Flat exploitable roof in a private house. Flat roof made of corrugated sheets: insulation, waterproofing

A flat roof is still an unusual decoration for country cottages. It is believed that flat roofs are intended only for urban development or industrial buildings. But that's not true. The roofs of houses in historical neighborhoods are often pitched. And a private house can have a flat roof.

Now we will look at what it is, what are the advantages/cons and how to make a flat roof with your own hands.

Types of flat roof

Structurally, flat roofs are divided into two main types: those on beams and those with a concrete slab at the base.

Flat roofs are never completely flat; there is still a slight angle (within a few degrees). This is necessary for water drainage. Otherwise it will stagnate on the roof.

Most often, internal drains are installed on flat roofs: funnels are mounted in the roof, and risers from them pass through the interior. Funnels are placed on the lower part of the roof, at the rate of one riser per 150-200 square meters.

The waterproofing around the funnels is reinforced; cable heating is also recommended (so that the water in the riser does not freeze). If the roof is flat without a parapet, and the angle is decent (from 6 degrees), the drainage system can be a standard external one, as for pitched roofs: gutter and pipes.

Roofs are divided according to functionality, roofing structure and type of coating. Here are a few main varieties:

The unused roof is flat. It is built solely for the sake of originality and saving material. Does not require structural reinforcement.

Operable flat roof. It can be used for any purpose, from placing an outdoor swimming pool to constructing a parking lot.

The type of floor depends on the intended purpose: it is obvious that for high expected loads, the base should be a concrete slab. But this does not mean that the entire building must be brick or concrete. For example, a flat roof in a wooden house can also be used. Of course, it cannot be used as a helipad, but setting up a solarium, laying out a garden or putting up a gazebo for tea drinking is fine. Of course, you can’t make a sparse sheathing, only a continuous one.

Traditional roofing. The classic design of the roofing pie: a waterproofing layer on top of the insulation, the base is concrete, for the outflow of water - expanded clay concrete (inclined screed).

Inversion roofing. Here the insulation lies on top of the waterproofing and protects it from damage. The floor can be finished with paving or ceramic tiles, you can also plant a lawn here. Mandatory requirement to the inversion design - an angle of 3-5 degrees.

Roofs can be attic or non-attic. Both types have their advantages: the presence of an attic allows you to place all the necessary communications on it (ventilation pipes, expansion tank heating, etc.), a roofless roof can be made usable.

One of the options for a roofless design is a flat combined roof: attic floor combined with the roof, the lower side is the ceiling in the living room.

note

The design of these roofs differs from simple attics; they cannot be used for use.

When the height of the house is ten meters or higher, as well as on roofs in use, a parapet must be installed. For those in use - no less than 1.2 meters.

If the roof is not in use and the cottage is not high, you can flat roof without a parapet or install fencing bars instead or even do without them.

General structure of a flat roof

It is obvious that in exploited roofs for various purposes the device will be different:

When constructing a swimming pool, pay special attention to waterproofing;

“Green” roofing is also a thorough waterproofing plus soil filling, etc.

The most common covering is flat roofing. It is cheap, simple and fast to install, with excellent waterproofing. The cheapest material that can be used to cover a flat roof is roofing felt.

The disadvantages of rolled materials (and roofing felt in particular) are their low durability and low mechanical strength. For “high traffic” roofs, tiles are preferable.

Flat roof from and flat roofs from corrugated sheets can only be made in a non-operational version and if there is the required slope. When choosing a material, you need to read the instructions for the model: some types of corrugated sheets and metal tiles allow installation on roofs with a slope of less than 11 degrees.

Some brands of corrugated sheets can also be used as a base for an unused roof, instead of plywood or a concrete slab.

There are other coating materials for unused roofs:

Polycarbonate;

Pros and cons of flat roofs

Advantages:

Original look. Flat roofs on cottages are rare.
Possibility of operation.
Flat roof – easy installation and savings on materials. But it depends on how you plan to use the roof. Otherwise, construction will cost even more than an expensive pitched roof made of ceramic tiles.
Laying covering, maintenance, and repairs on a flat roof are easier to perform than on a slope.
Flat roofs are wind-resistant, pitched roofs have windage.

Minuses:

A flat roof leaks more often than a pitched roof. Constant monitoring of the condition of the waterproofing layer is necessary.
The need to clear the roof of snow.
Rolled flat roofing requires more frequent repairs and replacement of the covering than metal profiles, tiles and other pitched ones.

So which roof is better, flat or pitched? Purely a matter of taste.

Building a flat roof

Let's consider the option when a corrugated sheet is used as the base of the roof:

1. Sheets are laid on the beams (rafters). The pitch between the rafters depends on the profile. For example, for load-bearing profiles with a corrugation height of 6-7.5 centimeters (H60, H75), the step between the beams is 3-4 meters.

2. Laying a vapor barrier film. The film is laid with an overlap, the joints must be sealed with mounting tape.

3. Thermal insulation. Mineral wool slabs are usually used for this purpose. Please note that the depressions of the corrugation also need to be filled with insulation.

4. Waterproofing. Polymer film is suitable for this purpose. If the insulation is mineral wool, you can also use built-up waterproofing, because cotton wool is a non-flammable material.

5. Finish coating. You can also use a welded one. The roll is slowly rolled out on the roof, heating it with a burner along its entire length. The deposited coating is pressed against the roof and smoothed.

6. On flat roofs, a fused roofing can be laid in several layers.

In other cases, a flat roof wooden beams it is arranged more traditionally: a continuous sheathing of plywood or OSB is nailed onto the beams, a roofing pie is laid (vapor barrier + basalt wool), a waterproofing layer and rolled roofing are applied.

If you are interested in a flat roof with a more complex structure, contact us: we will complete roofing of any complexity quickly and at an affordable price.

Not so long ago, such a fashion as a flat roof in a private house came to the CIS countries. Most developers did not consider this advisable and continued the construction of pitched roofs. They can be understood, because several decades ago, when the quality of materials remained in doubt, the construction of a flat roof was carried out only on temporary structures. But today, when the quality of materials has improved significantly, it is foolish to refuse this type of roofing.

Flat roof roof pie

There is no point in saying once again that a residential building with a flat roof is reliably protected from the wind. As for moisture removal, roofers have also learned how to efficiently solve this problem. They realized that a small slope device would naturally remove excess moisture from the roof plane, but materials whose structure has different roughnesses could hinder this.

That is why installation work should be thought out in more detail, but it is worth it. After all, you save significantly on lumber and the time it takes to build a flat roof.

