How to make internal hinges for a door. Hinges for basement hatch

Every home craftsman should know how to install hinges on a door. High-quality functioning directly depends on the correct installation of these small parts. interior designs.

Many of us, when choosing, don’t even think about the enormous importance of hinges for such structures. We are sure that design is much more important door leaf and the reliability of the purchased box, and everything else is trifles. This approach to choosing a door is incorrect. A canvas without well-chosen awnings will be just a blank. There's no point in it. Only after installing the hinges does the door turn into a functional structure.

Loops for interior doors

There are five types door awnings, which are most often used these days. Before you install hinges on an interior door with your own hands, you need to understand their design. The specifics of the latter determine the features of the installation of canopies. Below are the common types of loops:

Card (otherwise called straight). The simplest canopies, equipped with special plates on the sides.
Angular. In essence, they are the same card loops, from which they differ only in the shape of the (corner) plates. Such canopies are usually placed on interior doors of a pendulum design.
Hidden. Hinges mounted on expensive products. Hidden awnings have a special hinge that is recessed into the door leaf.
Screw-in. Such products do not have plates. Instead, there are pins on the rotating axis. Roll-in awnings are ideal for lightweight canvases.
Italian. They have a hinge with a special design. Such hinges are usually mounted on doors made in Europe.

Canopies for interior structures are also divided into universal, left- and right-handed. The first of these can be placed on any side of the canvas. According to the installation method, hinges are divided into mortise (they form a single surface with the door, as they are mounted in recesses prepared in advance), overhead (placed directly on top of the door). door design) and screw-in (they are screwed in using pins).

We begin to figure out how to properly install the attachments we are interested in different types. The very first step is marking the door leaf. You need to step back from the top and bottom of the door by 0.2 m and mark the starting lines (use a simple pencil). After this, apply the hinges to the marks made (be sure to take into account the direction in which the door structure will open), trace their outline. And then put the appropriate marks at the attachment points.

Fitting and installation of hinges

At this stage, you should carefully examine the condition of the canvas. The areas where the awnings will be installed should not have any defects, in particular knots or cracks. If during installation you begin to screw fasteners into problem areas, there is a high probability that the door will split or warp. If defects are found in the marked area, re-mark so that the attachment points for the canopies are a couple of centimeters away from cracks and knots.

Now you can collect door block and mark the mounting points for the hinges on the box. In this case, it is necessary to maintain small (literally 2–3 mm) gaps between the door leaf and the door frame. This procedure is easiest to perform before the door structure is mounted in its proper place. If you have already installed the door, secure it (as tightly as possible) with wooden wedges in the opening.

When the weight of the interior door is large enough, you need to hang it not on two, but on three hinges. The latter should not be embedded in the middle of the canvas, as many believe, but with some offset towards the canopy located on top. In this case, you will be able to correctly adjust the load that affects the fittings used. A third hinge must be installed if the door has dimensions larger than standard (50 mm thickness, 200 cm height, 80 cm width).

Card type hinges (corner and simple) are very easy to install. Moreover, this operation can be performed in two ways. The first is suitable for awnings, the two parts of which are characterized by different shapes. Hinges of this type fit one into another when closing the interior door. Due to this, they are installed directly on the surface of the canvas.

Card type loop

To install such canopies you will need and electric drill. There are two nuances here:

If the loops are placed on heavy door, you definitely need to drill holes in it in advance, only after that you can start screwing in the screws.
Hardware can be screwed in immediately, without first making holes for them, if you are dealing with lightweight structures made of plastic or wood fiber material.

The second installation method involves slightly recessing the awnings into the door. In this case, when closing, they will never stop the canvas (when using the first installation method, this situation arises quite often).

It is recommended to make the notches for the hinges with a regular chisel. Simply use it to cut off the material on the opening and on the door itself to the depth of the canopy being installed. And then attach the latter to the area where it is installed and secure it with fasteners. Corner products should be mounted and secured in the same way. Place one half of them on the end of the door leaf, the second - on the door.

