Mini workshop for the production of furniture panels as a business. How to make a furniture board with your own hands How to glue a furniture board together

The figure shows another way to connect wooden parts: gluing boards into a shield (panel for carving) and additionally fastening wooden transverse strips in the shape of a tenon. Rafted boards or bars in shields must be directed along the long side of the shield, in square or round shapes- vertically. Material components taken from the same wood, mainly from the same trunk; the material of the transverse planks should, as a rule, be from another wood, more durable or with other advantages: for example, it is known that oak is not afraid of moisture, pine and spruce are also less susceptible to hygroscopicity, less worn down by wood-boring beetles, cedar, olive, larch, Boxwood is resistant to rotting and cracking. The crossbars (dowels) have a trapezoidal profile (“ dovetail") and slightly taper towards the end in the shape of a wedge. They are driven into sawn grooves one towards the other.

Manufacturing technology of composite shields

Dried wood is carefully checked to detect and eliminate defects that are likely to interfere with work.

First they take planed boards the required length and thickness, taking into account an allowance of 30 to 100 mm, and the face and edge are jointed at an angle of 90°. The width of the boards when gluing can be from 50 to 100 mm. The quality of the joint is checked against the light, applying the edges to each other. The precision of edge jointing must be high enough, otherwise the shield may crack at the gluing site both during and after the carving process.

When laying out the blanks into a shield on the front side where the carving will be done, select the texture pattern and color of the wood, since the “striping” of various blanks can affect the quality of the product and reduce the overall effect.

Gluing wooden blanks edges to obtain large-width panels:
clamping with screws and wedges

The jointed workpieces are placed in clamps or clamps (in the pictures above), the correct layout at the ends, the texture pattern and the density of the edges are checked, the edges are smeared with glue and clamped with screws or wedges. To receive blanks large section boards are glued together in layers

Gluing boards in layers into blocks to obtain a workpiece with a large cross-section:
1 - workpiece, 2 - clamping screw.

To glue the shields, depending on where the decorations will be located, use different kinds glue. So, for gluing shields that will be installed on outdoors, casein and synthetic adhesives are used, which have great bonding strength and high water resistance.

For carved panels, souvenirs and other products, synthetic as well as glutinous (carpentry) glues are used. There are casein adhesives, carpentry adhesives, PVA emulsion, EDP glue, etc. on sale. The method of application is usually indicated on the labels or in the instructions. Types of adhesive joints are shown in the figure.

Types of side adhesive joints in panels:
1 - connection to a smooth reveal; 2 - connection on dowels; 3 - rail connection;
4 - quarter connection; 5 - rectangular spike; 6 - triangular spike;
7 - oval spike; 8 - trapezoidal tenon; 9 - dovetail spike.

Properly glued panels are less susceptible to warping. Sometimes panel boards or other large carvings may come into contact with a surface that is subject to cooling or moisture, which in turn can cause warping. In this case, the shields are reinforced by gluing profiled bars or slats into the end or face.

Reinforcement of panels with inserts of profiled beams and slats:
1 - gluing of timber with a rectangular tenon; 2 - gluing in a rectangular strip; 3 - gluing in trapezoidal beams.

Lumber that is sold in “Building Materials” stores is also suitable for house carving: linings, boards and bars for flooring. They are easy to glue because they are already milled and have a specific cross-sectional shape.

After drying, the glued boards are carefully smoothed out and cleaned with a plane with a double piece of iron or a jointer. The boards are not sanded before carving, since when grinding, crumbs of abrasive powder get stuck in the pores of the wood and greatly dull the tool.

The ideal case for the durability of the parts being connected is the use of stained wood, that is, wood that has been in water for a long time. For miniature crafts the desired material is pear, which retains its shape well when dried, with wild pear being more durable.

It remains to recommend, if the opportunity arises, to use the middle lobe cuts of the same trunk to compose the shield; they prevent warping when drying. It must be remembered that when drying, the board bends in the direction of straightening the annual layers.

Gluing of furniture panels is carried out not only in industrial scale. Home craftsmen resort to this technology to make furniture that is as durable as solid oak structures. Tabletops made from spliced ​​lamellas serve for a very long time, do not warp, deform or swell from moisture. Another reason for splicing is the presence of bars small size, which are unreasonable to throw away, but have nowhere to use. The best option- gluing lamellas into furniture panels.

