Laying fire alarm lines according to SP 5. Fire protection systems

Note: SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Installations fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing systems. Design standards and rules" was replaced by SP 5.13130.2013.

SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"

Preface
1 area of use
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Water and foam installations fire fighting
6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
7. Robotic fire complex
8. Settings gas fire extinguishing
9. Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
13. Fire alarm systems
14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16. Protective grounding and zeroing. Safety requirements
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing fire automatic equipment
Appendix A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms. General provisions
1. I. Buildings
2. II. Facilities
3. III. Premises
4. IV. Equipment
Appendix B Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B Methodology for calculating AUP parameters for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
Appendix D Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E Methodology for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Appendix G. Methodology for hydraulic calculation of low-pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix Z. Methodology for calculating the opening area for releasing excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix L. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
Appendix M Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix N. Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determining the set time for detecting a fault and eliminating it
Appendix P. Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the detector measuring element
Appendix R Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
Bibliography

PREFACE

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation have been established Federal law dated December 27, 202 No. 184-FZ “On technical regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858.

Information on the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"

DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”
APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 No. 175
REGISTERED Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology
INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
Change No. 1 was introduced, approved and put into effect by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274. The effective date of change No. 1 is June 20, 2011.

1 AREA OF USE

1.1 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111 - 116 of the Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “ Technical regulations about the requirements fire safety", is normative document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations:

buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
technological installations located outside buildings;
warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
decomposing upon interaction with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

Other documents

SP 2.13130.2012 Fire protection systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects

DOC, 304.0 KB

1 area of use
2. Normative references
3. Terms and definitions
4. General provisions
5. Water and foam fire extinguishing systems
6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
7. Robotic fire complex
8. Gas fire extinguishing installations
9. Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
13. Fire alarm systems
14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of objects
15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
16. Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements
17. General provisions taken into account when choosing fire automatic equipment
Appendix A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms
Appendix B. Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
Appendix B. Methodology for calculating AUP parameters for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
Appendix D. Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
Appendix E. Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
Appendix E. Methodology for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
Appendix G. Methodology for hydraulic calculation of low-pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
Appendix 3. Methodology for calculating the opening area for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
Appendix K. Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
Appendix L. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
Appendix M. Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
Appendix H. Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
Appendix O. Determination of the established time for detecting a malfunction and eliminating it
Appendix P. Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the detector measuring element
Appendix P. Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
Bibliography

MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER ELIMINATION

ORDER

01.06.2011 № 000

Moscow

On approval of amendment No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules”, approved by order of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations

In accordance with the Federal Law of 01/01/01 “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 30 (Part 1), Article 3579), Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 01/01/01 No. 000 “Issues of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, emergency situations and liquidation of consequences natural Disasters"(Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2004, No. 28, Art. 2882; 2005, No. 43, Art. 4376; 2008, No. 17, Art. 1814, No. 43, Art. 4921, No. 47, Art. 5431; 2009, No. 22, Article 2697, No. 51, Article 6285; 2010, No. 19, Article 2301, No. 20, Article 2435, No. 51 (part 3), Article 6903; 2011, No. 1, Article 193 , Art. 194, No. 2, Art. 267), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 01.01.01 No. 000 “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2008, No. 48, Art. 5608) and in order to ensure compliance of certain provisions (requirements, indicators) of the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 with the interests of the national economy, the state of the material and technical base and scientific progress, I order:

Approve and put into effect from June 20, 2011 the attached amendment No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design standards and rules”, approved by order of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.