Modern models of interior doors, as a rule, are equipped with higher quality and innovative fittings. Such structures need to be mounted on hidden canopies. Such hinges are much easier to care for; they rarely need repairs, as they differ high level operational reliability. And a purely externally installed covert canopy makes the appearance of the door more attractive, without burdening the door with clearly visible hanging elements.

Hidden loop example

For correct installation hidden loops An electric router is a must. Without it, you will not be able to perform the operation yourself. The installation itself, if such a tool is available, is carried out according to the following scheme:

Mark the attachment points of the canopies according to the algorithm described in detail above.
Use an electric router to cut out the recesses for the hinges. And then you further process these areas with a chisel.
Are you sorting it out? hidden canopy into two parts. There is very important point. The loop elements have different geometric dimensions. You need to install in door frame a part with large parameters, and a smaller part into the canvas. And nothing else!
Pin it most mechanism using self-tapping screws.
Connect the mounted elements into a single structure and, with some force, but very carefully, tighten the fastening screw.

Screw-in type canopies are most often used for installing enclosed interior structures. It is very easy to distinguish such loops from ordinary card loops. The former have special threaded pins on the sides. It is they who allow the installation of canopies. Let us repeat that screw-in products cannot be placed on doors that are heavy. Italian awnings are mounted similarly to standard card awnings. But with one peculiarity. They are placed at the bottom and top of the door leaf, and not at the ends, as is the case with card products. We hope that now you can install hinges of any type on your interior door structures without the help of specialists. Good luck!

Peter Kravets

Reading time: 4 minutes

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A hatch from the inside of the house closes the descent into basement, underground or cellar. The lid is hidden under the floor covering in the room, finishing with the same materials as throughout the house.

The device operates quite simply and reliably if all structural elements are installed correctly.

Arranging loops is one of the important stages installation The strength of the mechanism and the smooth opening of the lid depend on their stable operation.

Definition of a door hinge and its purpose

A hinge is a mechanism that ensures the opening of any hatch, door, frame or other plane relative to a fixed part. In addition to opening, the hinge holds the entire mass of the leaf and attaches it to the door or window opening.

To be effective, the mechanism must provide:

Reliable and strong connection with a box is necessary due to the large weight of the lid or door. Hinges are usually made of steel or metal alloys, which are highly durable;
Quality rotary mechanism, which is achieved due to minimal play between the moving elements of the structure. This will ensure that there is no jamming;
Accessibility during maintenance, for which holes are made in the hinges for lubrication with oils;
Easy installation due to countersunk screw heads. This reduces the load on the mechanism when closing;
The aesthetic appeal of hinges galvanized in bronze, copper or nickel. In addition, this is additional protection against corrosion.

Types of loops

Several options for the hinge mechanism are possible:

Overhead loops.

The peculiarity of this type of hinge is that it is attached not to the end, but to the visible plane of the turning blade. As a rule, these awnings are made unusual shape with a pattern or imitation of forged elements.

Mortise design

Under the hinges, a sample is installed, the thickness of the sash. This type is used most often because it is reliable and easy to install. Simple design Such hinges are easily disassembled and make it possible to dismantle the rotating blade.

Hidden door hinges

A hidden loop of this type is absolutely invisible when the device is closed. This is quite difficult to do structurally, which increases the cost, but looks better from a decorative point of view.

Screw-in type hinges

One of the parts of the loop is attached to the platband or fixed part, and the other is attached to the end of the rotating part. The door should not be installed flush with the frame. Such mechanisms can be adjusted, although there are also non-adjustable designs.

Bar hinge design.

The design is distinguished by opening in both directions. This becomes possible thanks to the hinged arrangement of the mechanism. It is supplemented with springs, which return the spring wings to their original state.

Loops for

Non-standard option loops How to make a basement hatch invisible? Make a secret hatch. This is quite possible if the lid is trimmed with material flooring, matching the finishing pattern.

In order for the stroke to be indistinguishable, all gaps must be removed. The lid should open easily, and if there is no gap, the side surfaces will get caught. There is a special loop for the pantograph.