Furniture made from natural and environmentally friendly materials pure materials with your own hands, it is valued and in high demand. This construction material is more attractive and practical than MDF and chipboard.

How to glue furniture board at home. Preparing for work

To get aesthetic and high-quality material, sort the bars according to the following criteria:

  • absence of knots and cracks on the surface;
  • correct geometry (slight curvature can be leveled with a plane);
  • correspondence of texture pattern and shade;
  • identity of the species - pine is glued to pine, larch to larch.


Photo 1. Carpentry shop "LesoBirzha"

Furniture board gluing technology

How to glue furniture board? The answer to this question depends on the scale home production. If the work is planned to be one-time for your own needs, you can use the available tools available to each owner.

If you want to organize a small furniture manufacturing business, you will have to acquire several machines:

  • planing;
  • sanding belt;
  • surface grinding;
  • band saw;
  • milling

Please note that the sizes finished product slightly less than blanks. Make allowance for finishing the ends. The width of the spliced ​​lamellas should be no more than 15 cm. Only with such dimensions can the absence of internal tension wood


Photo 2. Finger-joined furniture panel made of larch

For furniture optimal thickness panels is 20 mm. However, according to the rules for gluing furniture panels, you need to choose blanks with a thickness of 25 mm. The extra 5 mm is removed in 2 steps. Even before splicing, 3 mm is removed, the remaining 2 mm are removed during the final processing.

What glue to use to glue furniture boards

Basically, furniture panels are glued together with D-1 glue. This glue is produced with varying degrees of water resistance.

There are several water resistance groups in the international classification; domestic industry uses four:

  • low;
  • two middle ones - A and B;
  • high.

However, suitable for home any wood glue. If you don’t want to use PVA, take the “Stolyar” adhesive.


Photo 3. Thin pine furniture panel

How to properly glue furniture panels. Slat arrangement options

Long lamellas are spliced ​​only along the width. If you are working with small bars, they should be arranged in a checkerboard pattern. In this case, both the long and short end parts are lubricated with glue.

With two-layer gluing, the bars of the first row are located perpendicular to the bars of the second row. Such shields are particularly strong and durable. Still raw blanks are placed under a press, where they should remain until the glue dries completely. This is followed by thorough grinding using special equipment and chamfering milling machine. After finishing the joints disappear, the panels are ready for sawing into parts.


Photo 4. Furniture board larch

How to glue two furniture panels together

The need to connect two panels into one arises when manufacturing products of non-standard width. 600 mm is the maximum standard for sheets, so you won’t find a wider width in all online stores. How to glue furniture panels to make one wide one from two narrow panels? Clients often ask this question to LesoBirzha technologists.


Photo 5. Furniture board made of pine for furniture production

You can connect two slabs using grooves and a laying strip. At the contacting ends, it is necessary to cut longitudinal grooves with a narrow milling cutter and place a strip coated with glue there. The ends of the panels also need to be thickly coated with adhesive. There are several effective ways gluing wood panels. However, the task is best handled by a professional carpenter.

All photos from the article

How are boards joined into a board? What adhesives are preferable for gluing? How to adjust surfaces? Do I need to provide pressure while the glue is drying? Let's try to answer these questions.

Goals

The purpose of joining the boards is to obtain a so-called furniture panel, which is subsequently used as a table top, window sill or furniture facade.

The fact is that getting a solid board 40-60 centimeters wide is very problematic:

  • Taking into account the need to debark the trunk and its conical shape, such dimensions in themselves are difficult to achieve;
  • Additional problems are created by the stresses that arise in the wood during drying. They result in cracks, “propellers” and other defects in the workpiece.

A stacked furniture panel can be assembled from minimum size blanks.

However: you can get a beautiful surface without conspicuous seams only by carefully selecting the texture pattern between the plots (boards or bars from which the shield is assembled).

Glue selection

What adhesives are used for gluing wooden pieces?

In general, any specialized carpentry:

  • Casein (made from crushed low-fat cottage cheese);
  • Albumin (on egg white);
  • Bone (boiled from animal bones);
  • Imported Titebond II, etc.

