The company bottles mixtures of fruit juices into boxes. Juice production: description of manufacturing technology

Business plan for the juice production enterprise "Svyzhato"

* The calculations use average data for Russia

1. PROJECT SUMMARY

The goal of the project is to create an enterprise for the production of natural juices (trademark “Squeezed!”). The location of the enterprise is st. Dinskaya, Krasnodar region. Sales region: Southern Federal District.

Despite a slight decrease in consumption volumes in recent years, some types of juice products tend to increase in demand - fruit drinks, uzvars, etc. High-quality natural juices from regional producers are also in demand, since consumers tend to consider such products to be of higher quality and “honest”. These two factors can be considered the main prerequisite for organizing an enterprise.

The location of the production is economically beneficial, since the Krasnodar region is the largest supplier of fruits in Russia. Thus, the enterprise receives a number of logistical and economic benefits. In addition, the climate of the Southern Federal District is characterized by a long warm season, which is when juice consumption peaks. This will ensure higher demand compared to other regions and a more uniform production load.

During business planning, studies of the industry, demand structure, competitive environment and other important factors were carried out. The project is effective and attractive for investment, which is confirmed by performance indicators (Table 1).

Table 1. Project performance indicators

	Indicator name	Meaning
	Investment costs, rub.
	Payback period (PP), months.
	Discounted payback period (DPP), months.
	Payback period, months.
	Discount rate (R), %
	Net present value (NPV), rub.
	Return on Investment Ratio (ARR), %
	Internal rate of return (IRR), %
	Profitability Index (PI)

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

Consumption of juices and nectars in Russia has been declining in recent years. Experts attribute this to a decrease in the solvency of the population and rising prices for these products. Since juice is not an essential product, the consumer is one of the first to refuse it. In addition, the decrease in consumption is associated with a shift in demand from 100% juices towards other non-alcoholic drinks, in particular nectars, juice drinks, and drinking water in the middle price segment. Sales of 100% juices in 2015 fell by 16%, nectars - by 13.4%, and juice drinks - by 7.9%.

According to Euromonitor International analysts, juice consumption in physical terms, which has been growing steadily since 2010, decreased slightly in 2013 (-2% compared to 2012). In 2014, the drop was already 4%, and in 2015 – 13%. In value terms, the market decline in 2015 was more than 5%. According to expert forecasts, continued decline should be expected for another 5 years.

Figure 1. Dynamics of juice production in Russia in 2010-2015, billion standard cans

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The largest producers unanimously confirm the decline in sales volumes, citing as one of the trends in market development the competition between the brands of manufacturers specializing in juices and the own brands of retail chains, which, as a rule, have a significantly lower retail price.

Figure 2. Structure of consumption of soft drinks in Russia

Figure 3. Structure of juice consumption by taste

The combined market share of the three largest manufacturers is just over 70% of the total market volume. At the same time, the distribution of shares remains virtually unchanged over time. Manufacturers are acquiring new production facilities and brands, due to which their sales volumes have increased. In 2014-2015, some production was stopped due to a drop in demand.

Since the strategy of constantly updating the line (in this case, flavors) is widespread in the FMCG segment, for example, mixtures of classic flavors with exotic ones appear. In addition, the trends of recent years include the spread of national drinks - fruit drink, uzvar, etc. Another trend can be considered the growing interest of consumers in natural juices, without additives, with the maximum amount of vitamins. Consumers have recently become increasingly negative about reconstituted juices.

Rosstat data, which the service receives by collecting official data from market participants, may not coincide with data from analytical agencies, whose analytics are based on surveys and the collection of unofficial data.

Figure 4. Dynamics of financial indicators of the industry according to OKVED 15.32 in 2007-2015, thousand rubles.

Figure 5. Change in industry revenue according to OKVED 15.32 in 2007-2015.

Figure 6. Change in profit from industry sales according to OKVED 15.32 in 2007-2015.

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Figure 7. Dynamics of industry financial ratios according to OKVED 15.32 in 2007-2015, %

As can be seen from the above diagrams, Rosstat’s data has some discrepancies with the research of independent agencies. According to Rosstat, until 2014, industry revenue grew steadily, showing a decline only in 2015. The change in profit from operating activities occurred in waves, reaching minimums in 2011 and 2014, and in 2015 it showed an increase of 22%. At the same time, the profitability of sales, according to the same data, in 2015 increased by 27%. Theoretically, this may be due to an increase in retail prices for industry products. Gross margin and return on assets also showed good growth. At the same time, it is difficult to explain the data on the growth of absolute indicators.

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The slight increase in shipment volumes in monetary terms can also be explained by an increase in prices for goods. Rosstat did not provide data on shipments in physical terms.

Figure 8. Change in product sales volumes in 2007-2015. according to OKVED 15.32

Figure 9. Share of regions in sales volumes according to OKVED 15.32

The enterprise is created directly for this project. It is planned to purchase equipment and place a production line on a rented area in the station. Dinskaya, Krasnodar region. This location is beneficial from a logistics point of view (purchase of raw materials, sale of finished products), as well as from the point of view of reducing costs for renting production space.

Stanitsa Dinskaya is the administrative center and largest settlement of the Dinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory. Population – 34,848 people. One of the largest rural settlements in Russia. Distance from Krasnodar – 30 km. The M4 Don federal highway runs along the western border of the village. Today, a number of agricultural enterprises and enterprises for processing agricultural products are located in the village.

Krasnodar Territory is a subject of the Russian Federation located in the southwest of the country; is part of the Southern Federal District. The climate in most of the territory is temperate continental. In general, hot summers and mild winters are typical. In the Russian economy, the region stands out as the most important agricultural region of the country (7% of gross agricultural output in Russia, 1st place among the regions of the country). The basis of the region's agriculture is the cultivation of grain crops and sunflowers, but horticulture and viticulture are also developed, which is of great importance for the project under consideration. In addition, gardening is also developed in neighboring regions - the Rostov region and the Stavropol Territory. All this allows us to assert that the raw materials for the project are affordable, high quality and competitive in price.

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It is planned to purchase a technological line with a capacity of up to 8,000 l/shift (1,000 l/h). Packaging – 1 liter Tetrapak bags. Sales - wholesale, through distribution companies.

