What are the ringing sounds? Voiceless consonants

In this lesson we will learn to distinguish between voiced and voiceless consonant sounds and denote them in writing with consonant letters. Let's find out which consonants are called paired and unpaired according to their voicing - deafness, sonorant and hissing.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Let's remember how speech sounds are born. When a person begins to speak, he exhales air from his lungs. It runs along the windpipe into the narrow larynx, where special muscles are located - vocal cords. If a person pronounces consonants, he closes his mouth (at least a little), which causes noise. But consonants make different noises.

Let's conduct an experiment: cover our ears and pronounce the sound [p], and then the sound [b]. When we pronounced the sound [b], the ligaments became tense and began to tremble. This trembling turned into a voice. There was a slight ringing in my ears.

You can conduct a similar experiment by placing your hands on the neck on the right and left sides and pronouncing the sounds [d] and [t]. The sound [d] is pronounced much louder, more sonorous. Scientists call these sounds sonorous, and sounds that consist only of noise - deaf.

Paired consonant sounds in terms of voicedness and deafness

Let's try to divide the sounds into two groups according to the method of pronunciation. Let's populate phonetic houses in the city of sounds. Let's agree: dull sounds will live on the first floor, and voiced sounds will live on the second floor. Residents of the first house:

These consonant sounds are called paired by sonority - deafness.

Rice. 1. Paired voiced and voiceless consonants ()

They are very similar to each other - real “twins”, they are pronounced almost identically: the lips form the same way, the tongue moves the same way. But they also have pairs of softness and hardness. Let's add them to the house.

The sounds [zh] and [sh] do not have paired soft sounds, they always hard. And they are also called sizzling sounds.

All these sounds are indicated by letters:

Unpaired voiced consonants

But not all consonant sounds and letters form pairs. Those consonants that do not have pairs are called unpaired. Let's put unpaired consonant sounds in our houses.

To the second house - unpairedvoiced consonants sounds:

Let us remind you that the sound [th’] always just soft. Therefore, he will live alone in our house. These sounds are represented in writing by letters:

The sounds of the second house are also called sonorous , because they are formed with the help of the voice and almost without noise, they are very sonorous. The word “sonorant” is translated from the Latin “sonorus” meaning sonorous.

Unpaired voiceless consonants

We will put you in the third house unpaired voiceless consonants sounds:

Let us remember that the sound [ts] is always solid, and [h’] and [sch’] - always soft. Unpaired voiceless consonants are indicated in writing by letters:

Sounds [h’], [h’] - sizzling sounds.

So we populated our city with consonant sounds and letters. Now it’s immediately clear why there are 21 consonant letters and 36 sounds.

Rice. 2. Voiced and voiceless consonants ()

Consolidating knowledge in practice

Let's complete the tasks.

1. Consider the pictures and turn one word into another, replacing only one sound. Hint: remember pairs of consonant sounds.

d points - point

b glasses - kidney

w ar - heat

fishing rod - duck

2. There are riddles, the meaning of which lies in the knowledge of consonant sounds, they are called charades. Try to guess them:

1) With a deaf consonant I pour into the field,
With the ringing one - I myself am ringing to the expanse . (Kolos - voice)

2) With a deaf person - she cuts the grass,
With a voiced sound, it eats the leaves. (Scythe - goat)

3) With “em” - pleasant, golden, very sweet and fragrant.
With the letter “el” it appears in winter, but disappears in spring . (Honey - ice)

In order to develop the ability to pronounce certain sounds, especially hissing ones, they learn tongue twisters. The tongue twister is told slowly at first, and then the pace is accelerated. Let's try to learn tongue twisters:

1. Six little mice rustle in the reeds.
2. The hedgehog has a hedgehog, the snake has a squeeze.
3. Two puppies were chewing a brush in the corner, cheek to cheek.

So, today we learned that consonant sounds can be voiced and unvoiced and how these sounds are indicated in writing.

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. ().
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language 1. M.: Ballas. ().
3. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Textbook for teaching literacy and reading: ABC. Academic book/textbook.

1. Fictionbook.ru ().
2. Deafnet.ru ().
3. Samouchka.com.ua ().

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. Pp. 38, ex. 2; Page 39, ex. 6; Page 43, ex. 4.
2. Count how many voiced consonants and how many voiceless consonants are in a word unsatisfactory ? (Voiced consonants - 9 - N, D, V, L, V, R, L, N, Y, various - 6, voiceless consonants - 2 - T, T, various - 1.).
3. Read the proverb: « Know how to speak at the right time, and be silent at the right time.” Name the letters that represent voiced consonants. (Voiced consonant sounds in the proverb are represented by the letters M, J, V, R, Z, L.)
4. 4* Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, write a fairy tale or draw a comic book on the theme “In the city of consonant sounds.”