General construction adhesives, no matter how attractive their price, are strongly not recommended for use on wood. The only exception is polyvinyl acetate glue (PVA): its adhesive seam is noticeably stronger than wood in tensile strength in the direction perpendicular to the grain.

When gluing wooden parts using Moment SUPER PVA D3 and subsequent destruction of the structure, fragments of workpieces remain on both sides of the seam; the seam itself does not collapse.

An important point: when using protein-based wood glues (casein, albumin and bone), they are soaked in long time for swelling.
The glue is ready for use 1-24 hours after it is poured with warm water.

Preparing for work

Tool

Before gluing the boards into a shield, you need to prepare the tools. The following tools are absolutely required:

In addition, it is desirable:

The main tool for gluing - the press - should be given special attention.

His tasks:

  1. Ensure that the workpieces are pressed against each other with a force of about 10 kgf/cm2;
  2. Avoid bending of the shield and mutual displacement of the plots relative to each other.

The goal can be achieved in different ways.

Lumber

Many craftsmen practice assembling furniture panels from ordinary unedged boards by sorting and selecting wood without defects. However, it is much easier to immediately take the choice of lumber seriously.

As a sample of the requirements, let's look at what a furniture panel with a thickness of 25 mm should be according to GOST 2140, which normalizes surface defects of glued parts. We will give the parameters for the “Extra” variety: in fact, if we take on self-production furniture, then everything should be done to the highest standard!

It’s interesting: the optimal ratio of the width of the workpiece to its thickness from the point of view of uniform drying of the wood is 3:1.
If you use atmospheric drying blanks and plan to use the furniture in conditions of significant fluctuations in humidity, then it is better to take sections for a 40 mm thick panel with a width of 120 mm.

Procedure

Now let's move on to how to glue a shield from boards with your own hands.

We use the simplest gluing method - in a smooth fugue (without shaped edge milling).

  1. We pass the workpieces through thickness planer , strict only the sides glued together;
  2. Place them in a press with one side glued up;
  3. Apply the adhesive with a brush or roller. If the glue is packaged in a tube, you can apply it in one or two (depending on the thickness of the shield) strips. The instructions are due to the fact that pressing the workpieces will still distribute the glue evenly over the entire surface;
  4. We turn the plots to working position and squeeze them with a clamp or wedge them. When using a homemade press, do not forget to ensure that the workpieces are pressed in the plane of the future shield;
  5. Carefully remove the squeezed out glue and immediately rub the surface with fine sawdust.. They will fill small cracks and irregularities, making the plane of the shield smoother;
  6. Dry until the glue reaches full strength;

  1. After complete drying, remove the shield from the press and pass both sides through a thicknesser;
  2. Cutting the shield to size;
  3. We grind the plane, edges and, if necessary, make roundings. The product is ready.

conclusions

We hope that the material we offer will help the reader in independently designing solid wood furniture. Additional information can be learned by watching the video in this article. Good luck!

Arranging your home starts differently for everyone. Let's skip early stages finishing works and imagine the kitchen of an apartment or house without furniture. Many people have faced this stage in their lives. At this time, any information on the arrangement is absorbed very well. Of the two options - “buy” or “do it yourself” - we decisively choose the latter. What should be done immediately, and what later, and what materials and tools will help? This article will provide answers to these and other similar questions.

Advantages of making furniture yourself

In order to make furniture with your own hands, you do not have to be an experienced carpenter or carpenter. It is enough to have a good desire, time and, of course, tools. When you do kitchen furniture with your own hands:

  • you receive individual products of exclusive quality;
  • save money;
  • you earn invaluable experience;
  • you get incomparable pleasure from manual production.

A kitchen created to specific measurements will fit perfectly into custom sizes and complex curves that cannot be avoided in any other case.

As for the time spent, you shouldn’t regret it. All the effort will pay off later. It feels like a long-term investment in your future.

First steps

In order to start any business, you need to prepare. The more important the process, the more thorough the preparation must be. In our case, we should do the following:

  • decide on the type and composition of furniture for the kitchen;
  • select material and accessories according to the plan;
  • prepare necessary tools, buy the missing ones if necessary.

In principle, the implementation of these points will lead to complete readiness to begin. It’s worth approaching the process by thinking everything through well. Some little things left unattended can later take up quite a lot of time.

