300-400 g of lime per 1 m2 of soil.

Packaging and storage

Harvesting begins when the plant has 10-12 leaves. The leaves of harvested cabbage wither quickly, so they should be packed immediately.

It is advisable to use it as packaging PVC film width 35-45 cm, while packaging is carried out manually directly into the field. Thanks to this, the shelf life of the vegetable increases several times.

Maximum sales of Chinese cabbage begin in the fall, so by this time it is advisable to increase the area sown with the crop several times.

conclusions

Despite all the pros and cons, growing Chinese cabbage on a farm with proper agricultural technology is very advantageous direction Moreover, there is practically no competition in this industry. Due to the good demand and high selling price of vegetables, this business can become a highly profitable business.

Step-by-step plan for starting a business

Organization of the business process for the production and sale of Chinese cabbage involves the following stages:

Selection of land for vegetable crops.
Purchase of planting material.
Soil preparation.
Technology, stages of the process of planting and growing cabbage.
Equipment, transportation and storage of products, hired work force, if required.
Sales plan for finished vegetable products.
Possible risks.

How much can you earn from your own Chinese cabbage?

The average market wholesale selling price is about 20-25 rubles per kilo of vegetable products. To get the maximum percentage of benefits, it is advisable to sell Chinese cabbage both in large supermarkets and in small specialized vegetable stores. The vegetable is also sold well by resellers and at agricultural markets. In general, in the production and sale of Chinese cabbage, monthly net earnings of about 300-350 thousand rubles are quite realistic.

What is OKVED for business?

The business of producing and selling Chinese cabbage is registered under code 01, which is responsible for crop production, livestock farming, etc. Its subclause 01.1 corresponds to the cultivation of annual crops, namely vegetables, root crops, melons, etc. - clause 01.13.

What documents are needed to open a farm?

If there is extensive agricultural work and large plots of land are cultivated (more than 1 hectare). State registration of a peasant farm is required. But when you cultivate small areas of land, since the law allows you to have a personal subsidiary plot (in your own backyard). It is also allowed to grow agricultural products for sale without any taxes. To register a peasant farm, you need: an application for state registration, a passport of the founder-manager of the company, agreements, a decision on the founding of a peasant farm (if there are several shareholders). Then, confirmation of payment of the state duty and the actual place of residence of the founder. If the enterprise is organized by one person, an agreement on the creation of a peasant farm is not needed.

Growing Chinese cabbage: a ton per hundred square meters! Agricultural technology of Chinese cabbage.

What are the benefits of Chinese cabbage?

Best commercial varieties

Technology

Disadvantages and advantages of business

Growing this crop has many advantages:

Flaws:

Registration of activities

Business plan and profitability

In addition, enter all monthly expenses into it:

Expenses

Sales of products

Your main clients could be:

conclusions

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