In this lesson we will learn to distinguish between voiced and voiceless consonant sounds and denote them in writing with consonant letters. Let's find out which consonants are called paired and unpaired according to their voicing - deafness, sonorant and hissing.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Let's remember how speech sounds are born. When a person begins to speak, he exhales air from his lungs. It runs down the windpipe into the narrow larynx, where special muscles are located - the vocal cords. If a person pronounces consonants, he closes his mouth (at least a little), which causes noise. But consonants make different noises.

Let's conduct an experiment: cover our ears and pronounce the sound [p], and then the sound [b]. When we pronounced the sound [b], the ligaments became tense and began to tremble. This trembling turned into a voice. There was a slight ringing in my ears.

You can conduct a similar experiment by placing your hands on the neck on the right and left sides and pronouncing the sounds [d] and [t]. The sound [d] is pronounced much louder, more sonorous. Scientists call these sounds sonorous, and sounds that consist only of noise - deaf.

Paired consonant sounds in terms of voicedness and deafness

Let's try to divide the sounds into two groups according to the method of pronunciation. Let's populate phonetic houses in the city of sounds. Let's agree: dull sounds will live on the first floor, and voiced sounds will live on the second floor. Residents of the first house:

These consonant sounds are called paired by sonority - deafness.

Rice. 1. Paired voiced and voiceless consonants ()

They are very similar to each other - real “twins”, they are pronounced almost identically: the lips form the same way, the tongue moves the same way. But they also have pairs of softness and hardness. Let's add them to the house.

The sounds [zh] and [sh] do not have paired soft sounds, they always hard. And they are also called sizzling sounds.

All these sounds are indicated by letters:

Unpaired voiced consonants

But not all consonant sounds and letters form pairs. Those consonants that do not have pairs are called unpaired. Let's put unpaired consonant sounds in our houses.

To the second house - unpairedvoiced consonants sounds:

Let us remind you that the sound [th’] always just soft. Therefore, he will live alone in our house. These sounds are represented in writing by letters:

The sounds of the second house are also called sonorous , because they are formed with the help of the voice and almost without noise, they are very sonorous. The word “sonorant” is translated from the Latin “sonorus” meaning sonorous.

Unpaired voiceless consonants

We will put you in the third house unpaired voiceless consonants sounds:

Let us remember that the sound [ts] is always solid, and [h’] and [sch’] - always soft. Unpaired voiceless consonants are indicated in writing by letters:

Sounds [h’], [h’] - sizzling sounds.

So we populated our city with consonant sounds and letters. Now it’s immediately clear why there are 21 consonant letters and 36 sounds.

Rice. 2. Voiced and voiceless consonants ()

Consolidating knowledge in practice

Let's complete the tasks.

1. Consider the pictures and turn one word into another, replacing only one sound. Hint: remember pairs of consonant sounds.

d points - point

b glasses - kidney

w ar - heat

fishing rod - duck

2. There are riddles, the meaning of which lies in the knowledge of consonant sounds, they are called charades. Try to guess them:

1) With a deaf consonant I pour into the field,
With the ringing one - I myself am ringing to the expanse . (Kolos - voice)

2) With a deaf person - she cuts the grass,
With a voiced sound, it eats the leaves. (Scythe - goat)

3) With “em” - pleasant, golden, very sweet and fragrant.
With the letter “el” it appears in winter, but disappears in spring . (Honey - ice)

In order to develop the ability to pronounce certain sounds, especially hissing ones, they learn tongue twisters. The tongue twister is told slowly at first, and then the pace is accelerated. Let's try to learn tongue twisters:

1. Six little mice rustle in the reeds.
2. The hedgehog has a hedgehog, the snake has a squeeze.
3. Two puppies were chewing a brush in the corner, cheek to cheek.

So, today we learned that consonant sounds can be voiced and unvoiced and how these sounds are indicated in writing.

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. ().
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language 1. M.: Ballas. ().
3. Agarkova N.G., Agarkov Yu.A. Textbook for teaching literacy and reading: ABC. Academic book/textbook.