Door hinges provide fastening of the canvas to the frame and with their help the door is opened and closed. Exists big choice such fittings, but hidden ones are very popular. They provide smooth and silent opening of the canvas. In addition, such designs behind closed doors are not visible from the outside, have a long service life and are affordable. Some models of hidden hinges allow doors to open 180°, which makes moving large items much easier.

Installation of hidden door hinges

For smooth and easy opening of doors, the hinges must be correctly selected and installed. Secret or hidden hinges are popular. To install them, special holes are made in the door frame and leaf, and when the door is closed, such canopies are not visible.

According to regulations, door hinges, including hidden ones, must provide the following characteristics:

free opening and closing of the door leaf;
reliable fixation of the door and frame during operation;
safety, they should not allow spontaneous separation of the leaf from the door frame;
possibility of fixing the blade in extreme positions;
high-quality performance of functions during the warranty period.

Hidden hinges from well-known manufacturers have high strength, so they can withstand up to 200,000 operating cycles.

To create hidden hinges installed on interior doors, an alloy of four metals called tsamak is usually used. It contains magnesium, aluminum, zinc and copper. Tsamak has good fluidity at a low melting point, so high-temperature furnaces are not required to organize production. It has sufficient strength and a smooth surface.

To give finished hinges an attractive appearance, a nickel, chrome or brass coating is used, which can be glossy or matte.

Hidden door hinges do not spoil appearance door leaf, since in its closed position they are not visible

If we talk about the design of hidden hinges, it will be more complicated than that of overhead or mortise models.

The invisibility loop includes the following elements:

metal case;
hinge, it hides in the hinge body;
lever, this element consists of two parts, which are fastened together by a steel movable axis, and ensures the connection of the hinge and the blade;
anti-friction bushings, they serve to improve sliding.

The hidden hinge consists of the following main elements: a central rotary (1) and two fixed axes (3), a lever (2)

Before purchasing hidden hinges, you need to decide on the direction in which the door will open. There are left-handed and right-handed products, as well as universal ones. The latter can be installed on any side of the box.

In addition, there is a division of hidden hinges into unregulated and adjustable. It is clear that the cost of the latter will be higher. Speaking of materials door frame and the doors in which such hinges are installed are wood, aluminum or steel.

To provide maximum term Service experts recommend installing three hidden hinges, especially for heavy door panels.

Depending on the load the hidden hinges are designed for, their sizes will differ. For interior doors, it is enough to install parts that can withstand a load of 40–50 kg. Weight entrance doors can reach up to 200 kg, so more powerful models will be needed here.

Although universal hinges are more convenient to install, they are less reliable. Experts recommend choosing hidden hinges taking into account the opening of the canvas.

Left and right door hinges are more reliable, but universal models can also be purchased

These models appeared relatively recently. Since the hinge and the closer are combined in one mechanism, there is no need to additionally install a shock-absorbing device. Externally, such products are practically no different from traditional ones. They may have larger size, and the main difference lies in the design.

A hinge with a closer has a built-in shock-absorbing mechanism, the main working element of which is a spring. When the door leaf is opened, it stretches, and when released, it begins to shrink. Thanks to this, the sash returns to its original closed position.

In order for the door to close smoothly, an oil shock absorber is used. In this case, the spring is placed in a cylinder. It has a system of valves through which oil moves from one chamber to another. When opening a door, the process occurs in one direction, and when closing it, in the opposite direction. The spring is in a viscous medium, so the compression rate decreases. This allows the door leaf to close more slowly and softly and avoid hitting the frame.

The closer spring, placed in a cylinder with oil, ensures smooth closing of the door

When choosing hidden hinges with a closer, you must take into account that they cannot be installed on all types of doors. Such models cannot be used for heavy products, since the hinges will not be able to perform their functions normally and will quickly fail.

