Heating radiators sizes. Heating radiators: standard and non-standard sizes Heating radiators with small center distances
Owners of apartments in buildings with centralized heating have been waiting for a long time for manufacturers to create batteries that can withstand all its disadvantages: high pressure, low-quality coolant and powerful water hammer that can destroy weak aluminum or steel radiators.
The combination of these two metals made it possible to produce completely unique technical specifications bimetallic radiators.
Features of bimetallic devices
When to go inside aluminum body We placed a steel coil, securing the entire structure tightly by welding, several problems were solved at once:
Consumers who have already tested bimetallic structures in their apartments say that their only drawback is their high cost. But, as a rule, quality, safety, beauty and economy are exactly those properties for which you don’t mind paying any money.
Types of aluminum-steel radiators
Manufacturers, following the lead of consumers, are trying to reduce the cost of production of bimetallic structures without changing their design as a whole. Now you can find several types of batteries of this type on the market:
If radiators are to be installed in a room with autonomous system heating, then there is no point in investing a lot of money in expensive models. In this case, it is enough to calculate the power and determine the optimal dimensions bimetallic radiators heating (10 sections is the standard type, although you can choose another type of device).
Types of radiators
Unlike Soviet era, when batteries had the same standard "accordion" appearance, today they are found different types radiators, and bimetallic ones are no exception in this regard.
Monolithic models are a solid section consisting of steel pipes that cannot be disassembled. Such a structure cannot be changed in size, increased or reduced in the number of sections. If the power required for the room is calculated correctly, then a better and more reliable “friend” for a system with strong pressure drops cannot be found. Cast bimetallic radiators can withstand pressure of up to 100 atmospheres and are the most expensive on the market.
Collapsible or, as they are also called, sectional models, allow you to independently determine what size sections of a bimetallic heating radiator are needed for each specific room.
In order for the apartment to be truly warm, you should determine in advance how much power the radiator should have, taking into account all heat losses. Its capacity depends on the size of the device, and the smaller it is, the more economical it works.
Standard battery dimensions
The dimensions of bimetallic radiators are exactly the same as other types of heaters. They are defined center distance between the lower and upper horizontal collectors. These parameters should not be considered the size of the entire structure. To calculate the height of the bimetallic radiator, add 80 to the center-to-center indicator indicated on the product. There are three center distances - 200, 350 and 500 mm, but these are not the only parameters of these devices.
- the length of the standard section is 80 mm;
- depth – from 75 to 100 mm;
- height – 550-580 mm.
To calculate what height, for example, standard bimetallic radiators are 500 mm, you need to add 80 to this indicator, and the resulting 580 mm is its true size, which should be taken into account when determining the place where it will stand.
In addition to standard models, there are so-called design options bimetallic radiators.
Tall structures
When the interior of an apartment or office requires a special approach to arrangement, then the heaters must fit harmoniously into it. So, if the room has panoramic windows, then you can install bimetallic radiators, the height dimensions of which are 880 mm or more, with a section length of 80 mm and a depth of 95 mm.
As a rule, these are cast reliable devices that can be mounted on walls. They can not only heat the room, but also decorate it, as they are available in a fairly rich color scheme. As a last resort, you can order the manufacturer a model of the required shade or with a specific pattern.
Low batteries
One more design solution are low bimetallic heating radiators. They can be installed under large windows, where standard models do not fit in height. Bimetallic radiators have a minimum interaxal distance of 200 mm, while their characteristic feature are the same strength, reliability, high pressure resistance and heat dissipation levels as standard models.
This is because the design of these heaters does not change depending on the size. True, there are manufacturers who “lie” when they say that the price of their products is lower due to their size. Moreover, in fact, bimetallic radiators (300 mm, 400 mm or 200 mm does not matter) have a different structure. They do not have a horizontal steel core, and only the vertical collectors are made of this metal. You can identify a fake by the data sheet, which indicates a pressure level of 20-40 atmospheres, not usual for “real” bimetallic heaters, but only 12-15, which is unusual for these devices.