Table 2. Investment costs for the project

	NAME	AMOUNT, rub.
Real estate
	Preparing the production area
Equipment
	Process line
	Laboratory equipment
	Office equipment
Intangible assets
Working capital
	Working capital
	Purchase of raw materials
	Purchase of materials
	Total:	5,622,000 RUR
	Own funds:	RUB 3,500,000.00
	Required borrowings:	RUB 2,122,000
	Bid:
	Duration, months:

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES

The company produces natural (directly pressed) fruit (apple and grape) and vegetable (tomato) juice. Raw materials are purchased from local suppliers (Krasnodar Territory - 75%, Rostov Region - 25%).

Juice is a liquid food product obtained by squeezing edible ripe fruits of fruit or vegetable crops.

Traditionally, juices are divided into three types:

Freshly squeezed - produced directly in the presence of the consumer using manual or mechanical processing of fruits or other parts of plants;

Directly pressed - made from benign fruits and vegetables, undergone a pasteurization process and bottled in a special aseptic or glass container; has a relatively short shelf life - no more than 3 months;

Reconstituted - made from concentrated juice and drinking water, bottled in aseptic containers.

Nectar is a liquid food product prepared from concentrated juice (puree), drinking water with or without the addition of natural flavor-forming substances of the same name. When making nectar, the proportion of concentrated juice (puree) is at least 20-50% (depending on the fruits or vegetables used). Nectar may also contain sugar, acidulants, fruit and vegetable pulp, and citrus fruit pulp. The content of natural juice in nectar is 25-99%.

For the convenience of accounting for canned products, which also include juices and nectars, a standard container volume was adopted - the so-called conventional can. The capacity of a conventional can is 353 cubic centimeters, and the net weight is 350 grams. To further simplify accounting, the volume of a conventional can is taken as 0.4 liters.

For production, only fresh vegetables and fruits are used, supplied directly from the manufacturer - fresh harvest in season or fruit and vegetable storage. The raw materials are manually sorted and unsuitable fruits are eliminated.

Ready juices are packaged in aseptic Tetrapak packaging of 1 liter. The shelf life for all types is 3 months from the date of manufacture. When opened, no more than 3 days at a temperature not exceeding +20 °C. For production, only high-quality drinking water that has undergone special preparation and white sugar are used. The nomenclature is presented in Table. 3.

Table 3. Nomenclature of the enterprise and main characteristics

The packaging design is developed by the CreativeIM design bureau (Moscow) taking into account modern trends. Basic design requirements:

modern style

attracting attention (difference from analogues on the supermarket shelf)

reflection of the regional origin of the product

4. SALES AND MARKETING

The main sales channel (70% of volume) is distribution companies. The rest of the volume is direct sales to large retail chains. The markup on average in both cases is the same (Table 4). The retail price is not fixed by the manufacturer, but the manufacturer offers a recommended retail price.

Table 4. Nomenclature and prices

Sales are organized by sales representatives who conduct direct negotiations with distributors and retail chains. At the initial stage, the main emphasis is on establishing relationships with distribution companies in order to delegate to them a significant part of the work on processing the market.

The products are positioned in the middle price segment. The main target audience is men and women aged 3–50 years. According to statistics, in the Southern Federal District, juice consumption per capita is 57%. The average annual consumption of juice in Russia is 16 l/person. Thus, the market volume is:

Potential. The population of the Southern Federal District is 16.4 million people; of them aged 3-50 years – 76% or 12.5 million people; this amounts to 199.4 million liters of juice per year or 16.6 million liters per month.

Actual. In the overall structure of juice consumption, the company's product range accounts for about 30% of the total volume (of which 24% is apple juice). In addition, at least 60% of the population prefer to buy juices from well-known brands. Thus, the actual volume is 1.5 million people. or 24 million liters per year (2 million liters per month).

Accessible. Given the significant actual size of the market, the capacity of the production line should be used to determine the available volume. Its productivity is 1,000 l/hour (8,000 l/shift or 176,000 l/month).

Table 5. Planned sales volumes

The following channels are used for promotion:

BTL materials at retail points of sale

own website

SMM (vk.com, ok.ru, fb.com, Instagram)

banners and billboards in the largest cities of the Southern Federal District (starting stage)

promotions in stores

The media plan and advertising budget are given in Appendix. 1 (data for the first 2 years of the project are presented, since planning for subsequent years is similar to the second year). The media plan is drawn up taking into account the seasonality of demand, while the advertising budget in some months exceeds 100,000 rubles, in others it is significantly lower than this amount. On average, the monthly budget is 85,000 rubles/month. With a planned average monthly advertising budget of 100,000 rubles. the remainder of the amount can be spent on unforeseen needs, or used to cover other expenses, or considered as additional profit of the enterprise.

Today, there are direct and indirect competitors in the regional market. Indirect ones, first of all, include large federal companies that produce reconstituted juices. As a rule, they have established sales channels, strong financial support, and have the best shelves in the largest retail chains. Since the project is located in a relatively narrow niche - directly pressed natural juices - there will be no direct competition with companies of this kind.

Direct competitors and basic information about them are presented in Table. 6. The quality of organoleptic properties and breadth of product range (in terms of flavors and packaging formats) are assessed on a 10-point scale, where 1 is the minimum (worst value).

Table 6. Direct competitors

	Name	Market share	Organoleptic properties	Nomenclature	Key competitor
	Grandfather's garden
	Fruits of Kuban
	Healthy juices
	The Bird of Happiness
	Summer in Kuban
	Bright life

In relation to key competitors, a strategy is envisaged to protect its market share. In relation to non-key ones - a strategy to attract their customers, primarily from competitors with low levels of organoleptic properties.

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

Production is located in st. Dinskaya Krasnodar Territory on a rented area. The territory has convenient access roads. The building has premises for storing raw materials, finished products, as well as a production facility in which a production line is installed. The total area of ​​the premises is 200 m2.

The equipment is purchased new, Russian-made. Preliminary work is carried out in the premises to bring it into compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards. Delivery and installation of equipment is included in the price and is organized by the supplier. After installation, commissioning and personnel training are carried out by a specialist from the supplier company. Also, a post-warranty service agreement is concluded with the supplier (warranty - 3 years).

Suppliers of raw materials are located in the Krasnodar Territory and Rostov Region, delivery is organized by the supplier. Raw materials go through a manual sorting stage. The share of defective raw materials is expected to be 4% of the total volume. If this indicator is systematically exceeded by more than 2%, a decision is made to search for a new supplier. The turnover period of the raw materials warehouse is no more than 4 days. The costs of raw materials per 1 liter of finished products are given in Table. 7.