So, in order for all layers to perform their functions efficiently, they should be laid correctly. This is what a flat roof roofing pie should look like:

Base. As a rule, it is made of reinforced concrete slabs, but some use thick profiled metal. This component of the roofing pie will bear impressive loads, therefore, it should be made as stable as possible. Often flat roofs are made to be used, for example, a lawn is sown on the surface. If you plan to do anything similar with this plane, then check the base calculations several times
Vapor barrier layer. During operation, this component will play an important role. It will serve as protection against moisture vapor coming from the underlying floors. Remember that if moisture gets to the insulation boards, they will have to part with their positive qualities, therefore, this layer will become useless. To install a vapor barrier layer, as a rule, polyethylene film or bitumen is used, but developers who have the finances can afford a unidirectional membrane. It allows you to remove excess moisture from insulation and at the same time serve as protection for them
Thermal insulation layer. A flat roof differs from a pitched roof in that there is the possibility of laying unique materials, for example, backfill. They are perlite, slag, expanded clay, and so on, but in addition to them, this layer also includes slabs of mineral wool or polystyrene foam. By the way, roofers try to lay these materials in such a way as to give the roof some slope. As mentioned above, this allows atmospheric precipitation to be naturally removed from the roof plane. The requirements for this layer are as follows: low weight and low hygroscopicity
The most important component of a flat roof is waterproofing layer. It uses bitumen, polymer or mixed products. You can choose slightly different materials for yourself, but remember that in addition to waterproofing qualities, they must be resistant to sudden temperature changes, good elasticity and a long service life

The quality choice of materials and their installation will significantly influence how long a flat roof will last in a private home. It is worth understanding that the failure of at least one of them will certainly lead you to repairs, therefore, take the selection of roofing materials as seriously as possible.

Types of flat roofs and the nuances of their installation

Before installing a flat roof for a private house, you should figure out what purpose you will pursue.

If you want to create a non-exploitable roof, then it is best to use profiled metal sheets. This will save you money and significantly affect the speed of the installation process. But if you are in doubt, it is best to immediately think through this option and resolve this issue
Operated roof implies that you will build some additional structure on its surface or arrange a pool or lawn here. This type of roof will be an excellent solution in buildings whose dimensions do not allow the creation of additional rooms. It is worth understanding that with the arrangement of the roof space, the load that puts pressure on the base will increase, therefore, reinforced concrete slabs are laid as it. According to technical documents, the slope of such a roof should not exceed three degrees
Inversion. This type is a variation of the traditional one. Their difference lies in the fact that the inversion roofing cake is laid somewhat differently. Waterproofing changes with thermal insulation boards. This option is the most common in private construction, which is why architects offer it
Ventilated. Despite the fact that ventilation is more suitable for pitched roofs, flat ventilated roofing exists in construction. To do this, aerators are correctly placed on its surface, which, under a pressure difference, draw polluted air out and thereby circulate it. It is advisable to install them for large roof areas

Before starting construction, carefully consider all the details. As for load calculations, this work is best left to professionals.

Construction of flat roofs on unheated structures

If it is necessary to cover a temporary structure, for example, a barn, gazebo or canopy, a not very difficult structure is created. To regulate the slope, support beams are used. Tilt 3 cm per 1 linear meter slope, which, in fact, will be 3% will be quite enough for precipitation to be removed naturally.

The base for the roofing pie will be a solid wooden sheathing. By the way, for ventilation it is worth leaving a small distance of 1-3 millimeters between the boards. This will allow any condensation that occurs to be removed. Self-tapping screws or long nails are used as fastening elements.

The waterproofing layer on this structure will be a rolled material - roofing felt. This product is a very cheap material and its qualities are quite enough to cover a temporary structure and protect it from moisture for 10 years, and if repairs are required, then it is enough to buy a couple more rolls of roofing material and roll it again, on the old base.

Flooring bitumen material happens in layers. The overlap of the strips should be at least 10 centimeters. The coating is secured to the base by placing wooden or steel slats on its surface. Their installation should be carried out in such a way as not to interfere with the natural flow of water from the surface.

Constructing a flat roof on temporary structures is generally not a complex job that can be completed by one or two workers.

Construction of roofs on heated buildings

The installation of a flat roof of a private house in which heating is provided will proceed as follows:

First, the floor beams are installed. During this process, it is especially important to monitor the horizontal, so for the convenience and speed of the process, get a laser level.
Unedged wooden boards, the thickness of which is about 4-5 centimeters, are laid on the installed beams. If there is a very large distance between the installed support beams, then the cross-section of the boards must be increased to the required design value.
Strips of roofing material are rolled out onto the created base, but other material can be used as waterproofing. After cutting off unnecessary parts, some developers leave the bitumen product in this state for a day, but further work can be carried out without waiting this period. For a reliable connection, the joints of the strips are laid with a ten-centimeter overlap.
After waterproofing, it is usually laid thermal insulation material. You will remember that a backfill product is often used for flat roofs. Its design hides some dangers, because with a small mistake you can end up with huge puddles collecting on the surface of the roof, which will significantly reduce the life of your roof, so I recommend inviting a knowledgeable person to carry out this work.
Next, the plane is filled with a screed thickness, which should be at least 20 millimeters.
After the cement mass has hardened, the entire roofing surface is primed, and then the roofing covering is laid.

If you perform these layers with the highest quality, your roof will last even longer than the manufacturers of roofing products assure you.

Monolithic concrete as a roof

In addition to the well-known methods of constructing a flat roof, a new method of creating a roof has recently appeared in construction. So here you go technological process construction of a concrete roof.

Concrete is far from a lightweight building material, therefore, it is worth using appropriate products for floor beams. An I-beam steel beam with a thickness of 120-150 millimeters is ideal for its role. Their installation should be carried out without any slopes, ideally horizontally
Experienced developers recommend using a concrete grade of at least 250. It is best mixed in a concrete mixer installed on site. If you decide to mix the solution by hand, then most likely you will not achieve the desired consistency. Concrete is created in the following proportions: 4 buckets of fine crushed stone, one and a half buckets of cement, a bucket of sand and the required amount of water
The base is the same lumber located on the bottom flange of the I-beam. Wooden elements should be protected from the mortar with waterproofing material, for example, roofing felt. After the waterproofing wraps the boards, it is laid on top reinforced mesh with cells 2x2 centimeters
The next layer is fine crushed stone, and then comes the prepared concrete

IMPORTANT: Complete the entire pouring process within one working day, otherwise there is a risk of cracks appearing on the future element.