DIY kitchen made from furniture panels: design

The first thing you need in any business is a plan or project. Kitchen furniture is no exception. At this stage, the number of tables, cabinets, bedside tables, wall corners and shelves is determined. Each element kitchen interior is detailed. It is necessary to present the geometric dimensions on the diagrams in terms of length, height and depth. You should also calculate the number of shelves and various accessories. These are all kinds of handles, hinges, fasteners, magnetic fasteners as needed.

It is worth considering whether your kitchen will have a built-in sink, stove or hob, oven or even washing machine. Here the decision is made about facades, which are quite difficult to produce efficiently and beautifully the first time. In many cases they are easier to buy. You should also think about glass doors and shelves. If the plan requires it, they must be purchased.

Based on the design results, materials are purchased and furniture panels are cut. When competent preparation All that remains is to collect everything prepared and purchased.

Furniture board, materials

We'll use wood as the main material. For today best samples wood are supplied as furniture panels. What it is? From the name you can guess that we are talking about wooden product in the form of a shield. This is a shield, most often glued together from several parts to certain standard sizes.

The material can be used:

  • birch;
  • pine;
  • larch;
  • aspen;
  • cedar.

A kitchen made from furniture board, made with your own hands, is all the more convenient because it exists a large number of standard sizes. The width of the shield ranges from 200 mm to 600 mm in increments of 100 mm. Occasionally there are 250 mm variants. The length is selected from the range: 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 2000, 2400 and 2700 mm. Therefore, furniture panels have dimensions from 200x600 mm to 600x2700 mm. You can make it yourself.

DIY furniture panel

You can also make a solid wood shield with your own hands. Since there are basically only two options: glued and assembled, you need either certain tools or high-quality glue, or better yet, both. In any case, it is important to special attention approach the choice of material. First of all, it must be homogeneous in composition, with a minimum of knots, well dried and without deformation. Ideally, such material can be obtained from dried logs by sawing at an angle of 45 degrees.

Tools you will need:

  • plane;
  • a saw, and ideally a planer;
  • grinder with sandpaper different grain sizes;
  • level;
  • gluing device.

A furniture board, the size of which is small, will turn out to be of better quality at home. First, the machine cuts bars of the same size. Then the bars are laid out on a flat surface to create a beautiful pattern. After this, the ends of the bars are carefully coated with wood glue (PVA). The entire structure for gluing is clamped using wedges. It is important that the bars on top are also pressed, at least by transverse bars. This is necessary to prevent deformation during drying.

Gluing the furniture board is the most critical stage. After that, all that remains is to sand the resulting version, first with coarse-grained sandpaper and then with fine sandpaper. That's all the technology is. The furniture panel is ready for use for its intended purpose.

Features of a kitchen made from furniture panels

A kitchen made from furniture board, made with your own hands, will provide not only savings material resources and improving handcraft skills. In addition, there are a number of reasons to use this type of material:

1. Aesthetic appearance. The products look almost the same as if they were made from solid wood. At the same time, they have a more attractive price. For example, the most expensive type of pine furniture panel class A-A can be purchased for 1200 rubles, and class A-B- for only 750 rub. per square meter.

2. Practicality and durability. Products made from furniture panels have a long service life. In this case, there are practically no defects such as warping, deformation and cracks.

3. Highly environmentally friendly. Only simple PVA glue is used to make the material from non-natural components. He doesn't stand out in environment and does no harm. And since the furniture panel is based on pure wood, items made from it also regulate the humidity in the room where they are installed.

4. Wide range of sizes. This makes it easy to design and manufacture furniture of any size and shape.

Necessary tools

So, there is a plan and it is chosen suitable material. All that remains is to prepare the tools. Most often they are already on hand. This is, of course:

Wood saw, jigsaw;

Plane;

Grinding machine (sander);

Electric drill;

Chisel;

Screwdriver or screwdriver;

Furniture stapler.

Exist various variations, but this is the simplest and most convenient list to start with. Everyone can remove or add anything if they wish, depending on the planned kitchen. It is imperative that you use a tool, especially an electric one, taking into account safety regulations.