Table 7. Costs of raw materials and materials per 1 liter of finished products

The waste is sold to farms for poultry feed and compost. The volume of return funds is taken into account in the variable costs per unit of production.

Finished products are packaged in boxes of 12 bags each and placed in the finished products warehouse. Turnover of the finished product warehouse is no more than 7 days. Delivery of products to the place of sale is carried out with the involvement of a transport company or private carriers (as agreed with the client).

A detailed production plan is given in Appendix. 2.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

Individual entrepreneur was chosen as the legal form for implementing the project. Taxation system – simplified tax system (income-expense).

Project team. The main leadership functions are performed by the entrepreneur: management, planning, sales management, financial management, marketing, etc. To do this, the entrepreneur has all the necessary knowledge and skills and has experience in entrepreneurial activity.

One of the key figures in the project is the production technologist, since the reputation of “Squeezed!” depends on the quality (and its stability), as well as the level of demand. Since the region is home to a large number of food enterprises, including those producing soft drinks, it is not difficult to find a qualified specialist. Basic requirement: work experience in a similar position in a similar production for at least 5 years.

Severe demands are also placed on sales representatives, since the development of the company depends on the quality of their work, which is especially critical in the first stages of project implementation. Requirements for candidates: availability of a car (business trips in the Southern Federal District), work experience in a similar position for at least 3 years, experience in negotiations at the level of senior officials, possession of strategic sales skills.

The staffing table and wage fund are shown in Table. 8.

Table 8. Staffing and wages fund

	Job title	Salary, rub.	Number, persons	Payroll, rub.
Administrative
	Accountant
Industrial
	Sorters
	Line Operator
	Technologist
Trade
	Sales Manager
	Sales Representative
	SMM manager
Auxiliary
	Storekeeper
	Total:			RUB 445,000.00
	Social Security contributions:			RUB 133,500.00
	Total with deductions:			RUB 578,500.00

Project implementation stages.

Preparation of office and industrial premises (2 weeks)

Selection and hiring of personnel (in parallel with the preparation of office premises, 3 weeks)

Purchase of equipment, its delivery and installation (2 weeks)

Equipment setup and operator training (1 week)

Searching for and attracting distributors to cooperation (after the release of prototypes)

Mass production

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan is designed for a five-year perspective and takes into account all income and expenses of the enterprise. The income of the enterprise includes only revenue from operating activities, since for five years no investment is expected, or the sale of fixed assets, etc.

Investment costs for the project are given in Table. 2. These include the costs of preparing premises, purchasing equipment, and a starting advertising campaign. A special item is the cost of the initial purchase of raw materials (35,000 liters, approximately 1.5 months of work); in the future, the purchase of raw materials will be made at the expense of the enterprise’s own funds. It also provides for the creation of a working capital fund to cover their deficit until the payback period is reached; The size of the fund is 750,000 rubles. With total investment costs of 5.62 million rubles, the entrepreneur’s own funds amount to 3.5 million. The missing amount is expected to be raised in the form of a bank loan for a period of 60 months. at 18% per annum. The loan is repaid using annuity payments; the loan holiday is 3 months.

The structure of variable costs is reflected in Table. 5 and Table. 7. These include raw materials and supplies for the production of products, as well as the costs of electricity and water consumed by production.

Fixed costs are shown in Table. 9. Fixed expenses take into account depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over a service life of fixed assets of 5 years.

Table 9. Fixed costs for the project

Personnel costs (payroll with deductions) amount to 578,500 rubles/month. (Table 8).

A detailed financial plan is given in Appendix. 3.

8. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

Project effectiveness is assessed on the basis of simple and integral indicators. The main performance indicators are given in Table. 1.

Discounted cash flow is used to account for changes in the value of an investment over time. The accepted discount rate is 5.5%, which reflects the non-innovative nature of production. The technology and product are widely known in the market.

Simple (PP) and discounted (DPP) payback periods for the project are 8 months. Net present value (NPV) is RUB 5.4 million. This is a high indicator reflecting the real effectiveness of the project. Internal rate of return (IRR) – 11.82%. Profitability index (PI) – 1.14 > 1.0. All these indicators indicate the effectiveness and high investment attractiveness of the project.

9. RISKS AND GUARANTEES

Identification of possible risks and their assessment is an important factor in forming a project development strategy. When assessing risks, the following are considered:

economic, political, demographic, social and other factors

threats from competitors

internal problems of the enterprise

Table 10. Project risks and measures to prevent them (5-point scale)

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№	Risk	Probability of occurrence	Criticality of consequences	Prevention and response strategy
	Fall in effective demand amid the crisis			Displacement of competitors, including price Reducing production costs by reducing rental and advertising costs If there is a positive trend in demand - an active image advertising campaign
	Fruit harvest failure			Creating a pool of suppliers, preventing dependence on anchor Monitoring of imported raw materials, development of backup options
	Changing taste preferences of the population			Using “made in Kuban” positioning
	Entry of new players into the market			Active brand promotion and building consumer loyalty Formation of conditions within the enterprise for possible price struggle
	Problems with production technology, quality instability, low product quality

A juice production line can become very profitable if the business is organized correctly. This drink is in quite high demand, and not necessarily only in the summer; juices are enjoyed with great pleasure all year round. So, many people would prefer to see juice on their holiday table at any time of the year rather than mineral drinks with dyes.

Premises for organizing production

The premises where you plan to set up your business should have enough space to purchase at least one juice production line. In addition, it is necessary to take care of the space where raw materials will be stored, where the finished product warehouse will be located, as well as household premises. If you want to save money, then the office can be located on the territory of the plant.

It is more profitable to locate production outside the city, and there are several good reasons for this. Firstly, you can save significantly on rent, and secondly, housing and communal services tariffs will be lower accordingly (and this is important, since you will have to use a large amount of water). As for the area of ​​the room, for starters you can stop at 150 m2.

Necessary equipment

If you decide to purchase a juice production line, its price will vary from 2 to 6 million rubles. Basically, the cost depends on the country of origin, service life and year of manufacture (if you purchase used equipment). Naturally, before purchasing, you should do a market analysis of the manufacturers of the relevant equipment in order to have an idea of ​​the manufacturers.

Technological lines for the production of juices consist of the following equipment:

Water treatment systems (includes several filters for water purification).