1. Fictionbook.ru ().
2. Deafnet.ru ().
3. Samouchka.com.ua ().

1. Andrianova T.M., Ilyukhina V.A. Russian language 1. M.: Astrel, 2011. Pp. 38, ex. 2; Page 39, ex. 6; Page 43, ex. 4.
2. Count how many voiced consonants and how many voiceless consonants are in a word unsatisfactory ? (Voiced consonants - 9 - N, D, V, L, V, R, L, N, Y, various - 6, voiceless consonants - 2 - T, T, various - 1.).
3. Read the proverb: « Know how to speak at the right time, and be silent at the right time.” Name the letters that represent voiced consonants. (Voiced consonant sounds in the proverb are represented by the letters M, J, V, R, Z, L.)
4. 4* Using the knowledge gained in the lesson, write a fairy tale or draw a comic book on the theme “In the city of consonant sounds.”

The new Russian language lesson began with repetition. The presenter Vasilisa asked to repeat everything that the students had learned about consonants. Friends from Shishkinogo Les remembered a lot:
There are more consonants than vowels.
Consonants cannot be sung.
They are pronounced with noise and voice: B, Z, Z.
Or only with noise: P, T, F.
Consonants are voiced, voiceless, paired unpaired.
- How are these steam rooms? - Zubok was surprised. Are they taking a steam bath?
“The thing is that you missed the previous lesson, where we studied paired consonants,” Vasilisa explained. Now Shunya and Freckles will tell you what consonants they know: voiced, voiceless, paired, unpaired. And they will give examples.
The voiced “Zh” will be paired with the unvoiced “Sh”. For example: heat - ball.
“I understand,” said Zubok. A dull sound is the same as a voiced sound, but said quietly, without a voice.
- But it happens that we cannot immediately understand what letter to write in a word. At the end of words, many voiced consonants are heard dull. For example: in the word “tooth” we hear the sound “p”, but we write the voiced consonant “b”.
- So how do we figure out all these voiced voiceless paired unpaired consonants? - Zubok was upset. Is it really possible to learn everything by heart?
“No, you don’t need to learn all the words by heart,” Vasilisa reassured. It is enough to change the word so that after an incomprehensible consonant there is a vowel. And then we will understand exactly what letter needs to be written. For example, in the word “year” you hear a dull “t” at the end. We change the word - at the beginning of January we congratulate you on the New Year. In the word “godom” you can clearly hear the voiced “d”. So we write it in the word “year”.

However, not all consonants are paired. Let's find these loners together in the Russian alphabet. Two houses are drawn on the board. Paired consonants will live in one, and unpaired consonants will live in the other. Help, friends!
Paired Unpaired
F - W M, N
Z - S X, C
K - G R, L
Now let's compose a story from words that contain only unpaired consonants. The students came up with the following words: fly, king, moon, knight. A fly landed on the top of the king's head. He didn't notice it because he was looking at the moon. And then his faithful knight entered. And scared away the fly. Well done! Have you come up with your own story?
The lesson in which we studied voiced voiceless paired unpaired consonants has come to an end.

Even though these consonants are paired,
But they are still very different.
Tooth and soup, shelter and pilaf,
What to write at the end of words?

Either loud, or quieter,
Cat - cat, year - year.
We can easily distinguish them.
And at the end we will write the letter correctly.

Many Russian consonants form pairs based on hardness and softness: –, – and others. Sounds corresponding to stressed sounds and after soft consonants in a weak, unstressed position sound the same. The letter denotes a sound, for example vowels after hard consonants and consonants before vowels: weather.

The presenter Vasilisa asked to repeat everything that the students had learned about consonants. Friends from Shishkino Les remembered a lot: There are more consonants than vowels. Consonants cannot be sung. They are pronounced with noise and voice: B, Zh, Z. Or only with noise: P, T, F. Consonants are voiced, voiceless paired unpaired.

§6. Hard and soft consonants

The thing is that you missed the previous lesson, where we studied paired consonants,” Vasilisa explained. The voiced “Zh” will be paired with the unvoiced “Sh”. For example: heat - ball. “I understand,” said Zubok. A dull sound is the same as a voiced sound, but said quietly, without a voice. It is enough to change the word so that after an incomprehensible consonant there is a vowel. However, not all consonants are paired.

Paired consonants will live in one, and unpaired consonants will live in the other. Paired Unpaired F - Sh M, N Z - S X, Ts K - G R, L And now let's make up a story from words that contain only unpaired consonants. Even though these consonants are paired, they are still very different. In an unstressed position, vowels are pronounced less clearly and sound for less duration (i.e., they are reduced).

How many pairs of consonants are formed according to deafness and voicedness?

