Which tree is not a conifer? Coniferous plants for the garden: names of varieties and descriptions of species

Gardening is a beautiful art. Along with fine arts, architecture and music, it brings a sense of beauty, gives happiness and harmony in the soul. And, it would seem, everything has already been said about gardens: which plants should be planted in the shade, which in the sun, which can be combined with each other, and which cannot. But there is always something surprising that I haven’t tried to work with before - for example, pine cones! Try using coniferous plants with cones in your garden design different color– and you will be surprised at the result!

Inspiration for the gardener
Did you know that conifer cones come in absolutely stunning colors and shades? They will become a real source of inspiration and creativity for the gardener! The leaves will fall, the flowers will fade, the lawn will wither, but the pine needles and cones will decorate your garden all year round, even from under the snow.

We are, of course, talking only about those trees that have a life form no more than 2–4 m high (why do we need cones that we will not see or will see in the litter)?

I’ll tell you about the most beautiful pine cones - year-round garden decorations.

Prickly spruce
Spruce cones appear in at different ages, while in the forest and in dense plantings much later, and in open spaces - earlier. The color of the cone changes during the ripening process. Spruce cones always hang down and fall off entirely.

The most decorative varieties Prickly spruce are presented below.

Push
The Push spruce variety has the most charming cones of a soft pink color, which over time changes to raspberry-purple, and the ripe cones become red-violet-brown. Cones appear at the ends of young shoots at 6–9 years of age.
Photo: El Push

The height of the plant at the age of 10 years is only 0.5 m, the maximum height is 1 m. Prickly spruce of the Push variety is often grafted onto a standard. In this case, the height depends on the height of the trunk, and such a tree no longer grows.

Akron
The Akrona variety has exceptionally beautiful large cones, which are located in groups or individually at the ends of the shoots. The shape is cylindrical. The color of the cones is red and bright purple; ripe cones are light brown.

The height of this conical asymmetrical spruce is 2.5–3 m and it grows slowly. Often the branches lie on the ground.

What is especially good about the Akrona variety is that cones appear even on young plants.

Lucky Strike
The prickly spruce variety Lucky Strike amazes with the beauty and size of its cones: at first lilac-red, over time they become light brown, 10–15 cm long.

The height of an adult plant does not exceed 1–2 m. At 10 years of age, its height does not exceed 1.2 m, and its diameter does not exceed 1.5 m.

Belobok
The cones of the Belobok spruce variety are very attractive: male cones are brownish-brown, and female cones are red. When ripe they turn green and then turn brown. The length of the cone is 5–10 cm.

The height of an adult blue spruce is 1–2 m.

Korean fir
Fir cones are very different from spruce. While still sitting on the branch, they lose their scales, and, in the end, all that remains of them is a charming rod. In addition, very young plant specimens are covered with cones. Fir cones always stick vertically upward.

The most decorative varieties of Korean fir are presented below.

Blauer Pfiff
Small charming buds of the Blauer Pfief variety will not leave anyone indifferent. They have a blue-violet color and a “barrel” shape. The plant reaches a height of 1–2 m.

Bonsai Blue
The Bonsai Blue variety, already at a young age, is abundantly sprinkled with expressive blue-violet cones. Plant height 0.5 m.

Molly
Charming purple candle cones of the Molly variety sticking up will become a real decoration of your garden. Their length is 5 cm. The height of the plant in adulthood is 3–4 m.

Blue Magic
The Korean fir variety Blue Magic is strewn with elliptical-shaped cones from a very early age. The cones, which shoot vertically upward, are blue-violet and purple-violet in color before ripening, but then become brown with a slight purple tint.

Plant height is 0.8–1 m, maximum in adulthood is 2.5 m.

Partners
Win-win partners for coniferous plants, capable of highlighting the beauty of their cones and not causing trouble with care, are barberry, Japanese spirea, hosta and sedum.

Features of care
Conifer cones do not require special care or care.

The plants themselves should be fed (in the spring with melted snow), watered in extreme heat, pinched for splendor and “silhouette,” and protected from the scorching rays of the sun in the spring.

This lesson will cover the topic “deciduous and coniferous trees”, which will help schoolchildren learn about two groups of trees - deciduous and coniferous. Let's look at them features.

Lesson: Deciduous and coniferous trees

As you know, each tree has its own distinctive characteristics. One of these signs is leaves. Sheet- This is one of the main organs of the plant, performing the functions of respiration and nutrition. The leaves of trees are very diverse in shape and size.

Birch has small carved leaves.

Linden leaves are shaped like a heart.