Director of the Administrative Department

Application

to the order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia

from 01.06.11 No. 000

Change #1

to SP 5.13130.2009

OKS 13.220.01

CHANGE No. 1 to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules"

Regardless of area and number of floors

4.2 For Maintenance and repair

Object of protection

Standard indicator

5 Buildings with a height of more than 30 m (except for residential buildings and industrial buildings categories G and D according to fire danger)

Regardless of area

6 Residential buildings:

6.1 Dormitories, specialized residential buildings for the elderly and disabled1)

Regardless of area

6.2 Residential buildings with a height of more than 28 m 2)

Regardless of area

footnote “2)” should be worded as follows:

“2) AUPS fire detectors are installed in the hallways of apartments and are used to open valves and turn on fans of air supply and smoke removal units. Residential premises of apartments in residential buildings with a height of three floors or more should be equipped with autonomous optical-electronic smoke detectors.”; in table A.Z:

paragraph 6 should be included in the section “ Industrial premises", excluding it from the section "Warehouse premises";

paragraph 35 should be stated as follows:

Object of protection
Standard indicator
35 Accommodation premises:
35.1 Electronic computers (computers), automated process control equipment, operating in control systems for complex technological processes, the violation of which affects the safety of people5)	Regardless of area
35.2 Communication processors (server), archives of magnetic media, plotters, printing information on paper (printer)5)	24 m2 or more	Less than 24 m2
35.3 To place personal computers on user desktops		Regardless of area

add footnote “5)” with the following content:

“5) In the cases provided for in paragraph 8.15.1 of this set of rules, for premises requiring automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, it is allowed not to use such installations, provided that all electronic and electrical equipment is protected by autonomous fire extinguishing installations, and an automatic fire extinguishing system is installed in the premises signaling."; in table A.4:

add paragraph 8 with the following content:

add footnote “1)” with the following content:

“The listed equipment is subject to protection by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.”;

add the following note:

“Note: Electrical installations located on stationary above-ground and underground metro facilities should be protected by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.”;

Appendix D should be supplemented with paragraphs D11-D15 with the following content, respectively:

	GOST, TU, OST

D. 12 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon CF3CF2C(0)CF(CF3)2.

The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T = 20 °C is 13.6 kg/m3.

UDC 614.841.3:006.354 OKS 13.220.01

Key words: fire spread, protection objects, public buildings, industrial and warehouse buildings, high-rise buildings

Head of the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of the Research Center for PP and PChSP FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of Development
Performers Leading researcher at the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration, % (vol.)

D. 13 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon 217J1 (C3F7J).

The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T-20 °C is 12.3 kg/m3.

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration, % (vol.)

D. 14 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of freon CF3J. The vapor density at P = 101.3 kPa and T = 20 °C is 8.16 kg/m3.

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration, % (vol.)

D. 15 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of the Argonite gas composition (nitrogen (N2) - 50% (vol.); argon (Ar) - 50% (vol.).

The vapor density at P - 101.3 kPa and T - 20 °C is 1.4 kg/m3.

Name of combustible material	GOST, TU, OST	Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration, % (vol.)

Note - The standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of the above listed gas extinguishing agents for extinguishing a class A2 fire should be taken equal to the standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration for extinguishing n-heptane.”;

OKS 13.220.10 UDC614.844.4:006.354

Keywords: standalone installation fire extinguishing, automatic fire alarm, fire extinguishing agent, protected object

Head of the development organization FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia Boss FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of Development Head of Research Center PST FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Performers
Head of Department 2.4 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Head of Department 3.4 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Deputy Head of Department 2.3 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

This year, the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia actively introduced changes to SP 5.13130.2009, dividing it into several separate sets of rules. On this occasion, we decided to put together for you a special selection of all SP 5.13130 projects with changes in 2018. Be careful, they don't work yet!

JV “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules"

According to the draft version, changes to SP 5.13130 occurred in terms of automatic fire extinguishing installations.

The new edition of the draft set of rules is aimed at a more detailed presentation of fire safety requirements, elimination of discrepancies and inclusion of fire safety requirements from SNiPs and requirements excluded from the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements”.

Development new edition The draft set of rules will allow a more precise interpretation of the fire safety requirements for protected objects, set out in Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111-116 of the Federal Law “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” .

This project amends SP 5.13130.2009 in terms of fire alarm systems and control equipment for fire extinguishing installations.

