What concerns external threats to our country. Security threats: external, internal, cross-border

There are several types of national security threats today Russian Federation: external, internal and cross-border. External threats include the deployment of groups of armed forces and assets near the borders of the Russian Federation and its allies, territorial claims against the Russian Federation, threats of secession of certain territories from the Russian Federation; interference in the internal affairs of R.F. from the outside foreign countries; build-up of troop groups leading to a disruption of the existing balance of power near the borders of the Russian Federation; armed provocations, including attacks on Russian military facilities located on the territory of foreign states, as well as on facilities and structures on the State Border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies; actions that impede Russia’s access to strategically important transport communications; discrimination, non-compliance with the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation in some foreign countries

The main external threats to national security are:

  • · reduction of Russia's role in the global economy due to targeted actions of individual states and interstate associations, for example the UN, OSCE;
  • · reduction of economic and political influence on processes occurring in the global economy;
  • · strengthening the scale and influence of international military and political associations, including NATO;
  • · emerging trends towards the deployment of military forces of foreign states near the borders of Russia;
  • · widespread proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the world;
  • · weakening of the processes of integration and establishment of economic ties between Russia and the CIS countries;
  • · creating conditions for the formation and emergence of military armed conflicts near the state borders of Russia and the CIS countries;
  • · territorial expansion in relation to Russia, for example, from Japan and China;
  • · international terrorism;
  • · weakening of Russia's position in the field of information and telecommunications. This is manifested in a decrease in Russia’s influence on international information flows and the development by a number of states of information expansion technologies that can be applied to Russia;
  • · a sharp decline in the country’s military and defense potential, which does not allow it, if necessary, to repel a military attack, which is associated with a systemic crisis in the country’s defense complex.
  • · intensification of the activities of foreign organizations engaged in reconnaissance and collection of strategic information on Russian territory;

Experts include internal threats as follows: attempts to forcibly change the constitutional system and violate the territorial integrity of Russia; planning, preparation and implementation of actions to disrupt and disorganize the functioning of public authorities and management, attacks on state, economic and military facilities, life support facilities and information infrastructure; creation, equipment, training and activities of illegal armed groups; illegal distribution of weapons, ammunition and explosives on the territory of the Russian Federation; large-scale organized crime activities that threaten political stability in some regions of the Russian Federation. Activities of separatist and radical religious national movements.

The main internal threats to the national economic security are:

  • · Increasing the degree of differentiation in the standard of living and income of the population. The formation of a small group of the rich population (oligarchs) and a large part of the poor population creates a situation of social tension in society, which can ultimately lead to serious socio-economic upheavals;
  • · Deformation of the sectoral structure of the national economy. The orientation of the economy towards the extraction of mineral resources creates serious structural changes;
  • Increased unevenness economic development regions. The sharp difference in the level of socio-economic development of regions destroys existing connections between them and impedes interregional integration;
  • · Criminalization of Russian society. In society, there has been a sharp increase in the tendency to obtain unearned income through direct robbery and seizure of property, which negatively affects the overall stability and sustainability of the national economy. Great importance there is total penetration of criminal structures into the state apparatus and industry and an emerging trend of merging between them;
  • · A sharp decline in the scientific and technical potential of Russia. The basis of economic growth - scientific and technological potential - has been practically lost over the past decade, due to a reduction in investment in priority scientific and technical research and development, the mass departure of leading scientists from the country, the destruction of knowledge-intensive industries, and increased scientific and technological dependence;
  • · Increasing isolation and desire for independence of the subjects of the Federation. Russia has significant territories that function within the framework of a federal structure;
  • · Increasing interethnic and interethnic tension, which creates real conditions for the emergence of internal conflicts on national grounds;
  • · Widespread violation of a single legal space, leading to legal nihilism and non-compliance with legislation;
  • · Decrease in the physical health of the population, leading to degradation due to the crisis of the healthcare system;
  • · A demographic crisis associated with a stable tendency for the overall mortality rate of the population to prevail over the birth rate.

Taken together, domestic threats to national security are closely intertwined and interconnected.

The environmental situation in the world is characterized by negative trends. Her characteristic features are exhaustion natural resources, periodic occurrence of vast zones of environmental disasters and disasters, degradation of renewable natural resources. Most countries are characterized by the use of environmentally imperfect technologies in industry, agriculture, energy, and transport. A real threat to Russia’s interests is the tendency to use its territory to dispose of hazardous waste from the chemical and nuclear industries of developed European countries.

Negative trends in the world are growing social sphere. There is an increase in the proportion of sick, disabled people, people suffering from hunger and malnutrition, and drinking poor-quality water. The proportion of illiterate and unemployed people remains high (according to the official unemployment rate, Russia is still one of the most prosperous countries, ranking approximately 7th in the world). However, according to the classification of the International Labor Organization, there are more than 5 million unemployed in Russia. About the same number work part-time working week or are on forced leave, the level of material support for the population decreases. Migration processes are expanding to alarming proportions. Indicators of physical and mental development of people are deteriorating.

The threat to the physical health of the nation is manifested in the crisis state of health care systems and social protection population. There is widespread alcoholization of the population. Consumption of recorded and unrecorded alcohol per capita in terms of pure alcohol ranges from 11 to 14 liters, then the situation is assessed as dangerous at an indicator of 8 liters.

Cross-border threats are manifested in the following:

  • · Creation, equipment and training of armed formations and groups on the territory of other states for the purpose of their transfer for operations on Russian territory;
  • · Activities of subversive separatist, national or religious extremist groups supported from abroad, aimed at undermining the constitutional order of Russia, creating a threat to its territorial integrity and the security of its citizens. Cross-border crime, including smuggling and other illegal activities on an alarming scale;
  • · Drug trafficking activities that create a threat of drug penetration into Russian territory or the use of its territory for the transit of drugs to other countries;

Khorev Anatoly Anatolievich,
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
Moscow State Institute of Electronic Technology
(Technical University),
Moscow

Information security threats

6. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Terms and definitions: governing document: approved. by the decision of the Chairman of the State Technical Commission of Russia dated March 30, 1992 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_razd/_ispo.htm.

7. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses: federal. Law of July 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma December 20, 2001: approved by the Federation Council December 26, 2001]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2001/12/31/admkodeks-dok.html.

8. Commentary on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. - 3rd ed., rev. and additional/Under general. ed. Yu.I. Skuratova, V.M. Lebedeva. -M.: Norma-Infra-M, 2000. - 896 p.

9. About trade secrets: federal. Law of July 29, 2004 No. 98-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma July 9, 2004: approved by the Federation Council July 15, 2004]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2004/08/05/taina-doc.html.

10. About personal data: federal. Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma July 8, 2006: approved by the Federation Council July 14, 2006]. [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2006/07/29/personaljnye-dannye-dok.html

11. On information, information technologies and information protection: federation. Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma July 8, 2006: approved by the Federation Council July 14, 2006]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2006/07/29/informacia-dok.html.

12. List of confidential information: approved. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1997 No. 188. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_docs/doc_1_3_008.htm

13. Regulations on certification of informatization objects according to information security requirements: approved. Chairman of the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on November 25, 1994 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_razd/_ispo.htm.

14. Rules for classifying information constituting state secrets as various degrees secrecy: approved. by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 1995. No. 870 (as amended on January 15, May 22, 2008). [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://govportal.garant.ru:8081/SESSION/SungJswow/PILOT/main.html.

15. Technical protection of information. Basic terms and definitions: recommendations for standardization R 50.1.056-2005: approved. By Order of Rostechregulirovanie dated December 29, 2005 No. 479-st. - Enter. 2006-06-01. - M.: Standartinform, 2006. - 16 p.

16. Khorev A.A. Technical information protection: textbook. manual for university students. In 3 volumes. T. 1. Technical channels of information leakage. - M.: NPC "Analytics", 2008. - 436 p.

    The main forms of use of the RF Armed Forces.

    Purposes of use of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops.

    Basic principles of development military organization states.

    Factors determining the military-political situation.

    External threats to national security.

    Internal threats to national security.

    Cross-border threats to national security.

    Uncertainty factors in the field of construction and use of the RF Armed Forces.

    Priorities of Russian foreign policy.

    The main goals of the military policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage.

    Types of military conflicts and their brief characteristics.

    Expand the concept of “Military organization of the Russian Federation” and its main tasks.

    Composition of the military organization of the Russian Federation.

    Types and branches of the RF Armed Forces.

    What applies to conventional weapons?

    Nuclear weapons: - types of ammunition;

Damaging factors of nuclear weapons;

Distribution of nuclear weapons by nature of use.

17. Chemical weapons. Groups of chemical agents according to the nature of their effects on the body.

18. Biological weapons. Concept and brief description.

19. Expand the concepts: quarantine, observation.

20. Non-lethal weapons. A brief description of.

21. Promising types of weapons of mass destruction.

22. Expand the concept of “Mobilization preparation”.

23. Expand the concept of “Mobilization”.

24. Special health care units: concept, classification.

25. Management bodies of special healthcare units:

purpose and rights.

26. Management bodies of special healthcare units:

27. Rear healthcare hospitals: purpose.

28. State material reserve: concept, purpose.

29. Mobilization reserve: concept, procedure for its formation, requirements for the shelf life of material assets.

30. The procedure for inventorying material assets of the mobilization reserve.

31. Military registration: concept. Categories of citizens subject and not subject to military registration.

32. Types of rear hospitals, their tasks and organizational structure.

33. Military duty of citizens.

34. What is military service?

35. Objectives and organizational structure of observational health care centers in the Russian Federation.

    The main forms of use of the RF Armed Forces.

The main forms of use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops:

    strategic operations, operations and fighting in large-scale and regional wars;

    operations and combat operations - in local wars and international armed conflicts;

    joint special operations - in internal armed conflicts;

    counter-terrorism operations - when participating in the fight against terrorism in accordance with federal legislation;

    peacekeeping operations.

    Purposes of use of the Russian Armed Forces and other troops.

The purposes of the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other troops:

    in a large-scale (regional) war if it is unleashed by any state (group, coalition of states) - protecting the independence and sovereignty, territorial integrity of the Russian Federation and its allies, repelling aggression, defeating the aggressor, forcing him to cease hostilities on the terms , meeting the interests of the Russian Federation and its allies;

    in local wars and international armed conflicts - localizing a source of tension, creating preconditions for ending a war, armed conflict or forcing them to end in the early stages; neutralizing the aggressor and achieving a settlement on terms that meet the interests of the Russian Federation and its allies;

    in internal armed conflicts - the defeat and liquidation of illegal armed groups, the creation of conditions for a full-scale settlement of the conflict on the basis of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and federal legislation;

    in operations to maintain and restore peace - separation of warring parties, stabilization of the situation, ensuring conditions for a fair peaceful settlement.

    Basic principles of development of the military organization of the state.

Basic principles for the development of the military organization of the state:

    adequate consideration of the conclusions drawn from the analysis of the state and prospects for the development of the military-political situation;

    centralization of leadership;

    unity of command on a legal basis;

    the achieved compliance, within the economic capabilities of the country, with the level of combat and mobilization readiness, as well as the training of military command and control bodies and troops (forces), their structures, combat personnel and the number of reserves, reserves material resources and resources for the tasks of ensuring military security;

    unity of training and education;

    implementation of the rights and freedoms of military personnel, ensuring their social security, decent social status and standard of living.

    Factors determining the military-political situation.

The military-political situation is determined by the following main factors:

    reducing the risk of a large-scale war, including a nuclear one;

    formation and strengthening regional centers strength;

    strengthening of national, ethnic and religious extremism;

    activation of separatism;

    the spread of local wars and armed conflicts;

    intensifying regional arms race;

    proliferation of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;

    worsening information warfare.

    External threats to national security.