You should not buy such a product for an apartment with a centralized type of heating, but in an autonomous system they will be useful.
The ratio of power and size of radiators
As long-term practice of using heating devices has shown, the width of the sections of a bimetallic radiator (like any other), its length and height affect the power, and this is understandable: than larger area radiator, the higher its heat output.
If you compare the heat transfer, mass, capacity, size and pressure level of a bimetallic structure with an aluminum analogue, you will see the difference between them.
- Bimetallic radiators 350 mm (center distance):
- Heat dissipation 136 W (aluminum - 139)
- Pressure level (working) 20 Bar (15 Bar for aluminum)
- The pressure test rate is 30 Bar (20-25 Bar, respectively).
- Section capacity 0.18 l (0.19 l)
- The weight of one section is 1.36 kg (aluminum - 1.2 kg).
- Bimetallic radiators 500 (80 depth):
- Heat transfer from one section is 204 W (180 W aluminum with similar dimensions).
- Working pressure 30 Bar (20 respectively).
- Crimping pressure 40-50 Bar (30 Bar).
- Section capacity 0.2 l (0.27 l).
- The weight of one element is 1.90 kg (1.45 kg).
As can be seen from the above parameters, power varies depending on the size of the radiator, as does its pressure level, weight, and volume.
When choosing what type of radiators to install, you need to start from the real needs of the room in the amount of heat, and not from the style and quality of the interior design. Fortunately, modern manufacturers produce models of any level - low bimetallic heating radiators are in stores next to their high counterparts.
Knowing how much power a device should have, just look at the table provided by either sellers or manufacturers for each product and find the corresponding size indicator. When installing a sectional model, it can always be expanded to increase power, but if the radiator does not fit under the window, then you should choose designer heater options.
The choice of dimensions of heating devices is not based on aesthetic considerations. Heat transfer plays the main role here. This is especially true if a model is selected for installation under a window. You need to choose a model so as to meet several requirements at once:
- the length of the radiator must cover at least 70-75% of the width of the window opening;
- the distance from the floor should be 80-120 mm;
- from the window sill 60-120 mm.
Only under such conditions will the heat transfer of your chosen heating device will be normal: it will produce the number of watts declared by the manufacturer.
Terminology
Often in descriptions and specifications there is the concept of “center distance”. Sometimes the terms “internipple” and “intercenter” or connecting dimensions are used. These are different names for the same quantity. It is defined as the distance between the centers of the inlet openings of a section or radiator.
This parameter is important if the supply pipes are in in good condition and there is no need to change them. In this case, in order not to overcook the liner, you can choose a model with the same center distance as the old radiators.
The overall dimensions of the section or radiator itself are described by the following parameters:
- installation height;
- depth;
- width.
If the radiator has a sectional structure, then the depth and width refer to the dimensions of the section. Moreover, the depth of the radiator will be the same, and the width of the battery depends on the required number of sections (you need to add about 1 cm more to the gaskets that are laid to seal the connections).
The names of radiators often contain numbers: RAP-350, Magica 400, Rococo 790 or RAP-500. The numbers are the center distance, indicated in millimeters. This makes it easier for both the buyer and the seller to navigate. The fact is that with the same center distance, the installation height can differ significantly. Therefore, the most accurate value is set in the specification.
Radiator parameters that may need to be taken into account include the volume of water in the section. For apartments connected to centralized heating, this characteristic does not affect anything, but for individual systems it can be important: when it is necessary to calculate the volume of the system (to determine the performance of the boiler or the characteristics of the pump).
And perhaps the most important parameter is thermal power. It is worth noting that the highest power is not always necessary. Increasingly, apartments and houses with good thermal insulation require heating devices of medium power, and not huge ones.
When selecting the thermal power of one section, you need to remember that the radiator under the window must cover at least 75% of the width of the window opening. Then the room will be warm, there will be no cold zones and the glass will not “sweat”. That is why it is better to take 10 less powerful sections than 6 pieces with high thermal output.
