How to plan a plot for a vegetable garden. Layout of a Vegetable Garden for Planting Vegetables - Secrets of a Successful Harvest

Planning a garden to properly arrange it and obtain the required amount of harvest will help solve many problems. Inexperienced summer residents and gardeners, having planted their own convenient garden, complain that there is not the required abundance of fruits and vegetables that they were counting on.

3D layout option for a plot of 15 acres with the location of a garden, house and vegetable garden

The layout of the site is considered the most important stage when setting it up. The planning of a dacha and garden plot directly begins with a preliminary study of the soil where garden and vegetable gardens are to be grown. garden crops, and climatic conditions that affect the number of fruits. If the soil is excessively clayey or contains sand admixtures, then you need to additionally add peat to it, feed it with black soil, other substances and fertilizers, on which the soil will directly depend. good nutrition roots.

In the climate, the fundamental factors that negatively affect the fruiting process are:

excess humidity;
frosty winters;
spring frosts.

Therefore, it is important to select trees and crops that are most suitable for a particular region.

Sketch and layout of a vegetable garden, garden and the entire plot of 10 acres

Important aspects are the layout of the garden and the proper selection of trees. Locally selected trees are considered the most frost-resistant. They adapt perfectly to any climatic conditions and give good results, if not annually, then every other year. The hardiest trees are cherries, pears, apples, and plums. Least resistant to frost and high humidity Apricots and peaches are considered.

Cherry does not tolerate closely located groundwater at all, and if reclamation is not carried out in time, then in just a few years it will dry out.

Planning for the arrangement of a small suburban area

There are a wide variety of gardens, therefore, when selecting the required assortment of trees and plants, it is necessary to take into account their future productivity.

An example of planning a vegetable garden on a small plot

To decide how many trees you need to plant in your garden plot, you must first make a marking summer cottage taking into account existing buildings. This must be done because every object casts a shadow, so when planting bushes, trees and other crops in the shade of buildings, they will not bear fruit, but will be drawn into the area of natural light. This will continue until the top of the plants is slightly higher than the barrier that limits access to natural light.

Therefore, on the developed plan it is necessary to indicate the height of each existing building and the cardinal directions. It should be noted that the shadow will most likely be located on the east and west sides, tapering somewhat to the south. It is necessary to shade the places on the diagram where the shadow is more than half of the day. These places are not suitable for planting plants.

IN shady places you can lay decorative paths, arrange lawns, a pond, and make flower beds. In order for trees to provide a good harvest, the shade area must be excluded from the planting plan.

How to combine a garden and a vegetable garden

Planning a vegetable garden is considered a fairly important stage, because it is necessary to correctly distribute usable area. begins with the idea of directly arranging the beds, which must be ideal. If you need a layout of a vegetable garden, then you need to make two separate diagrams that will display your summer cottage at different times of the year. Thus, it is possible to achieve a more competent distribution of free space. When making calculations, you need to take into account not only the area of the dacha plot itself, but also take into account the fact that planted crops can grow over time.

Drawing and layout of a plot of 6 acres with a combination of garden and vegetable garden

In addition, it is worth remembering that planting vegetable and garden crops should not be done too densely. You need to think about where the vegetable garden will be located on the dacha plot being developed. Experienced gardeners It is recommended to plant all crops on the south side, however, if this is not possible, then it is worth selecting sunny areas, but with some periods of shade.

It is imperative to take into account the rules for planting each plant, its compatibility with neighboring crops, the need for natural sunlight and fertilizer, and the frequency of watering.

It is carried out taking into account the fruiting periods of all existing trees and shrubs. It is best to place all crops in the garden and vegetable garden taking into account the periods of their full ripening. The scheme for planting all crops at the dacha must certainly be planned very competently. In order to think through everything correctly, you need to prepare a photo of your dacha with the adjacent land.

What models can there be for planning a garden?

There may be the most various options planning a garden, but with each of them you must take into account:

number of designated acres;
soil characteristics of the garden and vegetable garden;
required number of arranged beds.