External threats include:

Deployment of groups of forces and means with the goal of a military attack on Russia or its allies;

Territorial claims against the Russian Federation, the threat of political or forceful separation of certain of its territories from Russia;

Implementation by states, organizations and movements of programs to create weapons of mass destruction;

Interference in the internal affairs of the Russian Federation by organizations supported by foreign states;

Demonstration of military force near the borders of Russia, holding exercises with provocative purposes;

The presence of hotbeds of armed conflicts near the borders of the Russian Federation or the borders of its allies that threaten their security;

Instability, weakness of state institutions in border countries;

A build-up of troop groups leading to a disruption of the existing balance of power near the borders of the Russian Federation or the borders of its allies and the sea waters adjacent to their territory;

Expansion of military blocs and alliances to the detriment of the military security of Russia or its allies;

The activities of international radical groups, the strengthening of the positions of Islamic extremism near Russian borders;

Deployment of foreign troops (without the consent of the Russian Federation and the sanction of the UN Security Council) into the territory of neighboring and friendly states of the Russian Federation;

Armed provocations, including attacks on military installations of the Russian Federation located on the territory of foreign states, as well as on objects and structures on the state border of the Russian Federation or the borders of its allies;

Actions that impede the operation of Russian state and military control systems, ensuring the functioning of strategic nuclear forces, warning of a missile attack, missile defense, control of outer space and ensuring the combat stability of troops;

Actions that impede Russia’s access to strategically important transport communications;

Discrimination, suppression of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation in foreign countries;

Proliferation of equipment, technologies and components used to make nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, as well as dual-use technologies that can be used to create weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery.

    Internal threats to national security.

Insider threats include:

Attempts to forcefully change the constitutional system and violate the territorial integrity of Russia;

Planning, preparation and implementation of actions to disrupt and disorganize the functioning of public authorities and management, attacks on state, national economic, military facilities, life support facilities and information infrastructure;

Creation, equipment, training and functioning of illegal armed groups;

Illegal distribution (trafficking) of weapons, ammunition, explosives, etc. on the territory of the Russian Federation;

Large-scale activities of organized crime that threaten political stability throughout the constituent entity of the Russian Federation;

Activities of separatist and radical religious-nationalist movements in the Russian Federation.

    Cross-border threats to national security.

To the concept cross-border threats include political, military-political or force threats to the interests and security of the Russian Federation, which combine the features of internal and external threats. Being internal in form of manifestation, in essence (sources of origin and stimulation, possible participants, etc.) are external.

Such threats include:

Creation, equipment, support and training on the territory of other states, armed formations and groups for the purpose of their transfer for operations on the territory of the Russian Federation or the territories of its allies;

Activities of subversive separatist, national or religious extremist groups directly or indirectly supported from abroad, aimed at undermining the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, creating a threat to the territorial integrity of the state and the security of its citizens;

Cross-border crime, including smuggling and other illegal activities on a scale that threatens the military-political security of the Russian Federation or stability on the territory of Russia’s allies;

Conducting information (information-technical, information-psychological, etc.) actions hostile towards the Russian Federation and its allies;

Activities of international terrorist organizations;

Drug trafficking activities that pose a threat to the transportation of drugs to the territory of the Russian Federation, or the use of Russian territory to transport drugs to other countries.

    Uncertainty factors in the field of construction and use of the RF Armed Forces.

Under factor of uncertainty refers to a situation, conflict or process of a political or military-political nature, the development of which can significantly change the geopolitical situation in a region that is a priority for Russia’s interests or create a direct threat to the security of the Russian Federation. The following are identified as uncertainty factors:

Reduced role of the UN Security Council, the formal and actual deprivation of its prerogatives to authorize the use of military force in the world. Expanding the practice of using military force for political or economic purposes on the basis of a national decision will significantly reduce the importance and effectiveness of political instruments for resolving crisis situations and will significantly lower the threshold for the use of the Armed Forces. This may require Russia to seriously adjust its military construction and deployment plans. Thus, the preservation of the UN Security Council's authority to authorize the use of military force in the world is considered as the most important instrument for maintaining international stability.

The possibility of returning nuclear weapons to the properties of a real military instrument. Attempts have been noted to return nuclear weapons to the spectrum of acceptable military instruments through the implementation of “breakthrough” scientific and technical developments in new types of nuclear weapons, turning nuclear weapons into relatively “clean” ones, the use of which does not have such significant negative consequences as the use of earlier types of nuclear weapons. weapons. Carrying out similar R&D in a number of countries and making political decisions on the possibility of their expanded financing are considered by the Russian Ministry of Defense as a factor that can seriously change global and regional stability. In fact, the question is raised about the possibility of targeted use of nuclear weapons in regional conflicts against military and civilian targets with the aim of destroying large groups of armed forces and civilian infrastructure. Lowering the threshold for the use of nuclear weapons at the operational-tactical and tactical levels, devaluing the importance of conventional armed forces and weapons, transforms the threat of using nuclear weapons from political to military-political. This will require Russia to restructure its command and control system and create a deterrent capability, perhaps not only through changes in nuclear policy, but also through readiness to implement asymmetric measures.

Possibility of enhancing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear technologies, and delivery vehicles. The expansion of the practice of using armed force without the sanction of the UN Security Council may provoke a greater demand for weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear weapons, among regional centers of power seeking to create an instrument of deterrence. In addition to the general destabilization of the international situation, this will also have a number of military-applied consequences. The emergence of the nuclear factor in the regional balance of forces on both sides will significantly change the nature of the armed struggle. For Russia, this process, if fully implemented, will create the problem of expanding measures to counter the threat of the development and use of weapons of mass destruction in regional conflicts, both at the political and at the military-technical level.

Prospects and direction of development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Currently, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) plays a vital role in ensuring regional stability in Central Asia and the western part of the Far Eastern region. In the event of further strengthening of the political and military-political potential of this structure, Russia will have a zone of peace and stability in the South-Eastern and Far Eastern directions, excluding the emergence of large-scale military threat, which Russia will have to confront alone. If there is a complete or partial renationalization of the security policy of the states in the region, Russia will be forced to consider the region as a potential source of ethnic conflicts, border disputes and general military-political instability. This can naturally make adjustments to Russian military planning, as well as to the principles of deploying groups of forces and assets of permanently ready units.