The number of hinges will depend on the weight of the door leaf:

for a sash weighing 40–50 kg, experts recommend installing two hidden hinges with a closer;
for doors weighing from 50 to 90 kg, it is necessary to install three canopies;
For fabrics weighing more than 100–120 kg, it is not recommended to use such loops; it is better to install a powerful closer separately.

Another disadvantage is that the door block must be positioned with a slight deviation from the vertical. This is necessary to facilitate the operation of the parts mechanism. In each case, the angle is determined individually. If you make the slope large, then the door will close on its own even without a closer. At a small angle of the blade, the operation of the mechanism becomes more complicated, and it fails faster.

Due to the presence of a built-in shock-absorbing mechanism, such hinges have a number of advantages:

no impacts of the canvas on the box, which prolongs the service life, and if there are children in the house, then the presence of a door closer will minimize the risk of injury;
there is no need to hold the door when closing;
no drafts.

Advantages and disadvantages of hidden door hinges

At first, hidden hinges were installed only on entrance doors, this is due to their high burglary resistance. Now many people have begun to install such canopies on interior ones, and they are guided by the following advantages of hidden hinges:

Attractiveness. Such hinges do not spoil the appearance of the door leaf, so they can be installed on almost all types of doors, including products with an “invisible” frame.
High reliability. A pair of hidden hinges can support a door leaf weighing 50 kg, while conventional ones are designed for a leaf weight of 30 kg.
Comfort. They can be adjusted according to three directions: vertically, horizontally and along the clamp. This can be done both during installation and during operation. This adjustment is important for new buildings, since after some time the house may shrink, which is why the doors begin to close poorly. Some models of hidden hinges allow you to open the door 180 o.
Long service life.
Versatility. Such hinges can be mounted on panels made of wood and metal, as well as synthetic materials. Most manufacturers include such accessories in their range.

Despite a large number of advantages, hidden loops also have disadvantages:

High cost of fittings.
The risk of deformation of the door frame when trying to suddenly open the doors due to the presence of levers.
Low strength of the door structure due to the creation of holes in the frame and door leaf for the installation of such hinges.
The width of the rebate at the entrance door on the hinge side is reduced, so the sealing of the gaps is worse.
The installation of the platband is difficult, since when the door is opened, the door leaf rests against it.

What to look for when choosing hidden door hinges

When choosing such products, you should pay attention not only to their cost, but also to their performance characteristics.

It is better to buy fittings from trusted manufacturers such as AGB, Armadillo, Krona Koblenz and others. There is no need to try to save money by buying loops of dubious origin. Door hinges must ensure not only smooth and easy opening of the door, but also reliable fixation to the frame.

The Italian company AGB is renowned manufacturer hidden loops

There are no specific instructions for choosing the right hidden loops. To purchase accessories that meet your requirements, it is enough to determine the following parameters:

Door opening side. There are right and left loops. You can buy universal models, but their strength is lower.
Loop size. To do this, you need to decide on the weight of the canvas. If it is 15–25 kg, then hinges 7–8 cm long are sufficient, and when the door weight is 25–40 kg, then canopies 10 cm long must be installed.
Number of loops. This indicator also depends on the weight of the door leaf. For lightweight structures, it is enough to install two hinges. If the canvas is heavy, then 3-4 canopies will be needed.
Material. For heavy entrance doors, you need to purchase hinges made of steel or brass. They are more durable, but also expensive. For interior structures, you can use hinges made of tsamak alloy. Their strength is sufficient for reliable fixation interior paintings, and the cost of such fittings is less than that of steel or brass.

Features of installing hidden hinges

To install hidden hinges with your own hands you will need:

measuring instruments;
pencil;
electric drill with cutter attachment or hand router;
screwdriver;
building level;
chisel;
hammer.

It will not be possible to install hidden hinges without a router or drill with a milling attachment.