Allow the screed to harden. She will do this in 1-2 days, in addition, do not forget to take care of the concrete, of course, if quality is important to you. To do this, wrap it around plastic film or after some time, water this element with water
After complete drying, bulk material - expanded clay - is delivered to the resulting surface. Next, they make a ramp and lay out a ballast sleeve from paving slabs

In this article, I mentioned the deflection quite a few times and probably not everyone knows what it is, so let me explain.

What is a slope

This process is typical only on flat roofs. It is arranged in order to ensure the natural drainage of precipitation from the roofing surface. As a rule, a flat roof is equipped with an internal drain, but there are options where it will be external. Therefore, at the very beginning of construction, consider this moment and decide which drainage system will be more profitable for you.

If your choice fell on internal system drainage, then the slope is carried out so that water flows into special water-collecting funnels. Their number depends entirely on the dimensions of the roof plane, for example, 1-2 funnels are provided for a roof of 25 square meters.

When an external drainage system is installed, using a slope, water is brought to the edges of the slopes where the gutter is installed.

Deflection can be done in the following ways:

Create the required slope using bulk material. Expanded clay or perlite are ideal for this. Having set the required slope, this material is covered with a screed, and the roofing covering is laid on it.
Thermal insulation boards are also able to set the required slope. But I believe that playing with laying this layer is much more complicated and expensive than purchasing expanded clay
Specially created formwork allows you to pour concrete so that it already has the required slope
The most expensive method of tilting is the installation of plastic panels, which differ in thickness from each other. By laying them out in a certain sequence, you can achieve the required slope

A flat roof is an excellent solution for creative people. After all, this design will not only serve as an excellent protection for your comfort from bad weather, but will also give you additional square meters that you can use for your own purposes, for example, to equip your workshop for crafts on the roof.

By making special fences on the roof, you can build a rather interesting children's playground right on your roof! And if the options I have proposed do not suit you, then perhaps you will find a use for these square meters on your own.

If previously flat roofs were made only on urban multi-storey buildings and were associated with constant leaks, today the situation has changed radically. These structures are used not only during the construction of multi-storey buildings, but also in the construction of prestigious private houses according to exclusive projects. Such changes became possible thanks to the emergence of completely new building materials and technologies.

Flat roofs are one of many types of roofing, and have both positive and negative sides. The advantages of such roofs include the following characteristics.

Saving building materials and speed of construction. The effect is achieved through physical savings - the area of a flat roof is much smaller than a gable roof. In addition, for this design there is no need to manufacture a complex rafter system with various purlins, supports, crossbars, mauerlats, etc. A small number of roof elements makes it possible to construct flat roofs independently without the involvement of expensive professional specialists.
True, for this you should have initial skills in performing roofing works, understand modern technologies and materials. Otherwise, attempts to reduce the estimated cost of the structure may result in large additional costs for unplanned repairs. And not only the roof itself, but also the interior of the buildings.
Possibility to use the roof as an exploitable one. On flat roofs you can build winter gardens, recreation areas, flower beds, small sports grounds, etc. But in these cases, the roofs have very complex design and demand professional approach to carry out all construction work.
Flat roofs make installation and periodic maintenance easier. Maintenance various engineering equipment: air conditioning and ventilation systems, solar panels, antennas, etc.

Unfortunately, such people have architectural structures and disadvantages.

We have listed the real advantages and disadvantages; each developer should carefully analyze them before making a final decision.

Types of flat roofs in private houses

Thanks to new materials and technologies, designers have been able to create several types of flat roofs with unique performance characteristics.

Flat roof type	Brief description of technical and operational characteristics
	The most commonly used, simplest and cheapest type of roof. It is most often found on commercial buildings; it is rarely installed on private houses.
	A very prestigious roof allows you to use the area to increase the comfort of living in the building. The construction of such roofs requires high-quality materials and special technologies. The roof in use is often inverted.
	It differs from the usual one in the arrangement of layers of the roofing cake. Waterproofing is done directly on the supporting base; this feature protects the coating from mechanical damage. Geotextiles, extruded polystyrene foam, another layer of geotextiles and a ballast layer are laid on top of the waterproofing. Geotextiles allow water to pass through drainage system, and ballast prevents layers from being undermined by strong gusts of wind.

Important. The cost of flat roofs varies widely; some options can be several times more expensive than gable roofs.

Roofing pie device

All flat roofs in residential buildings must be insulated; the structures consist of several layers. Each of them performs its own function and is critical for the roof.

Base

Can be reinforced concrete or wood.

Professional builders prefer reinforced concrete slabs, but not all houses can use them. The slabs are mounted only on brick or concrete facade walls; such elements are not used for wooden or frame buildings.

Vapor barrier

Prices for vapor barrier materials

Vapor barrier material

It is used only in two cases: the base of a flat roof is wooden and mineral wool is used as insulation.

But such options are rare; most often the base is made of a concrete slab, and durable extruded polystyrene is used for insulation. Both of these materials are not only resistant to steam, but also do not react to direct contact with water. Accordingly, when constructing roofs made of such materials, vapor protection is not required.

Insulation

There are two types of insulation that can be used in the construction of flat roofs.

Mineral wool or glass wool. On flat roofs, only pressed types are used; roll types do not meet existing requirements in terms of their technical parameters.

The advantages of mineral wool are absolute resistance to open fire and environmental friendliness. It has no more advantages, but it has a rather long list of disadvantages: high cost, low mechanical strength, hygroscopicity, dependence of thermal conductivity on relative humidity, wind blowability. Additional disadvantages include the difficulty of installation: you need to work only in good weather and in protective clothing.
Polymer insulation. This category includes expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam and other materials made on the basis of polymers. These insulation materials have two common disadvantages: they release harmful chemical compounds into the air and are inferior to mineral wool in terms of fire resistance. But such shortcomings in this case are very conditional for two reasons. The first is that for insulation on the roof, the amount of chemical compounds released does not matter; they do not enter living quarters. Secondly, modern achievements of innovative technologies have made it possible to produce polymer insulation with high resistance to open fire and emissions of chemical compounds that are acceptable under sanitary standards.

Insulation can be installed in two ways.

Currently, architects in most cases prefer the second option for insulating a flat roof, keep this in mind. But practitioners advise installing insulation from inside the premises. Each developer must make his own decision.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Practical recommendations for arranging a flat roof on a frame house

For example, we will take the option of arranging a flat roof on a wooden frame house. These buildings are very popular among many developers; they are quickly assembled, are relatively inexpensive and provide residents with a modern level of comfort.