Oak leaves will expand at the top of the leaf.

Wide sheet plate maple has pointed ends.

Rowan has a complex leaf, with up to 15 small leaves on the central petiole.

Chestnut also has a complex leaf. The slightly pointed leaves meet at the apex of the main petiole.

Birch, rowan, oak, maple, linden are deciduous trees. They have their own distinctive features.

1) Presence of leaves.

2) In autumn, the color of the leaves changes.

3) All deciduous trees shed their leaves. This phenomenon is called leaf fall.

A large number of treesform a deciduous forest.

Let's get acquainted with some representatives of deciduous trees.

The most powerful tree in the forest is considered oak. Our ancestors considered oak sacred tree. The height of the oak is about 50 meters, life expectancy is 500 years. But there are also long-livers for more than a thousand years. In autumn the oaks ripen acorns.

These are hearty and nutritious fruits. The squirrel loves to eat acorns and will hide them in the hollow as a reserve. The forest bird jay is also a lover of tasty fruits. Wild boars also rush after acorns, because they need to accumulate fat in order to survive the winter.

Our ancestors knew: a lot of acorns on an oak tree meant a harsh winter. Wheat should be sown when the oak leaves unfurl. Oak is also considered a symbol of power and strength. Oak wreaths were awarded to the bravest warriors.

People say about cowardly people: “Trembles like an aspen leaf.” In reality, an aspen leaf trembles at the slightest breath of wind. This is due to the structure of the petiole . The aspen petiole is very thin and long, even in calm weather, the aspen leaves rustle quietly. In the spring, before the leaves appear, catkins appear on the aspen. People say: “The fluff has flown from the aspen tree, go into the forest for some aspen boletus.”

These are mushrooms that love to grow under aspen trees. The caps of these mushrooms resemble the autumn color of aspen leaves.

What tree is this riddle about?

Takes from my flower

The bee has the most delicious honey.

And everyone insults me

The thin skin is removed.

This Linden. Fragrant fragrant linden flowers attract bees. And it’s not for nothing that bees produce linden honey, it has healing properties. Our ancestors went to the linden tree for bast. This inner part bark. Thin strips were removed from the tree and bast shoes were woven. Linden wood is very soft and white. Furniture, dishes and musical instruments are made from it.

The second group of trees is conifers. Needles are modified leaves. Coniferous trees include spruce, cedar pine, fir, and larch. A forest consisting of coniferous trees is called coniferous. Unlike deciduous trees coniferous trees They don’t shed their needles in the fall, so their other name is evergreen.

Spruce is an evergreen coniferous tree. The crown of the tree reaches down to the ground, so the spruce forests are dark and damp. Spruce forests are called spruce forests. Spruce roots are located close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, from strong winds, spruce trees fall, forming impenetrable thickets and windfalls. This is what a spruce branch with cones looks like. The cones are oblong.

Spruce - very interesting and useful tree. Its wood is used for manufacturing musical instruments and paper. Coniferous trees emit special substances that fill the air pleasant aroma and cleanse it. How much joy the green beauty brings to the house under New Year!

Pine is a coniferous tree. The crown of the tree is at the very top, so it is light in the pine forests. Such a forest is called pine forest. The pine tree has powerful roots, so it is not afraid of strong winds. Pine can also grow on rocks and ravines. This is what a pine branch with a cone looks like.

Pine has longer needles than spruce. Needles grow on a branch, two at a time. The cones are short, round in shape.

Among coniferous trees, there is a tree with unusual properties - this larch. Like spruce and pine, larch has needles; in the fall, larch turns yellow and sheds its needles like leaves, which is why it is called larch. In spring, young needles emerge from the buds again.

If a forest contains both coniferous and deciduous trees, such a forest is called mixed.

Trees are the lungs of our planet. Absorbing harmful substances, trees release air and oxygen. Leaves retain smoke and soot. Trees need to be protected.

The next lesson will cover the topic “Autumn in the life of plants.” During the lesson we will learn about the most important seasonal changes, which occur in almost all plants. Let's see how autumn manifests itself, and then find out the role of autumn in the life of plants.

1. Samkova V.A., Romanova N.I. The world 1. - M.: Russian word.

2. Pleshakov A.A., Novitskaya M.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: Enlightenment.

3. Gin A.A., Faer S.A., Andrzheevskaya I.Yu. The world around us 1. - M.: VITA-PRESS.

1. Describe deciduous trees.

2. Describe coniferous trees.

3. Guess the riddles.

1. I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very straight - in height.

If I'm not on the edge,

The branches are only at the top of the head. (Pine)

2. You can always find her in the forest -

You will go for a walk and you will meet:

Stands prickly like a hedgehog

In winter in a summer dress. (Spruce)

3. In this sleek box

Bronze color

A small oak tree is hidden

Next summer. (Acorn)

4. Who knows what kind of tree this is?

A relative has a Christmas tree

Non-prickly needles.