In connection with the entry into force of 01.01.2020 TR EAEU 023/2017 Technical Regulations of the Eurasian economic union“On the requirements for fire safety and fire extinguishing means,” the draft set of rules takes into account future requirements for technical means (devices, detectors, etc.). In this regard, it is advisable to introduce the developed set of rules no earlier than 01/01/2020.

JV “Fire protection systems. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems. Design norms and rules"

The draft set of rules was developed to replace Appendix A of SP 5.13130.2009.

As part of the work on the draft set of rules, some provisions of Appendix A of SP 5.13130.2009 were clarified and finalized, and a number of new objects of protection were added - both buildings and premises. At the same time, the protection of some objects by fire automatic systems was considered inappropriate.

Zaitsev Alexander Vadimovich, scientific editor of the journal “Security Algorithm”

On August 10, 2015, a message appeared on the website of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia: “By the decision of the Expert Commission to conduct an examination of the codes of rules of the EMERCOM of Russia in connection with the need to update and refine the numerous proposals and comments, as well as in connection with the emergence of new technologies and fire protection means, draft SP 5.13130 has been returned to the stage of the first edition and is undergoing the public discussion procedure again.” And this is after in 2013, upon completion of the research work “SP 5”, an attempt was already made to present to the public an updated version of SP 5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules." True, then the matter did not reach the public; it was cut down in the bud and hidden from the eyes of this public. Now they offer us almost the same thing, only under a new name - “Fire Protection Systems. Fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules."

And here I could not restrain myself and decided to express my attitude towards such rule-making in a detailed form. I would like to point out right away this material not about document errors, although there are quite a lot of them, even if we consider only the fire alarm section. We will not receive the document so necessary for daily work, until we decide on its tasks and structure.

WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM FIRE ALARMS?

I’ll start with the federal law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical regulations on fire safety requirements.” He - a starting point. And it is completely natural, first of all, to decide what the law requires in terms of automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS) and fire alarm systems (AFS). Fire protection systems must have:

■ reliability and resistance to the effects of dangerous fire factors for the time necessary to achieve fire safety goals (clause 3, article 51).

AUPS must provide:

■ automatic fire detection within the time required to turn on fire warning systems (clause 1, article 54);

■ automatic fire detection, supply of control signals to technical means warning people about a fire and managing the evacuation of people, control devices for fire extinguishing installations, technical controls for the smoke protection system, engineering and technological equipment(Clause 4, Article 83);

■ automatic informing of duty personnel about the occurrence of a malfunction in communication lines between individual technical means included in the installations (clause 5, article 83);

■ supplying light and sound signals about the occurrence of a fire to the reception and control device in the premises of the duty personnel or to special remote warning devices, and in buildings of functional fire hazard classes F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, F4.2 - with duplication of these signals to the fire department control panel without the participation of facility employees and/or the organization broadcasting this signal.

Fire detectors must:

■ be located in the protected room in such a way as to ensure timely detection of a fire anywhere in this room (clause 8, article 83).

AUPS technical means must:

■ ensure electrical and information compatibility with each other, as well as with other technical means interacting with them (clause 1 of Article 103);

■ be resistant to electromagnetic interference with the utmost acceptable values the level characteristic of the protected object (clause 5 of Article 103);

■ ensure electrical safety. Cable lines and electrical wiring of fire detection, warning and fire evacuation control systems, emergency lighting on escape routes, emergency ventilation and smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing, internal fire water supply, elevators for transporting fire departments in buildings and structures must:

■ maintain operability in fire conditions for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 82).

Communication lines between technical means of AUPS must:

■ maintain operability in fire conditions for the time necessary to perform their functions and evacuate people to a safe area (clause 2, article 103).

AUPS fire equipment control devices must provide:

■ the principle of control in accordance with the type of equipment being controlled and the requirements of a specific facility (Clause 3, Article 103, oddly enough, this requirement is in the requirements for AUPS).

The automatic drive of actuators and devices of supply and exhaust smoke ventilation systems of buildings and structures must:

■ carried out when automatic fire extinguishing installations and/or fire alarms are triggered (clause 7, article 85, this once again confirms that fire control devices actuators belong to AUPS).