Installing hidden hinges on wooden doors

The installation process of such parts consists of the following steps:

Marking the door leaf. At 20–25 cm from the top and bottom edges, mark the places for the loops and outline their contours. If you need to install a third canopy, then it should be located exactly in the middle between the other two. There should be two contours: the inner one for the loop, and the outer one for the lining.
Place a loop on the marked place and trace its contours
Marking the door frame. The canvas is inserted into the box, the position is adjusted using pegs and fixed. Opposite the marks for the hinges on the canvas indicate the locations for the holes on the box. After this, remove the sash, attach loops to the box in the marked places and trace their contours.
If the door frame has not yet been installed, then it will be much easier to transfer the marking of places for hinges from the door leaf to the frame
Loop insertion. First, using a hammer and chisel, make a hole for the hinge. The depth of the notch should be equal to the thickness of the part. After this, a hole is made with a drill with a milling attachment. To determine the depth, measure the height of the loop without an overlay. Recesses are made both on the door leaf and on the frame.
The place for the overlay is created using a chisel and hammer, and the place for the loop is created with a router or drill with a milling attachment
Fixing loops. First you need to separate them, to do this you need to unscrew the fastening screw. Large hinge elements are inserted into the finished holes on the box and the fasteners are tightened with a screwdriver. This must be done evenly so that there is no distortion. Now smaller elements are fixed in the canvas. All that remains is to align the canvas and connect both parts of the loop with a fastening screw.
When fixing the hinge, it is necessary to tighten the screws evenly so that there is no distortion of the structure

Video: installation of hidden hinges

Installing hidden hinges on homemade metal doors

Factory metal doors They already have holes for installing hidden hinges and the canopies themselves are included, so there are no problems with installation.

If you decide to install them on homemade steel doors, that is affordable option. In this case, hidden loops are created on the basis of an external canopy, popularly called “papa-mama”.

It can only be done during the door manufacturing process. The work is performed in the following sequence:

Video: installing hidden hinges on homemade steel doors

How to adjust hidden door hinges

After installing the hidden hinges, you need to adjust them. This procedure may also be required due to the fact that the canvas sags during operation.

Hidden hinges are adjustable in three directions:

Horizontally. To do this, use a hexagon to turn the adjusting screw located on right side loops at the top. Thus, the canvas is aligned on both sides relative to the box, and the adjustment amount is 1 mm.
Horizontal adjustment allows you to move the blade by 1 mm
Vertically. To do this, you need to turn the adjusting screw; it connects the two hinge arms. This allows you to even out the gaps between the sash, the floor and the top of the box. The adjustment amount is 1.5–2 mm.
Vertical adjustment allows you to move the blade by 1.5–2 mm
By pressure. Using a hexagon, turn the eccentric located on the left side of the loop. Achieve uniform pressure of the sash to the frame along the entire perimeter. You can make an adjustment of 1 mm in one direction or the other.
Adjusting the hinges helps align the door in any direction

After the hidden hinges have been adjusted, decorative trims can be installed.

Video: adjusting hidden hinges

The correct installation and adjustment of hidden hinges completely influences the further operation of the door. Therefore, if you decide to install hidden hinges yourself, you need to read this article. Also in it you will find information about what tools are needed to perform all the required actions, and how to adjust the products after installation.

Advantages of hidden hinges

Surely you have chosen to install loops hidden installation for a reason, and this is - right choice. Here are the qualities you can use after installing the hinges:

Absolute safety. Even with all their desire, intruders will not be able to enter your home by cutting off the hinges, since hidden-type products are hidden from outside interference.
High strength. Hidden hinges can support the weight of not only wooden, but also heavy metal entrance doors - no restrictions on installation.
Decent reliability. Standard hidden type hinges proper care will serve you for many decades - perhaps even longer than the door itself.
Aesthetics. Hidden loops cannot be seen from outside doors, making door leaves look more attractive, especially for wooden ones.

Now that you are sure that your choice is correct, you can prepare to install hidden door hinges.

What tools are needed for the job?

In order not to be distracted by extraneous factors during work, it is recommended to immediately prepare necessary tools, equipment and materials presented below:

Pencil for marking.
Ruler or construction tape.
Screwdriver and set of screws.
Drill and cutter.
Building level.
Hammer and chisel.

After you have prepared all the specified tools and placed them in work area, you can start.

