Boiler with atmospheric burner. How to choose a gas heating boiler: important characteristics and overview of the modern market Atmospheric boilers what

Heating gas boilers have a complex structure. Their design includes combustion chambers, gas burners for boilers, and they are equipped with automation. Included double-circuit equipment There are also boilers that heat water for household needs. Regardless trademark and models gas boiler, its most important part is the burner. The efficiency of the entire operation largely depends on it. heating system home, as well as saving fuel resources.

Classification of gas burners

In a device called a gas burner, the process of mixing the supplied gas and the intake or forced air occurs, followed by combustion of the combustible composition in the combustion chamber. It can operate under conditions of main gas supply, as well as from a cylinder or a special tank. The process itself depends on the characteristics of the burner and the ability to customize it to certain conditions.

Depending on the method of air supply, gas burners are divided into two types:

• atmospheric - an air-gas mixture is obtained due to the natural absorption of air from the surrounding space and mixing it with the supplied gas;
• supercharged, using a fan to force air;
• combined.

In the first case we are talking about boilers with open combustion chambers, and in the second - with closed ones. Also, gas burners for heating boilers have different type power regulation:

• single-stage – the simplest and most affordable;
• two-stage – with two automatically switching operating modes;
• smooth two-stage - with soft flame adjustment between two stages;
• modulated - the most efficient and reliable, with precise and quick adjustment depending on changes temperature regime coolant. It is characterized by high cost.

What to look for when choosing

When purchasing, you should take into account the operating conditions of the heating equipment, the features of its operation and capabilities. Maintenance. The dimensions of the gas burner must be in accordance with the dimensions of the boiler firebox, otherwise, instead of reliability and durability, you will end up with a burnt-out combustion chamber.

Each of the burners has its own characteristics, thanks to which one or another model is chosen for each specific case.

When choosing a gas burner, the following is of particular importance:

• manufacturer;
• characteristics;
• model;
• price;
• equipment compatibility.

Atmospheric burners

This design is a perforated tube with a profile cross-section into which gas is supplied. A reduced pressure is created in the tube, due to which air is sucked into it directly from the room where the boiler is located. As a result, a flammable substance is formed that supports the combustion process after ignition of the wick using a piezo or electric element. Such burners have another name - injection.

Atmospheric burners are quite often called gas burners, designed for heating boilers equipped with open combustion chambers.

The gas burner option under consideration is perfect for small houses, up to 100 square meters. meters. Atmospheric gas-burner for a boiler, as a rule, cheaper than forced-air analogues. But the cost modern models with automatics is high.

Advantages

Atmospheric burners are widely used among owners of private houses. To their positive characteristics include:

• noiselessness;
• compactness;
• independence of most models from power supply;
• reliability due to design simplicity;
• low operating costs;
• reasonable price.

Flaws

ABOUT weaknesses we can say the following:

• low power;
• low efficiency (no more than 90%);
• sensitivity to frequent changes in pressure of the supplied gas (the need to install additional automation, in particular, a control relay that responds to changes in pressure);
• maintaining a high level of cleanliness of the room where the boiler is located to avoid clogging the burner with dust.

Pressure surges can lead to burnout of the gas burner nozzle when the gas supply is reduced, or to burnout of the heat exchanger when the flame height is too high.

Pressurized burners

For use with boilers equipped closed camera combustion, forced-air, or blowing, burners are designed. The air here is forced by fans. In this case it appears additional opportunity flexible control of the power of the gas-air mixture flow, in connection with which, there is a real achievement of high efficiency indicators.

Pressurized burners have a more complex design. It is noteworthy that air is supplied to this device in parts, but it mixes with gas almost instantly. Gas boilers, in turn, also have their differences from those that work in tandem with atmospheric burners.

Schematically, the boiler is represented by barrels of different diameters and depths inserted into each other so that their bottom is at the top. A coolant circulates between the walls, heated by the burner torch from several sides at once - on top and on the sides. This design ensures high performance of the equipment.