Those. All components of the AUPS are subject to specific requirements for their intended purpose. These requirements are of an exclusively general nature without disclosing the mechanisms for their implementation. It would seem that nothing could be simpler - to take these requirements and consistently, step by step, reveal and specify them.

These are the main tasks facing developers of fire alarm requirements. In order, what is achieved by what:

■ reliability of fire detection;

■ timeliness of fire detection;

■ resistance of AUPS and SPS to external influences environment;

■ monitoring the current state of the automatic fire alarm system and emergency response system by the duty personnel;

■ interaction of AUPS and SPS with other fire protection subsystems;

■ safety of people from injury electric shock.

Instead, in the new draft set of rules SP 5.13130 we again see a set of disparate rules: how and in what quantity to place fire detectors (IP), lay fire alarm loops and connect them to control and control devices. And all this without any indication of the tasks being solved. This is very similar to a rather complex recipe for making Christmas pudding.

What will it be like for the inspector? Having found a non-compliance with the set of rules SP 5.13130 at the facility, it is necessary to link it to the requirements of Federal Law No. 123 in order to substantiate your claims in the courts. In this edition, as in the previous one, it will be very difficult to find such a link.

The GOST standards of the Soviet period described how to make the same bicycle. Several wheel sizes were standardized, and, consequently, their spokes, the size of the steering wheel and seat, the diameter of the frame pipes, etc. IN modern Russia A completely new approach was adopted to national standards. Now national standards specify the requirements for the final product, and not how to make it. And then, for the most part, in terms of ensuring human safety in various fields. There is compliance with the requirements - good, no - it is not subject to commissioning or further use. This is how all other types of regulatory documents should be.

RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

The very concept of “rules” is deeply rooted in the philosophy of life of an individual or a community of individuals. Any rules are followed by people on a voluntary basis, based on understanding and perception of the correctness of their actions. This is such a tautology.

There are rules of behavior in society, rules of etiquette, rules of behavior on the water, rules traffic and so on. There are also unwritten rules. IN different countries all of them may differ fundamentally in their essence and content. There are simply no universal rules.

The rules are aimed either at creating a comfortable living environment, incl. ensuring the necessary security in all areas of human activity, or for other specific tasks related to the implementation or implementation of certain processes.

But rules cannot be without exceptions, and how much it is permissible to deviate from the rules is determined by the requirements for the final result of the activity. Sometimes these requirements are more important than the rules themselves.

But before forming certain rules, it is necessary to develop evaluation criteria and/or a procedure for developing these rules. A top level of rules must be formed to create a lower level of rules. Neglecting the upper level or its absence will not allow creating a lower level of rules that can actually be implemented in life. And this turned out to be the main problem of the work of the team of authors of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation on the set of rules SP 5.13130.

In our case, the highest level of rules should be Federal Law No. 123. After all, it formulates the main tasks. The second level should be a document describing the requirements for the final product, for example, in our case, a fire alarm. But as a guide through the labyrinths between the tasks at hand and the specific requirements for the final result, there should be rules describing how to achieve this. These rules will act as recommendations that can be followed or not, if there is justification for this. And since the requirements for the result are laid down in the first two upper levels, then there is no contradiction in this.

CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADITIONS

The structure and principle of construction of the set of rules SP 5.13130 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design Norms and Rules” looks modern only on the first page, but the essence of this document has not changed over the past 30 years. The roots of this document lie in the “Instructions for the design of fire extinguishing installations” CH75-76. If we take its successor SNiP 2.04.09-84 “Fire automatics of buildings and structures”, then it and its further followers NPB 88-2001 and the draft new edition of SP 5.13130 are absolutely similar.

Would you like an example, please? SNiP 2.04.09-84 has the following requirement:

“4.23. In justified cases, it is allowed to install reception and control devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty while ensuring the transmission of fire and malfunction notifications to the fire station or other premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty and ensuring control of communication channels.”