But unlike the Christmas tree -

Those needles fall off. (Larch)

5. Takes from my flower

The bee has the most delicious honey.

But they still offend me

The thin skin is peeled off. (Linden)

Some of the most common representatives of the plant kingdom are conifers. They grow almost all over the land, but mostly in temperate regions. climatic zone. Coniferous plants are widely used by man and are very important for his life. In addition to the fact that they are the main supplier of oxygen on Earth, pine needles are used in cosmetology and medicine, wood is used for making furniture and building houses, and decorative types used in gardening and park art. All representatives of this class are very different from the rest, as they have a number of features.

Characteristics of conifers

This class includes about 600 species. Some of them are widespread, while others are quite rare. These plants were named so because the leaves of almost all of them are modified into needles called needles. And in botany they are classified as gymnosperms. All of them are characterized by the fact that the seeds develop in their cones. How else does the class of coniferous plants differ from the rest?

  • These are the most ancient representatives of the plant kingdom. Their remains are found in strata belonging to the Carboniferous period. Moreover, they were then widespread even beyond the Arctic Circle.
  • Almost all modern conifers are trees. And their structure is also different from all the others. They have one trunk with branches extending from it different sides shoots.
  • Many representatives of coniferous plants are long-lived. Now there is a North American pine, which is almost five thousand years old, and the mammoth tree lives about 3,000 years.
  • In terms of size, coniferous plants are also record holders. The tallest tree in the world is the sequoia. Its height can reach more than 110 meters. The thickness of the trunk of conifers is also striking in its size: in the Mexican swamp cypress and mammoth tree it reaches 12-16 meters.
  • The peculiarities of all conifers also include the presence of resin in their wood. It is thick and has strong odor and healing properties.
  • All representatives of conifers are used by humans in one way or another and are among the most necessary plants on the ground.

Appearance

This class mainly includes trees, but there are also tree-like shrubs. Almost all conifers are evergreen, only some less common species lose their leaves. It is quite easy to distinguish representatives of this class from the rest by the special structure of the leaves. Almost all of them are changed into needles - needle-shaped shoots or flat scales. They have a small surface area and evaporate little water. This makes it possible for such plants not to shed their leaves in winter. In addition, the peculiarities of the geographical distribution of conifers explain other characteristics of their leaves. They are located on the branches in a spiral and have a dark green color. This gives them the ability to catch scattered sunlight, because conifers grow mainly in northern and temperate latitudes. Almost all such plants have a dense woody trunk, but thin bark. They have a powerful taproot with lateral branches. This is necessary so that the plant can get water from great depths and stay in mountainous and sandy areas.

Distribution of conifers

They generally grow at temperate climate. Sufficient soil moisture is necessary for their life. Therefore, coniferous forests are common in northern and temperate latitudes. Some of their representatives are found even close to the permafrost boundary. Their further advance to the north is hampered by the inability to obtain water in such conditions. In warm latitudes, they are found only in the mountains, where it is not very hot.

Basically, all coniferous plants are concentrated near the pool Pacific Ocean where conditions are most favorable for them. Most of them are distributed in the northern hemisphere, but they are also found in Australia, New Zealand and South America. We can say that there are coniferous plants in every corner of the globe.

Names of the most common genera

  • Pine.
  • Cedar.
  • Fir.
  • Larch.
  • Sequoia.
  • Cypress.
  • Juniper.

Coniferous plants for the garden

Many gardeners use them in the design of their plots. Even an ordinary spruce or pine brought from the forest can decorate a garden. But decorative species grown in a nursery take root better. The richness and variety of shades and sizes of coniferous plants allows you to decorate any area. Even for a small flower bed there are dwarf species, and tall trees add to the garden, especially in large area, unusual look and splendor. The most common coniferous plants for the garden are spruce and pine. They can be used as hedges and borders. Pine tolerates pruning well and can be given any shape. Medium-sized plants - thuja globulus, juniper and cypress - are also in great demand, as they look beautiful in any area. Flowerbeds can be decorated with creeping varieties of juniper and other dwarf species.

Decorative and coniferous shrubs are widely used in the formation of landscape design. They are distinguished by their endurance and beautiful appearance.