Fresh product conveying line

• Pumps and filters for finished products.
• Mixing jars.
• Homogenizer.
• Pasteurizer.
• Heat exchanger.
• Tank for aseptic storage.
• Filling machine.
• Washing equipment.
• A device for removing packages and packaging them into containers.

If you decide to acquire used equipment, then the price of such a juice production line will be much cheaper. However, before purchasing it, you need to consult with specialists, since it often happens that repairing and debugging the old line will cost you exactly the same amount of money as the difference between the new and old equipment.

Types of juice and technologies for its production

Based on what raw materials will be used on the production line, juices are divided into:

• fruit;
• vegetable;
• fruit and vegetable;
• vegetable and fruit.

Juice that is made from one type of fruit is called monojuice (ordinary) juice, and juice from several is called blended (mixed).

Depending on the preparation technology, juices are:

• direct spin;
• restored.

Freshly squeezed juice (fresh)

Freshly squeezed juice (fresh) is directly squeezed juice that is not subjected to industrial processing; it is consumed immediately after the squeeze process. Most people believe that this type of drink is the healthiest. In fact, this is true, subject to certain conventions. For example, if the juice is obtained exclusively from ripe and fresh fruits that are grown in an area with a clean environmental situation.

Therefore, if you think carefully, the usefulness of fresh juices can be questioned. For example, a line for the production of freshly squeezed orange juice. The fruit itself is “overseas” and takes a very long time to arrive to us; moreover, it is collected when it is still unripe (which means that it does not contain the necessary vitamins). Another unpleasant fact is that before a long journey it is treated with certain substances so that it simply does not disappear. Conclusion: fresh juice from such a fruit can hardly be called healthy.

Directly pressed juice

Filtration of freshly squeezed juice Straight-pressed juice is freshly squeezed juice that is preserved for long-term storage. To obtain such juice, it is necessary to use exclusively fresh and ripe fruits.

Directly pressed juices are preserved only by a physical method, which involves short-term heating.

Concentrated juices

On the line for the production of concentrated juices, a certain amount of water is removed from the freshly squeezed drink.

That is, freshly squeezed juice undergoes a process of evaporation or freezing of water.

During the evaporation process, the juice is heated in a vacuum, however, it is not boiled, as it may lose all its beneficial properties. The end result is a viscous mass.

The freezing process is identical to evaporation, the only difference is the temperature.

Sugar is usually not added to concentrated juices. Such juices can be stored from 6 months to 1 year if all the rules for their maintenance are followed.

Reconstituted juices

The following processes occur on the reconstituted juice production line. The concentrated juice is quickly heated to 100-110 degrees, and then cooled to room temperature. After this, water is added to it in the amount that was evaporated. If you follow all the subtleties, you can ultimately get 100% juice.

Containers and packaging of finished products

Paper container for juice

In the modern world, most juices are sold in packaging called Tetra Pak because it is considered more practical than glass and helps prevent the decomposition of certain beneficial properties that the product may lose when exposed to sunlight. In addition, glass is heavier, which is of particular importance during transportation (transportation services will cost you more).

Also, if you decide to deal with Tetra Pak packaging, then your juice production line must be suitable for working with it. The finished product is packaged in boxes with several bags each and covered with plastic film. Thus, another issue to worry about is the cardboard for the containers.

Staff

As for the personnel who will service the production, at the initial stage you will need no more than 30 people (including office workers). Pay great attention to the choice of technologist, as he will set up and test the juice production line.

Start of production process and implementation

What is needed to start your own production:

Juice containers can be paper or plastic

• At least one production line.
• One barrel of concentrated juice.
• Package.
• Boxes for packaging.

On average, one line produces about 2 tons of finished products per hour.

At first, it is best to supply juices to kiosks, small shops and supermarkets, and shopping pavilions. You should also not forget about promoting your products, for example, by organizing promotions, various bonuses, gifts for sellers and distributors so that they are more willing to cooperate with you.

Video: Juice production

In this article:

In terms of total apple harvest, Russia ranks 5th in the world, so juice production is an economically profitable business (in other words, due to the available raw materials).

The demand for the product is obvious, as more and more people prefer a fortified and natural drink. Using the example of apple juice production, we will consider in more detail the features of the functioning of a mini-factory.

List of organizational aspects for creating a mini-factory

When organizing a business for the production of natural juice, it is recommended to choose the legal form - LLC. Such a business format will facilitate easy division of responsibilities of the founders, and attracting investors will not be any particular problem. Regarding the choice of taxation form, at the initial stage of business activity it is preferable to choose a simplified system (15%). Further, in the case of effective and profitable development, it would be more advisable to switch to OSNO.

In the process of organizing an enterprise, you should be guided by the following OKVED activity code: 15.32 “Production of vegetable and fruit natural juices.”

If positive results are obtained, a sanitary-epidemiological certificate is issued.

Stages of production of natural apple juice

The technological flow diagram for the production of apple juice is presented in the following figure.

Juice production begins with the collection of berries; in our country this occurs from August until late autumn, exclusively by hand. It is noteworthy that apples for juice are collected not only from trees, but also from the ground. So-called carrion suitable for production. At the same time, it is prohibited to use rotten, damaged and unripe fruits. The latter variety of apples is characterized by a low concentration of sugars; they will produce little juice and it will be very sour.

Ripe fruits are poured into wooden boxes and, using a loader, placed into trucks, which will deliver the ripe fruit to the plant.

Picked apples no longer receive moisture, but only lose it. That is why the juice in them becomes insignificant, but still less (every minute should count). Upon arrival at the plant, the raw materials are loaded into special bins (capacity up to 200 tons of apples), which are made of stainless steel.

Therefore, fruits kept in them for 24 hours will not oxidize. Next, powerful streams of water push the apples through chutes directly into the production workshop for primary cleaning.

The jets carry away leaves, branches and other debris.

Through such water trenches, fruits are delivered to the wash, because the fruits need to be washed from dust and various contaminants, including chemical ones. After all, apples are often sprayed with a variety of means of protection against harmful insects.

When the beautiful and juicy fruits are selected, they are sent to the crusher, where many hammers crush the fruit. The crushed apples are fed into a press, in which a rotating drum compresses the mixture entering it almost to dryness.

Thus, an opaque squeezed juice is obtained. The peels and seeds are unloaded and sent to feed livestock.

Then the resulting juice is sent into pipes to ultrafiltration.