Instructions for making kitchen furniture

Having dealt with the selection of materials and tools, you can begin the specific manufacture of furniture. Each kit you like usually consists of such simple elements as:

  • closet;
  • table;
  • cabinet;
  • chair or stool;
  • shelves.

In this case, a cabinet made of furniture board can be either wall-mounted or floor-mounted. For the first option, it is very often combined with cutting table, which, in turn, fits harmoniously into the overall composition. The simplest element on the list is shelves. They are rarely used separately in modern kitchens. Usually, if there are wall cabinets, there is no need for a simple shelf. At the same time, there are inconvenient niches or small corners where the shelf looks great.

You can start your set with products such as kitchen stools. They will help reveal the talents of a carpenter and furniture assembler. After your hands get used to the instrument, you should move on to dining table. Let's consider the sequence of actions in detail.

Kitchen table

A table made from furniture board is a very practical product for the kitchen. A simple rectangular version can be easily made from a solid board. For maximum standard size this amounts to 2700 by 600 mm. In case of less, we simply cut off the extra millimeters from the furniture panel using a router.

If you want to make round table, it is worth taking two shields according to the size of the radius of the planned product. Half is cut out of each. Then, using cross bars, the halves are fixed into one whole. It is best to glue the joint with PVA, dry it, and then polish the front surface with a grinding machine. If you want, you can make an option with moving the halves apart and lengthening the tabletop using a rectangular liner. Its length is determined by the diameter of the table circle, and its width is determined by how much the product needs to be lengthened.

The rectangular version of the tabletop can also be made with rounded corners for beauty and convenience. Then reinforce it from below with stiffening ribs in the form of bars.

When the tabletop takes its finished form, the leg fastening elements are screwed to it using a screwdriver. If necessary, holes are drilled for them in advance. And then the legs themselves complete the exterior. At the end, the product is finally sanded and coated with several layers of varnish. After drying, the furniture can be admired and used.

Kitchen cabinet

A cabinet, like other furniture created with your own hands, may at first seem like a complex product, but each time it turns out easier and faster. The drawing of any cabinet is a parallelepiped. The frontal plane is a facade and is often simply purchased due to the difficulty of making it at home decorative elements. To make the structure lighter, the rear plane is made of fiberboard. The 4 remaining planes, perpendicular to the front and back, are made from furniture board.

In total, to assemble the cabinet you will need:

Furniture panel;

Material for shelves (wood, plywood, glass);

Handles, hinges, euroscrews, screws and fastenings for shelves;

A kitchen cabinet created with your own hands will look like this in the sequence of actions:

  • The side, top and bottom walls, as well as shelves, if they are made of the same material in plan, are cut to size from the selected shield;
  • using clamps (for convenience), the individual parts are rigidly joined, and then mounting holes for Euroscrews are drilled into them;
  • the cabinet walls are fastened with screws, and the back part made of fiberboard or plywood is fastened with staples or nailed with small nails;
  • using hinges, the facade is attached to the cabinet, and then handles are attached to it;
  • shelves are being installed;
  • the product is varnished, and this can be done as on assembled closet, and on individual parts (depending on convenience).

Kitchen hanging elements

The kitchen set may have different quantities hanging elements. This is determined by ease of use and proper filling of living space. For example, a corner wall cabinet will simultaneously ergonomically cover a corner and perform the main function of storing numerous kitchen utensils.

The main difference between hanging elements is their mounting on the walls. In this case, you should correctly calculate the weight of cabinets or shelves along with the contents and fastening elements. Most often, hanging is done using special loops that are attached to upper corners back walls of cabinets.

It is worth noting that if for floor cabinets the lower part of the bottom shelf was not visible, then for wall cabinets, on the contrary, it turns out to be in the most visible place. This should be taken into account when finishing.

Corners and furniture in the kitchen

Corner furniture for the kitchen is often as necessary as a table and a wall cabinet. This could be a corner sofa, a wardrobe, or a simple hanging shelf. The main difference between corner objects is the ability to smooth out uneven walls. Kitchen Area with shelves there may be no back wall, and the facade will have an angle with the side wall that is different from a straight one.

All this affects appearance and labor costs. Visually neater corner items require greater care during assembly and design.

