Speech therapy exercises. Speech therapy exercises, classes

were carried out as efficiently as possible and were not difficult for the child, you should adhere to certain rules in their implementation.

• All classes should be built according to the rules of the game, since otherwise you may encounter the child’s stubborn reluctance to study.
• The duration of a lesson without a break should be no more than 15-20 minutes (you should start with 3-5 minutes).
• Classes should be held 2-3 times a day; The best time to practice is after breakfast and after an afternoon nap.
• Don't force your child to study if he doesn't feel well.
• Designate a special place for classes where nothing can disturb the child.
• When explaining something to a child, use visual material.
• Do not use the word “wrong”, support all your child’s endeavors, praise even minor successes.
• Talk to your baby clearly, facing him; let him see and remember the movements of your lips.
• Don't be afraid to experiment: based on the recommendations given on this site, you can come up with games and exercises yourself.

In addition to conducting specific activities, you should read to your baby as much as possible. Don't forget that communication with you is very important for your child. And not only during classes, but also every minute of your time together.

Be patient and don’t give up what you started, even if the result is not visible right away. As they say, patience and work will grind everything down. And you and your baby will definitely achieve success. Good luck and patience.

So, you have decided to start teaching your child on your own before you have the opportunity to get qualified help. Before you begin, prepare everything you might need.

· Large table mirror so that the child can monitor whether he is doing the exercises correctly articulatory gymnastics.

· "Loto" various topics(zoological, biological, “Dishes”, “Furniture”, etc.).

· It is also good to purchase dummies of fruits, vegetables, sets of small plastic toy animals, insects, Vehicle, doll dishes, etc. (or at least pictures)

· Cut-out pictures of two or more parts.

· Your hobby, until the child’s speech underdevelopment is completely compensated, should be collecting various pictures that may be useful in the process of preparing for classes (colorful food packaging, magazines, posters, catalogs, etc.) Get a large box at home where you will put your “ collection."

· To develop fine motor skills, purchase or make games yourself: plasticine and other materials for modeling, construction sets, lacing, counting sticks, etc.

· A notebook or album for sticking pictures and planning lessons.

The main difficulty for parents is the child’s reluctance to study. To overcome this, you need to interest the baby. It is important to remember that the main activity of children is play. All classes must follow the rules of the game!

You can “go on a trip” to the Fairytale Kingdom or visit Dunno. A teddy bear or doll can also “talk” to the baby. Rare child will sit still and absorb knowledge. Do not worry! Your efforts will not be in vain, and the results of your studies will definitely appear.

To achieve results you need to practice every day. The following are held daily:

• games to develop fine motor skills,
• articulation gymnastics (preferably 2 times a day),
• games to develop auditory attention or phonemic awareness,
• games for the formation of lexical and grammatical categories.

The number of games is 2-3 per day, in addition to games for the development of fine motor skills and articulatory gymnastics. Don't overtire your baby! Don't overload with information! This may cause stuttering. Start practicing with 3-5 minutes a day, gradually increasing the time. Some classes (for example, on the formation of lexical and grammatical categories) can be carried out on the way home. The duration of a lesson without a break should not exceed 15 - 20 minutes.

Later, the child’s attention will dissipate, and he will not be able to perceive any information. Some children cannot concentrate even during this time, because each child is individual. If you see that your child’s gaze is wandering, that he no longer reacts at all to your speech, no matter how hard you try and attract all the play moments familiar to you, then the lesson must be stopped or interrupted for a while.

Use visual materials! It is difficult for children to perceive words separated from an image. For example, if you decide to learn the names of fruits with your child, show them in their natural form or use dummies and pictures.

Speak clearly while facing your child. Let him see the movements of your lips and remember them.

Don't use the word "wrong"! Support all your child’s endeavors, praise even minor successes. Don't demand from him correct pronunciation words right away. It’s better to just repeat the sample pronunciation of this word yourself.

Today, many parents who care about the comprehensive development of their child know that the formation of competent writing and reading skills is facilitated by the normal speech development of the child. Before starting classes, it is necessary to conduct an examination of the baby’s speech, to find any shortcomings in pronunciation.

Here are the characteristics of a child of this age:

1. By the age of 5, the baby should be able to master all speech sounds, with the exception of hissing sounds and “R”, sometimes the sound “L”, which the child may still have trouble pronouncing.
2. The child’s vocabulary must have a sufficient supply of words so that he can compose a sentence of 5-7 words.
3. The child must be able to use words in the singular and plural.
4. The child must be able to describe an object, pointing out its qualities.
5. The ability to conduct a dialogue is another of the norms characteristic of children of this age. When communicating with an adult, his speech should be understandable, not only to parents, but also to strangers.
6. The child must quickly say his first name, last name, age, names of parents, names of animals that live nearby.

If a child cannot do any of the above, he will benefit from attending speech therapy classes. They will be aimed at developing fine motor skills, enriching vocabulary, development of air flow and, of course, correction of impaired sound pronunciation.