The unit is filled with many thin membrane tubes, the structure of which can be compared to fine-pored foam rubber. The juice is forced through a membrane under pressure, so even the smallest particles of pulp get stuck in the membrane, and the purified juice passes on. The resulting clear juice is sent to vacuum evaporation unit.

This specialized equipment is equipped with a supply of juice and steam, where the liquid is heated, but not brought to a boil.

In a vacuum, the liquid from the juice evaporates along with the flavor-forming substances.

The juice, which has been deprived of water, begins to thicken. The resulting vapor begins to condense - the water is discharged to the bottom of the tank, and the “aromatic vapor” is directed upward to the condenser, where it turns into liquid.

The result is a composition that resembles the consistency of thick honey. This is concentrated apple juice. The finished flavor-forming substances are a clear liquid that has a pronounced fruity odor. Next, the concentrated apple juice is poured into barrels.

In this form it can be stored for a long time, because the less water there is in the product, the more difficult it is for bacteria to multiply in it. Such juice is safely sent to other countries.

The preliminary stage of bottling juice into bags is diluting it with once evaporated water. The concentrate is mixed because it may be subject to separation.

Also, its sample is subjected to laboratory analysis to ensure that the content of substances complies with established standards.

A high percentage of dry soluble substances indicates the need to add an increased amount of liquid. Clarified juice should not contain pulp particles, so it is diluted with a small amount of liquid and the resulting structure is examined.

Next, the safety of the juice is examined by placing small portions of the juice in a heating cabinet with a temperature of 36 C. - optimal for the development of various microorganisms. If the juice contains bacteria, yeast or mold, then they will begin to multiply in the nutrient medium and can be seen with the naked eye. After obtaining satisfactory results in the laboratory, the juice can be reconstituted, that is, water (flavor-forming substances) can be added to it.

Here it is extremely important to maintain the proportions and add the same amount of water as was removed. The proportions are as follows: 6 liters of flavor is enough for 100 liters of juice. All that remains is to pour the finished juice into bags and attach the lids to them.

Experts determine the quality of juice according to the following parameters: color, taste, aroma. The finished product should be transparent and not sour, have a brown tint and an apple aroma. If the sample meets the specified requirements, the batch is sent for sale.

Business plan for setting up a technological line for the production of apple juice

1. We are setting up a production workshop - choosing a room

In a rented or purchased building, the total area of ​​the proposed production workshop should not be less than 150 square meters. A production line is installed in a spacious room, and space is allocated for storing the initial raw material base.

It is also necessary to arrange a warehouse for finished products.

The availability of living quarters for the company’s employees should be taken care of in advance, as well as the office. In case of limited financial capabilities, it can be located directly on the territory of the enterprise.

Compliance with legally established standards is monitored at the legislative level by the relevant services. This is especially true for fire safety. In this regard, it is advisable to choose premises for a production workshop outside the city. The savings in rent and utility bills in rural areas are obvious.

2. We purchase equipment for juice production

The average cost of a production line is 2,500,000 rubles.

Costs can be significantly reduced by purchasing used equipment.

The technological line for the production of juice in liter packaging consists of:

• water treatment systems with special filters for water purification;
• washing equipment;
• tanks for mixing juice and various additives;
• homogenizer, heat exchanger and pasteurizer;
• machine for creating bags and bottling juice.

Often the production line is electronically controlled, which in turn allows saving on wages for factory workers.

3. We select personnel and purchase raw materials

The raw materials for the manufacture of the finished product in a volume of 35,000 liters are the following components:

• sugar - 8,000 rubles;
• fruits – 626,000 rubles;
• various additives (provided for by GOST) – 4,000 rubles;
• packaging materials – 25,000 rubles;
• cardboard boxes – 7,000 rubles.

Total: 670,000 rubles.

One juice production line has the ability to process about 4 tons of finished products (1,600 liters) per work shift. Thus, monthly production can be about 35,000 liter packages.

At the initial stage, 10 people will be quite enough to service one production line, not counting 5 management personnel. An indispensable condition is the inclusion in the staffing table of a technologist who will monitor the serviceability of the production line, as well as compliance with a number of GOST requirements, sanitary and technical rules.

The monthly payroll for employees will be 238,175 rubles:

• Basic payroll - 164,000 rubles;
• Additional payroll - 11,000 rubles;
• Payroll taxes (36.1%) – 63,175 rubles;

Basic monthly costs:

1. Raw materials and additional materials – 670,000 rubles;
2. Utility costs – 10,000 rubles;
3. Salary of 15 employees – 238,175 rubles;
4. Expenses for production needs (39% of the payroll) – 92,888 rubles;
5. Rental of the building and current repair work – 65,000 rubles;
6. Shop costs (50% of payroll) – 119,088 rubles;
7. Losses from defects (4.5% of shop costs) – 5,359 rubles;
8. Non-production expenses (5% of shop costs) -5,954 rubles;
9. Depreciation of the production line – 8,000 rubles.

Total direct costs (p/p 1-5) – 1,076,063 rubles.

Total additional expenses (p/p 6-9) – 133,042 rubles.

We will calculate the main economic indicators and determine the effectiveness of the project

Planned cost (direct + indirect costs) = 1,076,063 rubles. + 133,042 rub. = 1,209,105 rubles.

Total cost of the finished product = planned cost + planned profit (20% of cost) + income tax (15% of profit) = 1,209,105 rubles. + 241,821 rub. + 36,273 rub. = 1,487,199 rubles.

Processing cost (planned cost minus costs for raw materials) = RUB 1,487,199. — 670,000 rub. = 817,199 rubles. Product cost = 817,199 rubles / 35,000 bottles = 23 rubles.

Let's determine the average market price of 1 package of juice. Let us assume absolute (100%) sales of manufactured products and the corresponding profit margin. Thus, the price, taking into account the cost, will be equal to: C roses. = 23 rubles x 2 = 46 rubles.

Calculation of profitability, profitability and production efficiency indicators in general

Income from the sale of the finished product = Retail price x Volume of production = 46 rubles. x 35,000 pack. = 1,610,000 rubles. Profit from the sale of monthly volume of juice packages = Income – Planned cost = 1,610,000 rubles. – 1,209,105 rub. = 400,895 rubles.

Monthly net profit (minus 15% income tax) = 340,760 rubles.

Product profitability = Profit from sales / Cost = 400,895 / 1,209,105 = 33%.