Layout and placement of beds in a vegetable garden measuring 4 acres

Ideal for those who prefer to arrange a rather unpretentious garden and vegetable garden, which implies the use primarily ornamental crops and green spaces. Often this model is in the shape of a circle. It should contain exquisite beautiful flowers and other plants to fully show off their beauty.

Outside, a certain design is created, consisting of green spaces. It is best if these are low shrubs so that the beauty of the planted flowers can be fully demonstrated. If the size of the dacha plot is quite impressive, then they sit in a semicircle behind fruit trees, the number of which directly depends on the area of the proposed model. Enough interesting option is a rectangular shape.

Drawing and site layout

The peculiarity of this model implies that in this case you need to plan the garden and vegetable garden together. Often, the design of such a summer cottage involves the use square shape. The peculiarity of such a plot is that it is possible to plant as many vegetable beds as the size of the plot allows.

You can place a few berry bushes next to garden crops. For the best kind dacha plots cost extra, but they should be located a little far from all other crops. The peculiarity of this layout is that despite the abundance of species, the original form remains.

Sketch and layout of plantings on a plot of 5 acres

Interesting and an unusual option is a free layout of the available land. The shape and size of such a plot depend directly on the available acres. When developing such a scheme, you need to consider whether it is possible to combine several different cultures with fruit trees.

If the area of land for a vegetable garden remains quite small, then it is best to use the method of arranging vertical beds. Tall vegetables and legumes will thrive on nets and various supports. When organizing a vegetable garden, it is necessary to take into account the compatibility of crops and the need for well-arranged natural lighting. In addition, it is worth considering that you do not need to plant old trees. In this case, young seedlings are quite suitable.

How to make the best choice for arranging an orchard

Taking into account various kinds of landscape tricks, you can competently arrange your plot of land, taking into account all the norms and requirements. To organize a site with your own hands, you must first correctly select the location of the future orchard, select the types and varieties of trees, while taking into account the existing natural and climatic conditions at the dacha.

When arranging an orchard and vegetable garden, you need to remember that the depth of groundwater should be no more than 1.5 m. Otherwise, to significantly lower the groundwater level, you will have to make certain channels or lay drainage pipes. Trees located on land with high groundwater levels will:

grow poorly;
produce a rather low yield;
does not tolerate winter frosts well;
be susceptible to fungal diseases.

Design and layout of a garden on a plot of 10 acres

Plants located in the country will help determine the acidity of the soil. Those areas where cereals and legumes do well are ideal for gardening. If there is a lot of sorrel on the ground at the dacha, this means that the soil is quite acidic, which can have a bad effect on the normal fruiting of trees. You can reduce the acidity of the soil by adding lime to it. The program for arranging a garden and vegetable garden involves a preliminary study of the topography of the site.

The best option for arranging a garden is the southern side, and the worst is the northern side.

There is no need to place the garden in the lowest place land plot, since this is where the cold air will concentrate, which can cause serious harm to many plants. When deciding on the location of the garden, it is necessary to take into account the orientation of the cardinal points.

The Earth for Us is a natural wealth that fed our grandfathers and parents. Today, only a small percentage of people manage to interact with it directly - coming to their dachas a couple of tens of kilometers away, living in rural settlements, or having their own a private house in the city. All these options often converge on one thing - cultivating work, removing weeds, planting cultivated plants and (or) ... Sometimes, all these things are carried out on the “weekend”, after working days. But, you also need to relax, go out onto the summer terrace or just stand on the edge of the garden and contemplate how you were able to correctly plan the garden on your site.

Of course, while you have endless expanses of snow in front of you, you can’t really “plan”, but you have a warm blanket, a cozy chair, you’ve made yourself some delicious tea, and you can just start to decide from a theoretical point of view how you want to plan your garden.

If you decide, you can give everyone square meter the land looks like cultivated plants will produce up to 15%-20% more harvest, the flowers will be slimmer, and the eye will only be happy

Based on this, we offer you the following points, which We will reveal during our “journey” in planning a “workspace”:

We decide on a planting plan;
We form the correct dimensions and position of the beds;
Alternation of crops - what is it and what is it eaten with;
Combined landing;
Crop rotation and many other “hot” issues and their solutions.