In private speech therapy centers, consultations and classes are conducted by a speech therapist. However, his work is not cheap. But parents who have the opportunity to study at home with their baby will be able to spend this time profitably. Moreover, in a relaxed home environment, the child feels more comfortable: there is no unnecessary stress from communicating with a stranger.

Speech therapy classes at home

Various literature comes to the aid of mothers.

One of the manuals that you can use at home is “Speech therapy homework for children with special needs for 5-7 years” by N.E. Teremkova. These tasks can be offered to children under 5 years of age.

We suggest using the manuals of two more authors - Bardysheva T.Yu. and Monosova E.N. They offer teachers and parents a large number of benefits intended for the development of children from the age of 10 years.

In order for homework to be successful, you need to follow some rules:

• All classes must be conducted in game form so that the child is captivated by everything that is happening, and also does not understand the true meaning of the exercises being performed.
• Classes should be limited in time. To begin with, it is 3-5 minutes, then increase to 15-20.
• Quantity play activities about 2-3 per day, so the material will be absorbed faster.
• Praise your child for every success, support him kind words. Do not use the word “wrong” - the child may become withdrawn and no longer make contact.
• It is better to conduct classes at hours when the child is not tired. Best time for this purpose - after breakfast and after an afternoon nap.
• When talking to a child, turn to face him and pronounce all sounds clearly. Remember, you are a role model.
• If, while completing a task, you get acquainted with certain natural phenomena, you need to do this at a time for which these phenomena are characteristic (in winter - studying winter phenomena, in summer - summer ones).

Stages of homework

Let's clarify the procedure for conducting classes at home:

• Finger gymnastics.
• Gymnastics for articulation organs.
• Games for onomatopoeia, hearing development, logorhythmics.
• Speech development, vocabulary replenishment.

Let's look at each stage of home exercises in order.

Gymnastics for fingers

It is known that there is a strong relationship between the human hand and the brain. Therefore, by performing small movements with our hands, we thereby train areas of the cerebral cortex. Well, if these movements are combined with speech, then the benefits from such exercises will be much greater.

Parents, when doing finger gymnastics with their baby, should not just ask them to perform any actions, but learn and repeat short poems, sayings, and songs with the child.

There are a huge variety of exercise options for fingers. In bookstores you can find a large amount of literature with entire sets of exercises for the development of motor skills. Any mother can use these publications.

In general, a number of movements can be identified that contribute to the development of fine motor skills:

• stroking one palm with the other;
• massage the fingers of one hand with the other hand;
• alignment of the thumb with other fingers;
• Aligning the fingers of two pens with each other.

Playing with the “magic bag” into which mother pours cereal is of great benefit. Each bag can contain either the same type of cereal or a different one. Usually buckwheat, peas, beans, and rice are used.

The child is asked to touch small and large inclusions with his fingers. Another option for using cereal: just mix in a plate different types and ask the baby to sort it out.

Basic exercises are shown in this video:

Articulation gymnastics

These exercises are aimed at strengthening the muscles of the articulatory apparatus and developing the range of movements. Any subsequent production of sounds is preceded by articulation exercises.

Exercises are divided into dynamic and static. When performing first, the tongue and lips perform some exercises, that is, they constantly move. When performing the second, the organs of articulation must “take” a certain position and hold it for several seconds. Such exercises are more difficult for a child, it is important to teach the child to do this.

There are different exercises that can be done at all times for all children. They simply contribute to the development of movements of all muscles of the apparatus.

There are exercises that “prepare” those muscles necessary when pronouncing a sound that a child cannot pronounce well.

Among the exercises are the following:

• to develop and strengthen the muscles of the tongue;
• on the development and strengthening of the lip muscles;
• for the development and strengthening of the cheek muscles;

Here are some of these exercises:

"Smile." Stretch your lips strongly in a smile, but your teeth should not be visible. Hold a smile for 30 seconds.

"Fence". Smile hard so that your teeth are visible, hold the smile.

“Let’s punish the naughty tongue.” Open your mouth slightly, place your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, pronounce “five-five-five...”.

"Tube". Open your mouth, stick out your tongue and try to bend its side edges upward in the form of a tube, hold it in this position for 30 seconds.

“Let’s lick the jam.” Slowly, without lifting the tongue, first lick the upper lip from corner to corner, then repeat the procedure with the lower lip.

“The clock is tick-tock.” Make a smile, open your mouth slightly, then use the tip of your tongue to touch the corners of your mouth one by one.

“Brushing our teeth.” Smile, open your mouth slightly, then use the tip of your tongue, pressing it hard enough, to clean inner part teeth of the lower row (7-10 times). Repeat the same exercise with the teeth of the upper row (7-10 times).

"Swing". Smile and open your mouth wide. Then lower the tip of the tongue behind the bottom row of teeth by “one”, and lift it by the top row by “two”. Repeat – 4-5 times.

It is better to do exercises not just on demand. Get your baby interested. Invite him to take a trip to a magical land, where main character- tongue. Imagine together, and these activities will bring a lot of benefits to your child.

Don’t forget, all exercises to develop articulation organs must be performed in front of a mirror. The child must not only feel where the tongue is and what the sponges are doing, but also see all this.