A significant difference between forced-air burners and atmospheric burners is that the former are considered not integral part boilers, and additional equipment, which is purchased separately.

Modern pressurized burners are necessarily equipped with automatic equipment, ensuring uninterrupted and reliable operation heating equipment. Externally, they look like a block, inside of which there is the burner itself with a built-in electric fan.

The devices under consideration are divided into:

• vortex, equipped with round outlets. Provide powerful air flow and stable combustion;
• direct-flow, supplying the combustible mixture through outlet openings having different shape(circle, slot, rectangle).

Advantages

It should be rightly noted that forced-air gas burners:

• safe - the combustion process occurs in an isolated space;
• highly productive and highly efficient, thanks to their design features,The efficiency is about 95%;
• insensitive to pressure changes - a decrease in the indicator is compensated by the presence of a fan;
• environmentally friendly;
• have the ability to replace with other types of burners.

Flaws

It is not so easy to find equipment that is free of shortcomings. They are also present in blower burners:

• the presence of noise during operation dictates the need to install the boiler in a separate room;
• dependence on electricity requires the presence of a UPS in the system;
• the volumetric dimensions make it impossible to install heating equipment in small rooms;
• the high cost of the device prevents its use by all categories of consumers.

Combination burners

They are produced for combined heating boilers that can operate on both gas and liquid fuel (fuel oil, diesel fuel). Such devices do not require replacement in case of transition from one combustible mixture to another. But the switching process itself is quite complex and requires the presence of a professional.

The burners in question are fully automated, which minimizes human factor. They have functions for controlling flame power, combustion mode and other equally useful processes.

Combination burners have not gained popularity among homeowners due to their complex design and high price, combined with low efficiency.

Proper care is the key to long-term operation

During operation, the gas burner needs timely cleaning of soot. It appears during operation and, if accumulated in large quantities, can lead to sudden ignition. A scheduled inspection of the equipment and regular maintenance of the heating device and gas burner will help you avoid troubles.

If you are cleaning it yourself, we recommend that you read the included instructions. But a more prudent decision would be to contact specialists who have experience in this field. In this case, the work will go much faster and better, with the least amount of dirt.

To maintain the combustion process, an influx of oxygen and its constant circulation are necessary. IN gas boilers this is done in two ways - through a coaxial pipe or by taking air directly from the room. A gas cast iron atmospheric boiler operates on the latter principle. Its design may differ from traditional models with a closed burner, which affects its operational and technical properties.

Principle of operation

Ensuring the flow of air into the gas combustion zone occurs due to natural or forced ventilation. If this requirement is not met, the draft indicator will be minimal, which will reduce the heat transfer of the gas and may cause gas contamination in the boiler room.
The air flow circulates from vent to the gas burner. A zone of low pressure is created there, which causes draft in the direction from the ventilation hole to the chimney pipe.

It can be concluded that an atmospheric boiler is heating device, the operating principle of which is based on maintaining the combustion process by constantly enriching the air masses in the burner area with oxygen. The source is indoor air.

Features of models with atmospheric burner:

• arrangement required separate room for boiler room;
• you can upgrade a solid fuel boiler by installing a gas burner in its combustion chamber;
• opportunity battery life without connection to the mains;
• mandatory installation of a vertical chimney.

For heat supply, floor-standing atmospheric gas boilers with cast iron heat exchangers are used. The latter has a positive effect on maintenance-free service life and optimization of the transfer of thermal energy from flame to water.

Comparison with turbocharged models

To operate turbocharged models you need coaxial pipe. Air intake occurs from the street along its outer ring. The main difference between these boilers and atmospheric ones is the possibility of installation in household premises, in particular in the kitchen. This is the only option for gas heating of an apartment or small private house.

What are the criteria for choosing a turbocharged or atmospheric gas boiler for heating? Models with coaxial chimney will be optimal for the following options:

• there is no possibility to equip a boiler room;
• small heating area;
• Maximum autonomy is required.