Possible directions for the development of the NATO enlargement process. In the event of NATO's transformation into a political organization with a historically formed military potential, the process of the Alliance's expansion to the east will remain within the framework of a political dialogue with Russia regarding the conditions for further interaction. In this dialogue, difficulties will inevitably arise related to the conditions for the integration of new member countries into the Alliance and their role in it, since Russia firmly advocates the absence of anti-Russian components not only in military planning, but also in the political declarations of the Alliance member countries. Otherwise, the partnership between Russia and NATO is devoid of functional meaning. However, if NATO remains as a military alliance with a predominantly offensive military doctrine, especially against the background of the weakening role of the UN Security Council in deciding on the use of force, this will require a radical restructuring of Russian military planning and the principles of building the Russian Armed Forces, including in the range of possible actions elements of a preventive strategy in the event of a threat to the Russian Federation. Moreover, such a restructuring will be required by the deployment of groups of foreign troops on the territory of states bordering Russia. A change in the Russian nuclear strategy and an increase in the importance of tactical nuclear weapons to ensure stability in the Western strategic direction are not excluded.

    Priorities of Russian foreign policy.

The Concept of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation defines the main priorities of our state’s foreign policy in solving global problems:

Formation of a new world order;

Strengthening international security;

Providing favorable foreign policy conditions for Russia in the field of international economic relations;

Respect and protection of human rights at the international level;

Information support of foreign policy activities.

    The main goals of the military policy of the Russian Federation at the present stage.

Based on the current situation and the fact that the highest priority of Russian state policy is to protect the interests of the individual, society and the state, it is necessary to outline the main goals of Russia’s military policy at the present stage.

1) Ensuring reliable security of the country, preserving and strengthening its sovereignty and territorial integrity, strong and authoritative positions in the world community, which best meet the interests of the Russian Federation as a great power, as one of the influential centers of the modern world and which are necessary for the growth of its political and economic , intellectual and spiritual potential.

2) Influencing global processes in order to form a stable, fair and democratic world order, built on generally accepted norms international law, including, first of all, the goals and principles of the UN Charter, on equal and partnership relations between states.

3) Creation of favorable external conditions for the progressive development of Russia, the rise of its economy, raising the standard of living of the population, successful implementation of democratic reforms, strengthening the foundations of the constitutional system, respect for human rights and freedoms.

4) Formation of a belt of stability along the perimeter of the Russian borders, assistance in eliminating existing and preventing the emergence of potential hotbeds of tension and conflict in the regions adjacent to the Russian Federation.

5) Searching for agreement and coinciding interests with foreign countries and interstate associations in the process of solving world security problems determined by the national priorities of Russia, building on this basis a system of partnerships and allies that improve the conditions and parameters of international interaction.

    Types of military conflicts and their brief characteristics.

Armed conflict. One of the forms of resolving political, national-ethnic, religious, territorial and other contradictions using means of armed struggle, in which the state (states) participating in hostilities do not go into a special state called war. In an armed conflict, the parties, as a rule, pursue private military-political goals.

An armed conflict may result from the escalation of an armed incident, a border conflict, an armed action and other armed clashes of a limited scale, during which means of armed struggle are used to resolve contradictions.

An armed conflict can be international in nature (involving two or more states) or internal in nature (involving armed confrontation within the territory of one state).

Local war. War between two or more states, limited by political purposes, in which military operations will be conducted, as a rule, within the borders of opposing states and primarily affect the interests of only these states (territorial, economic, political and others).

A local war can be waged by groups of troops (forces) deployed in the conflict area, with their possible strengthening through the transfer of additional forces and assets from other directions and the partial strategic deployment of armed forces.

Under certain conditions local wars could escalate into a regional or large-scale war.

Regional war. A war involving two or more states (groups of states) in the region by national or coalition armed forces with the use of both conventional and nuclear weapons in the territory limited by the boundaries of one region with the adjacent waters of oceans, seas, air and outer space, during in which the parties will pursue important military-political goals. To wage a regional war will require the full deployment of the armed forces and the economy, and high tension of all the forces of the participating states. If states possessing nuclear weapons or their allies participate in it, a regional war will be characterized by the threat of a transition to the use of nuclear weapons.

Large scale war. War between coalitions of states or the largest states of the world community. It may result from the escalation of an armed conflict, local or regional war by involving a significant number of states in them different regions peace. In a large-scale war, the parties will pursue radical military-political goals. It will require the mobilization of all available material resources and spiritual forces of the participating states.

    Expand the concept of “Military organization of the Russian Federation” and its main tasks.

The protection of Russia's national interests in the military sphere is decided first of all, military organization of the state, which represents the totality of state and military administration bodies, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as allocated parts of scientific and production complexes, the joint activities of which are aimed at ensuring defense and military security, protecting the vital interests of the state.

The main task of the military organization of the Russian Federation is to implement deterrence in the interests of preventing aggression of any scale, including the use of nuclear weapons against Russia and its allies.

    Composition of the military organization of the Russian Federation.

Organizationally, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of centralized military command and control bodies, associations, formations, military units, institutions and organizations, as well as military educational institutions, which are included in the types and branches of troops, the Logistics of the Armed Forces and troops that are not included in the types and branches of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Military authorities are intended to lead troops (forces) at various levels in both peacetime and wartime conditions. These include commands, headquarters, departments, departments and other permanently and temporarily created structures. To locate and operate control elements in combat conditions, control posts are deployed.

Associations- these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. The associations include the army, flotilla, military district - operational-strategic territorial combined arms association and fleet - naval association.

Military district is an operational-strategic territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions of various types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. A military district, as a rule, covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational-strategic formation of the Navy. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them.

Military Unit- an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Military units include all regiments, ships of ranks 1, 2 and 3, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons) and individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments.

TOinstitutions of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation These include such structures for supporting the life activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

To military educational institutions include: military academies, military universities and institutes, higher and secondary military schools, military faculties at civilian universities, Suvorov and Nakhimov schools, training and retraining courses for officers.