Planning beds

Soil in the garden

We are sure that you are an experienced person in terms of annual selection crops grown on your plot, you know that in order to plan them you need to know which soil in the garden is more suitable for a particular variety or variety. And if earlier this was done “by eye”, now it is necessary to correctly determine soil composition, which means you must get to know her acidity (pH).

This is quite simple to do - take samples taken from the garden to a special laboratory. It is imperative that for a more accurate composition, you need to take several samples from different parts of it. If you don’t want to wait a long time, pay, or are just interested in Is it possible to do this test at home?, we answer – maybe not so accurate, but it’s possible. To do this, take the same “samples”, mix them thoroughly to form a literally homogeneous mass and pour some of it into a jar or other container. Next, pour a little vinegar and see the result. There will be 2 of them, and each will indicate its own designation:

Bubbles appear on the soil sample upon contact with vinegar, which will mean neutral pH;
The vinegar will be absorbed into the ground without any visible reaction, which will determine acidic pH soil.

Let’s say right away that this is not the most accurate analysis, but it allows us to quickly and clearly illuminate this important issue.

Planning rules or how to plan a vegetable garden

In addition to the composition of the soil, plan the site The correct arrangement of those several beds that you are already “sorting out” in your imagination will help. Here are a few rules to help you with this:

Most the best option The location of the garden is flat terrain. In cases where the plot is located on a slope, choose the southern or southeastern part;
Be sure to resolve the issue with . Innovation or automation is not important here – it’s your choice. Both big and small vegetable garden loves the availability of water, which will be more convenient for you;
Determining the soil. Chernozem is best suited for planning a vegetable garden and getting a rich harvest. But if heavy clay predominates in the soil, you will have to refine it and bring peat, sand, or black soil itself to the site;
If you have not yet decided how to make beds correctly and where to start, start by planning the area at a distance from the trees. They will not create shade, and at any time the soil will be warmed by the sun's rays.

From south to north beds are located if the land you own is in a lowland. Often, the soil is constantly damp, which means it needs to be warmed by the sun;
From west to east, beds are planned in case of dry soil. The row spacing will be under the shade of the plants, which will retain moisture;
When the ground slopes, it is better to divide the beds crosswise;
South side suitable for planning a vegetable garden, and the northern– garden, if the area is not initially level.

How to plan a vegetable garden

Creating a planting plan

We agree that planning a vegetable garden is painstaking work that will take a single day, but without it you will not produce rich harvests, and this place will not become a vacation for you.

The first thing we start with is drawing a plan of “possessions” on paper

The drawing should have a maximum full information: shape and size, information about soil acidity, its orientation. Next, divide the site into zones - garden, vegetable garden, residential and utility zones. It will be great if you observe and note the amount of shadow from buildings and trees. Now, in order to plan the garden more clearly, we make a “model” of it. To do this, cut out strips of paper and write the name of the plants you will plant, as well as important devices such as watering centers. Place them, play around and find the right combination. For those who believe that these actions “can be omitted,” let’s say that it is better to prepare on paper than to find the right places in the garden itself in the spring. When all the forms and places are determined, you can think about the varieties and varieties of crops that are needed in the garden.

Correct beds

If there are no proper beds in the garden, then there will be no rest - everything will be painstaking work. Therefore, we will pay attention to the beds in order to properly plan the garden.

Lower or raise

There are several positions of the beds: deepened, raised, flush with ground level. The level is determined by the availability of watering every day and natural conditions. For example, if you cannot water your beds every day, then it is better to deepen them, and vice versa.

Dimensions

The forms can be completely different, the most important thing is easy access. If the length can be any, then the width for convenient access should not be more than 1 meter. Optimal width– from 60 cm. Size design – according to your wishes (brick, slate, etc. or not).

Crop rotation of your crops

This is one of the most important issues that must be resolved not only in order to plan a vegetable garden, but also to get a rich harvest. The turnaround time for “returning to your previous place” is about 4 years. Therefore, we recommend dividing the entire area into 4 sections, and observing all the necessary sequences, according to the crop rotation tables.