Profitability of production = Profit from sales / Cost of processing = 400,895 / 817,199 = 49%.

Thus, based on the above calculations, we can confidently say that the production of apple juice is an economically viable and profitable type of business activity.

On a note!

It is also possible not to produce concentrated juice, but to purchase it. Our country has established supplies from China, Brazil, Iran, Turkey and other countries. It would be preferable for a mini-factory to cooperate with intermediaries rather than work directly with a large manufacturer.

In this case, there is no need to purchase a number of expensive installations; you can limit yourself to only tanks for mixing additives, devices for removing bags and packaging the finished product.

Possible ways to market apple juice

It is more expedient to supply the first batch of apple juices to grocery stores, kiosks, retail outlets and small supermarkets. A deliberate reduction in the cost of a product over a short period of time will interest consumers and allow them to appreciate the taste of the new product.

Running promotions or special offers will have a similar effect.

It is extremely undesirable for young companies to devote all their efforts to entering large federal networks, since there is every chance that they will not be able to withstand the competition of experienced market participants. The corresponding costs can become an unaffordable budget item. Therefore, it is necessary to enter the market gradually, taking the following active steps to strengthen your authority every month:

• advertising in the media, Internet and television;
• carrying out an independent examination with mandatory publication of its results; - packaging the product in a high-quality and bright tetrapack;
• active use of outdoor advertising, etc.

Focusing your efforts on a specific region will allow you to quickly get used to it and gain market position.

Then you can gradually expand the range of products, specializing in the production of tomato and orange juices, multivitamins, etc. Recently, more and more consumers prefer glass containers because they want to visually perceive the product they are purchasing. There is also the opportunity to launch the production of premium juices (so-called branded juices), when exclusively selected raw materials are used in the production process.

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How to organize a mini-factory for the production of juices

The food industry is considered one of the most promising areas in business. The production of juices does not fall into the category of essential goods, but the demand for them remains extensive. Commercial activities for their production and operation can be a very profitable undertaking; it is only important to foresee in advance all the subtleties and main points of the production process.

Brief business analysis:
Costs of setting up a business: 2.2-2.6 million rubles
Relevant for cities with the population: no limits
Industry situation:high competition
Difficulty of organizing a business: 3/5
Payback: 1-1.2 years

Business relevance

In the 90s, the Russian markets were mostly represented by imported juice products; only 10% of goods in this category were made from raw materials grown in the country. Until now, Russian producers remain very dependent on raw materials; many popular vegetables and fruits either do not grow in the country at all or are grown in insufficient quantities.

In this case, concentrates, products that are imported from other countries, come to the rescue. The ban on the import of raw materials from EU countries adopted by the Russian government in 2014 aggravated the situation, but at the same time it gave impetus to an increase in the volume of vegetables and fruits grown within the country. The most favorable for this is the Southern region.

At the moment, more than 2,000 types of juice products from domestic producers are available to the end consumer. This growth is due to society’s desire for a healthy lifestyle. Natural juices and products with a high content of nutrients are at the peak of popularity today. Rosstat provided information that states that the production of fruit and vegetable juices increased by 25% compared to the previous year. This is a consequence of the import substitution program.

Manufacturers are interested in supporting small and medium-sized businesses that can handle the production process from start to finish. Their prerogative is inexpensive and high-quality raw materials, so they will in every possible way assist farms and enterprises that can assist in logistics at all stages of production: from harvesting and processing, to sublimation of finished concentrates for the manufacture of finished products available for consumption by the end consumer .

We can say that the production of juice products is a popular, low-competitive business with broad prospects and opportunities for its development.

Currently, the following types of juice products are produced in the Russian Federation:

• natural– an unfermented product, made from various types of raw materials, does not contain chemical elements except for sorbic and ascorbic acid within acceptable limits. There are clarified and unclarified ones.
• Juices with added sugar. Made from sour fruits with the addition of sugar syrup. One of the manufacturing options is blending - adding additional juice to the main juice. This is done to obtain improved taste.
• Concentrated– they are obtained from ripe, carefully selected fruits or vegetables, from which moisture is partially removed mechanically.
• Nectars– they are made by mixing fruit or fruit and berry puree with water and sugar syrup, the percentage of which can reach 50%.
• Dry juices– a complete alternative to natural ones, produced by freeze-drying. It is used in cooking as a base for jelly, compotes, and fruit drinks.

The structure of fruit juice production, depending on the taste preferences of consumers, is as follows:

• 24% – apple nectar;
• 23% – multifruit juice;
• 19% – orange;
• 14% – peach;
• 13% – fruit mixes;
• 7% – the rest.

Now there is a pronounced increase in production volumes from domestic juice producers.

How to open a juice production shop - organizing a business

In order for juice production to start making a profit, you need to think through a lot of organizational issues, the first of which is the state registration of the enterprise. Juice production is a very expensive project; even at the initial stage, you need to think about attracting capital from third-party investors. If you immediately register an organization in the form of an LLC, this will simplify many working issues in the future.

You will receive the legal right to produce juice products only after the entire range, which is planned to be launched for mass production, has been certified. This means that part of the preparatory operations will occur in parallel. Only after certification by the Rospotrebnadzor authorities can we proceed to hiring personnel and mass production of products.

But let’s take a closer look at the main organizational aspects that should be carefully worked out on the way to establishing a juice business. The information is presented in the following table.

Table: main stages of organizing a juice production enterprise

Stage name	Characteristic
Preparation	Careful study of current information, market analysis, creation of a strategy, search for hidden obstacles and ways to circumvent them.
Product range development	Development of recipes for produced juices in accordance with GOST or TU: type, taste, shelf life, additives. For a successful start, the list of juices produced must contain at least 10 items.
Search for production premises	Purchase or lease according to the financial capabilities of the company.
Equipment purchase	Search for the necessary equipment, commissioning.
Purchase of raw materials	Search for suppliers, development and signing of supply agreements.
Search and recruitment of personnel	Search for specialists needed during the production process. You will need a technologist, 2-3 operators for the production line, a sorter, a storekeeper, a loader, a sales manager, an accountant and a cleaner. As your business expands, you will need to hire more people.
Advertising campaign	Carried out to promote business.
Search and attraction of investors	Necessary for organizing a competitive business.
Business registration	Registration of an enterprise in the form of an LLC or individual entrepreneur with the tax authorities, verification by government authorities, obtaining the relevant documentation.
Mass production	Production of products for mass consumers.