The standard window width is 1100-1200 mm. Accordingly, 75% is 825-900 mm. This is how long or longer your battery should be. Looking ahead a little, let's say that the average width of one section of an aluminum radiator is 80 mm, which means you will need 10-12 sections.
Standard height
When talking about standard height, we mean an interaxle distance of 500 mm. These were the connecting dimensions of the well-known cast iron “accordion” of Soviet times. And since they have a long service life, these batteries are still used in heating networks. Only now they are being replaced with new ones. Moreover, they often do not want to redo the system, so they look for heating devices of the same size. What's good: they are in almost every group.
Cast iron
Today, not only “accordion” is made from cast iron, although it exists and is popular. There are also retro-style radiators with a center distance of 500 mm, made in a modern style:
- “Accordion” is called MS-140, MS-110, MS-90 and MS-85. These modifications have different depths: 140, 110, 90 and 85 mm, respectively. The width also varies. And she has different manufacturers the same model is different. So the MS-140 from the Minsk plant has a width of 108 mm, and from Bryansk and Novosibirsk - 93 mm.
- Cast iron radiators in retro style with a center distance of 500 mm appearance and the dimensions will be completely different. Let's say the Modern 500 model. Sections with legs dimensions 645*100*45 mm, without legs 572*100*45 mm, thermal power 93 W. And the other DERBY M 500 has dimensions of 660*174*63 mm and a heat output of 118 W (where the dimensions are designated height*depth*width).
- The new type of cast iron batteries also have a decent range of parameters. Turkish Demrad Ridem 3/500 - 572*98.2*60 mm, Demrad Ridem 4/500 - 572*134*60 mm. Czech Viadrus Style has the following dimensions: height 580 mm, width 60 mm, depth is not indicated due to its nonlinear shape (narrower at the top, wider at the bottom).
Aluminum
The dimensions of aluminum radiators are more standardized. Here we can even talk about average values. With an interaxial distance of 500 mm, the average section height is 570-585 mm. Practically standard width- 80 mm. There are options for depth. There are almost flat: radiators Russian production"Thermal" have a depth of only 52 mm. These are the flattest aluminum batteries. For all others it is 80-100 mm.
Bimetallic
Here the situation is even more standard. There were no flat radiators in this category. On average, the dimensions are as follows: width 80-87 mm, depth 80-95 mm, height 565-575 mm.
Steel
Steel panel radiators rarely produced with a center distance of 500 mm. But still, there are some. For example, the Kermi campaign made the following connecting dimensions specifically for replacement: they are available in the Plan-K and Profil -K line. There are standard size radiators and Russian manufacturer"Conrad": model RSV-1.
Tubular radiators come in a variety of models and sizes. It is quite easy to find the required sizes here. The Russian manufacturer has KZTO, and the Europeans have it. In this category, they operate more with the overall height - the mounting one, since many people prefer the bottom connection.
Tall and narrow
Tall radiators, even in their usual design, look unusual. And if you paint it in a non-standard color, give it unusual shape, when combined with a mirror or shelf, it generally looks more like a designer item than a banal heating device.
Let us immediately upset cast iron lovers: the tallest cast iron radiator is around a meter. Haven't seen it higher. The same can be said about bimetallic ones - they don’t come above a meter. And in general, all that is in bimetal is 760-860 mm or so.
Steel panel batteries as standard come in heights of up to 900 mm. But there are also special models that can reach two meters and higher. For example, Kermi has two models Verteo Plan and Verteo Profil - the maximum they can be up to 2.2 m. Purmo also has giants: Kos V, Faros V, Tinos V, Narbonne V and VT, Paros V. They differ in the type of front panel (smooth or profiled) and depth. But they all only have a bottom connection.
Steel tubular radiators are available with a height of up to 3000 mm. Moreover, if necessary, some manufacturers can make it higher. There are tall models from any manufacturer: everyone on the market offers these “to order” non-standard options. Here we will list only the most interesting from a design point of view: Entreetherm, Planterm from Arbonia, Dekor series from Kermi, Harmony from the Russian KZTO, Charleston from Zender.