Wall-mounted atmospheric gas boiler or its floor option It is recommended to install under the following conditions:

• large building area;
• operation on several types of fuel;
• there is no possibility of connecting to the mains.

Another positive point is the relatively low cost. You can choose an option with a minimum configuration, without expansion tank, circulation pump, adapt the boiler to the parameters of a specific heating system.

Burner selection

One of the ways to save money on heat supply equipment is modernization solid fuel boiler. It is important that its heat exchanger and combustion chamber are designed for increased thermal effect. The heat output of atmospheric gas burners for boilers is higher than that of wood or coal.

Their design is simple - there is a pipeline for supplying fuel, several nozzles for spraying, and a device for ignition. Additionally, fans or turbines are used to pump air.

Basic burner characteristics:

• Power control method. There are single-stage, two-stage, modulated and with smooth switching of fuel supply. How more complex design, the more economical the consumption will be. But at the same time its cost increases.
• Possibility of using another type of fuel, for example diesel. Price for similar models significantly higher than standard options.
• Gas pressure requirements. Relevant for systems using reduced (cylinder) gas. Not all burners have a device for changing the incoming fuel pressure.

The burner package must include flame and CO2 level sensors. Otherwise, if there is insufficient draft, there is a high probability of flame extinction and, as a result, gas pollution in the room. This is true for homemade single-circuit atmospheric gas boilers converted from solid fuel ones.

Installation rules

Before installing the equipment, it is necessary to properly arrange the boiler room. The basic standards are set out in SNiP 42-101-2003. Ceiling height of at least 2.5 m, separate exit, window area - 0.03 m? by 1 m? boiler room Ventilation is based on three times the air exchange, additionally the burner consumption is taken into account. The latest data is indicated in the passport.

If a double-circuit atmospheric wall-mounted gas boiler is installed, a supply is made cold water to provide hot water supply. Mixing unit installed separately. The pipe material must withstand maximum temperature coolant.

Additionally, the following nuances are taken into account:

• the minimum length of the chimney pipe is 6 m;
• the finishing material of walls, floors and ceilings in the area where the equipment is located should not be flammable, the minimum fire resistance limit is 0.75 hours;
• When using liquefied (cylindered) gas, a separate storage space is equipped.

Maintenance and possible operational problems

For normal operation heating system, you need to periodically clean the nozzles from soot. It quickly appears when using liquefied gas. Indirect signs of contamination are a decrease in heat output, a change in the color of the flame. For maintenance it is recommended to use special kits.

The type of flame determines the following defects in system operation:

• breakthrough into the burner indicates insufficient draft;
• flame separation from the nozzle means a high flow rate of the air mixture.

You should also periodically clean the fan or turbine. Over time, a layer of dust and dirt appears on their inner surface, preventing normal operation.

Atmospheric gas boilers are the best option for heat supply country house, industrial or commercial building. They are distinguished by a large selection of models and the ability to heat large areas.

Not a single building located in a changing climate can do without a heating system. climatic zone, since heating creates an acceptable indoor microclimate and allows a person to live and work in comfortable conditions. Heating boilers are universal heating devices created specifically for these purposes.

Types of boilers. Atmospheric heating boilers

One of the most common types of such equipment in Russia and other countries is a gas boiler. It operates either on natural gas or liquefied gas. Half of all boilers sold are gas boilers, as the type of fuel they use is one of the cheapest available today.

Depending on where the heating equipment is installed, gas boilers are distinguished between wall-mounted and floor-standing. Floor-standing ones, in turn, are divided into two more groups: atmospheric heating boilers (with an atmospheric burner) and forced-air boilers.

Atmospheric burners have more simple design, and therefore cost less and are quieter. Supercharged ones have greater efficiency, which is why they cost much more. In addition, they can have both a gas burner and a liquid fuel burner. But more on that in the next article, but now we’ll talk about atmospheric heating boilers, their advantages and disadvantages.