Combined planting of crops

Here, in order to properly plan a site, it is worth knowing which crops will not be able to live side by side, and which will even help grow, forming a “community”. For example, beans and beans are known among agronomists as the “Three Sisters” because their growth rates are perfectly suited to each other. But it’s worth knowing that not all plants are so “friendly.” Even a knowledgeable person would never plant dill nearby. The same applies to beans and... In order to understand exactly which cultures help and which ones “cheat” each other, see the TABLE:

Culture compatibility table

Interesting tip: garlic can not only help a person strengthen the immune system, but also allow one to take care of the “immune system” of plants. This means they will get sick much less. To do this, do useful infusion according to the recipe: chop 5 garlic cloves and pour boiling water (1 liter) over them, and then close the lid and let them steep for about 20 minutes. Immediately after this, you can water indoor and garden plants with this infusion to prevent any diseases.

Planning and planting a vegetable garden of 6 acres

Plan your garden large area quite simple, due to good dimensions. But on 6 acres you can’t really roam around. But this is not a problem, especially if you take into account several nuances:

Garage position;

Do not build a garage in the back of the dacha (house), because you will need to allocate a road (access) for the car.

The garden on the south side will cover most during the day there is shade in the garden;
It is better to install the grill on the windward side;
The non-standard shape of the flower beds will not only allow you to plan your garden, but will also visually expand it;
A mini-garden located in the area of the barbecue or gazebo will decorate the perimeter and save space;

To do this, a block is knocked together from boards, soil is poured in and flowers or crops are planted. The bed can be fenced with a fence to limit the beds.

Drainage systems in lowlands are simply irreplaceable;

If your site is located on a slope, then the lower part will always contain excess moisture. Exactly drainage systems, disguised in special terraces, will visually and actually make using the site more convenient.

These tips will serve as a good lesson in how to plan a simple vegetable garden. small sizes, and areas of large dimensions.

So, by adhering to the above measures, you will be able to create a proper vegetable garden right from a piece of paper this spring, which will bear fruit to your delight

We wish you to rest on your personal plot and not to believe people who say that work at the dacha turns into torture. Turn your site into a fairy tale right now.

What should you do to reap a rich harvest from your plot every year? Is there enough fertile land, timely application of fertilizers and treatment of plants against pests? It would seem that here they are - the treasured acres, just plant them and reap the results. But it's not that simple. Conflicts exist not only among people, but also among plants.

But we are not trees, we can move away from our opponent, but plants do not have this opportunity. Therefore, before you start planting, you should develop a planting plan. And in order to draw up a plan correctly, you need to have knowledge of what crops grew in the previous few years in each plot, how fertile each plot is, which plants can be planted together, and which are best kept away from each other, and other factors.

Planning a vegetable garden

To arrange a garden, you need to choose an open area, since all vegetables love sunlight. Onions can be planted in an area near a house, fence and other structures in partial shade; they are the only ones capable of growing in shade. But on big harvest It's not worth counting on.

Be sure to take into account the compatibility of vegetables. The celery family and the onion family are family friends. Cabbage, as well as potatoes, dill and lettuce, will be a good neighbor for them.

Potatoes alone go well with beans, corn, horseradish, onions and cabbage.

Radishes acquire improved taste qualities and becomes larger if adjacent to bush beans.

Tomatoes are combined with greens, cabbage, asparagus and beans.

Carrots are, in principle, peaceful and can be combined with almost all crops, including peas.

In addition to carrots, peas are friends with cucumbers, potatoes, corn and radishes. And radish, in principle, has a good disposition, positively influencing other vegetables.

But cabbage, tomatoes and beans cannot boast of good neighborly relations.

Cucumber is not compatible with potatoes, potatoes with tomato and pumpkin, tomato with fennel.

You should not plant peas and beans next to onions and garlic, or radishes next to hyssop.

Planning a garden

Upon landing garden trees you have to use analytical thinking as much as possible, in particular the ability to plan for several years ahead. After all, a tree is not a potato - on next year you won't transplant. Not only do you need to choose the right planting location for each tree. It is also necessary to calculate the planting of vegetables, flowers, and bushes relative to trees.

Vegetables and shrubs should never be planted near young trees. It may seem at first good decision, since this arrangement saves space well. But in a few years the trees will grow, and garden crops and berries will be in the shade.