Instead of a conclusion

As practice shows, a kitchen made from furniture panels, created with your own hands, is a financially profitable business and brings both pleasant moments and practical skills in working with tools. The products have increased individuality and an exclusive design that suits a specific kitchen.

As for tips and instructions for assembling furniture, in most cases a schematic drawing with dimensions is sufficient. Next, having figured out the principles of fastening and assembling the component parts, everything is assembled without any particular difficulties. Having designed and assembled the stool, it is clear how the table is assembled. And after you collect the most a simple cabinet, you can take on the designs of any cabinets. Accuracy and attentiveness are the key to successful assembly work.

Sometimes, instead of individual cabinets, it is easier to assemble a solid structure along one of the walls of the kitchen. It can accommodate an oven, a sink, and even a washing machine. There are truly no limits to creativity. It’s enough to just want and start doing it. Everything else will follow.

Organization of a mini-workshop.

Choice - Room.
Equipment for the production of furniture panels.
Staff.
Investments in mini business.
Financial plan.
Payback periods.
Marketing.
Advertising.
Sales of products.

Almost every person would prefer to have their own business than to work as an employee. There are several reasons for this. First of all, business owners have the opportunity to do what they love and have a higher income. Owning even a small business is prestigious. Independence from external conditions and the whims of the employer are also an important plus.


In this review we want to talk about the woodworking shop and the production of furniture panels. While engaged in the production of furniture panels, the workshop can also produce designer furniture, while there will be two independent sources of income and two portfolios of clients. So, where to start organizing a business and a woodworking workshop and the production of furniture panels?

Organization of a mini-workshop.
For small-scale wholesale production of furniture panels, it will be necessary to open a small woodworking enterprise, on the basis of which furniture panels will be produced. Of course, it is possible to focus production on the production of furniture, but it is not a fact that it will be in demand. The production of furniture panels allows us to form a portfolio of regular small-scale wholesale customers, and, accordingly, ensure a constant income for the woodworking shop.

It may be advisable to open a mini-workshop in areas where logging is carried out and lumber is produced, but even if wood is purchased and delivered to the region, the business will be quite profitable. Let's look at it in detail.


Furniture panels are usually purchased furniture production. Manufacturing features, accordingly, suggest different textures and patterns of wood, which can distinguish designer furniture of mass and individual production. Despite the fairly wide offer, new wood panel products with good quality execution.

The main advantages of furniture structural material include:
- the use of new gluing technologies makes it possible to preserve and advantageously emphasize the natural texture of wood;
- glued structures, unlike solid wood, retain their dimensions without changes and practically does not shrink;
- glued furniture panels are an environmentally friendly product used for the production of furniture and interior decoration;
- furniture panels of any size can be made for production, which, accordingly, reduces costs for ineffective use.
Production of furniture panels is good basis for any woodworking business, since there is a steady demand. Hardwood and coniferous wood are used as raw materials for production; pine is considered the most cost-effective material.
The production process of laminated furniture board consists of the following stages, which means:
- drying lumber preferably in your own drying chambers, this will ensure high quality products;
- calibration and processing of lumber defects;
- dissolving wood into lamellas and removing defects;
- trimming to the required size and removing defective areas;
- splicing of workpieces (along the length), jagged tenons are cut out at the ends of the workpieces and glue is applied, trimming is carried out to size;
- calibration of lamellas in order to remove the adhesive layer and obtain geometrically accurate blanks;
- gluing lamellas and gluing into a shield;
- cutting out defective seams.
- board formatting with cutting to width and format trimming;
- clean calibration and final grinding.

Each process involves performing work on a special machine, part production processes can be carried out on semi-industrial woodworking machines, but it will still be necessary to mechanize and automate production as much as possible in order to obtain the product High Quality. The size and characteristics of the workshop premises will depend on the number of machines purchased.

Choice - Room.
The premises for a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels are usually selected in an industrial area. To do this, you will need to rent a warehouse or workshop at a geographically convenient enterprise. The workshop infrastructure should include administrative premises - 20-30 sq. meters, lumber warehouse and finished products 30-50 sq. meters (preferably divided by different rooms), workshop premises 100-200 sq. meters.

The size of the workshop depends on the dimensions of the equipment. In general, industrial premises are of the same size and typically have low rents.
average cost for renting a warehouse will be 15,000-18,000 rubles per month.