How to make floors

For ceiling you need to use I-beams; ordinary ones are not suitable due to very high loads. If you increase significantly linear dimensions ordinary beams, then their own weight will play a noticeable role in the calculations of the acting forces, and this is extremely undesirable for all structural loaded elements.

Important. If the house is large, then it is much more profitable to order short beams and splice them on site. Due to this method, the process of transporting and installing structures is simplified. During installation ceiling beams you need to make a slight slope for the water to drain.

Video - Wooden floor

What to make waterproofing from

Prices for PVC membranes for roofing

PVC membrane for roofing

For sealing, it is recommended to use a modern high-quality membrane that is protected from the harmful effects of ultraviolet rays. The membrane thickness is at least 1.5 mm, the service life of such coatings is more than thirty years. Membranes must retain their original properties at temperatures of -30° and below. It must be borne in mind that situations may arise when in winter it is necessary to remove snow from the roof; the waterproofing must withstand mechanical forces and not be damaged.

How to install a funnel for receiving water

The diameter of the funnel must correspond to the roof area and the maximum water flow. The data is available in comparative tables and is attached to the instructions for using the elements. If for some reason there is no such instruction, then you need to consult with the seller.

The funnel is installed at the lowest point of the roof. The roof plane is divided into several sectors and each has a slight slope towards the drain. To prevent ice from accumulating in the funnel in winter, it is recommended to connect an electric heating system. Heating functions temporarily and only during the period when the temperature changes from positive to negative several times a day.

How to properly lay a waterproof membrane

The joints are boiled construction hairdryer and are additionally filled with special two-component glue. You should start from the very bottom edge, the width of the overlaps is at least 10 cm. To increase the strength of the fastening, each strip of the membrane is separately fixed with special fasteners, and the wide washers are then closed.

Along the perimeter of the parapet, the membrane is also screwed with washers of large diameter, the distance between them is approximately 20–30 cm.

How to drain water from a roof

Experienced builders do not recommend attempting to install external gutters and pipes on flat roofs to drain water to the ground. The best option– run plastic pipes through the interior spaces. Installation of the system should be done immediately after assembling the frame of the house; the pipes are hidden during the cladding of the internal walls. Due to this installation location, the possibility of freezing is completely eliminated, and the reliability of the system is significantly increased.

The best way to process OSB boards

There are many options, efficiency depends not only on the materials used, but also on the professionalism of the master. But practice shows that, all things being equal, bitumen mastics have the greatest reliability. Surfaces must be coated at least twice, this guarantees the tightness of the coating for a long period of time. Of course, the top membrane must also be of high quality and correctly installed.

One of the practical and fairly simple structures to install is a flat roof. Despite many years of construction experience, such roofs still remain exclusive on the market. Flat cover has many advantages, including ease of DIY assembly.

What types of flat roofs are there, what is their difference?

Flat roofs are:

exploited and unexploited;
traditional and inversion;
breathable;
green.

Let's take a closer look at each type.

Operable roof. The main feature of the coating is to prevent defects in the waterproofing layer using corrugated sheets or concrete screed. As insulation, you should select a material that can withstand high compressive loads. When using an insulator that is not rigid enough, you can achieve the required strength by creating another layer of screed. In conditions of shortage of free space, flat roofs are widely used for arranging summer cafes, parking, and recreation areas. The structure of the roof in use is presented:
Unused roof. It differs from the previous type of structure in its simplicity of arrangement, low requirements for the base and insulation. The only disadvantage of such a roof is short term operation.
Traditional roof. The coating consists of several layers, which includes a vapor barrier laid on top of the base. This film protects the insulation (foam or mineral wool) from moisture.
In a traditional roof, all layers are in the usual order
Inversion design. Distinctive feature- laying insulation over the waterproofing film, which guarantees its protection from sources of negative influence. The insulation is selected that does not lose its properties even when the humidity level increases, for example, panels made of extruded polystyrene. An inversion roof can be used as a functional roof - it can be a green lawn or a pedestrian area.
In an inversion roof, the insulation is laid on a waterproofing layer
Roof with breathable coating. This type of roofing prevents the formation of steam in the heat-insulating layers and does not require dismantling the old covering, since it can be installed as an additional main carpet.
Breathable roof covering prevents condensation
Roof with landscaping. The lack of lawns near the house can be compensated by arranging a lawn or a whole park on a flat roof. The planning of such a covering is carried out at the design stage of the building, which is explained by the need to calculate the reinforcement under the load exerted by the soil layer. Green roof installation diagram:

By type of use, a green roof can be extensive, when only lawn grass is planted, and intensive, when flowers, shrubs, and trees grow on the roof.

Identifying the advantages and disadvantages of using flat roofs

With proper installation and laying of the waterproofing layer, a flat roof has positive qualities:

allows you to save on building materials due to a smaller construction area;
erected much faster than other types of roofs;
Maintenance and repair are quite simple;
provides the creation of additional space for, for example, sports complexes, recreation areas, flower beds;
allows the use of paving stones or paving slabs.

The special structure makes the roof more vulnerable to negative climatic conditions, giving it a number of disadvantages:

the formation of leaks during the melting of a large volume of snow cover;
the need to create a drainage system;
problems arise in the operation of the drain: blockages form, it freezes in winter;
need for snow removal;
the need for periodic inspection to prevent moisture from penetrating into the insulation layer;
the need for quick repairs in case of roof leakage.

Video: what is good about a flat roof

What you need to know when installing a flat structure

Eat certain rules flat roof devices:

Horizontal laying without a slight slope is not allowed. Minimum value angle - 5 degrees, which will ensure independent precipitation. To create a slope, in addition to the coating itself, a bedding made of expanded clay or slag should be used. You should not make a slope of 10 degrees or more - it will not allow the heat-insulating layer to be laid evenly.
For vapor barrier, a bitumen-polymer membrane with fiberglass reinforcement or a vapor barrier film is used.
At the edges, the vapor barrier is attached above the insulation with mandatory sealing of the seams.
Thermal insulation material is placed on top vapor barrier film, and above it there is a bitumen waterproofing carpet. When using expanded clay as insulation, it is necessary to fill cement screed with further arrangement of two-layer waterproofing.

There cannot be a perfectly flat roof on a residential building; it must be equipped with a slight slope

Sequence of roof installation on wooden beams

After the build is complete load-bearing walls you can attach the main floor beams to anchor bolts, taking into account a gap of 0.5–1 m. They are selected according to the calculated weight of the roof and the average annual precipitation. Beams can have a section of 150x150 mm or 100x100 mm.