Do not forget that paired voiced consonants in a weak position at the end of a word or before a voiceless consonant are always voiced, and voiceless consonants in front of a voiced consonant are sometimes voiced. When letters that usually denote voiceless consonants, when voiced, denote ringing sounds, this seems so unusual that it may lead to transcription errors. In tasks related to comparing the number of letters and sounds in a word, there may be “traps” that provoke errors.

There are words that can only consist of vowels, but consonants are also necessary. In the Russian language there are many more consonants than vowels. Consonants are sounds, when pronounced, the air encounters an obstacle in its path. There are two types of obstruents in the Russian language: gap and stop - these are the two main ways of forming consonants.

The stop, the second type of articulation of consonants, is formed when the speech organs close. The air flow abruptly overcomes this obstacle, the sounds are short and energetic. Let's compare the words: house and cat. Each word has 1 vowel sound and 2 consonants.

2) before them there is no voicing of paired deaf consonants (i.e. the position in front of them is strong in deafness-voicing, just like before vowels). But there are sounds that do not have a pair on the basis of hardness and softness. School textbooks say that and are unpaired in hardness and softness. How so? We hear that sound is a soft analogue of sound. When I was studying at school, I couldn’t understand why?

Paired consonant sounds in terms of voicedness and deafness

The confusion arises because school books They don’t take into account that the sound is also long, but not hard. Pairs are sounds that differ in only one attribute. A and - two. That's why they are not pairs. Firstly, children often mix sounds and letters at first. The use of a letter in transcription will create the basis for such confusion and provoke an error.

You need to understand, comprehend, and then remember that in fact, sounds and a pair of hardness and softness do not form. The conditions in which a particular sound appears are important. The beginning of a word, the end of a word, a stressed syllable, an unstressed syllable, a position before a vowel, a position before a consonant - these are all different positions.

In unstressed syllables, vowels undergo changes: they are shorter and are not pronounced as clearly as under stress. Both under stress and in unstressed position we clearly hear: , and we write the letters that are usually used to denote these sounds. Simplified. But many children with good hearing, who clearly hear that the sounds in the following examples are different, cannot understand why the teacher and the textbook insist that these sounds are the same.

It shows clearing of vowels after soft consonants. Positional changes are observed only for paired consonants. In all cases, positional softening of consonants is possible in a weak position. Naturally, in the school tradition it is not customary to present the characteristics of sounds and the positional changes that occur with them in all the details. Therefore, below is a list of positionally determined changes in consonants based on the method and place of formation.

A letter can denote the quality of the preceding sound, for example ь in the words shadow, stump, shooting. Comparison with vowel sounds. Each consonant has characteristics that distinguish it from other consonant sounds. In speech, sounds can be replaced under the influence of neighboring sounds in a word. It is important to know the strong and weak positions of consonant sounds in a word in order to spell them correctly.

Classification of consonants.

If a person pronounces consonants, he closes his mouth (at least a little), which causes noise. But consonants make different noises. Let's populate phonetic houses in the city of sounds. Let’s agree: dull sounds will live on the first floor, and voiced sounds will live on the second floor.

Sounds do not have paired soft sounds, they are always hard. But not all consonant sounds and letters form pairs. Those consonants that do not have pairs are called unpaired. Let's put unpaired consonant sounds in our houses. The sounds of the second house are also called sonorous, because they are formed with the help of the voice and almost without noise, they are very sonorous. First, let's put those whose names contain some soft sounds, secondly, those in whose names all consonant sounds are hard.

In order not to confuse hard and soft sounds when reading the transcription, scientists agreed to show the softness of the sound with an icon very similar to a comma, only they put it on top.

And then we will understand exactly what letter needs to be written. Let's find these loners together in the Russian alphabet. He didn't notice it because he was looking at the moon. And then his faithful knight entered. And scared away the fly. Well done! Either loud, or quieter, Cat - cat, year - year. We can easily distinguish them. And at the end we will write the letter correctly. Vowels without stress generally retain their sound. The letters e, ё, yu, ya play a dual role in Russian graphics. Sound is the minimum unit of sounding speech. Each word has a sound shell consisting of sounds.

Sounds are divided into vowels and consonants. They have different natures. According to the ratio of noise and voice, consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. The standard pronunciation is “hiccup”, i.e. inability to distinguish between E and A in an unstressed position after soft consonants. This change in vowels in a weak position is called reduction. In a word, vowels can be in stressed and unstressed syllables. In weak positions, consonants are modified: positional changes occur with them.