We invite you to find out what are the most common coniferous trees and shrubs that can be grown in different climatic conditions.

Coniferous trees: names and photos

Next you see the names of what types of coniferous trees there are, which can grow in many regions of our country. There are many photos of coniferous trees from different angles. We hope that the names and photos of coniferous trees will help you make right choice seedlings for your garden.

FIR ABIES

The flat needles are usually white or gray on the underside. Most species grow too tall for the average garden. The exceptions are the blue-gray Arizona Fir (A. arizonica) 'Compacta' - 2 m and the dwarf variety Balsam Fir (A. balsamea) 'Hudsonia' - 30 cm.

CEDAR CEDRUS

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Cedar of Lebanon (C. libani) is too large for the average garden, but there are dwarf and weeping varieties such as ‘Nana’ and ‘Sargentii’. Atlas cedar (C. atlantica) ‘Glauca’, 3 m high, has blue-green needles, and Himalayan cedar (C. deodara), also 3 m high, has hanging shoots of the lower variety ‘Golden Horizon’.

CYPRESS CHAMAECYPARIS

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

A very popular genus. Eat dwarf varieties for rockeries and tall trees for large garden. Lawson's cypress (C. lawsoniana) is the most popular view; has many varieties - ‘Elwoodii’ (turns blue in winter time), ‘Minima Aurea’ (golden, dwarf variety) and ‘Lane’ (golden, columnar).

KUPRESSOCIPARIS CUPRESSOCYPARIS

  • Reproduction: cuttings under glass in summer

Cupressociparis replaced Lawson's cypress in a hedge of coniferous species. It can withstand heavy pruning. C. leylandii reaches a height of 10 m if pruned and a height of 20 m if left unpruned. Trim the hedge 3 times from late spring to early autumn.

CYPRESS CUPRESSUS

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Stake young trees to stakes and do not prune. There are columnar K. evergreen (C. sempervirens) 3 m high, and K. large-fruited (C. macrocarpa), also 3 m high, with a conical crown shape. Its popular yellow variety is 'Goldcrest'.

LARCH LARIX

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

This tree can grow in a country estate, but not in the average garden. This is one of the few deciduous coniferous trees. In winter it stands with bare branches, and in spring bunches of needle-like leaves appear on them. European larch (L. decidua) in adulthood reaches a height of 25 m or more.

SPRUCE PICEA

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Norway spruce (P. abies) is a traditional tree. Serbian spruce (P. omorika) has a narrow conical crown; the Norway spruce variety ‘Nidiformis’ is a dwarf 30 cm high with a flat top. There are also other colors - Prickly spruce (P. pungens) is blue, and Eastern spruce (P. orientalis) ‘Aurea’ is 3.5 m high with yellow needles.

PINE PINUS

  • Location: must be sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Most pines are too tall, but there are slow-growing and dwarf varieties. Scots pine (P. sylvestris) has a number of cultivars, and black pine (P. nigra) is good tree for single landing. Dwarf varieties include Mountain Pine (P mugo) 60cm tall and Weymouth Pine (P. strobus) ‘Nana’.

Coniferous shrubs: names and photos

Now get acquainted with such a magnificent group of plants as coniferous shrubs. On this page you see the names and photos of coniferous shrubs for landscape design. The photo of coniferous shrubs shows different kinds registration of plots. The names of coniferous shrubs are given in generally accepted usage.

CRYPTOMERIA CRYPTOMERIA

  • Location: best sunny
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Cryptomeria japonica (C. japonica). The green leaves turn reddish-brown in winter. K. japonica has a height of 6 m, but at maturity can reach 25 m. ‘Elegans’, 3 m tall, has feathery foliage; ‘Vilmoriniana’ is a popular dwarf variety for rock gardens.

JUNIPER JUNIPERUS

  • Location: sunny or partial shade
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

There are many types - creeping ones, such as Juniperus horizontalis (J.horizontalis); medium-sized shrubs like M. media (J. media) ‘Pfitzerana’; and tall trees such as J. virginiana ‘Skyrocket’. You can find junipers with green, gray, blue or yellow leaves.

TISS TAXUS

  • Location: sunny or partial shade
  • Reproduction: acquiring new plants

Slow growing coniferous plants. Yew berry (T. baccata), 2 m tall, is a popular species for hedges. The ‘Fastigiata’ variety has a narrow columnar crown shape; ‘Repandens’ is a dwarf with a height of 60cm. Medium yew (T. media) ‘Hicksii’ forms rounded bushes.