Basic exercises are shown in the following videos.

Development of phonemic hearing

Since a child does not master speech on his own, but by perceiving sounds from those around him, it is necessary that the people living nearby speak correctly.

In addition, the people around him at the stage of development of a child’s speech can play a huge role in its development. Many ear development activities are based on onomatopoeia.

Let's look at what exercises you can do with your baby at home:

• Guess which object is ringing. The adult invites the child to look at objects that can make sound. Shows how they ring. Then he hides an object that makes a sound behind his back (drum, spoon, glass) and asks the child to guess what is ringing.
• Guess where the sound is. The adult moves around the room behind the child and rings the bell in different places. The child must show with his hand the place where he hears the ringing.
• Imitating the sounds that animals make. To complete this exercise, it is advisable to use plot and subject pictures. You can look at the animal and discuss how and where it lives. And say the sound it makes. (Frog, bee, cat, etc.)
• Imitation of everyday sounds. The exercise is based on repeating sounds that we hear from different objects. (water dripping: KAPP-KAP, train is moving: TU-TU, etc.)

Logorhythmic exercises play an important role in the development of hearing and sense of rhythm. These are exercises that combine movement, speech and music. The child really likes this type of activity. An adult shows the child movements and pronounces words, all this is done to the accompaniment of well-chosen music. The main thing about this is to prepare in advance. After all, how will a lesson be interesting if an adult constantly makes mistakes in words?..

Speech development

Work on the development of a child’s speech includes two areas:

1. Vocabulary work, where the child clarifies his idea of ​​the surrounding world of objects and phenomena, relationships between people.
2. Development of the grammatical structure of the language - the child learns to use words in correct form, make sentences correctly.

Vocabulary work solves the following problems:

• clarifying the understanding of the words in the child’s vocabulary;
• enriching the vocabulary with new words;
• developing skills in using new words in independent speech.

The child masters the world, and in order for this work to be interesting and useful for him, it is necessary to use construction kits, toys, children's books, subject and subject pictures.

I would like to recommend the demonstration material developed by the authors Olga Gromova and Galina Solomatina for use in home speech development classes. It is presented in pictures with clear and bright illustrations that will be understandable and interesting to children.

Don’t forget, when working with a picture, it is necessary to pose the question correctly so that the child can find words to indicate the quality of the object.

It is important to understand that in speech given word may not be used. To this end, new words need to be repeated in combination with other familiar words. For example, when reading Surikov’s poem “Winter,” the child is asked to think about what else can be called the word “fluffy”: a kitten, a towel. By repeating it in combination with familiar words, the child begins to use it in independent speech.

The material you work with must be appropriate for the child’s age. For a 4-year-old there may be fairy tales “Ryaba Hen”, “Kolobok” and others. A fairy tale encourages sympathy for everything good; it is necessary both for the development of speech and for moral education.

Reading fairy tales should be accompanied by the display of bright illustrations. It’s good to reinforce what you read with a beautiful cartoon. This will deepen the impression of the fairy tale.

At the age of five, a child can be asked to compare the characteristics of objects, generalize (vegetables, fruits), and make sentences using reference words (girl, forest, basket). The material is fixed in didactic games, great help Proverbs and tongue twisters contribute to this.

Here sample list topics offered to the child:“Parts of the human body”, “Clothing”, “Seasons”, “Vegetables, fruits and berries”, “House and its parts”, “Furniture”, “Animals”, “Transport” and others.

The development of the grammatical structure of speech occurs with the enrichment and activation of the vocabulary, the formation of coherent speech. Most often, children encounter errors in changing nouns by case and number (no boots, pencils, kittens, goslings). It is these difficulties that you need to pay attention to when conducting individual lessons with your child.

Here are some types of exercises that are carried out with the child:“One is many” (hands and hands), “What will I show you?” (Flowers, lamp) “To whom - what? (a bone for a dog), “Who eats what?” (cow - grass), “Call it affectionately” (cat - cat, ring - ring), “Divide the word into two” (plane - flies itself), “Who is it and which one?” (round, sweet apple), “Whose part is this?” (the fox has a fox tail), “Yesterday - Now” (yesterday I went to the park, now I’m playing with a doll) and others.

Today on store shelves you can find a large amount of literature that details exercises and activities for the development of coherent speech in a child, which can be used at home.

Don’t forget, the child is growing and will soon go to first grade. And the success of his studies at school depends on how well his speech is formed. The period from 4 to 7 years is the most favorable for the development and correction of speech.

Spend as much time as possible with your baby at this stage of development and you will thereby lay a strong foundation for the child’s future success.

You can see an example of a speech therapy session in the following video.

Improving a child’s speech at home

When a child begins to make his first sounds, we are touched, it seems so funny and amusing to us. But if you hear such speech from an adult, then this admiration will disappear. But the ability to speak correctly needs to be developed in early childhood, and if this is not done, in the future a person will not be able to fully communicate with other people, his speech will be distorted, ugly and incomprehensible. And if your child is already experiencing difficulties in pronouncing any sounds, conduct speech therapy classes and exercises with him - they perfectly develop the articulatory apparatus, improve speech, and teach children to correctly express their thoughts.