We had the same thing in the interim regulatory document NPB 88-2001 “Fire extinguishing and alarm installations. Design norms and rules."

In the draft SP 5.13130 submitted for re-discussion, we again find:

“14.14.7. In justified cases, it is allowed to install these devices in premises without personnel on round-the-clock duty, while ensuring separate transmission of notifications about fire, malfunction, condition of technical equipment to the premises with personnel on round-the-clock duty, and ensuring control of notification transmission channels.”

And immediately there is a contradiction. Article 46 of Federal Law No. 123 provides a list of fire automatic equipment. And it has a component - a notification transmission system. The components of these systems transmit the mentioned signals from the receiving and control device, and display them on their indicators, and, most importantly, monitor the notification transmission channel. And the requirements for them are in GOST R 53325-2012. There is no need to invent anything. But the authors of the code of laws do not read... And such examples with the wording “cart and small cart” outdated for 30 years.

It has reached the point that the very name of SP 5.13130 in its discussed edition will contradict the law that gave birth to it. The law specifies the term “automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS).” And in the set of rules - “fire alarm systems (FAS)”, which, according to the same law, are defined only as a combination of several such installations. All the requirements in the law, as I showed a little earlier, are prescribed for AUPS, and not for ATP. What’s easier is to indicate in the introduction that the requirements for fire alarm systems and their components automatic installations fire alarms are identical, and the issue would be closed. Here it is, the legal purity of our fire safety standards. And most importantly, the tasks at hand in Federal Law No. 123 were generally “remained behind the scenes.” And I will try to show this with several examples.

It’s unlikely that anyone remembers where the requirements for organizing fire alarm control zones came from in our standards (now it’s clause 13.2.1 in SP5.13130.2009).

Also in the “Manual to the rules of production and acceptance of work. Security, fire and security and fire alarm system» of 1983 it was provided that:

“For administrative buildings (premises), it is allowed to block up to ten fire alarms with one fire alarm loop, and if there is a remote alarm from each room - up to 20 rooms with a common corridor or adjacent ones.”

At that time, we were talking only about the use of thermal IP; there were no others yet. And about maximum savings, both the fire alarm technical equipment itself and cable products. At one time, this made it possible to equip a fairly large administrative facility with just one single-loop receiving and control device of the UOTS-1-1 type.

Subsequently, in SNiP 2.04.09-84 the situation changes somewhat:

“Automatic fire detectors of one fire alarm loop can be used to control up to ten in public, residential and auxiliary buildings, and with remote light alarms from automatic fire detectors and installed above the entrance to the controlled premises - up to twenty adjacent or isolated premises located on one floor and having exits to common corridor(room)".

By this time, smoke fire detectors had already appeared, and therefore the scope of application of this standard in terms of the purpose of premises expanded.

And in NPB 88-2001 the concept of “control zone” appears:

“12.13. It is allowed to equip a control zone with one fire alarm loop with fire detectors that do not have an address, including:

Premises located on no more than 2 interconnected floors, with a total area of 300 m2 or less;

Up to ten isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc.;

Up to twenty isolated and adjacent rooms with a total area of no more than 1600 m2, located on one floor of the building, while the isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., with a remote light alarm indicating the activation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled premises."

It is unlikely that these area sizes have made any changes in the practice of applying this norm. But big job done, there is something to be proud of.

Approximately the same requirement for the control capabilities of one fire alarm loop with fire alarm broadcasters that do not have an address is also provided for in the draft SP 5.13130. Why this happened, how this is determined, no one can say. There is such a norm, born 35 years ago, which has undergone several changes along the way, but no longer has any basis. The authors of fire regulations have plenty of other concerns. It's like rolling a snowball, in which the original task is completely forgotten. If we are trying to solve the issues of survivability of fire alarm systems in this way, then why are we talking only about threshold loops with non-addressable detectors. During this time, addressable and addressable-analog systems have taken their rightful place, but for some reason restrictions on the same survivability are not imposed on them. And all because zoning of AUPS is not yet perceived as one of the components of the fight for their survivability, as was done from the very beginning in the foreign rationing system, from which the mentioned figures were taken. This once again shows that the authors of the document are not trying to solve the problems at hand. It's time to bake Easter cakes, and not make adjustments to the existing recipe for making Christmas pudding.