Gas enters atmospheric boilers due to excess pressure in the gas main. As already mentioned, such boilers are much cheaper.

Atmospheric boilers can quickly fail if there is low gas pressure. But there are also those that are capable of operating at 2-3 times lower pressure in the gas line. Therefore, it is advised to choose a boiler that allows falling gas pressure up to 5-6 mbar.

The most preferred are boilers that can operate at a power of up to 100 kW, as this allows them to operate over a wider range with changes in gas pressure in the main line. In addition, the operation of such boilers is cheaper.

Atmospheric gas burners are an integral part of the heating boiler

An atmospheric gas burner is an essential part of a heating boiler. Some models may be an exception Russian production, which were created for gasification of certain brands of domestic boilers universal type. Air enters the combustion zone of atmospheric burners due to the injection effect. This means that the gas that enters the burner pipes also takes with it required amount air for normal combustion.

Typically atmospheric heating boilers already configured at the factory to operate using natural gas, but most manufacturers have kits for converting atmospheric burners to liquefied gas. Only specialists can install such a kit and configure the burner to work with liquefied gas.

As already mentioned, atmospheric burners are especially sensitive to changes in gas pressure. The gas pressure in the line should not go beyond the minimum mark, otherwise the burner pipes may begin to burn out. Many European manufacturers, due to the harsh Russian realities were forced to lower this threshold to 8 mbr. To prevent fire from occurring, the burners were equipped with a gas pressure control relay, which turns it off if the pressure drops or becomes lower permissible norm. When the pressure returns to normal, the burner resumes operation.

In addition, atmospheric burners in boilers also react to unstable, low voltage. This applies to all types of burners as well as to all energy-dependent equipment. During power surges, the automatic electronic components of the burner may fail. If the voltage drops to 180-160 V, gas valves burners may not open. This problem can be solved by installing a high-quality stabilizer. The best option– provide the boiler with an uninterruptible power supply.

Thus, the main advantages of boilers with an atmospheric burner are as follows:

1. They operate silently;
2. Have quite high level efficiency;
3. Easy to maintain;
4. Boilers of various capacities are available on the market.

The main disadvantages are the dependence on draft and the mandatory presence of a supply and exhaust ventilation system.

In addition to everything said above, atmospheric boilers are very sensitive to construction dust. When it clogs the burner pipes, the passage of gas into the combustion zone becomes more difficult. This causes burnout of the burner tubes. In order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to minimize boiler operation during repair work, install a tightly closing door in the boiler room, which will prevent dust from entering the boiler; regularly clean the room where the heating equipment is located, clean the burner at least 2 times a year, and for the period of repair or construction work- every month. If you follow these recommendations and regularly contact service department for servicing atmospheric boilers, they can last for decades.

To understand which boiler is better, atmospheric or turbocharged, to use for a specific heating system, you need to understand some design features and the operating principle of the devices.

An atmospheric gas boiler can be wall-mounted or floor-mounted, as well as single-circuit, intended only for working with the home heating system, or double-circuit (with an additional coil) - for heating water.

A combustion chamber is installed in such a boiler open type, that is, air intake occurs directly, in a natural way. It is precisely because of this feature that atmospheric installations are located in special boiler rooms, which can be equipped in a private country house, as a rule, does not pose much of a problem. But if it is planned to install a gas boiler in an apartment, then this factor becomes not only a disadvantage, but also an obstacle.

In addition, to remove combustion products, a traditional chimney with access to the roof of the building is required, which, again, is quite feasible in a private house, but difficult in an apartment building. Exceptions may be apartments of old construction with existing chimneys, which still need to be modernized over the years, but the percentage of such houses is small. If you plan to install an atmospheric boiler in a country house, then in addition to boiler room equipment, you will need initial stage construction, design and install a chimney taking into account all the rules and regulations. It is imperative that the furnace room be equipped with effective system ventilation, which will provide the flow of oxygen necessary for the combustion process.