Ideally, by the age of 4-5 years, children master clear pronunciation of all sounds. For various reasons, the process of developing correct sound pronunciation slows down for many preschool children.

Defects in sound pronunciation will not disappear on their own; to eliminate them, systematic exercises with a speech therapist, as well as joint classes with parents, are necessary. A properly structured training system is your main assistant. In this article we will reveal for you several simple techniques and exercises, by doing which your child will learn correct pronunciation

Where to start speech therapy exercises? The structure of a well-constructed lesson.

After a thorough diagnosis of the child’s speech, you can begin classes aimed at correcting it. It is worth noting that as a result of a speech examination, the specialist receives information concerning not only his speech development, but also intellectual and psychomotor.

A competent specialist uses this data to influence the child using the most developed resources of the child himself, based on what is interesting to the child. He will offer you the most optimal scheme building a speech therapy lesson.

Remember that at this age 15-20 minutes is enough; material given in excess of the norm will not bring results and will not be absorbed in full. Also understand that play is the main activity at 4-5 years old, so the process of correcting sound pronunciation is built in a playful form.

Types of speech therapy classes for children

Speech development classes may consist of:

• finger games;
• articulatory gymnastics;
• games for onomatopoeia, hearing development, logorhythmics (poetry with movements);
• poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development.

Speech therapy classes needs to be done daily. The most difficult thing about them is to be able to interest the child. Therefore, it is not at all necessary that such classes be conducted like lessons at school, where students humbly sit at their desks and the teacher explains in a monotonous voice new topic. For kids, such activities are akin to torture. Turn on your imagination: let your baby learn with you, playing on the rug, sitting on a pillow, hiding in his hut, jumping or running... The main thing is the final result. Build your lessons in a playful way - this way your child will remember the material better and won’t get tired at all.

In addition, when arranging speech therapy classes with your child at home, you should:

1. Start classes with 2-3 minutes, gradually increasing their duration to 15-20 minutes.
2. Make classes interesting so that the child has a desire to study. Never force your child to do exercises - you will get the opposite result.
3. Perform tasks more often, but let them be short-term.
4. Treat your child’s failures easily, without shouting, with understanding. Analyze each situation together, for example, look for the reason why the child has such a naughty tongue, and how to fix it.

Now let's look at each of the types of speech therapy games listed above.

Finger games

Develops through finger games fine motor skills child. How does this help speech development? Scientists have found that there is a close relationship between the human hand and the part of the brain that is responsible for speech. Therefore, by learning texts using finger exercises, the child develops spatial thinking, imagination, reaction speed, attention and emotional expressiveness. Memorizing texts occurs faster, and speech becomes more expressive.

The effectiveness of finger games is achieved if you work with your child daily, devoting only 5 minutes to such exercises. Let's look at a few examples of finger games.

1. "Flower". Fingers pointing up, gathered together. We make a bud from half-bent palms, pressing them together. We begin to pronounce the quatrain, performing movements on every second line:

   The sun is rising -

   The bud is blooming! (spread the fingers of both hands to the sides, keeping the lower part of the palms together)

   The sun is setting -

   The flower goes to bed! (return to the starting position).

2. "Kitty." Place your palms on the table and clench them into fists. To the words “Fist - palm. “I’m walking like a cat,” we simultaneously straighten our fingers, without lifting the handles from the surface of the table, and squeeze them. To complicate the exercise, unclench your palms alternately on the count of “one, two.” You need to repeat the exercise 3-5 times.
3. "The bird is flying." Cross your arms with your palms in front of you. Intertwine with each other thumbs, which will imitate the head of a bird. The remaining fingers are wings that will need to be flapped without separating the fingers.

   The birds have flown (flapping their wings)

   We sat down and sat, (press our palms to our chests)

4. "Maple". This game is suitable for children 3 years of age. All movements are performed in accordance with the text of the poem:

   The wind quietly shakes the maple tree, (spread your fingers and pull them up)

   Tilts to the right, to the left: (swing your palms to the right and left)

   One – tilt and two – tilt, (tilt your palms as low as possible in the indicated directions)

   The maple leaves rustled. (we move our fingers quickly)

5. "Cake". We perform movements according to the text of a poetic work.

   We remember the dough with our hands (squeeze and unclench your fingers several times)

   We will bake a sweet cake. (think imaginary dough)

   Lubricate the middle with jam (make circular movements with your palms on the table surface)

   And the top with delicious cream (with three palms touching each other in a circular motion)

   And coconut crumbs

   We will decorate the cake a little (we imitate the action with both hands)

   And then we’ll make tea -

   Invite a friend to visit! (we shake our left hand with our right hand).

6. "Winter". Suitable for children 4-7 years old.

   One, two, three, four, five, (fingers bend one at a time)

   We went out into the yard for a walk.