    Types and branches of the RF Armed Forces.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation:

The branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is like a component unit, distinguished by special weapons and intended to carry out the tasks assigned to them. The branches of the Armed Forces include: Ground Forces, Air Force (Air Force), Navy (Navy).

Ground Forces, Air Force and Navy. Each branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consists of branches of troops (forces); to comprehensively support the combat activities of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, they include special troops and logistics.

To the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation include: Space Forces. Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces. The branch of the armed forces is understood as part of the branch of the Armed Forces. distinguished by its main weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, nature of training and ability to perform specific combat missions in interaction with other branches of the military.

Special troops serve to support types and branches of troops and assist them in carrying out combat missions. These include: engineering troops, chemical troops, radio engineering troops, communications troops, automobile troops, road troops and a number of others.

    What applies to conventional weapons?

Regular weapons constitute all fire and strike weapons using artillery, aviation, small arms and engineer ammunition, conventional missiles, precision weapons, volumetric explosion (thermobaric) ammunition, incendiary ammunition and mixtures.

It should be emphasized that the term “conventional weapons” is relative, since the use of this type of weapon can result in massive casualties among the population. This is evidenced by the experience of wars and armed conflicts of the 20th century.

In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the combat potential of developed countries due to the quantitative and qualitative buildup of conventional weapons. Thus, having accumulated significant stocks of weapons of mass destruction, the United States and its allies increased weapons production conventional systems. Their destructive properties and combat effectiveness have increased sharply.

Fire and impact weapons include firearms (small arms, artillery, bombs, mines, grenades), jet and missile weapons.

Firearms - a weapon in which the energy of an explosive is used to eject a projectile (mine, bullet, other fillers). Firearms include artillery weapons (howitzers, cannons, mortars) and small arms (machine guns, machine guns, rifles and pistols).

Relatively new types of firearms, Ammunition with ready-made submunitions that found widespread use in military conflicts of the 20th century. In particular, we are talking about ball bombs, needle-filled ammunition and the more modern, fragmentation-beam projectile.

Ball Bombs contain up to 300 and. more metal or plastic balls with a diameter of 5-6 mm. During an explosion, the balls scatter at high speed in all directions and cause multiple injuries to soft tissues and internal organs, as well as fragmented bone fractures. During the aggression in Vietnam, the US military used ball bombs in cluster form (approximately 600 bombs per cluster).

Needle-filled ammunition contain from 5 to 12 thousand thin steel needles or arrows, which, when exploded and scattered, are bent in the shape of a hook and cause multiple severe wounds, most often leading to death. These ammunition can conditionally be classified as means of mass destruction, since when they explode, the range of dispersion of the destructive elements reaches 500 m with an affected area of ​​up to 70-80 hectares.

Beam fragmentation projectile with ready-made destructive elements, simultaneously throws out 1500 2 gram bullets, destroying all living things over an area of ​​3000-5000 m²

Jet weapons – ground, aviation and sea installations (10-45 barrels) for salvo fire with unguided rockets delivered to the target by the thrust of a jet engine (Grad, Buratino systems).

Missile weapons (in conventional equipment) - a system in which weapons are delivered to a target by missiles: a complex that includes a missile with a conventional launcher, a launcher, means of targeting the target, test and launch equipment, means that control the flight of the missile, vehicles, etc. devices.

The most effective type of conventional weapon is precision-guided weapon (HPT).

Accepted for precision weapons include various types of devices and means intended for applying “spot” remote strikes in automatic mode. The concept of high-tech weapons includes a complex of weapons (missiles, aerial bombs, landmines), their delivery systems (launchers, aircraft), guidance and navigation means. High accuracy (up to 10 m) and high charge power make it possible to strike well-protected objects and shelters. High-precision weapons are often called reconnaissance-strike systems (RUS) or reconnaissance-strike complexes (RUK).

Volumetric explosion ammunition (thermobaric ammunition)

Thermobaric ammunition – devices capable of producing detonating gas-air or air-fuel mixtures. As a result of the detonation of a gas-air or air-fuel mixture flowing into cracks, trenches, dugouts, military equipment, ventilation hatches and communication ropes of leaking engineering structures, buildings, protective structures and buried objects can be completely destroyed. Moreover, explosions in a confined space are highly effective not only in causing damage (destruction) to fortifications (protective) structures, but also in defeating enemy personnel and the population.

The named ammunition has the following damaging factors: shock wave, thermal and toxic effects.

Incendiary agents (mixtures)

Incendiary mixtures are pyrotechnics containing napalm (incendiary mixtures based on petroleum products with a combustion temperature of up to 1200 ° C), phosphorus (metalized incendiary mixtures - pyrogens, with a combustion temperature of up to 1600 ° C) or thermite (thermite mixtures with a combustion temperature of up to 2000 ° C ). They can be equipped with aerial bombs, mines, land mines, and flamethrowers. Incendiary mixtures were widely used during the Korean War (1950-1953) and American aggression in Vietnam (1964-1974). The damaging effect of incendiary mixtures is caused by thermal burns of the skin and mucous membranes, infrared radiation and poisoning by combustion products. The burning fire mixture can affect not only the skin, but also subcutaneous tissue, muscles and even bones: deep third- and fourth-degree burns occur in 70-75% of cases. Phosphorus burns can be complicated by poisoning of the body when phosphorus is absorbed through the burn surface. The impact of incendiary mixtures on the human body often causes combined lesions, leading to the development of shock, the occurrence of which is possible in more than 30% of those affected.

The unifying link for the considered destructive weapons is the presence of a single leading damaging factor - the ability to cause mechanical (wounds) and traumatic injuries to people.

    Nuclear weapons: - types of ammunition;

- damaging factors of nuclear weapons;

- distribution of nuclear weapons by nature of use.

Nuclear weapon – ammunition, the destructive effect of which is based on the use of intranuclear energy released during explosive nuclear reactions (fission, fusion, fission and fusion simultaneously).

Distinguish atomic, thermonuclear and neutron ammunition. Depending on the power of the ammunition(nuclear explosion energy in TNT equivalent (kilotons, megatons)), are distinguished: ultra-small (up to 1 kt), small (1-10 kt), medium (10-100 kt), large (100 kt-1 mt) and super-large (over 1 mt) nuclear weapons.