The process itself takes place in several stages:

A continuous sheathing (without cracks or gaps) of edged boards 20–25 mm.
On next stage fits polymer waterproofing so that everyone upper layer was overlapped with the previous one and taped with tape.
Then the thermal insulation is installed. The best option is to use fiberglass insulation mats or sheets of extruded polystyrene foam. To avoid the appearance of condensation and destruction of this layer in the future, the material should be tightly fastened together. In addition, unsewn cracks can become a source of cold bridges.
Installation of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. Roofing material is laid on top of this covering. You can choose any, for example, soft tiles.

Features of the rafter system

The purpose of the truss structure is to distribute the roof load across the support points. A flat roof can be erected on rafters of three types of fastening:

Hanging rafter system. It is suitable if there is no support between the side beams. The structure is assembled on the ground and then transported to the log house. Pine, reinforced concrete and metal elements. The rafters are taken with a section of 5x15 cm, the lathing - 5x5 cm
Layered system. The rafters are laid at an angle to external walls at a distance of 60–140 cm from each other. Top part The structure rests on a beam reinforced with racks and struts. As a rule, such a structure is suitable for the construction of outbuildings.
sliding truss structure. Installed on houses that undergo shrinkage during the first year of operation (for example, made of timber). Assembly is carried out to the ridge log so that the rafters are overlapped or end-to-end. To avoid sagging roofing system and deformations of the log house rafter legs freely fixed to the Mauerlat.

The larger the roof size, the greater the slope of the rafters should be.

Video: covering a flat roof

Performing calculations

By doing installation work, as with any construction project, it is necessary to operate with basic data.

Snow load

For the calculation there is a generally accepted formula: Q=G*S, where Q is the snow load, G is the mass of snow in kg/sq.m (the value can be taken from the snow cover level table), S is a coefficient determined from the angle of inclination of the roof:

when tilted up to 25 degrees S=1;
at a tilt of 25–60 degrees S=0.7;
with a slope of 60 degrees or more, you can not take into account the level of snow load, since precipitation is unlikely to be retained on such a slope.

An example of calculating the amount of snow load when a house is located in Russia with Q equal to 180 kg/m 2.

The roof slope is 23 degrees, which gives a maximum snow load Q=180*1=180 kg/m2.

To lay the foundation correctly, you need to know the entire mass of the snow cover using the formula M=Q*S, where M is the mass of snow, S is the area of the roof.

In this example, the area is 150 m2.

When calculating the total load from precipitation in winter time it turns out M=180*150=27000 kg or 27 tons.

Roof area

Flat roofs, as a rule, coincide in area with the area of the house or the under-roof part.

Water intake funnels

One funnel can serve up to 200 m2 of roof, the distance between them must be more than 50 cm, and the diameter of the drainpipe must be from 10 cm. Regardless of the roof area, there must be at least two funnels on it, otherwise flooding or clogging of the system is possible.

To correctly determine the number of water intake funnels, it is necessary to operate with data on the intensity and frequency of precipitation.

Structure of a flat roof roofing pie

Construction of the structure is allowed in two ways:

Installation of roof waterproofing

Waterproofing work, regardless of the type of flat roof, is the same and is carried out taking into account a number of requirements:

the roof structure should have a slight slope for free flow of precipitation;
the waterproofing layer is laid in the form of a solid and homogeneous sheet;
the throughput of the drainage system should be as high as possible;
The waterproofing near the communications outlet must be slightly raised.

To arrange a flat roof, you can use different materials:

Video: DIY flat roof waterproofing

Laying insulation on a flat roof

Selecting insulation from the practical and inexpensive materials presented today will not be difficult:

Any craftsman can independently insulate a roof, regardless of the material chosen, according to the presented diagram:

Selection and calculation of insulation. During installation, the slabs are cut into pieces the right size, so it is recommended to take extra material.
Preparing the base for insulation: cleaning, laying vapor barrier.
Laying the material. To avoid the formation of condensation, it is recommended to install the insulation at a distance of 2 cm from the film or use anti-condensation material. Suitable for attaching thermal insulation material to the base. bitumen mastic, special glue, liquid nails, although regular nails can also be used.
Sealing joints. In order to eliminate inter-tile cracks and gaps, you will need polyurethane foam.

Treatment of wooden roofs against fire

Creation of a fire retardant coating on roof structures is carried out using the following methods:

constructive - involves the use of fire-resistant heat insulators, screens, partitions;
mechanical processing method - applying special compounds to wooden elements to slow down or prevent the combustion process. As a rule, such products also have antiseptic properties.

The main tasks of fire retardants are:

making structures resistant to fire;
creating clear boundaries of flame spread;
reducing the level of smoke formation and the release of toxic substances.

There are two types of impregnations:

Intumescent - when exposed to heat, they swell and create a kind of hard, fire-resistant shield.
Non-intumescent - highly fire-resistant varnish-painting compositions, which, due to their thin layer, prevent the roofing material from catching fire.

All wooden elements of a flat roof must be coated with fire retardant impregnations.

To treat wooden elements, it is recommended to use salt impregnations (the protection lasts for about 2–4 years) or organic mixtures (the fire resistance effect lasts about 17 years). If it is necessary to emphasize the natural structure of wood, protective varnishes and paints can be used. Due to coating with impregnations and agents on water based the wood does not ignite, but chars.

Maximum protection is deep roof treatment performed under high pressure, as a result of which a new surface is formed that is not susceptible to the destructive effects of flame.

One of the dangerous consequences of a fire is the deformation and collapse of metal structures, so applying a protective agent is especially necessary in crowded areas. Thus, steel roof parts are plastered or painted with intumescent agents. Due to the layer of plaster, the metal does not heat up, maintaining its load-bearing capabilities. Disadvantage this method is the fragility of the coating and low resistance to mechanical damage. A higher quality analogue is considered to be painting, when the coating creates a thick layer with strong heating that does not allow the roof structure to heat up for 0.3–2.5 hours.

Metal roofing material is fire resistant

When choosing a treatment method, you should take into account the characteristics of roofing materials. So, if tiles are laid on the roof, then at the time of a fire only smoke will appear, and the covering will crack. Roofing material on a bitumen-polymer basis, it is dangerous due to rapid flammability and the spread of fire to nearby surfaces.

Thus, despite the simplicity of this work, when installing it yourself, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the region in which the roof is used, its rafter system and the roofing pie. If all recommendations are followed, the structure will be durable and resistant to negative influences in the form of climate change, precipitation, mechanical loads, and fire.