   We sculpted a snow grandmother (we perform the movement of sculpting snowballs)

   The birds were fed grains (we throw grains, rubbing our fingers together)

   Afterwards we rode down the hill (we move our palm right hand on the left palm)

   They were happily lying around in the snow. (we alternately place the pens on the table surface, either with our palms or with our backs)

   We came home in the snow, (shake off the snow from our palms)

   We ate borscht and went to bed. (we make movements with a spoon and pretend to be asleep by folding our hands, palms to palms, and placing them under our cheeks)

Finger games can be used as physical education during speech therapy classes. They help to change the type of activity without losing children's attention and desire to learn. In addition, it is interesting, fun and useful. The main thing is to tell the poems with exciting expression and clearly show the movements.

In addition, finger games help:

• develop coordination of movements of both arms of the child;
• combine the child’s speech and physical activities, use them simultaneously;
• develop precise and differentiated movements of children’s fingers and hands;
• learn to repeat the movements of adults;
• become more attentive, develop visual perception;
• improve memory, imagination, perseverance.

Finger games need to be done systematically. Classes are possible with one child or with a group of children. However, it is important to take into account the age of the children, their mood, readiness for classes, desire and opportunity.

Articulation gymnastics

You can find the presentation and musical accompaniment for articulatory gymnastics on this page.

Articulatory gymnastics is necessary for correct sound pronunciation, strengthening the muscles of the face, tongue, lips, and soft palate. There are many exercises, a specialist will help you choose the most suitable ones for your sounds.

Tasks are divided into static and dynamic. Each has a name that your baby can easily remember, which will make it much easier to understand the instructions during class. Using a little imagination, you can go on fabulous trips with your child, where the main character will be the child’s tongue. There are many variations, it all depends on you. Below are the same exercises; after reading the descriptions, you will understand that they are not complicated and do not require additional knowledge from you (parents).

Articulatory gymnastics is a group of exercises for the tongue and lips. They are the main ones in the process of sound pronunciation. If the tongue is not developed enough, a person will not be able to pronounce sounds, which means that his speech will be incomprehensible or not clear enough.

They perform articulatory gymnastics in front of a mirror - this way you can see the correct movements of the tongue and lips during exercise. It is very important for children to see how his tongue and lips move, how and where they are located. This way, understanding of their correct location quickly comes, on which the effectiveness of articulatory gymnastics depends. Speech therapists recommend doing the exercises twice a day for 5-7 minutes. As a result, your child will receive correct and clear speech.

Let's look at a few simple but effective exercises.

1. "Smile." Stretch your lips strongly in a smile, but your teeth should not be visible. Hold a smile for 30 seconds.
2. "Fence". Smile hard so that your teeth are visible, hold the smile.
3. “Let’s punish the naughty tongue.” Open your mouth slightly, place your tongue on your lower lip and, slapping it with your lips, pronounce “five-five-five...”.
4. "Tube". Open your mouth, stick out your tongue and try to bend its side edges upward in the form of a tube, hold it in this position for 30 seconds.
5. “Let’s lick the jam.” Slowly, without lifting the tongue, first lick the upper lip from corner to corner, then repeat the procedure with the lower lip.
6. “The clock is tick-tock.” Make a smile, open your mouth slightly, then use the tip of your tongue to touch the corners of your mouth one by one.
7. “Brushing our teeth.” Smile, open your mouth slightly, then with the tip of your tongue, pressing it hard enough, brush the inside of the teeth of the lower row (7-10 times). Repeat the same exercise with the teeth of the upper row (7-10 times).
8. "Swing". Smile and open your mouth wide. Then lower the tip of the tongue behind the bottom row of teeth by “one”, and lift it by the top row by “two”. Repeat – 4-5 times.
9. "Snake". Open your mouth, stick out the narrow part of your tongue from your mouth and quickly hide it back. Touching teeth and lips is prohibited.
10. "Rent a pencil." Place a pencil on the table in front of the child. Ask him to smile, place the wide front part of the tongue on the lower lip and, slowly (exhaling air), blow on the pencil so that it rolls along the surface.

In addition to articulatory gymnastics, exercises are used aimed at developing the voice, breathing, and speech hearing. In this complex, classes will allow the child to develop correct sound pronunciation.

Logorhythmics, hearing development and onomatopoeia

Phonemic hearing (also called speech hearing) is the ability to distinguish, understand and produce sounds. With insufficient development of speech hearing, the perception of what is heard is distorted, and accordingly, speech is produced incorrectly and unclearly. To correct or prevent the development of this problem, the following exercises are performed with children:

1. “Ears-hearing” is a game for developing hearing. The goal is to improve auditory attention and strengthen the ability to distinguish sounds. The adult shows the child several different objects that can make sounds - spoons, drums, glasses, rattles, maracas, etc. Together with your baby, you need to listen to how objects sound. Then the adult asks the child to turn away and guess what object will sound behind him.
2. “Where is it ringing?” - exercise for hearing development. To play you will need a bell and a spacious room. The child stands with his eyes closed, while the adult quietly moves around the room, ringing the bell in different places. The child’s task is to point with his hand where the bell rang without turning around.
3. Onomatopoeia games: in principle, any children’s story-based picture is suitable for this exercise. For example, in the picture a girl is rocking a doll: “Oksana puts the doll Masha to sleep and says ah-ah. Let's help her together! A-ah-ah!” Help your child, use movements that imitate rocking a baby, control your baby's articulation.
4. Exercises to imitate the voices of birds and animals. To make such games more interesting, it is recommended to use pictures or figures of animals and their babies as visual material. For example, the game "Komarik". For this you will need an image of a mosquito. The adult says: “Meet this mosquito’s name Stepan. When he flies, he likes to sing the song z-z-z. Can you sing this song? Let's try it together with Stepan! Z-z-z.” Then we invite the child to catch the “mosquito” in his fist and listen to his song. We grab the air with our fist, bring it to our ear and pronounce: z-z-z. Next, we invite the child to also catch the “mosquito” and listen to its song. You can imitate everyday noises: scissors cutting - chick-chick, water dripping - drip-drip, etc.
5. Logorhythmics are speech therapy exercises that combine movements, speech and music. Children really like this type of activity - they find it fun and interesting. First, the adult reads the poem and shows the movements, all of which is accompanied by skillfully selected music. Then the children repeat everything themselves or with an adult - it couldn’t be simpler. The main thing is to prepare thoroughly in advance. For example, the game "Walk".

   Along a narrow path (we walk in place)

   Our legs walked (we walk, raising our legs high)

   Over the pebbles, over the pebbles (we slowly shift from foot to foot)

   And into the hole... bang! (jump and sit on the floor)

Poems for replenishing vocabulary, speech development

You can download poems and exercises for them.

Tongue twisters - these are small rhyming phrases - are great for speech development. With their help, speech becomes clear and correctly correct, they increase the child’s vocabulary, improve speech hearing, and improve diction.

The beavers go into the cheese forests,

Beavers are kind, beavers are kind.

Dali along with curdled milk

Our Klasha porridge.

Ate-ate porridge Klasha

Along with curdled milk.

Six little mice rustle in the reeds.

Sasha knocked off the cones with his hat,

I got a bruise on my forehead.

Mama washed Mila with soap,

Mila didn't like soap.

There are many such tongue twisters; you can find them in specialized literature for children. You shouldn’t immediately learn complex poems with your child - start small. And remember: the child knows and understands much more words than he pronounces; they are simply, so to speak, “in sleep mode.” And for the baby to start using these words in communication, you need to help him. And this can be done by constantly studying with him, reading books to the child, looking at pictures with him, commenting on what he saw or heard. Help your child become erudite, with beautiful diction and competent speech person. And then successful and happy life he will be provided with.

When a child of 2-3 years old still does not speak, parents panic. It seems to them that if the neighbor's children speak very well, then theirs, however, this is not so. Speech therapists say that every child is individual. You can practice at home. In this article you can familiarize yourself with exercises, tips and tricks that will help interest your child. You will learn why speech therapy classes for children are needed. 2-3 years is the age of interest in everything and curiosity. Therefore, you will not have any problems.

Speech therapy classes at home

Each child is individual. One starts talking early, the other starts talking late. Of course, all parents worry when their 2-year-old toddler doesn’t want to speak at all, but only points his finger. To prevent such incidents from happening, it is necessary to regularly conduct speech therapy sessions with children.

First of all, your child needs regular communication. In order for him to be interested in spending time with adults, he needs to interest the baby. Then 2-3 years will be useful - the age when a child should be able to speak at least some words. If this does not happen, then pay maximum attention to the exercises.

Most often based on imitation. Kids try to copy those around them. These are actions, words, gestures, facial expressions, etc. A 2-3 year old child is restless and does not know how to concentrate, so it is best to work with him when he wants it. First of all, parents need to achieve emotional contact with the child. When this happens, you can safely engage with your baby, play or just communicate.

Warm-up: finger games

Few people believe that they are developing speech. However, this has been scientifically proven. Therefore, try to pay attention. Here are some examples:

1. Fold big and index fingers. Let the rest be raised and spread out. Show the children this cockerel, saying: “Our Petya the Cockerel, the golden comb, went to the market and bought one boot.”
2. Close your thumb and index fingers and tap them on the table. At this time, say: “The chicken came and found a grain, did not eat it herself, but took it to the children.”
3. Close the thumb with the two middle fingers, and simply bend the little finger and index finger slightly, saying: “The mouse is gnawing on the dryers, the cat has come, the mouse has crawled into a hole.”
4. Arch your phalanges into different sides, saying at the same time: “Our fingers are very friendly, everyone needs them. We need to count the brothers, there are five of them on one hand. There are no less of them on the second, they are all good, because my fingers.”

Finger gymnastics is a warm-up that every child needs to get him interested in a further lesson. After all, speech therapy classes for children require perseverance. 2-3 years is the age of fidgets. Therefore, we first interest the baby, and then we begin the exercise.