Other types do not have tall radiators. The choice, it must be said, is considerable. Don't get confused.
Low radiators
All heating devices whose center distance is less than 400 mm can be considered low. And here they offer many different models.
In the cast iron group, the BOLTON 220 model with an installation height of 330 m has the minimum center distance, slightly higher than the Hellas 270 from Viadrus: it has an installation height of 340 mm. All the rest are taller - with an axle distance of 300-350 mm or so.
Among aluminum radiators, Sira has the smallest ones; their mounting height is 245 mm, and the center distance is 200 mm. These are Alux and Rovall models with a depth of 80 mm and 100 mm. Others have models of similar dimensions famous manufacturer Global (Global) - model Gl-200/80/D and for the Russian "Rifar" - these are "Base 200" and "Forza 200".
Aluminum batteries are slightly bigger size(with a center distance of 300 mm or more) are available from all manufacturers. There is a wide choice here.
The same Rifar and Sira have bimetallic low radiators: height 245 mm and 264 mm, respectively. But most of all there are models with connecting dimensions of 350 mm. Any manufacturer has them. This distance can also, in fact, be considered standard - everyone has it.
There is even more choice in the group of steel radiators. The smallest panel panels are produced by Purmo - Purmo Planora and Ramo Compact - their center distance is 150 mm and their height is 200 mm.
For all other manufacturers, the height starts from 300 mm. Moreover, the length can be up to 3 meters (the step of its change is 100 mm).
Tubular radiators are also very small: from 150 mm sizes Delta Laserline (manufacturer Purmo). For Arbonia, the height of all models of tubular radiators starts from 180 mm, for Zehnder from 190 mm (Charleston model), for the Russian KZTO from 300 mm.
There are low copper and copper-aluminum radiators. They are produced mainly in small sizes - they have great power, and the price is also rather high. The lowest models are: Ukrainian “Thermia” - height from 200 m, Polish Regulus-sistem - all models from 215 mm in height; Russian “IzoTerm” - from 215 mm; Chinese Mars (sectional type) with a height of 385 mm.
And the lowest can be considered convectors built into the floor. They do not protrude above the floor level at all, but are placed for heating continuous glazing, or built into window sills panoramic windows. They are available in different capacities and purposes; they can be used as additional or main heating.
Flat radiators
In some cases, it is not the height, but the depth of the radiators that plays a role: flat batteries are needed. There's not much choice here.
Shallow depth aluminum radiators are produced by Zlatoust Termal. Their models RAP 500 and RAP 300 have a depth of 52 mm, while the thermal power is decent - 161 W and 105 W.
Tubular steel radiators have a small depth: two-pipe ones are made from 50 mm thick, three-pipe ones from 100 mm to 110 mm, all the others are more solid - from 135 mm and more.
Neither bimetal, nor, especially cast iron, is flat. But there is a very good and perfect flat type heating - warm baseboard. With this system, heating devices are located along the perimeter of the floor. Their dimensions are about 30 mm in depth and 100-120 mm in height.
Results
The variety of heating devices allows you to choose an option for any conditions: there are not only standard sizes, but also low, high, flat. For every taste and color.
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Advantages of bimetallic heating radiators
The popularity of this type of battery can be explained very simply. Cast iron radiators are quite reliable, but they do not look very aesthetically pleasing. In addition, they are difficult to install. Aluminum batteries look modern and attractive. However, this metal does not tolerate contact with oxygen in the coolant very well. Therefore, aluminum radiators quickly fail and begin to leak. Steel batteries last longer. However, at the same time they do not look so aesthetically pleasing.
Bimetallic models combine the advantages of aluminum and steel radiators. IN modern interior These batteries fit just perfectly. The sections in them are made of aluminum. At the same time, they last a long time, since the pipes through which the coolant flows through them are made of steel.