And what is the cost of another attempt to introduce stupidity into SP 5.13130, which can baffle any competent specialist:

"14.1.1. It is recommended to select the type of automatic fire detectors in accordance with their sensitivity to test fires in accordance with GOST R 53325.”

Test lesions for all types of IP, with the exception of special additional test lesions for aspiration, are the same. And the task of any individual entrepreneur is to pass these tests. And no one anywhere will find specific numerical indicators of this sensitivity to test fires, so that one specific detector can be compared with another and make a choice. Apparently, this was done only to avoid making major changes to the source text from NPB 88-2001:

"12.1. It is recommended that the type of point smoke detector be selected according to its ability to detect Various types fumes, which can be determined according to GOST R 50898."

But even in the edition of NPB 88-2001 this was already unprofessional. A smoke detector must detect all types of smoke, otherwise it cannot be called a smoke detector. The problem of reliable and timely fire detection needs to be solved from a completely different perspective, and not try to replace one stupidity with another. It would be good, first of all, to determine such characteristics of the system as timeliness and reliability of fire detection, how they are determined, achieved and how to standardize them. And only after that give some recommendations.

In my opinion, without a clear understanding of the meaning of these characteristics, one cannot talk about any effectiveness of the fire alarm itself, and this requires serious study and discussion.

And here, in the draft of the new edition of SP 5.13130, a new twist appears - attempts were discovered to give some preferences to gas fire alarms, which have been finally decided on for about ten years abroad, and not in their favor.

All the above examples are the results of haphazard work. The lack of requirements for the main characteristics of the AUPS is replaced by a chaotic set of private design rules.

The set of rules SP 5.13130 is a lower-level regulatory document. And sooner or later it will be necessary to develop a national standard instead. But with SP 5.13130 in its current edition there is no need to even talk about this.

SOME EXCURSION INTO INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

IN European standard EN 54-14 “Requirements for planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance” states right in the introduction:

"1. Application area

This standard sets out the mandatory requirements for the use of automatic systems fire alarm, i.e. detection and/or notification in the event of a fire. The standard addresses issues of planning and design of fire alarm systems, their installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance procedures.”

Note the term "requirements" used. And these requirements apply specifically to the final product - the fire alarm.

There is no need to separate design, installation, operation and maintenance according to different regulations. Let us note that in our country no documents have yet been created either on installation, or on operation and maintenance of fire alarms. Fire alarm requirements at all stages life cycle must remain unchanged. And now it is simply impossible to make claims for non-compliance of the fire alarm system in use with existing requirements on the basis of existing regulatory documents. One thing was designed, it was installed differently, and after several years of operation and maintenance a third one appeared. And this question in EN 54-14 was closed forever.

And now, for example, one more of general provisions from EN 54-14:

"6.4.1. Fire detectors: General provisions

When choosing the type of detector, the following factors should be considered:

Type of materials on the protected object and their flammability;

Dimensions and location of rooms (especially ceiling height);

Availability of ventilation and heating;

Indoor environmental conditions;

Probability of false positives;

Regulatory acts. The selected type of fire detectors must, taking into account the environmental conditions in the places where they are planned to be installed, ensure the earliest possible guaranteed detection of a fire and transmission of a fire alarm signal. There are no types of detectors that are suitable for use in all conditions. Ultimately, this choice depends on specific conditions.”

And only after this are specific instructions given on the use of each type of IP, which to some extent are also available in our SP 5.13130.

However, there is also fundamental differences. One of the factors influencing the choice of IP, as can be seen from the list above, is the probability of false positives. And this concept found a place in EN 54-14:

"4.5. False alarm

False alarms and the resulting disruption to the normal functioning of the system constitute serious problem and may result in a genuine fire alarm being ignored. Therefore, those responsible for planning, installing and operating the system must take the utmost care to avoid false alarms.”