Articulation gymnastics

Before conducting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old at home, it is necessary to develop the muscles of the tongue. This is why it is needed. It is advisable to spend it together with the baby in front of the mirror:

• Let the child imagine that the tongue is a brush. His mouth should be slightly open. The tongue should be drawn across the palate towards the throat and back to the teeth.
• Exercise “Tongue on a swing”. At the same time, open your mouth wide. At this time, the tongue lies under the lower teeth. Then lift its tip under the upper teeth. This exercise must be done at least four times.
• "Delicious jam." You need to lick your upper lips first with your tongue, then move on to the lower lips. Do the exercise 5 times.
• Brush your teeth with your tongue. Open your mouth wide. Run the tongue first over the lower teeth, then over the upper teeth. Do this exercise 4-5 times.

This is how speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) are held at home. However, the child will have fun and interest only when you engage with the baby in the game, and not force him.

Onomatopoeia: who sounds? What's knocking?

When you have successfully completed finger and articulation gymnastics, you can begin to study sounds or syllables. To do this, you need to imitate the sounds of animals or objects with your child. Say the following phrases to your baby:

1. “Our frog is the head of the swamp, sits on the sand and says: “Kva-kva.”
2. “The cockerel was afraid to fall into the river and kept shouting: “Ku-ka-re-ku.”
3. “My bell rings ding-ding all day long.”
4. “The bunny gnaws the carrot appetizingly and creates a little noise: “Chrum-crunch.”
5. “The rain says: “Drip, drip.” You need to take an umbrella with you.”
6. “The horse runs merrily and clatters its hooves. This is not a boot, but the sound of a knocking “clack-clack-clack.”
7. “The pig says: “Oink-oink, I’ll give you some candy.”
8. “The clock gives us a sign of time and it sounds “tick-tock”.”
9. “A steam locomotive travels around the world and repeats: “Too-too, I’m going.”
10. “Anechka got lost in the forest and called her friends: “Ay-ay.”

Speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) at home are very useful and exciting. In a playful way, you and your baby can achieve great success.

Logorhythmics

Such activities help children not only master speech, but also expand their vocabulary. Speech therapy rhythms develop a child’s motor skills, speech, thinking, memory, and attention. Exercises are given to children from two years old. When your child speaks poorly, let him repeat only what he remembers. If he does not speak at all, then the adult sings, and at this time the child’s hearing develops and his speech reserve is replenished.

Speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old are interesting and exciting. When you start singing and doing the exercise, the child will become interested, and he will involuntarily begin to repeat after you. There are several exciting games:

• "For a walk". You need to read aloud a verse to which the baby repeats certain movements:

Our legs(reaches palms to feet)

walking along the path(slaps his hands on his knees).

Over the bumps, over the bumps(moves in slow steps)

all the flowers step over(raises his legs high).

• Game "Weather". The child sits on a high chair and listens to slow music. When you say: “It’s raining,” he pats his knees with his palms in rhythm. Hearing the words: “Lightning has appeared,” the baby rings the bell. When you said: “Thunder is thundering,” the child stomps his feet loudly. When the word “silence” is said, the baby becomes silent and sits motionless for a minute.
• Do exercises, saying: “First, we raise our handles “one-two-three”, then we lower our handles. We'll stomp our feet, clap our hands, jump, run, and we'll finish our exercises. And we will begin to walk quietly again.”

These are interesting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old. Exercises should be carried out only with musical accompaniment. Then the child will really like such activities, and he will please you with his successes.

Games for hearing development

These activities are necessary for the child to develop hearing. Children must identify sounds. This could be the sound of rain, thunder, a dog barking or a cat purring, etc. Speech therapy classes with non-speaking children 2-3 years old should be carried out as usual. Remember, this is not a pathology, but most likely laziness, which needs to be overcome with the help of exciting exercises.

Let your baby listen to 2 sounds, for example, a baby crying and a vacuum cleaner running. Let the little one determine who or what is making the sound. When tasks are already easy for him, you can complicate the exercise. Let the baby listen 3 different sounds, and then 4. If he is in no hurry to say, then help him and do not scold the baby.

Poems for speech development

Speech therapist classes for children 2-3 years old can be carried out by parents at home. If you practice with your baby every day, then he will start talking faster than you expect.

Poems are an integral part of speech development. It is important that there is a simple rhyme, then it will be more interesting for the child to practice:

1. “There was a small fight in the river. Something was not shared between the two cancers.”
2. “Our dear turtle always hides in her shell out of fear.”
3. “Topotushki, topotushki, a bunny is jumping at the edge of the forest. He was tired and sat down and ate a carrot.”

Poems for children 2-3 years old are offered very small so that the child can easily remember them. When you see that the baby begins to recite small rhymes in full, then you can complicate the task.

Pure talk

They are also necessary for the development of the baby’s speech. Pure sayings, like poems, should be short and easy to remember:

• "Oh-oh-oh - our cat isn't so bad."
• “Uh-uh-uh - our rooster crowed.”
• "Ah-ah-ah - we are standing on our feet."
• “Sha-sha-sha - mom’s noodles turned out delicious.”
• “Shu-shu-shu - I’ll ask daddy.”
• “Shi-shi-shi - how the reeds rustled.”