What to consider when choosing battery sizes
Heating radiators are usually installed under windows. This arrangement allows the coolant energy to be spent as rationally as possible. Taking this into account, the sizes of heating radiators are usually chosen.
The battery is mounted in such a way that the distance from its top edge to the window sill protrusion is at least 10 cm.
and above the floor, the radiator should be located at a height of approximately 8-12 cm. If these requirements are violated, effective air exchange does not occur in the area of the battery sections. Consequently, the potential of the radiator is not fully used. So, when choosing a battery, the first thing you should look at is the height. It should be approximately 20 cm less than the distance from the window sill protrusion to the floor.
Dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators: height
When manufacturing heating batteries, like any other equipment, certain standards are, of course, observed. Bimetallic radiators (depending on modification) according to the passport can have a height of 200, 350 and 500 mm. All of these options are quite popular, and you can purchase them if necessary without any problems. However, the numbers 200, 350 and 500 mm are not the actual height of the radiator, but only indicate the distance between the centers of the inlet and outlet pipes. But the battery sections themselves usually have a little longer length. You can find out which height dimensions of heating radiators will be the most convenient if you add 8 cm to the center distance. Thus, a battery marked 350 will occupy approximately 430 mm under the window sill, a 500 mm model will occupy 580 mm, and a 200 model will occupy 280 mm.
Radiators width
Based on this indicator, the battery should be selected as carefully as possible. The width of the radiator depends on the number of sections, which may vary. The required number of such elements for one battery is calculated using a special formula. It is believed that heating a 10 m2 room requires 1 kW of radiator power. The formula for calculating the required number of sections thus looks like this: N = S x 100/Q. In place of S you need to substitute the total area of the room in which the radiator will be installed. The Q value is the power of one section. The last indicator is easy to determine. The manufacturer usually indicates the power of one section in the technical data sheet. This indicator may vary, but most often its value is close to 180 W (for 500 mm models). 8 cm is the width that in most cases one section of a heating radiator has. The size of the battery thus directly affects its power.
For example, let's calculate a heating radiator for a room of 30 m2. In this case, the formula will be: 30 x 100/180 = number of sections. That is, 16-17 pieces. The width of the radiator will be large - 16 x 8 = 128 cm. Radiators are usually installed under the window sill in a special niche. Such a wide radiator may not fit into it. In this case, you just need to purchase two batteries of 8 sections. The width of each will be 64 cm. When choosing the number of sections, among other things, you should take into account that the length of the radiator must cover at least 70-75% of the window opening.
Battery thickness
The dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators, therefore, may be different. Their depth is usually 80 or 100 mm. Sometimes 90 mm options are also available for sale. In this case, the choice depends solely on the personal preferences of the home owners themselves. If the niche for the battery is deep, you can purchase a thicker radiator. If the wall is in the same plane as the edge of the window sill, you should, of course, buy an 80 mm radiator. In this case, if necessary, it will be easier to disguise it.
Dimensions of cast iron radiators
Standard Soviet batteries of this type had a height of 580 mm, a rib width of 94 mm and a thickness of 140 mm. Many owners of houses and apartments still consider such models to be the most reliable. Therefore, cast iron radiators are still in demand today. Manufacturers, of course, noticed this and began to supply the market with retro-style cast iron radiators, which have a very attractive design. If you wish, you can, of course, buy such batteries for your home. Their sizes may vary. There are low, standard and high models of this type on the market. Approximate Dimensions cast iron radiators heating different types can be seen in the table below.
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Center distance (cm) |
Height (cm) |
Depth (cm) |
Section width (cm) |
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Standard |
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Very often, stylish cast iron retro radiators have small legs. In this case, the height is calculated, of course, taking them into account.
What are the sizes of steel heating radiators?
Structurally, such batteries differ from both cast iron and bimetallic ones. They are steel radiators in a single panel rectangular shape. Inside it there are channels intended for coolant. There are also tubular steel radiators on sale. In appearance they resemble cast iron models. In turn, tubular batteries can be sectional or solid.