Operating principle of an atmospheric boiler

An important difference between an atmospheric boiler and a turbocharged one is the type of burner. In the first model, it is a set of nozzles, the diameter of which is small enough to ensure gas exits at a certain pressure. It also regulates the amount of incoming oxygen, and, accordingly, the intensity of combustion.

The principle of operation is based on the fact that the burner heats the heat exchanger, which can be made of cast iron or steel, thus heating water or other coolant. And the combustion process is ensured and supported by mixing the gas mixture with air before supplying it to the burner nozzles. The latter, based on the principle of mixing, can be with partial or complete mixing, the operating efficiency and efficiency of which are slightly higher, but it is important to note that they are almost never found on the domestic market.

All of the above factors can be considered either features or disadvantages of the equipment, depending on the specific situation, but atmospheric boilers have two important and undeniable advantages that often sway the consumer in their favor. First of all, this is the fact that most models of this type are non-volatile, and therefore preferable in operation in the presence of constant interruptions or unstable power supply. The second advantage is the low price (in comparison with turbocharged models of comparable power) of the equipment. It is important to note the safety of operation, for which the traction sensor is responsible, and which is equipped in almost all models of this type.

Types of gas boilers by number of circuits and type of combustion chamber

In this article we will understand how single-circuit boilers differ from double-circuit boilers, and also look at the difference in atmospheric and turbocharged gas boilers.

Today, owners of private houses, when choosing a heating system for their home, most often give preference to gas boilers, since they are inexpensive and easy to use.

You can find out the price and buy heating equipment and related products from us. Write, call and come to one of the stores in your city. Delivery throughout the Russian Federation and CIS countries.

However, when purchasing such units, ordinary people often find it difficult to choose equipment based on the number of circuits and structural features of the combustion chamber.

Let's take a closer look at the types of gas boilers.

Single-circuit turbocharged gas boiler

Single-circuit and double-circuit boilers

Depending on the number of circuits, gas boilers are divided into single-circuit and double-circuit.

Single-circuit boilers are designed for heating an apartment or house. They are connected to a battery system, and the devices heat water exclusively for them. Such a unit is not capable of heating water for washing dishes or taking a shower; this will need to be taken care of separately.

Double-circuit boilers can be used both to heat your home and to heat water for various domestic needs, since they have an additional heat exchanger. This device also comes in two types:

1. Flow type heat exchanger - they have a “DHW priority” mode. If you want, for example, to take a shower, then you just need to set this mode and the boiler will switch to the second DHW circuit. In such instances, heat exchangers with low power, so they are only suitable for small houses and apartments.
2. — in such devices, the tank volume is from 160 to 180 liters, so they can heat water both in storage mode and in flow mode.

Principle of operation

In single-circuit boilers there is only one heat exchanger, which heats water only for the heating system of your home.

In units with one circuit, the main part is the combustion chamber, which contains the coil and. The heat exchanger itself is located directly above the coil. The fluid can circulate naturally or with the help of circulation pump.

The double-circuit heat exchanger is initially equipped with an auxiliary boiler for domestic hot water. Water from the cold water supply system is heated thanks to the hot coolant of the primary circuit, which is responsible for heating. The device has a special valve that monitors the direction in which the coolant moves.

The operation of all double-circuit boilers is based on the principle of priority DHW systems. This means that the moment you open the tap hot water, the boiler will immediately completely stop heating water for heating and begin heating it for hot water supply.

It follows from this that two circuits cannot perform work simultaneously. When heating water, the circuit responsible for heating does not work. And it will begin to function only the moment you close the hot water tap.

Advantages and disadvantages

When choosing units with one or two circuits, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of each device.

Advantages of single-circuit boilers:

• lower price than dual-circuit ones;
• operation does not depend on pressure in the water supply;
• high power and efficiency;
• consume significantly less gas than dual-circuit ones.