Of course, vegetables can be planted in a new place every year, but that’s if there is one. And not all shrubs will be happy about a quick change of place of residence. In general, when planning a garden, you should either immediately allocate space for each crop, or understand where it can be allocated in a few years.

Those who plan to grow strawberries, berry bushes, cherries and plums in the garden should know that each of these plants has its own ideal time to bear fruit in one place, and over time they will have to be replanted.

It's a little easier with berry bushes. At good care they are capable of bearing fruit for a very long time in one place. With regular pruning and spraying, plants can produce a good harvest within 10 - 15 years without changing their place of residence.

But strawberries should not be grown in one place for more than 3 years. Therefore, one of its beds should be cleared every year for vegetables, and a vegetable bed for strawberries. In this case, it is immediately clear that it is more convenient to take the strawberries to the garden, so that it is easier to change the beds. In addition, it is better to plant strawberries in places where snow lingers well in winter.

When planting shrubs, it is necessary to take into account their preferences. Gooseberries and red currants like dry, well-lit areas, while black currants prefer wetter areas. Raspberries produce many root branches, while sea buckthorn has long roots. These plants interfere with the development of others, so they are planted separately.

Tall trees and shrubs planted close to the boundary can shade neighboring areas; this, of course, is unacceptable. Only by respecting the rights of your neighbors can you demand the same respect for yourself. Vigorous trees should be planted at a distance of two meters from the border, and medium-sized trees at least a meter away. The distance between the border and the trees can be filled with currant, raspberry and gooseberry bushes.

To ensure that the house receives enough light, tall trees should be planted deep into the site. And plant flowers, vegetables, herbs, strawberries, and shrubs next to your home.

To take into account all the nuances when planting and replanting plants, you need to know data about which plants grew in each plot over the previous 3-4 years. It would be useful to predict exactly how plants will be replanted not only in the current year, but also in the next few years.

In this regard, a computer makes life much easier. With the help of special programs, you can recreate a site plan and note in which year and where certain crops grew.

For those for whom this method is not suitable, you can redraw the plan every year with a simple pencil and store all the plans for the previous few years. True, this is not very convenient; you constantly have to erase the drawings and apply them again.

To simplify this process, you can draw and cut out identical rectangles from a blank sheet of paper, each of which will indicate a specific crop that the summer resident is going to plant, and try to assemble a “puzzle” for future planting on last year’s site plan.

The method is convenient because you don’t have to constantly erase and redraw missing details, and you can easily correct omissions by simply moving the rectangle to a new location.

It is rare that the owner of a private house prefers not to plant fruit trees on his property. Everyone usually wants to have an orchard - in the spring the trees delight with beautiful blossoms and aroma, and the fruits and berries from own garden They always seem much tastier than those bought in a store or market, and besides, you know that these are environmentally friendly products. In the art of Feng Shui, the image of a blooming orchard is a symbol of abundance and prosperity. Planning a garden is a responsible matter; their growth and ability to bear fruit will depend on how correctly you plant the trees, so this task must be treated with great attention.

If you also want to grow vegetables in your garden, the layout of the garden and vegetable garden should be considered together. It is better to allocate space for the beds at the southern border, from north to south, this is better for crops growing in the middle zone. Some gardeners recommend placing beds from east to west. Behind the vegetable and strawberry (strawberry) beds are fruit bushes- currants, gooseberries. Trees are planted behind the bushes; light shade from trees will not harm berry bushes, and vegetable beds should be in the sun.

Example of vegetable bed design - they do not have to be square or rectangular shape, the original beds resemble flower beds

Before you start planning your garden, you need to take into account the following important factors:

What size is the area Can be allocated for an orchard. For trees with spreading crowns, a distance of 4 sq.m. will be required.
Terrain. For an orchard, flat terrain or a gentle slope would be ideal; cold air and excess moisture are retained in the depressions; these areas are unfavorable for fruit trees.
Soil analysis of your site. U fruit crops powerful root system, the soil must be fertile to provide it with good nutrition. Rocky, clayey, sandy soil not suitable for the garden. The proximity of groundwater has a negative effect on tree growth.
Availability of heat and light. For most fruit trees, it is important to have plenty of light and heat; in the shade they grow and bear fruit much worse. It should also be said about areas with constant strong wind - the wind interferes with normal pollination, dries out the soil, often damages crops and breaks tree branches. A high fence or green spaces can partially protect from winds.