Ventilation features

Regardless of the design, the roof must be well ventilated, otherwise problems cannot be avoided that can cause damage to the roof. Ventilation is a system that allows you to keep each layer of the roofing cake from moisture. In this case, you must follow certain rules:

For proper air exchange, an aerator is used - metal or plastic pipe, which is located at certain points throughout the entire roof area.
It is necessary to install cone-shaped umbrellas that protect the roof from precipitation. Unnecessary moisture is removed due to the pressure difference.

Installation of aerators

The main function of these devices is to remove excess moisture and remove humid air. They can be installed both during the construction of the roof and during operation. In some cases, installing an aerator is a preventative measure to prevent rotting of the roof's outer covering.

The flat roof ventilation system must be equipped with aerators

The number of these parts on the roof depends on its area, the volume of condensate and moisture, and the condition of the roof. It is necessary to increase them in the case of installing a roof over specific premises, such as a bathhouse or a swimming pool.

The ventilation process itself is ensured by special pipes. These are also polyethylene aerators with a diameter of 6 to 12 cm. Their special feature is the presence of umbrellas.

The aerator installation process is as follows:

You must first check the condition of the insulation. If this is necessary, the material must be replaced.
Lubricate the lower part of the aerator with mastic and then attach it to the base of the roof. Carefully secure the skirt with several self-tapping screws.
The junction of the aerators must be sealed with waterproofing material.

Ventilation duct for a flat roof with a superstructure

In the case of a flat roof with a superstructure, the ventilation outlets must be mounted vertically. This way they will be able to direct air flows, create draft, and protect the roof ventilation system from rain and snow. The peculiarity of a flat roof with a superstructure is that its ventilation system does not have connections using adapters. Additionally, you can install an electric fan. It works so silently and efficiently that you will not hear any sound from it.

Aerators can be equipped with electric fans

Lightning protection mesh down conductor

Every home needs lightning protection. In the case of a flat roof, all work is carried out according to the following scheme:

An air terminal is used in the form of a mesh, which can be made of round steel with a diameter of 6–8 mm.
The tap is metal conductor made of wire with a cross-section of 6 mm, which must be connected to ground. It is recommended to make the underground part from rolled steel with a diameter of 10 mm. You can also use pipes and fittings as a down conductor. If there are several of these parts, then they need to be installed at a distance of 25 m from each other.
If the flat roof is covered metal material, then the lightning rod system can be supplemented with a steel sheathing, which just needs to be connected to the roof. This system is only relevant for seam roofs.

A mesh lightning rod is suitable for a flat roof.

The mesh lightning rod system can be installed both during the process of arranging the roof and during the laying of the covering. The first option is recommended when using non-combustible insulation. In this case, the mesh is placed under the waterproofing. The second option has no restrictions, but such a lightning rod affects not only appearance home, as well as the necessary technical characteristics of the roof. To do this, simply lay the mesh on the roof surface and secure it with special holders. Remember about the need for a ventilation gap if you use flammable materials.

Rules for the construction of lightning protection mesh:

the branches must be folded perpendicularly, and cells with equal sides should be formed;
the distance between them should be a maximum of 12 m; when installing a roof over a garage, this parameter is 5 m;
When installing devices that rise above the level of the lightning rod, they must contain additional rods in their design.

It is better to fix metal parts by welding.

It is advisable to connect the receiver branches to each side of the down conductor.

A down conductor must be on every roof

Drainage

The drainage system for a flat roof consists of pipes, connecting elements and funnels. It can be external or internal. For a flat roof, the second option is often chosen. All gutters should be installed at an angle greater than 3 degrees towards the center of the house. It is recommended to lay drain pipes on top of the insulation, and funnels under the waterproofing layer.

The drainage system consists of gutters and funnels

A flat roof should have at least three funnels. One of them is the main one, the other two are connected to the riser and storm drain.

The internal system can have a different design:

gravity flow collects water from the entire roof and only then discharges it through pipes; it has a slope;
siphon means the use of special devices that, thanks to rarefied pressure, absorb water and direct it into the sewer riser.

There are certain rules for installing a drainage system for a flat roof:

Gutters should be located in the lowest places of the roof.
The slope from the funnel should be at least 5 degrees at a distance of 50 cm; for this it is recommended to reduce the thickness of the insulation or use a leveling screed. To install drainage funnels, it is recommended to take a wooden beam, which must be fixed to the base of the roof, and then treated with antiseptic solutions.
The diameter of horizontal pipes should be no more than 7.5 cm.
If the funnel is located above the freezing level, an electric heating device is required.

Protects the cornice from the negative effects of water.

The drip prevents negative impact moisture on the roof eaves

The drip line is mounted along the edges of the roof, while it is directed downwards. Additionally, this element can be coated with polymer.

The installation process is as follows:

Install the flashing parallel to the eaves, placing it under the sheathing board. For fastening, you can use nails or screws.
You can also install a dropper on the front board. This method is suitable for roofs with minimum angle tilt, but remember that such a system may not withstand snow loads.
The drip tip and the gutter should be as close as possible to each other.

Roofing options

For a flat roof, it is necessary to choose materials that meet increased requirements, in particular, this applies to:

strength;
light weight;
good warm sound insulation;
resistance to solar radiation, frost, high temperature, fungi and mold, fire;
long service life;
efficiency;
ease of care.

Corrugated sheet

Installation is carried out directly on the floor beams. Allows you to reduce installation costs reinforced concrete covering thanks to the use of our own bearing capacity profiled sheet. In some cases, concreting can be completely abandoned.

The reliability of such a roof can be increased if the voids between the waves are filled with any non-flammable porous material.

Laying corrugated sheets does not require sheathing

Ruberoid

This type of roofing requires a special roofing pie:

First you need to perform a rollover. Gravel is ideal for this purpose.
Roof slope can be done in different ways
Next, you can install a drainage system.
Protect the insulation layer with vapor barrier membrane, on top of which the heat-insulating material is laid. You can put mineral wool or expanded polystyrene under the roofing felt.
The easiest way to install slab or roll insulation
Place sagging waterproofing material on the insulation.
You can mount a solid base made of plywood, flat slate, wood or concrete. This sheathing must be coated with a primer.
Now you can lay the roofing material. There are two ways to install roofing felt. Lap laying involves laying the material so that it ends on a vertical surface. The next canvas must be laid in a manner adjacent to the previous one. The amount of overlap varies between 10–15 cm. Next method installation of roofing felt into the fork. In this case, the material is attached to the rail, the connection point is covered with metal aprons.

The number of layers depends on the area and slope of the roof (the smaller it is, the more layers are needed). For installation you can use gas burner, but be careful not to burn the material. To do this, it is recommended to direct the flame down the roll, which results in the formation of molten bitumen protruding beyond the edges.