Workshop room

The area of ​​the purchased or rented premises must be 150-200 sq.m., no less. A production line, a laboratory, warehouses for storing raw materials and finished products, and household rooms will be located here. In such an area, you can easily place the necessary equipment in compliance with all sanitary and fire safety standards. In order to save money, the main office can be located directly on the workshop premises.

The premises must comply with the requirements of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 “On the fire safety regime”, according to which the person in charge undertakes to promptly brief staff on fire safety techniques, place signs with numbers to call the fire department in each production room, and provide smoking areas for personnel etc.

Raw material supply channels

The most profitable and economical option is an agreement with farms engaged in growing vegetables and fruits. Most popular crops grow only in the southern regions of Russia, so it is advisable to develop activities there. If the proposed volumes are not enough, you can negotiate supplies with foreign companies. Concentrates are supplied from Iran, Brazil, Turkey, and China. You can consider offers from intermediary companies (Doehler, Cargill).

To produce nectars, which are very popular in our country, you will need:

• concentrated juice or fresh raw materials;
• additives, if they are provided for by the requirements of GOST or TU;
• sugar;
• water.

In addition to producing the juice itself, you should take care of the container in which the finished product will be produced. The most popular are two types of packaging material:

• Tetra-packs are cardboard containers into which ready-made juice is poured. This container is more convenient, cheaper than glass, and some useful substances are not destroyed in it.
• Glass containers - presented in the form of 0.5 and 1 liter bottles, and 1, 2, 3 liter jars.

The conveyor line will correspond to the selected packaging. To reduce costs, it is recommended to order wholesale supplies.

Initially, you should take care of developing the recipe. To do this, find an experienced technologist, because the future of your business depends on a well-developed juice recipe. This person, based on the strategy and available investments, will describe the assortment and production scheme, and advise the optimal equipment for this. Directly pressed juice is not the best solution for a novice businessman, since the technology for its production is expensive. It is better to start with nectars made from concentrates.

Making natural juices is a rather labor-intensive and time-consuming process. Fresh raw materials (let's take apples for example) enter the plant, where they are unloaded into special stainless steel bins with a capacity of up to 200 tons. From it, powerful water streams direct the apples for primary purification. At the sink, apples are doused with cold water to remove dust, dirt and chemicals that are used to protect fruits from pests.

Next comes sorting, here you need to carefully select spoiled fruits, because even one rotten apple can ruin the entire batch. After this, the raw material enters the crusher, where it is thoroughly crushed. The ground mixture goes under a press, where under high pressure a rotating drum squeezes it almost dry.

The resulting juice is sent to ultrafiltration, where the smallest crushed particles are retained. Next, the evaporation process occurs in the vacuum compartment, where the juice is heated, but not brought to a boil. Excess moisture leaves, the concentrated juice begins to thicken. The resulting composition is poured into large containers. It resembles thick caramel and can be stored in this form for a long time.

The process of making juice from thick concentrate is as follows:

• the initially concentrated substance is heated to 100°C;
• then it is cooled to 25-30°C;
• add water, the amount of which is indicated in the recipe;
• if necessary, add other substances in accordance with GOST or TU.

The product obtained as a result of working with the concentrate is not inferior in quality to directly pressed juice, but the costs for this method are much lower. Next, the juice is bottled and sent to the process control department, where specialists check the parameters of the resulting product.

Necessary equipment

A set of equipment for making juices costs about 4 million rubles. It includes:

• centrifugal pump;
• long-term pasteurization tank with a volume of 630 liters;
• dispenser for liquid products in containers;
• pasteurization kit;
• installation for applying self-adhesive labels to containers;
• filtration equipment.

Suppliers undertake to carry out commissioning work directly during installation at the enterprise, conduct personnel training, and provide a guarantee for 12 months from the date of purchase.

Modern equipment requires minimal human intervention; such production automation can significantly save money on hiring personnel.

Business registration

If you have not registered your business with the relevant authorities, all activities are considered illegal.

Since production is related to the manufacture of food products, visiting various authorities should not come as a shock. You will need to contact the following organizations:

• fire service to obtain the necessary documents for the production premises;
• tax authorities for registering an LLC or individual entrepreneur;
• to the organizations that register the trademark.

In addition, each employee must undergo a medical examination in order to receive a health certificate.

Package of necessary documents for product certification

To certify your juice products, you need to familiarize yourself with the following laws and regulations:

• Federal Law No. 178 – regulations on juice products;
• State standards for juices;
• Federal Law No. 29 – on requirements for the quality of manufactured products;
• Federal Law No. 52 – sanitary and hygienic requirements;
• Requirements for hygienic safety of manufactured products.

In any case, you need to contact a lawyer to clarify the information and the list of required documents, because in each specific case the list may differ.

What you need to start producing juices at home

To produce juices at home, you will not need to pay rent for premises, insurance premiums, etc. You can start making natural juices, for which you only need a high-quality juicer, raw materials and containers. However, the shelf life of such products cannot exceed 1 month.

You can mix different fruits to get new, never-before-seen flavors. When creating fortified drinks, it is important to follow simple rules:

• use only mature and high-quality products;
• thoroughly clean the fruit from the core and spoiled areas;
• During the cooking process, use enamel, glass or wooden utensils.

The finished juices need to be boiled, allowed to settle so that the remaining pulp can be removed and passed through a fine-grained filter. The product must be poured into sterilized containers almost to the very top so that the amount of air trapped inside is minimal.

Marketing and sales channels

Without carefully thought out marketing, business success hangs in the balance. While no one knows about your brand, it will take a lot of effort and investment to advertise a quality product. The following advertising campaigns can help you promote your business:

• providing sales agents with brochures and posters for placement at retail points of sale;
• official website of the enterprise;
• placement of advertising banners on social networks;
• promotions in stores and supermarkets;
• advertising on radio and television.

You can sell your products as follows:

• negotiate supplies to recreation centers, cafes and canteens;
• through grocery stores, kiosks and supermarkets;
• supply to entertainment centers, sports and shopping complexes;
• engage in retail sales in amusement parks;
• organize a juice bar at city holidays and in crowded places.

Franchise business

This model has both significant advantages and significant disadvantages. The positive points include:

• the opportunity to start production without wasting money on advertising, since the brand is already known to the consumer;
• a recognizable brand inspires more confidence;
• minimal risks, franchising projects are more successful than new ventures; according to statistics, 86% of entrepreneurs were able to promote production by initially purchasing a franchise;
• loyal lending conditions, since the franchisor is interested in your prosperity and will be able to act as your guarantor in the bank;
• Such projects quickly pay off.