Equipment for the production of furniture panels.

The universal four-sided four-spindle machine Winner Blazer BL 4-23 for woodworking is suitable for a high-tech workshop; it performs all the operations described. You can choose from inexpensive woodworking machines, their price is 12,000-36,000 rubles;

Double-sided thicknesser MIDA SPBF-2S/500 or MV-2061 for lamellas, made in Portugal and China, respectively. Thicknesser JET JWP-12 m can be purchased for 18,000 rubles;

Optimization line OMGA T 2000 NC series, a used Russian machine can be purchased for 640,000 rubles;
- end splicing line OMGA FJL-183, the Russian version will cost 144,000 rubles, a semi-automatic machine will cost about 56,000 rubles;

Glue applying machine OSAMA S2R-1600, you can purchase a less expensive version of the machine for approximately 220,000 rubles;

Fan wedge TRIMWEX INDUK type SL(P), used wedge can be purchased for 300,000 rubles;

A machine for aging wood in order to obtain a unique texture for furniture panels will cost 320,000 rubles;

Some types of machines listed can be made independently. Accordingly, this will significantly reduce the volume of investments. When preparing a business plan, you can go in two ways. To purchase new or overhauled equipment on credit or leasing, most companies offer favorable conditions; accordingly, you will only need to work hard to pay for the equipment. The second way involves purchasing used equipment at your own expense. This option also has advantages - you do not need to pay off debts.

Staff.
The number of workers in mini workshops is usually 5-15 people. As a rule, workers and carpenters also perform work on loading and unloading raw materials and goods. In general, you will need to hire the following employees; it is better to choose people with work experience or technical education:
Workshop manager (who is also the owner and main foreman) - 70,000 rubles/month;
Accountant-secretary - 25,000 rubles/month;
2 professional carpenters - 2*40,000 rubles/month;
2 apprentice assistants - 2*20,000 rubles/month;
1 machine operator - 50,000 rubles/month;
1 mechanic - 30,000 rubles/month;
1 loader - 20,000 rubles/month;
1 cleaner-storekeeper - 15,000 rubles/month;
2 watchmen - 10,000 rubles/month;
TOTAL: 350,000 rubles/month.

To work at an enterprise, workers must conclude a contract and also take out insurance, since work in production poses risks to health and life if technical safety standards are violated.

Investments in mini business.
The required investments will depend on the capacity of the workshop for the production of furniture panels and the level of its equipment. Required:
- rent a premises for production, prepare it for setting up a workshop, it may require repairs, installation of a ventilation system, partitions, doors, gates and checkpoints. These costs depend entirely on the chosen premises and its arrangement. We estimate the costs for this position without rent at 100,000 rubles;
- purchase or order equipment, the estimated investment in technological equipment will be 1,820,000 rubles (approximately 45 thousand dollars);
- the purchase of raw materials can be carried out to order, 50 cubic meters. meters will be quite enough for a start. Average price per 1 cubic meter m of unedged pine board is 8,000 rubles, respectively, the costs will be 400,000 rubles;
- rent of premises for 3 months - 54,000 rubles.
- salaries for 3 months - 1,050,000 rubles, in this case there may be options, since it is not worth supporting employees without having a workload. Initially, you can hire an incomplete staff, and later expand it. For the first time, monthly salary expenses will be limited to 400,000 rubles/month.

Financial plan.
For example, the cost of furniture panels made from SS grade pine is 1,200 rubles per 0.04 cubic meters. meters, respectively, 1 cubic. a meter of furniture board will cost 120,000 rubles, while the cost of an unedged board is 8,000 rubles.

First 3 months of work (partial load):
In this case, in order to recoup the costs of maintaining the workshop in the first 3 months:
- 18,000 rubles/month. rent + 4000 rubles/month. communal payments;
- 400,000 rubles/month. salaries.
You will need to receive an income of 422,000 rubles. When selling per month 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture board, the turnover in the first months will be 2,400,000 rubles. Costs for the board: (20 cubic meters + 30% for defects) * 8,000 rubles = 208,000 rubles. Accordingly, the cost of raw materials will not exceed 10%. Income will be:
2,400,000 (total sales volume) - 422,000 (costs of maintaining the workshop) - 208,000 (costs of raw materials) = 1,770,000 rubles.
The break-even point (based on the costs of raw materials and maintenance of the workshop) assumes the production and sale of 3 square meters. meters of shield per month. Don't forget about paying VAT, payroll taxes and income taxes.