They can be used not only for building houses, but also for arranging roofing structures. Moreover, this can be either the construction of a new house or the replacement of the roof of an old building. The material from which the walls were built does not have any role; the panels can easily be mounted on absolutely any structure. The main advantages of sip panels:

no need for insulation and vapor barrier;
good sound insulation properties;
high energy efficiency;
increased strength.

We also need to remember the disadvantages:

a ventilation system is required due to the tightness of the cracks;
Before laying the protective material, it is necessary to seal the external joints.

A roof made of sip panels does not require insulation

The masonry of sip panels is carried out parallel to the Mauerlat. The angle of inclination of such a roof should be at least 5 degrees, but only if there is no attic.

The construction of sip panels requires additional covering with other roofing materials, for example, metal tiles or ondulin.

Video: is it possible to make a roof from sip panels

PVC roofing

PVC membrane is a plasticized polymer that can give special strength to the roof due to reinforcement with ether fiber.

PVC roofing has good waterproofing properties

The advantage of this material is its elasticity and resistance to constant temperature changes. But it should not be used with bitumen-based materials.

Installation is carried out in several stages:

It is necessary to remove the old waterproofing, and then lay new material in compliance with all rules.
Now you can install the membrane film; this can be done on any base.

There are three mounting methods:

The first is to use warm welding, that is, with heated air. This guarantees the strength of the seam. This procedure can be done specially welding machine, with which you need to process the edges of the film, after which the roofing material can be fixed on the roof. You can also use special tapes with a double-sided adhesive base.
The second type of fastening is suitable for roofs with a slope of no more than 15 degrees. Fixation occurs only around the perimeter and at junctions. After this, ballast weighing more than 50 kg per 1 m 2 is used. To do this, you can take pebbles, crushed stone, concrete block, paving slabs and any other heavy object.
Mechanical method. It can be chosen when the presence of additional load on load-bearing structure unacceptable, as well as in cases of absence of drains and parapets. The fastening proceeds as follows. Telescopic fasteners are installed around the perimeter, which can be plastic umbrellas with a large hat and a metal anchor. If the roof slope is greater than 10 degrees, disc holders can be used. The elements are placed at a distance of 2 m. It is recommended to use two rows of fasteners at the junction points.

Video: do-it-yourself PVC flat roof

Cellular polycarbonate

For furnishing residential premises, it is recommended to choose material with the greatest thickness. The peculiarity of installation is that there is a need to install rafters in meter increments. A frame is also required, which can be made of carbonate or metal profiles. They, in turn, are recommended to be protected from dust and dirt. The profile can be fastened with self-tapping screws directly to the rafters.

Now you can attach the polycarbonate sheets. To do this, you can use fixing profiles and simple self-tapping screws. It is recommended to drill a hole in advance that is larger than the diameter of the screw. It is not recommended to screw these elements in too tightly, otherwise there is a risk of damage to the material due to changes in temperature conditions.

Polycarbonate can be classified as a fragile material, so it is recommended to be quite careful when working with it. Certain rules must be followed:

The leaf channels should be parallel to the slope.
Work must be carried out on smooth surface using a sharpened tool.
The film can only be removed after cutting.

Main nodes

The reliability of the structure largely depends on the correct arrangement of the junction points with building structures. This applies to parapets, walls, pipes, ventilation elements.

Cornice knot

The eaves are a roof element that can provide a long service life by increasing the strength of the edges. It must be covered with roofing material on top, and siding or wood can be used to finish the bottom. When the cornice is located at the very bottom of the slope, the following functions are assigned to it:

giving harmony and logical completeness to the architectural appearance;
ensuring walls are protected from high humidity, foundation blind areas from the flow of melt water.

The minimum width of the cornice should be 50 cm. This parameter depends on the amount of precipitation in a particular region.

The cornice is designed to protect the edge of the roof

Cold roof units

Their purpose is to ensure insulation of the transition from a horizontal to a vertical surface, as well as sealing seams.

To create cold roof units you need:

Install the strip at the junction points, using a sealant. This is necessary to prevent dust and moisture from entering the roofing pie.
Make a groove in the wall into which you need to insert the strip into the groove, then secure the system with dowels and a layer of sealant.
Now it needs to be connected to the roofing material using self-tapping screws. If the roof is covered with corrugated board or slate, then you need to screw the fasteners into the most protruding point of the wave.

Connections to the parapet

The junction with the parapet requires enhanced waterproofing through the use of rolled roofing; it must be laid with an approach to a vertical surface, and the presence of a special support must be ensured. If you install roofing material without it, a cavity may form, which will cause mechanical damage and failure of the coating. Therefore, it is necessary to provide support at an angle of 45 degrees between the base of the roof and the parapet. This can be a cement-sand screed or a wooden block.

The parapet performs a protective function

The waterproofing layer must be glued to the base of the roof, to this side and to the parapet, using heated bitumen mastic.

Before it dries, insert the edge of the waterproofing layer into the prepared groove. This part of the material can then be secured with a metal strip and dowels. Treat the joint area with sealant.

Features of flat roof maintenance

There are certain requirements for the installation of a flat roof.

Heating

There come times when the sun's heat is not enough to turn snow and icicles into water. Therefore heating is required. There are several options for arranging this system for a flat roof:

use of self-regulating cables;
installation of resistive heating elements.

Their difference lies in the operating principle of the adjustment and heating elements. In the first case, these are two copper conductors connected to each other by a plastic plate, which is the heating element. This system independently regulates the amount of heat emitted. The lower the air temperature, the lower the resistance connecting element, which means more current and more heat generated.

Heating a flat roof prevents snow retention and icing

When using resistive heating elements, heat is transferred through its conductive core. The main advantage of such a system is its affordable price, but it is worth remembering that there is no automatic temperature control.

Snow removal

If the angle of inclination of the slopes is insufficient, there is a high probability of snow deposits, which can lead to roof leakage, faster wear, and the formation of icicles on the eaves.

You need to remove snow from a flat roof in a timely manner

IN winter period Snow removal must be carried out regularly, since even during a thaw, with a sharp drop in temperature, the gutters can freeze, which will lead to deformation and damage to the system.

There are several ways to get rid of icicles:

ultrasound;
laser device;
chemicals.

The advantages of these methods are that the presence of a person on the roof is not required, which makes the process of removing snow and icicles safer.

As preventive measures, you can use special compounds that prevent roof icing:

synthetic rubber;
organic silicon;
fluoroplastic mixture.