By the nature of the use of nuclear weapons allocate : ground, underground, underwater, surface, air and high-altitude explosions.

The damaging factors of the reference ground explosion include (Film No. 2/2 ORP): light radiation(30-35% of the energy of a nuclear explosion is used for formation), shock wave (50%), penetrating radiation (5%:), radioactive contamination of the area and air,electromagnetic pulse, as well as a psychological factor, i.e. moral impact of a nuclear explosion on personnel.

Information security is the protection of information from accidental or intentional impacts of a natural or artificial nature that could cause damage to its owner or user.

Basic principles of information security

1. Data integrity- a property according to which information retains its content and structure during its transmission and storage. Only a user with access rights can create, destroy or change data.

2. Confidentiality— a property that indicates the need to limit access to specific information for a designated circle of persons. Thus, confidentiality ensures that during the transfer of data, it can only be known to authorized users

3. Availability of information— this property characterizes the ability to provide timely and unhindered access to the required information by full users.

4. Credibility– this principle is expressed in the strict attribution of information to the subject who is its source or from whom it was received.

The task of providing information security implies the implementation of multifaceted and comprehensive measures to prevent and monitor unauthorized access by unauthorized persons, as well as actions to prevent misuse, damage, distortion, copying, blocking of information.

Information security issues become a priority in cases where a failure or error in a particular computer system can lead to serious consequences.

Types of information security threats

A threat to information security is generally understood as potentially possible actions, phenomena or processes that could have an undesirable impact on the system or the information stored in it.

Such threats, affecting resources, can lead to data corruption, copying, unauthorized distribution, restriction or blocking of access to them. At present, enough is known a large number of threats that are classified according to various criteria.

According to the nature of occurrence they distinguish natural And artificial threats. The first group includes those caused by the impact of objective physical processes or natural disasters on the computer system. natural phenomena. The second group is those threats that are caused by human activity.

According to the degree of intentionality of manifestation , threats are divided into random And deliberate.

There is also a division in depending on their direct source, which can be the natural environment (for example, natural disasters), person (disclosure of confidential data), software and hardware: authorized (operation error operating system) and unauthorized (infecting the system with viruses).

The source of threats may have different positions. Depending on this factor, they also distinguish three groups:

— Threats whose source is outside the controlled group of the computer system (example - interception of data transmitted over communication channels)

— Threats, the source of which is within the controlled area of ​​the system (this may be theft of storage media)

— Threats located directly in the system itself (for example, incorrect use of resources).

Threats can affect a computer system in different ways. It can be passive influences, the implementation of which does not entail changing the data structure (for example, copying). Active threats- these are those that, on the contrary, change the structure and content of the computer system (the introduction of special programs).

According to threat division by stages of user or program access to system resources There are dangers that appear at the stage of access to the computer and are detectable after access is granted (unauthorized use of resources).

Classification by location in the system implies a division into three groups: threats to access information located on external storage devices, random access memory and to the one that circulates in communication lines.

Threats can use a direct standard path to resources using illegally obtained passwords or through the misuse of legitimate user terminals, or they can “bypass” existing security measures in other ways.

Actions such as information theft are classified as threats that occur regardless of system activity. And, for example, the spread of viruses can be detected solely during data processing.

Random, or unintentional These are threats that are not related to the actions of attackers. The mechanism of their implementation has been studied quite well, so there are developed countermeasures.

Accidents and natural disasters pose a particular danger to computer systems, since they entail the most negative consequences. Due to the physical destruction of systems, information becomes inaccessible or lost. In addition, it is impossible to completely avoid or prevent failures and failures in complex systems, as a result of which, as a rule, the information stored on them is distorted or destroyed, and the algorithm of operation of technical devices is disrupted.

Errors that may be made during the development of a computer system, including incorrect operating algorithms and incorrect software, can lead to consequences that are similar to those that occur during a failure and failure to operate technical means. Moreover, such errors can be used by attackers to impact system resources.

User errors lead to weakened information security in 65% of cases. Incompetent, negligent or inattentive performance functional responsibilities employees at enterprises leads to the destruction, violation of the integrity and confidentiality of information.

Also distinguished deliberate threats, which are associated with the targeted actions of the offender. Studying this class is difficult, since it is very dynamic and is constantly updated with new types of threats.

To penetrate a computer system for the purpose of further theft or destruction of information, methods and means of espionage such as wiretapping, theft of programs, security attributes, documents and storage media, visual surveillance and others are used.

In case of unauthorized access to data, standard hardware and software of computer systems are usually used, as a result of which the established rules restricting access of users or processes to information resources. The most common violations are the interception of passwords (performed using specially developed programs), performing any actions under the name of another person, as well as the use by an attacker of the privileges of legitimate users.

Special malware

– "computer viruses"- These are small programs that can spread independently after being introduced into a computer by creating copies of themselves. Under certain conditions, viruses have negative impact on the system;

– "worms"– utilities that are activated every time the computer boots. They have the ability to move within a system or network and reproduce in a similar way to viruses. An avalanche-like proliferation of programs leads to overload of communication channels, memory, and then to blocking of work;

– "Trojan horses"- such programs are “hidden” under the guise of a useful application, but in fact they harm the computer: they destroy the software, copy and send files with confidential information to the attacker, etc.

ABSTRACT

Discipline: Political Science

Topic: Main threats to Russian security



Introduction

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction


The security of the Russian Federation is a state of protection of the vital interests of its citizens, society and the state from internal and external threats.

By security threats we mean potential threats to the political, social, economic, military, environmental and other, including spiritual and intellectual values ​​of the nation and the State. Security threats are closely related to the national interests of the country, including outside its territory. In each specific case, their elimination requires special forms and methods of activity of the State: the use of appropriate special bodies, forces and means of the state.

The main security objects include:

personality - its rights and freedoms; society - its material and spiritual values;

the state - its constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial integrity

A threat to the security of the Russian Federation is a set of conditions and factors that create a danger to the vital interests of the individual, society and the state.