After the workshop reaches its design capacity (50 cubic meters)
After the workshop reaches its design capacity (approximately 50 cubic meters), the income will be:
6,000,000 (total sales volume) - 105,000 (costs of maintaining the workshop) - 520,000 (costs of raw materials) = 4,430,000 rubles.
The break-even point for the maintenance of the workshop assumes the sale of 13 sq. meters of furniture board.

Payback periods.
Thus, we will make an assessment of the costs of investing in a business and estimate the planned income in connection with the planned production volume.
So, for the first 3 months the workshop will operate in experimental mode, producing and selling 20 cubic meters. meters of furniture board. Income excluding taxes will be 1,770,000 rubles each month.

Investments in equipment according to our calculations at fully equipped workshops (see “Equipment”) will amount to 1,820,000 rubles. In fact, with properly organized implementation, it is possible to recoup the investment already in the first 2 months of operation of the woodworking shop. This allows you to think about purchasing high-quality equipment on lease or credit. But you can postpone and form financial asset, and within a year radically expand production. So from a small workshop you can create a fairly large woodworking enterprise that produces not only furniture panels.

Marketing.
Of course, such impressive results can only be achieved with well-organized implementation. The marketing task, which during the first steps of the business falls under the responsibility of the owner, involves the sale of furniture panels in bulk.

Typically, wholesale means purchasing 10 cubic meters. meters. In practice, first of all, you need to conclude an agreement with two wholesale buyers. To do this, you need to offer a lower price for the product.

In the following months, the portfolio should include 5 large customers. This all presupposes preliminary negotiations with customers and their search.

Advertising.
Obviously, in the first months of operation, a mini workshop for the production of furniture panels should focus on attracting wholesale customers in order to reach the break-even point. At the same time, working with wholesalers does not at all exclude selling the board at retail or in small wholesale markets.

Any advertising should be targeted at a potential group of consumers. In our case it is furniture companies. To present information about the new production, you will need to make booklets or brochures that will describe the workshop and its capabilities. For advertising in markets among small wholesale and retail buyers You will need business cards and pocket calendars, which can be left in stores and on trays. We must not forget that an online store will help sell goods.

Advertising costs will be:
- brochures 1000-2000 pcs. - 16,000 rubles;
- booklets 1000-2000 pcs. - 6000-8000 rubles;
- pocket calendars 1000 pcs. - 3000 rubles;
- online store - 8,000 rubles with advertising.

If an active advertising campaign is required, this should be handled by a separate employee - an advertising manager. The manager's salary can be negotiable and amount to about 15,000 rubles for part-time work. In some cases, the functions of an advertising manager are taken over by accountants. For them, it is enough to order and receive products, as well as close financial documents.

Please note that creating a website does not imply that it will be found without additional effort. This is exactly what a content manager usually does, who promotes the site in in social networks, search engines and forums. Typically, such specialists work on a contractual basis based on volume, so costs can be planned during operational activities.

Sales of products.
Sales of products during the first months of the workshop's operation are usually carried out by managers. At the next stage, sales agents and managers are involved in the work and a sales department or sales department is created. Most sales agents work on a percentage of sales volume, thus, business owners motivate traders to enter into more contracts, from which they receive a constant percentage.

The independent work of the sales department gives good results, the task of the agents is to organize sales, the task of the workshop is to produce high-quality products. The functionality of the sales department is over time complemented by the functions of the advertising and marketing department, which must generate productive sales concepts, constantly replenishing the portfolio of large and small buyers.

In fact, the proposed review is an instruction on how to create a small woodworking shop and develop it to the level of a large woodworking factory. With a pragmatic approach, building a large business from scratch is possible even today.
We wish you good luck in your first steps and hope that our review helped readers start their own business and achieve great success. Despite the skepticism of many, it is possible to create a large business from scratch, the main thing is to plan everything carefully and not be afraid of work. Certainly, special meaning has a choice of business direction. It is in this choice that we decided to help you and make the task of planning easier.

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