These products reduce the adhesion of ice to the roofing material.

The roof is the most important element of the structure of a house, which is why its installation requires certain professional skills. Installation errors are unacceptable; they can be too expensive.

Hip roof For almost all Europeans, it is more familiar than horizontal. But in many Asian and Mediterranean countries such a roof is common. Both options have advantages and disadvantages. Until recently it was believed that pitched design more suitable for harsh conditions. The flat roof was widely used for multi-story buildings. Due to their strength, reliability, and durability, floor slabs made the installation of rafter systems for hip roofs unnecessary.

Design project of a house with a flat roof

Why has the flat roof become a new trend?

A characteristic disadvantage of this method was insufficient waterproofing. Leaks caused a lot of trouble for residents of the upper floors. A flat roof in a private house was extremely rare. One of the main reasons for abandoning this method of roofing was the inability to guarantee high-quality waterproofing. It was impractical to install existing roofing materials on a horizontal surface.

Today, technologically, it is possible to install a flat roof using market materials. The range of products allows us to successfully cope with technical tasks and at the same time achieve the aesthetic goals of the project. What are the pros and cons of a flat roof in a private house? Why do designers and homeowners pay attention to such a design today?

Relaxation area on a flat roof

Advantages of a flat roof

In warm countries, straight horizontal roofing often not only had protective properties, but also solved functional problems. The place was used as a drying place for food, vegetables, fruits, and berries. An additional light canopy made it possible to use the area for household needs, rest and eating. For hot climates, a flat roof was preferable to a pitched counterpart. A growing trend in recent decades for residents of continental Europe has been the installation of a flat roof. Owners of this design receive the following benefits:

Additional usable space.
Original design building.
There are no costs for installing a rafter system and purchasing traditional roofing materials.
Smaller area for installation and finishing work.
A simple design, during the construction of which there is no need to use the services of expensive specialists.
Installation safety. The worker is on a flat horizontal surface, and not on a slope.
A flat roof is more resistant to wind.

Designers are eager to take advantage of the benefits of a flat roof and offer additional options to expand the possibilities of its operation. For example, projects with a swimming pool are popular. It is not necessary to build stationary structure. There are enough mobile products of this class on the market, which are easily installed and then dismantled. The result is the perfect place for a mini-beach. Here you can swim and sunbathe.

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer roof repair and design services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Private pool - perfect option use of a flat roof

Disadvantages of a flat roof

Having assessed the advantages of the design, it should be noted that this design also has disadvantages. Precipitation can be a serious problem. The greatest danger is snow. In regions with a lot of precipitation in winter, you should consider a timely cleaning system or take into account the possible load on the roof when designing. For middle zone This problem is relevant for Russia. When choosing a roof installation method, this nuance should be noted. The design also takes into account the drainage system. It is somewhat more complicated than that of a pitched roof. The channels are installed at the maximum possible angle, the surfaces are tilted to effective removal moisture. Particular attention is paid to the roofing pie. High demands are made when choosing materials, and installation technologies are strictly followed.

Snow poses a risk to flat roofs

If a regular and sensitive load on the structure is expected, then it is better to entrust the calculations to a professional. A guarantee of strength is required. The height of the roof plane above the ground creates another important task - the need to install fences. The issue of safety for human health and life should not come first. The height and shape of the fence should eliminate the risk of accidents not only for adults, but also, most importantly, for children. The lack of protective structures is a serious drawback. Such a flat roof in a private house cannot be used for recreation and entertainment. The disadvantages include the inability to arrange a closed useful space under the roof, such as an attic or attic.

Video description

For more information about the pros and cons of a flat roof, watch the video:

Options for installing a straight horizontal roof

The evolution of technology has made it possible to use several types of flat roof installation. The materials used belong to different classes and categories, but all of them must be intended specifically for the installation of roofs. It is customary to divide flat roofing into two main types - exploitable and non-exploitable. Depending on the chosen option, appropriate materials are selected. When manufacturing products, the manufacturer lays down the necessary qualities that make the roof able to withstand physical and climatic loads. Today, the installation of a flat roof of a private house can be done in the following options:

Factory-made floor slabs.
Reinforced concrete monolith, performed directly during construction.
Complex multi-layer roofing pie.

The last option is the most difficult. It is used for the lungs frame structures and is a set of insulation, waterproofing, load-bearing plane, and roofing material. Industrial floor slabs are most often used, but they can only be installed on houses where the walls are made of bricks or blocks of various compositions. Install a flat roof on wooden house doesn't seem like an obvious solution. This is technically difficult and not always justified from an aesthetic point of view. However, in cases of exclusive design, such an idea can be successfully implemented.

An important task at the stage of planning and purchasing components is the correct choice. There are pros and cons to building a house with a flat roof, and in order to identify the best qualities and level out the disadvantages, the following rules should be followed:

Purchase insulation for facade work.
Use roofing insulation during installation.
Accurately calculating the expected load on the supporting structure of the house is especially important when the house is framed or made of SIP panels.
The roofing material is selected that is designed to withstand the load when people or objects are on it.
Use a specialized drainage system.
Purchase fences of increased reliability and strength that can withstand operational loads.

The choice of building materials for arranging the roof must be approached responsibly

Choice of insulation

Foamed polymers are used as insulation - expanded polystyrene, non-polyurethane, polyethylene foam and other similar materials. Expanded clay is traditionally used. It is load-resistant and does not require a thick screed. Modern and effective method is considered to be the use of mineral, basalt wool. The material is lightweight, has a low heat transfer coefficient, is achieved high level soundproofing. The main disadvantage of this product category is hygroscopicity. Mineral wool absorbs moisture, so it is recommended to use reliable waterproofing materials.

Useful decor

If technically possible, the roof surface may be finished with decorative materials - tiles, paving stones, panels, slats, boards for outdoor use. An integrated approach to roofing is widely used. Part of the structure has a traditional hipped shape, while the other part is designed as a flat roof. In some cases, the surface is partially or completely covered with turf or other types of plants. The roof in use involves high loads, so special attention is paid to waterproofing. top scores achieved by several layers of protection. Rolled, sheet materials are acquired in accordance with the corresponding indicators. The seamless installation method has proven itself well. Bulk polymer compositions today look the most attractive for this operation.

Flat roof in a private house, and its good option decoration

Conclusion

Summarizing the information, it can be noted that the emergence of a new class of materials for waterproofing and roof decoration made it possible to construct a durable roof. Its popularity is growing steadily. Projects that are presented on thematic websites and in television programs clearly demonstrate the advantages of this type of home decoration.