The real and potential threat to security objects emanating from internal and external sources determines the content of activities to ensure internal and external security, depending on the spheres of life of society and the state to which security threats are directed. they can be divided into political (threats to the existing constitutional order), economic, military, informational, man-made, environmental and others.

threat security economic russia

1. Security threats: external, internal, cross-border


Today there are several types of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation: external, internal and cross-border. External threats include the deployment of groups of armed forces and assets near the borders of the Russian Federation and its allies, territorial claims against the Russian Federation, threats of secession of certain territories from the Russian Federation; interference in the internal affairs of R.F. from foreign countries; build-up of troop groups leading to a disruption of the existing balance of power near the borders of the Russian Federation; armed provocations, including attacks on Russian military facilities located on the territory of foreign states, as well as on facilities and structures on the State Border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies; actions that impede Russia’s access to strategically important transport communications; discrimination, non-compliance with the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation in some foreign countries

The main external threats to national security are:

.the decline of Russia’s role in the global economy due to the targeted actions of individual states and interstate associations, for example the UN, OSCE;

2.reduction of economic and political influence on processes occurring in the global economy;

.increasing the scale and influence of international military and political associations, including NATO;

.emerging trends towards the deployment of military forces of foreign states near the borders of Russia;

.the widespread proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the world;

.weakening of the processes of integration and establishment of economic ties between Russia and the CIS countries;

.creating conditions for the formation and emergence of military armed conflicts near the state borders of Russia and the CIS countries;

.territorial expansion in relation to Russia, for example, from Japan and China;

.international terrorism;

.weakening of Russia's position in the field of information and telecommunications. This is manifested in a decrease in Russia’s influence on international information flows and the development by a number of states of information expansion technologies that can be applied to Russia;

.a sharp decline in the country's military and defense potential, which does not allow it, if necessary, to repel a military attack, which is associated with a systemic crisis in the country's defense complex.

.intensification of the activities of foreign organizations engaged in reconnaissance and collection of strategic information on Russian territory;

Experts include internal threats as follows: attempts to forcibly change the constitutional system and violate the territorial integrity of Russia; planning, preparation and implementation of actions to disrupt and disorganize the functioning of public authorities and management, attacks on state, economic and military facilities, life support facilities and information infrastructure; creation, equipment, training and activities of illegal armed groups; illegal distribution of weapons, ammunition and explosives on the territory of the Russian Federation; large-scale organized crime activities that threaten political stability in some regions of the Russian Federation. Activities of separatist and radical religious national movements.

The main internal threats to national economic security are:

1.increasing the degree of differentiation in living standards and incomes of the population. The formation of a small group of the rich population (oligarchs) and a large part of the poor population creates a situation of social tension in society, which can ultimately lead to serious socio-economic upheavals;

2.deformation of the sectoral structure of the national economy. The orientation of the economy towards the extraction of mineral resources creates serious structural changes;

.increasing uneven economic development of regions. The sharp difference in the level of socio-economic development of regions destroys existing connections between them and impedes interregional integration;

.criminalization of Russian society. In society, there has been a sharp increase in the tendency to obtain unearned income through direct robbery and seizure of property, which negatively affects the overall stability and sustainability of the national economy. Of great importance is the total penetration of criminal structures into the state apparatus and industry and the emerging trend of merging between them;

.a sharp decline in Russia's scientific and technical potential. The basis of economic growth - scientific and technological potential - has been practically lost over the past decade, due to a reduction in investment in priority scientific and technical research and development, the mass departure of leading scientists from the country, the destruction of knowledge-intensive industries, and increased scientific and technological dependence;

.strengthening the isolation and desire for independence of the subjects of the Federation. Russia has significant territories that function within the framework of a federal structure;

.increased interethnic and interethnic tension, which creates real conditions for the emergence of internal conflicts on ethnic grounds;

.widespread violation of a single legal space, leading to legal nihilism and non-compliance with legislation;

.a decrease in the physical health of the population, leading to degradation due to the crisis of the healthcare system;

.a demographic crisis associated with a stable tendency for the overall mortality rate of the population to prevail over the birth rate.

Taken together, domestic threats to national security are closely intertwined and interconnected.

The environmental situation in the world is characterized by negative trends. Its characteristic features are the depletion of natural resources, the periodic occurrence of vast zones of environmental disasters and disasters, and the degradation of renewable natural resources. Most countries are characterized by the use of environmentally imperfect technologies in industry, agriculture, energy, and transport. A real threat to Russia’s interests is the tendency to use its territory to dispose of hazardous waste from the chemical and nuclear industries of developed European countries.

Negative trends in the global social sphere are growing. There is an increase in the proportion of sick, disabled people, people suffering from hunger and malnutrition, and drinking poor-quality water. The proportion of illiterate and unemployed people remains high (according to the official unemployment rate, Russia is still one of the most prosperous countries, ranking approximately 7th in the world). However, according to the classification of the International Labor Organization, there are more than 5 million unemployed in Russia. Approximately the same number of people work part-time or are on forced leave, and the level of material security for the population is declining. Migration processes are expanding to alarming proportions. Indicators of physical and mental development of people are deteriorating.

The threat to the physical health of the nation is manifested in the crisis state of the health care and social protection systems. There is widespread alcoholization of the population. Consumption of recorded and unrecorded alcohol per capita in terms of pure alcohol ranges from 11 to 14 liters, while the situation is assessed as dangerous at an indicator of 8 liters

Transboundary threats are manifested in the following:

Creation, equipment and training of armed formations and groups on the territory of other states for the purpose of their transfer for operations on Russian territory;

The activities of subversive separatist, national or religious extremist groups supported from abroad, aimed at undermining the constitutional order of Russia, creating a threat to its territorial integrity and the security of its citizens. Cross-border crime, including smuggling and other illegal activities on an alarming scale;

Drug trafficking activities that create a threat of drug penetration into Russian territory or the use of its territory for the transit of drugs to other countries;

Activities of international terrorist organizations.

Terrorism, having a very complex content, affects the national security of the country at all its levels - interstate, state, interethnic, national, class and group. In addition, domestic and international terrorism disrupts a nation's ability to self-preserve, self-reproduce and self-develop.