However, there are also pitfalls, namely:

• total control of business on the part of the franchisor;
• the need to act according to established rules;
• penalties for non-compliance with the terms of the agreement.

Whether to open a franchise business or not is a matter that requires careful thought and fully informed decisions.

Costs and return on business

Before you start organizing the production of juice products, it is worth calculating the possible costs of purchasing equipment, purchasing or renting premises and other essential points.

In one work shift, the production line is capable of producing from 500 to 6000 liters of finished juice. Let's take an indicator equal to 1600 liters. Thus, in a month, or 22 work shifts, 35,000 liters of finished juice or 35,000 liter packs can be produced.

For calculations, take into account the cost of raw materials, which includes the cost of sugar, fruits or vegetables, additives required by GOST, packaging material and cardboard boxes.

It is worth including the payroll for the company’s employees in the calculations.

Direct monthly expenses include:

• waste on the purchase of raw materials and additional materials;
• Payment of utility services;
• employee salaries;
• production needs;
• rental of premises and ongoing repairs.

Additional costs include:

• shop costs;
• non-production expenses;
• losses from marriage;
• depreciation of production.

If you sell a liter package of juice for 75 rubles/piece. available:

35,000*75=2,625,000 rubles per month.

It is worth subtracting monthly expenses from the resulting figure, after which it will become obvious how profitable your juice production business is.

In our country, the opinion has already taken root that production in Russia is dead and nothing works here now. Only raw materials are mined. But that's not true. Production not only works, but is also expanding - new factories are being built. As an example of a recently opened production facility, this is a plant for the production and bottling of natural reconstituted juice LLC “Juice Empire Plant” in the city of Volsk, Saratov region, which I managed to visit the other day. Construction of the plant began in 2014; it opened quite recently and, naturally, has not yet reached full capacity, but juice production is already underway.

Let's take a look from the inside at how the juice production process occurs.
The juice here is obtained by diluting the corresponding concentrate. That is, they first process the raw materials, removing the water component from directly pressed juice. This results in a concentrate that allows you to save several times the volume for the convenience of storing and transporting raw materials to manufacturing plants. And then at the plant the delivered concentrate is diluted with water, and in the same volume in which the concentrate was deprived of it. This is what they do at the Volsk plant.
But this process requires more than just water. This is not diluted with tap water. It is cleaned here, and very efficiently.
Here are the water containers themselves

Everything is signed

Filters are needed for cleaning. There are several types of them here. There are carbon filters.

There are lightening filters. All filters are presented in several copies.

There is even an ultraviolet sterilizer. And all this is “under the control” of a special water purification station, which, by the way, was assembled in Saratov.

Everything is automated.

To produce juices, you also need steam, for which the plant has its own steam generator.

The company uses the most modern and innovative Tetra Pak technologies. Such technologies subject raw materials to gentle processing, preserving its natural taste and nutritional value.

Here, in fact, is a juice bottling machine

Since the entire process is automated, the production capacity at the plant is not small. The juice is bottled in 3 types of packaging: 0.2, 1.0 and 2.0 liters. Accordingly, this is the amount of juice produced per shift:
- filling line 0.2 l: 1200 liters per hour, 9600 liters per shift (8 hours);
- 1.0 l filling line: 8000 liters per hour, 64000 liters per shift (8 hours);
- 2.0 l filling line: 10,000 liters per hour, 80,000 liters per shift (8 hours);

Management plans to increase production volumes by expanding the staff and operating the plant in 2 shifts. In the meantime, thanks to the plant, 60 new jobs have appeared in the city with an average salary of 25 thousand rubles. A the volume of tax deductions to all types of budgets will be 20 million rubles per year.
Babina with blank

Video of the process filmed by Denis djhooligantk

The initiator of the project was a native of Volsk, and now a Moscow businessman Oleg Polishchuk, General Director "Consul Catering.

The territory of a former motor transport enterprise was chosen as the production site; the old office building was reconstructed into office space.

The workers have their own branded workwear.

After packaging, the finished products are stored in this warehouse.

There are enough blanks at the factory. In addition to juice, the plant will also produce nectar.

Of course, the plant also has its own compressor room.

Here is the compressor itself.

It must be turned on at 6 am!

Before dilution, all concentrate is tested in the factory laboratory.

It turns out that the acidity regulator - citric acid is added to the juice as an acidity regulator, and not as a preservative.

Depending on the variety and batch of fruit, they may have a different taste, differing in sweetness - more or less sweet. The amount of citric acid that will be added to bring the taste of the juice to standard depends on the sweetness.

The work in the laboratory is painstaking.

Of course, we couldn’t help but do a tasting. Concentrated orange and apple juices were provided for tasting.

The concentrate looks like jam, but tastes sweet. Very cloying and very sweet.

The juice itself was also tasted. The result is tasty juice, even very tasty. Yes, you can be sarcastic about the name, but that’s not the main thing in the juice. The main thing is the taste. And it is very good. By the way, most of the juice produced will go to the Russian Ministry of Defense. But the plant also intends to sell juice among ordinary residents of the Saratov region and neighboring regions. Yes, there are already agreements with large chain stores “Pyaterochka”, “Grozd”, “Family” and “Auchan”. It is on their shelves that we will be able to see the plant’s products.

Photo for memory. The flask on the left is orange concentrate, the one on the right is apple concentrate. You can judge their appearance yourself.

The concentrate is delivered to the plant in 200 liter barrels, which Denis photographs denisanikin . One such barrel produces 6 tons of juice.

The concentrate is available both foreign and Chinese...

and Russian - Kostroma, Krasnodar and Adyghe.

The company does not plan to establish its own gardens. But in parallel with the bottling of juices, another project is being carried out - growing tomatoes and cucumbers in closed ground. 9 hectares of land near Volsk were purchased for a greenhouse complex; the first greenhouses were commissioned at the end of last year.
In the meantime, the management at the plant is taking care of its workers. There is even a room for psychological relief. True, by a strange coincidence it is located next to the director’s room. Coincidence!

The plant is young, but they are already trying to remember their origins.

Thanks to the Ministry of Press and Information for the opportunity to visit the plant.
Original taken from miha_top V