Remember that the depth of insertion of hidden hinges is much greater than that when installing conventional hinges. In this regard, it is necessary to select a different cutter attachment for the drill, or use a standard cutter more carefully so as not to damage the door leaf.

Marking the door for installing hinges

Before marking, you should decide exactly how many hidden hinges will be installed on the door. If the sash is of medium weight and consists of wood, you can use two hinges, but for a heavy one steel door It wouldn’t hurt to install three or even four hidden hinges to reduce the load on each of them individually and extend their service life.

Marking the sash

The process is quite simple:

Mark a distance on the door leaf 200-250 mm from the top and bottom edges and put dots in these places with a pencil.
Next, place the centers of the hidden loops at these points and trace them along the contour.
If you plan to install a third loop, it should be mounted strictly in the middle between the two outer ones, and the fourth – in the center relative to the two adjacent ones.

It should be remembered that it is necessary to outline two contours - the inner one for the loop, the outer one for the lining.

Marking the box

It's more difficult task, correct execution which is carried out as follows:

Place the door leaf in the door frame opening, and using building level and wooden pegs, secure it in a position strictly parallel to the box and perpendicular to the floor.
Mark at the end of the door frame the places for inserting hinges opposite the similar ones located on the door leaf.
Place the hidden loops at the marked points and circle. The door is possible.

After the door frame and leaf have been correctly marked, you can safely pick up the tools and start inserting.

Do not rush to immediately cut out the holes for the hinges - after completing the markings with a pencil, check again all the distances that can be seen in the diagram above.

We cut the hinges correctly

Milling

The first step is to prepare a small recess for the hinge overlay, which should be made manually using a chisel and hammer. The notch is knocked out by carefully tapping along the outer contour. The depth will depend on the thickness of the loop you need to measure.

Next, special recesses are made to install hidden hinges. This operation is carried out using a drill and a special milling attachment. Before forming the recesses, carefully measure the height of the hinge without the lining - this is exactly the depth of the hole you will make in the box.

To do this, turn on the drill and, using gentle pressing movements, mill the end of the door strictly according to the outline outlined in the previous step. inner contour. After reaching the required depth, move on to the next contour and beyond.

Do not rush when cutting out recesses - one wrong or careless movement, and the door leaf can be irrevocably damaged. It’s better to spend a little more time, thereby saving a lot of money on buying another door.

Recesses must be made not only in the door leaf, but also in the frame, in a similar way. The entire operation, if performed carefully, will take you no more than one hour.

Screwing the hinges

After you have cut out the required number of recesses, clean their internal surfaces from knots so that they do not interfere with installation. Direct insertion of hidden loops is carried out as follows:

Insert the loop into the resulting recess and seat it firmly in the socket.
Use a screwdriver to drill holes for the screws.
Insert the screws into the holes formed and carefully tighten them, at the same time making sure that there is no distortion - the hinge should be installed evenly.
Repeat the above steps with all hidden hinges to be installed.

The installation of hinges on the door frame is carried out after the door leaf has been placed and firmly secured in the frame opening using wooden wedges. The process of attaching the hinges is no different from the above.

After installation is complete, proper adjustment of the hidden hinges is necessary. So let's figure out how to do it.

Hinge Adjustment Basics

Depending on the design of the hinges, the adjustment features may differ. So, the most common manual is suitable for adjusting the hidden hinges of most models known today and looks like this:

Remove the hinge cover, if equipped, exposing the adjustment screws.
To change the vertical distortion of the door leaf, turn the corresponding bolt on the hidden hinges using a hex key.

Adjusting the vertical position of the blade

More complex adjustable hidden hinges represent more ample opportunities settings in three planes. To familiarize yourself with the features of adjusting such hinges, you can watch the video below.

It is a great injustice to pay attention to choice door hinges When purchasing accessories, it is the very last thing. Using hinges purchased at random is not a good idea, because not only the operational comfort and service life of the door structure, but also the safety of residents will depend on the correct selection, quality and design of the hinges.