Planning begins with a diagram on paper. If there is already a house on the site, you need to start planning from there. A scale diagram of the site, the contours of the house and other buildings, as well as places where trees already grow, are drawn on paper.

This area is protected from the wind by trees planted around it, which have already grown enough to provide protection

If the site has not yet been developed, the location for building a house is marked on the diagram. The layout of the garden on the site assumes the presence of a front garden. The house should face the street, leaving a strip of land in front of it for the front garden. Its size depends on the area of the plot - for some it is only a meter, for others it is 6-8 meters. In a small front garden, flowers, raspberries and berry bushes are usually planted, in a large one - ornamental trees, flowers or several fruit trees at the discretion of the owners.

For large fruit trees - apple trees, pears, allocate a place in the north-eastern side of the site, between them and fruit and berry bushes– space for smaller trees – cherries, plums.

An example of the layout of a garden and vegetable garden - the plot is divided into two parts. In the first half there is a house surrounded by a front garden and vegetable beds, the second half is an orchard with trees planted in rows

In general, it will be convenient to draw a plan of the site, mark on it all the existing buildings, the expected location of the garden and vegetable garden. On the site you need to mark holes for planting trees. Try to plant trees at a distance so that as they grow they do not shade each other. Clumped bushes and trees in the garden do not grow well; in addition, conditions are created for diseases of garden crops. Fruit trees have a powerful root system and must develop freely.

Advice. If your site is overgrown with wild bushes, there are stumps on it that need to be uprooted, do necessary work and burn the wood debris. Collect the ash in a dry place; it will be useful when creating fertile beds.

Usually, the layout of an orchard involves planting trees in such a way that they do not shade the neighbors’ plots, but there are often cases when a tree grows right next to the fence, providing fruit to both the owners and neighbors, and no one has any complaints.

Today it is fashionable to give the beds an original shape, for example, a pizza garden. The highlight is that from the round bed in the center the rest ray out like slices of pizza, forming a circle

Raspberries, blackberries or berry bushes are usually planted at the borders of the site, which bear fruit well even in the shade.

Landscape and regular planning

Below are examples of garden layouts for lovers of order and clarity of form and for those who like it when plants are in orchard They are also planted according to the scheme, but create the impression of natural areas.

Landscape planning involves the arrangement of trees and other crops in a free order, close to natural. In such a garden, in addition to fruit crops, decorative crops are also widely used.

An example of a free garden layout - vegetable beds on the left and top, fruit trees planted in groups in the center and on the right

With regular planning, trees and shrubs, as well as vegetables in the garden bed, are planted in strict rows at the same distance. The landing scheme also has a strict geometric shape- a square for areas whose length and width are almost equal, and a rectangle for areas whose length is much greater than the width.

An example of a regular layout of a garden with a vegetable garden - clear geometry, the area is divided into regular squares, rectangles, plants are planted in rows

Where are the best crops to plant?

These are trees and shrubs that grow well and bear fruit in your latitudes. For middle zone these are pear trees, apple trees (it is advisable to plant several trees of different varieties), different varieties plums and cherry plums, cherries. Cherries and apricots will ripen in warm latitudes. Berry bushes– all varieties of currants, gooseberries, blackberries, raspberries. If the area of the plot is small, it is convenient to place shrubs around the perimeter.

If you plant several apple trees, including summer, autumn and winter apple trees, the fruits will delight you in different time of the year

An example of an interesting layout of a vegetable garden - paths diverge from a square of slabs in the center, between which there are beds, on each of the beds planted different cultures. Conveniently approach any of them

In vegetable beds nearby, you need to plant crops that grow well in close proximity to each other:

cabbage, cucumbers, peas;
white cabbage, dill, potatoes, onions, lettuce, celery;
tomatoes, peas, carrots;
horseradish, potatoes, beans, onions, cabbage.

When you draw a diagram, decide which plants to plant and in what quantity, you can begin marking the garden on the ground, buy seedlings and prepare the soil.