Heating and hot water supply system with a single-circuit gas boiler and an indirect heating boiler

Disadvantages of boilers with one circuit:

• are intended only for heating the room; to heat the water you need to install a special indirect heating boiler;
• you need to equip a special place where the boiler will be installed;
• more complex harness.

Advantages of double-circuit boilers:

• not bulky, so installation difficulties will not arise;
• ease of use;
• economical, because heat exactly the amount of water required.

Disadvantages of boilers with two circuits:

1. Inconsistency of water temperature in the hot water supply. This is due to the fact that when you open the tap, the water will only begin to warm up, so you will have to wait some time until water of the required temperature begins to flow. In addition, the device does not have high power, which is why the water pressure may be weak. Units with one circuit and a boiler do not have such difficulties.
2. More expensive than single-circuit boilers WITHOUT a boiler.
3. They are not economical, since the second circuit is turned on only at the moment when the flow of water is very noticeable.

Atmospheric and turbocharged gas boilers

According to the type of combustion chamber, gas boilers are: with an open combustion chamber (atmospheric) and with a closed combustion chamber (turbocharged).

Let's look at the characteristics of these devices in more detail.

If your house has a chimney, then it is better to opt for an atmospheric boiler. If there is no chimney or the apartment is heated, then it is better to give preference to a turbocharged one.

In atmospheric gas boilers, gas is burned in an open combustion chamber, and combustion products are released naturally, i.e. through the chimney due to the flow of air from the street.

In such a device, the main element responsible for heating the coolant is an atmospheric burner, which consists of a nozzle, an air regulator, an ejection pipe, and a head.

Functioning consists of mixing two media and feeding them in a specific direction.

Air enters the open type boiler from the room. This means that it must be installed exclusively in the boiler room.

Construction of a turbocharged gas boiler BAXI FOURTECH

In turbocharged boilers, the combustion chamber closed type. This means that the device is completely isolated from the airspace of the room.

Therefore, the requirements for the room in which it can be placed are not as stringent as with the atmospheric option.

In such units, the main element is a blower burner, and a fan is responsible for supplying air to it.

Thanks to this, the fuel is burned much better.

In boilers of this type, combustion products are removed using.

Differences

To do right choice and stop for more optimal option gas boiler, you should familiarize yourself with and take into account all the indicators and characteristics of the operation of the device.

Undoubtedly, the main difference between atmospheric boilers and turbocharged ones is in the design of the combustion chamber and the operating principle. The design of the turbocharged unit has a closed burner device, using forced intake and removal of combustion products by means of pressure injection or a turbine. During operation, air from the room used as the boiler room is not burned.

In addition, copies atmospheric type consume more fuel. When installing them, it is imperative to comply with the standards and requirements described in SNiP. For example, such boilers cannot be installed in multi-storey buildings, cover the building with a facade, etc.

The main difference between a turbocharged boiler and an atmospheric one is the ability to forcibly remove combustion products and take air masses for the operation of the burner from the street.

Advantages and disadvantages of boilers

The main advantages of boilers with an open combustion chamber:

• work quietly, without causing inconvenience;
• fairly high efficiency;
• they are easy to maintain;
• reliable;
• can operate at low gas pressure (up to 15 mbar).

Atmospheric and turbocharged gas boiler

Disadvantages of atmospheric boilers:

• are unsafe because they have open camera combustion;
• dependent on traction, for their equipment prerequisite is the presence of a supply and exhaust ventilation system.

Advantages of boilers with a closed combustion chamber:

• high efficiency;
• absolutely safe to work with;
• there is no need to install a whole chimney; the design can function with a regular coaxial pipe.

Disadvantages of turbocharged units:

• energy dependent, cannot work without electricity;
• it is necessary to install a condensate trap.

Now you can understand the features of atmospheric and turbocharged, single-circuit and double-circuit gas boilers. And make the right choice.