Thus, in many national standards, which are sometimes more stringent than pan-European standards, the probability of false positives has been standardized for more than ten years. This is the approach of real experts in their field.

And in our country at this time, the authors of the standards prefer not to give direct answers to questions from many years of everyday practice. Or maybe they are deliberately doing it so that they can constantly communicate with people through letters of explanation and letters of “happiness”.

Just look at the following requirement in the SP 5.13130 project:

"18.5. The required probability of failure-free operation of technical equipment, adopted in accordance with the methodology for calculating risks depending on the fire danger of the facility, is ensured by the reliability parameters of the technical equipment of a particular system when conducting functional checks during operation, with a calculated frequency in accordance with the Comments to ".

That is, before developing working documentation for a fire alarm and determine the required probability of failure-free operation, you need to conduct a functional test during operation of this particular fire alarm at this particular facility with a certain frequency. Do you think someone will be guided by this when designing? And then why write such a rule?

PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARMS

In order for there to be a cause-and-effect relationship between the requirements for fire alarms between the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” and the new regulatory document, it is proposed to present it in the following form.

List the tasks to be solved in the same order as I did at the very beginning of this article: reliability of fire detection, timeliness of fire detection, resistance of AUPS and SPS to external environmental influences, monitoring the current state of AUPS and SPS by duty personnel, interaction between AUPS and ATP with other fire protection subsystems, the safety of people from electric shock, and after that, disclose each component.

It might look something like this: 1. The reliability of fire detection is ensured by:

■ choosing the IP type;

■ formation of fire alarm control zones;

■ algorithm for making decisions about a fire;

■ protection from false positives.

1.1. Selecting IP type:

1.1.1. EITI allows...

1.1.2. IPT allows...

1.1.3. IPDL allows...

1.1.4. IPDA allows.

1.2. Formation of fire alarm control zones:

Why are they formed, what restrictions are imposed on them?

1.3. Algorithms for making decisions about a fire that increase reliability:

1.3.1. . "Fire 1". "Fire 2".

1.3.2. ... "Attention" ... "Fire." 1.4. Protection against false positives:

1.4.1. The use of combined IP...

1.4.2. Using multi-criteria IP... (just first you need to understand what it is).

1.4.3. Using IP with protection against particles that are not combustion products...

1.4.4. The degree of rigidity of fire automatic equipment to electromagnetic influences.

2. Timely detection of fire is ensured by:

2.1. Thermal IP should be placed in such and such a way.

2.2. Place smoke point IP...

2.3. Manual call points should be located.

3. The stability of AUPS and SPS to external influences is achieved:

■ choosing the appropriate topology for constructing an installation or fire alarm system;

■ resistance to external mechanical influences;

■ resistance to electromagnetic interference;

■ stability of communication lines in fire conditions;

■ redundancy of power supplies and power lines.

3.1. Selection of structure topology.

3.2. Resistance to external mechanical influences:

3.2.1. Devices should be placed...

3.2.2. Communication lines should be laid.

3.3. Stability of communication lines in fire conditions.

3.4. Immunity to electromagnetic interference.

3.5. Power requirements.

4. Visualization of the current state of AUPS and SPS is provided by:

4.1. Personnel on duty must have continuous visual and audio monitoring.

4.2. Personnel on duty must have access to the necessary information...

4.3. Personnel on duty must have access to controls for prompt intervention.

5. Interaction of AUPS with other fire protection subsystems:

5.1. Management of AUPT and SOUE type 5 must be carried out.

5.2. SOUE Management 1-4 types should be implemented.

5.3. Control smoke ventilation should be implemented.

5.4. Fire signals from fire category facilities F1.1, F1.2, F4.1, and F4.2 must be duplicated...

5.5. Fire signals from facilities that do not have 24-hour fire stations must be transmitted...

5.6. Compatibility of various fire automatic equipment with each other.

6. Ensuring the safety of people from electric shock is ensured by:

6.1. Grounding...

6.2. Controls must be protected from accidental access.

This, of course, is not a dogma; it can be considered as one of the proposals for the structure of the new document.