You can come up with such pure sayings yourself. It all depends on which letters the baby cannot pronounce.

Nowadays, it is very common to find non-speaking children aged 2-3 years. This does not mean that the child has speech problems. Speech therapists say that there is no need to worry until the age of three. However, speech therapy classes for children still wouldn’t hurt. 2-3 years is an inquisitive age, so kids will be happy to exercise if they are interested.

The first few lessons should last no more than 3 minutes. Then you can gradually increase the time. It is important that the baby likes it. If you see that your child is tired and doesn’t want to study, don’t force him. Postpone the exercises until your baby is in the mood for exercise.

It's better to exercise a little every day. Then the baby develops skills, habits and memory. Don't scold him for incorrect movements and pronunciation. Remember, your baby is just learning. Don't discourage him from studying. After all, if you scold and punish, then nothing good will come of it.

Conclusion

In the article we got acquainted with several types of games. They are excellent for speech development. From this we can conclude that the exercises are not difficult. Therefore, speech therapist classes with children 2-3 years old can be carried out by the mother at home. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of experts.

Thanks to the above games, you will well replenish your child’s vocabulary, help you think logically, imagine and fantasize. Children's memory improves, they become more diligent and begin to speak faster: first some sounds, then syllables. Many children, with the help of such games, immediately spoke not in words, but in sentences. So don’t worry about your baby’s speech. Daily activities will help you and your baby achieve great success.

First sounds and words little man Quite funny and makes adults smile. However, no one will smile if they hear inverted words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is important element our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one’s thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds is something that not only children, but also adults should strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home are constant communication with the child in a playful way. Once your child is interested, you can engage with him by playing games for speech development such as

• finger games (games for developing fine motor skills)
• articulatory gymnastics
• games for hearing development, games for sound vibration and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and vocabulary replenishment

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious task. After all, sitting down a little fidget is not so easy. In general, it is not necessary to sit him down; you can work with the child when he is playing in his hut or jumping on the sofa. Classes should be held in a playful way. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without hysterics and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting homeschooling with your children:

• classes should initially be short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• The child should enjoy the activities. Don’t force or insist, as this can completely discourage your child from wanting to do anything.
• It’s better to practice more often, but little by little. Frequently performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during classes. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why his tongue is so naughty and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. There is a close relationship between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using “finger” gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, and develops reaction speed and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to exercise every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the speech organs. The tongue must be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulation gymnastics you need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works and where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automaticity, you need to constantly practice. It is important to perform the exercises correctly and carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing the voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Games for sounds, hearing development and logarithmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to correctly hear, recognize and differentiate sounds.

Games for hearing development

1. “Ears are rumors”

Target: consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden and metal spoons and crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, he reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. “Who said “Meow?”

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of domestic animals by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of pets' voices.

3. “Who is standing at the traffic light?”

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name types of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noise.

The speech therapist plays an audio recording with street sounds. Children listen to sounds and name vehicles stopped at a traffic light (car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. “Where is it ringing?”

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game “Thunderstorm”

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

Drops dripped (knock on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tapping loudly with four fingers).
It started hailing (knock their finger bones, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder (drum your fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw lightning in the air with your fingers, make the sound sh).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap your hands, hide your hands behind your back).
The sun is shining brightly in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction, following the speaker, of the sounds, words, and phrases he has spoken.

To play, use animal figures or pictures. Mothers and their babies. After all, the mother frog screams KVA, and the little frog screams KVA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, papa bear growls loudly, mama bear is quieter, and the cub squeaks.

Games to imitate household noises:

• The clock is ticking - TICK-TOCK
• Water is dripping - Drip-Drip
• The baby is stomping - TOP-TOP
• The hammer knocks KNOCK KNOCK
• Scissors cut CHICK-CHICK
• We swing on the swing KACH-KACH
• We eat carrots CRUM-CRUM
• The car is driving BBC

Speech therapy rhythmics or logorhythmics- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children have fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary poems in advance and learn the movements to them. You also need to select musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to exercise in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along a narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By the pebbles, by the pebbles (shuffle from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... bang! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercises to practice clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase a child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently and be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child speaks)

Initially, the child’s active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive dictionary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

I use various manuals to work with my child; one of the latest successful acquisitions is “Big Album on Speech Development” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for speech development."

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This book consists of 3 sections, for each section there are given detailed instructions how to practice

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Exercises for the hands (pages 8-29)
  • 2nd group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pages 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic finger exercises (pages 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented using fairy tales with verses, additional cards available plus images included correct result exercises. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing and auditory attention.
• Tongue Twisters. They are grouped according to “difficult” sounds, which helps your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing baby's speech (pages 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulatory gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• Developing the speech of a younger preschooler (pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• Developing the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, developing logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book (on Ozone appeared), but is available separately books for kids children from 3 to 6 years old And older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I wasn’t worried, my daughter is growing up, and we will study the first block with her.

Engage with your child only when good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help him overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and closer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you work with your child? What do you use for this? Does your child like to study? Please share in the comments your methods for developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

About how to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.