Domestic and international terrorism pose a threat of a similar nature. In general, the border between these types of terrorism is so fluid (according to most scientists, Act of terrorism committed in Russia are manifestations of international terrorism) that a clear separation of threats from them, as the author sees it, is very difficult.

Terrorism poses a threat to the country’s interests in the social sphere, which consist in ensuring high level life of the people. Destroying the economic and political system life of society, terrorism prevents the achievement of the highest value of society, which lies in its own well-being.

Terrorism violates the main inalienable right of every person - the right to life. The result of two Chechen wars and the activities of all pro- and anti-Russian administrations - a full-scale humanitarian catastrophe. Over the 12 years of the anti-terrorist war in the Chechen Republic, the total losses amounted to about 45 thousand people. Over half a million residents of Chechnya and surrounding areas were forced to leave their homes

The process of identifying sources of hazards and threats requires a clear understanding of their general and specific characteristics. Sources of danger to the security of the state are found in various spheres of society. It seems that the most significant of them are hidden in the areas political relations states, classes, social groups of society; economic relations; spiritual-ideological, ethno-national and religious, as well as in the environmental sphere and the sphere of information security, etc.

2. Threats to national economic security


Economic threats lie in economic relations, in economic categories - changes in exchange rates, interest rates, prices, violations of contractual obligations, etc. The objects of economic threats are the economies of entire countries, regions, industries, individual economic systems, enterprises, population groups, families, or more precisely - family budgets(households - in Western terminology) as economic systems of the lower hierarchical level. Thus, economic threats are threats economic systems, generated economic relations and phenomena. However, the root causes of economic threats usually lie not in the economy itself, but in other areas

In the economic sphere, the threats are complex in nature and are caused primarily by a significant reduction in gross domestic product, a decrease in investment, innovation activity and scientific and technical potential, stagnation of the agricultural sector, imbalance of the banking system, growth of public debt, a tendency towards the predominance of fuel and raw materials in export supplies. energy components, and in imported supplies - food and consumer goods, including essential items. The weakening of the country's scientific, technical and technological potential, the reduction of research in strategically important areas of scientific and technological development, the outflow of specialists and intellectual property abroad threaten Russia with the loss of its leading positions in the world, the degradation of high-tech industries, increased external technological dependence and the undermining of Russia's defense capability

Disorganization of the national economy - up to its bankruptcy (as a result of targeted and large-scale speculation in the market valuable papers or massive presentation of payment demands that the Russian Federation, as a debtor country, will not be able to fulfill, followed by the seizure of foreign property and the freezing of bank accounts, etc. negative consequences).

Economic blockade, or “soft embargo” (in the form of intense, targeted competition).

Food vulnerability. Russia risks crossing the “red” line in food imports: the critical level for the country’s food independence is about 30%, while in a number of industrial areas the share of foreign food is up to 60%. This scenario is accompanied by the problem of biological degradation of the population due to the consistent deterioration of the nutritional structure and the quality of consumer products.

There is not only the possibility of degradation of the Russian economy to the level of a natural resource enclave of the world economy, but also the possible prospect of a gradual withdrawal of the country from the world trade in resources.

The threat of criminalization of society is the loss of state control over economic and financial activities.

According to some estimates, criminal groups in one form or another control 20-30% of commercial and banking structures. A manifestation of this threat is large-scale corruption in all echelons of power.


3. Principles of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation


The basic principles of safety are:

legality;

maintaining a balance of vital interests of the individual, society and the state;

mutual responsibility of the individual, society and the state to ensure security;

integration with international security systems.

Respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens while ensuring the security of the Russian Federation

When ensuring the security of the Russian Federation, restrictions on the rights and freedoms of citizens are not allowed, except in cases expressly provided for by law.

Citizens, public and other organizations and associations have the right to receive explanations regarding restrictions on their rights and freedoms from security agencies. Upon their request, such clarifications are given in writing in established by law deadlines.

Officials who exceed their powers in the course of security activities are liable in accordance with the law


4. Basic functions of the security system


The security system is formed by the legislative, executive and judicial authorities, state, public and other organizations and associations, citizens taking part in ensuring security in accordance with the law, as well as legislation regulating relations in the field of security.

The main functions of the security system are:

identifying and forecasting internal and external threats to the vital interests of security facilities, implementing a set of operational and long-term measures to prevent and neutralize them;

creation and maintenance of security forces and means;

management of security forces and means in everyday conditions and in emergency situations;

implementation of a system of measures to restore the normal functioning of facilities without

dangers in regions affected by the emergency;

participation in security activities outside the Russian Federation in accordance with international treaties and agreements concluded or recognized by the Russian Federation

Forces and means of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation

The forces and means of ensuring the security of the Russian Federation are created and developed in accordance with decisions of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, decrees of the President of Russia, short-term and long-term federal security programs.

Security forces include:

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, federal security agencies, internal affairs agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, ensuring the security of legislative, executive, judicial authorities and their senior officials, tax service;

response services emergency situations, civil defense formations of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;

border troops of the Federal Border Guard Service, internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

bodies ensuring safe work in industry, energy, transport and agriculture;

communications and information security services, customs, environmental authorities, public health authorities and others government bodies security

Conclusion


Ensuring national security at a sufficient level necessitates constant monitoring of external and internal threats, and therefore their list is constantly changing depending on specific political, social, legal and economic conditions.

In modern conditions, both domestic and foreign policy successes of countries are determined not only by their military and economic power, but also by their success in establishing actual control over basic information and cultural processes. Gap in the area information technologies is becoming a serious global security threat. because it creates real opportunities to exploit the intellectual potential of other countries for their own purposes, to disseminate and introduce their ideological values, their culture and language, to slow down the spiritual and cultural development of the rest of the world, to transform and even undermine its spiritual and moral foundations. Instead of “hot” wars, information warfare methods have increasingly begun to be used to achieve their political goals.

The international security system created after the end of World War II did not initially provide for measures to counter such threats, therefore one of the main tasks facing humanity is to erect a strong barrier to such dangerous phenomena.

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