As soon as the requirements already existing in SP 5.13130 are placed in the proposed places, it will become clear whether they are sufficient to solve the problems at hand or not. Requirements will appear that never found a place in this structure. In this case, you will have to evaluate their necessity. It is quite possible that it would make sense to concentrate some of the provisions or rules in some recommendations, which may not be of a mandatory nature.

I can say that in the process of working on such a structure of a fundamentally new document, many new problems will appear. For example, how to correlate the required reliability of fire detection and timeliness of detection. If increased timeliness of detection is required, then two PI located in the same room must be switched on using the “OR” scheme, otherwise one PI is sufficient if, at the same time, some other boundary conditions are met. And, if increased reliability is required at the expense of timely detection, then these two PIs will have to be included according to the “AND” scheme. Who should make this decision and in what case?

A LITTLE ABOUT THE SICKNESS

Here I would like to recall the issue of electrical and information compatibility of various fire automatic equipment with each other. In order to minimize costs for fire automatic equipment, a decision is often made to use one unit from one manufacturer and another unit from a second manufacturer. And the third from the third. Those. Hedgehogs and grass snakes are crossing with each other. The draft new edition states that for this they must be compatible with each other. But there is nothing about who should check and evaluate this compatibility. If we are talking about products from one manufacturer, then this is checked during certification tests by specially trained experts.

But the right to combine components of devices from different manufacturers among themselves given to anyone. Miracles, and that's all. In response to my corresponding question to the authors of such a norm, I was given the answer that “experienced specialists” are doing this. Then why does the set of rules for these “experienced specialists” indicate so many small and detailed features for laying fire alarm cables and other small things. Why transfer so much paper for this? If necessary, they will figure it out themselves. This is the approach of the authors to their own regulatory documents.

And I also want to return to the place of fire control devices, which I have already mentioned twice here. If we take the sets of rules for related fire protection systems (on warning people about a fire, smoke protection, internal fire water supply, elevators, etc.), then they only talk about the procedure for using final actuators (annunciators, fans, electric drives, valves, etc.). It is understood that the signals to them come from fire alarm installations or systems, but nothing is written about the use of fire control devices to control these actuators. Thus, over the course of many years, a whole link in the form of control devices has fallen out of the norm. Everyone knows about this, but until now all authors fire safety standards this topic is carefully avoided, everyone nods to Federal Law No. 123. Only according to the law in paragraph 3 of Art. 103 and in paragraph 3. Art. 103 these control devices, strange as it may seem, relate to fire alarms. Maybe it's not so bad. Only then should they be taken into account in the relevant requirements. There should be no blind spots in fire safety.

CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION

If work is not carried out to radically revise the principle of construction and content of the set of rules SP 5.13130, then there will be no need to talk about its trouble-free application in practice. Further rolling the snowball will not yield results, everyone has long understood this. Over more than 30 years of “improving” it, too much has changed. Without identifying the tasks facing this document, we will never achieve them, and it will remain a kind of cookbook with a very complex and contradictory recipe. We hope that the employees of the Federal State Budgetary Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia will find a solution to this problem, otherwise they will have to involve the public.

Laying fire alarm lines according to SP 5. Fire protection systems

JV “Fire protection systems. Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Design norms and rules"

JV “Fire protection systems. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarm systems. Design norms and rules"

WHAT DOES FEDERAL LAW No. 123-FZ REQUIRE FROM FIRE ALARMS?

RULES AND THEIR PLACE IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES

CODE OF RULES SP 5.13130: ORIGIN AND CONTRADITIONS

SOME EXCURSION INTO INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

PROPOSALS FOR THE FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRE ALARMS

A LITTLE ABOUT THE SICKNESS

CONCLUSION OR CONCLUSION

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