Steel heating radiators can have very different dimensions in height and width. When choosing such radiators, first of all pay attention to the thickness. The higher this indicator, the more powerful the battery. The thickness of steel radiators depends on the number of panels and rows of fins. The last indicator can range from 0 to 3. Thus, the thickness of a steel radiator is most often 61-170 mm.
The width of tubular heating radiators depends on the number of sections used in them. Due to their special design, models of this type are usually installed only in offices or administrative premises.
Aluminum models
There are aluminum heating radiators with significant or small dimensions in height and length. But the most common option is such batteries with an interaxial distance of 350 and 500 mm. Approximately 80% of all aluminum models on the market have this height. But sometimes radiators with an interaxial distance of 20-80 cm are also available for sale.
IN Lately Manufacturers began to produce very interesting plinth models of aluminum batteries. Visually, the dimensions of heating radiators of this type are very small. It's all about their low height. However, the length of such models can be quite long. If desired, you can find very interesting vertical aluminum radiators on the market today. For such models, the height can reach 2-2.5 m, and the width can be insignificant.
The depth of radiators of this type, like bimetallic ones, can be 8 or 10 cm. The width of the aluminum battery section in most cases is 8 cm.
Features of radiator installation
The dimensions of bimetallic heating radiators, like cast iron or aluminum ones, should therefore be selected as carefully as possible. Whatever the dimensions of the battery, however, it must, of course, be installed correctly. Heating radiators are usually attached to the wall using brackets. Before installing them, markings must be made. Radiators are mounted either strictly horizontally or with a slight slope in the direction of the coolant flow. In the latter case, it is easier to delete from sections air jams. Batteries can be connected to the mains in three ways: from below, diagonally and from the side. In any case, an individual valve should be installed on each radiator. This allows you to repair the battery without having to turn off the entire heating system as a whole. Also, a Mayevsky faucet (or some of its modern analogues) must be installed on each radiator.
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Device
Each type of radiator has its own advantages. The cast iron radiator is durable, retains heat for a long time, but does not have much attractive appearance. Aluminum looks aesthetically pleasing and has high level heat transfer, but short-lived. The steel battery is durable, but retains heat no worse than previous models and requires additional decor if used in a residential area.
Among different types of batteries, bimetallic radiators have incomparable advantages. They are made of steel and aluminum. From steel they received strength and reliability, from aluminum - an attractive appearance. Due to the harmonious combination of the qualities of both metals, a bimetallic battery can for a long time keep warm.
Design Features
Water contains a large number of impurities. When in contact with aluminum, they cause corrosion. Over several years of use, these processes will lead to leakage of the device.
The design feature of these radiators is the presence of an internal core made of of stainless steel, which is surrounded by aluminum alloy on the outside. This way, water does not come into contact with aluminum, which significantly extends the service life of the system.
There are two manufacturing options:
- Pseudobimetal. In this case, the steel core is located only inside the vertical channels. So aluminum is not completely protected, but only to the greatest extent possible. weak points. These models are cheaper and have a standard service life of up to 10 years if used in systems with high water pressure (for example, in city apartments).
- Bimetal. It has a solid inner casing made of steel, which is filled with aluminum alloy under pressure. Here the aluminum is protected on all sides. These are more expensive models and their service life under similar operating conditions is up to 30 years.
Device bimetallic battery The manufacturing method directly affects the volume of water in the bimetallic radiator section. If we compare it with any other battery, the volume of one section here will be significantly lower. The disadvantage is compensated by the presence of two alloys. As a result, the inner steel core prevents the aluminum shell from cooling quickly. There are different ways to join two metals. It is preferable if aluminum is poured over steel under pressure. This battery model will last longer. There is an option when metals are joined together by welding.
By technical type radiator designs can be:
- Collapsible. This means that using a radiator wrench you can unscrew any number of sections and screw them to another radiator. This type is most often installed in private houses with an autonomous heating system, where there is no high pressure water.
- Non-separable. The radiator is monolithic, it cannot be untwisted, cut, or attached to another. Perfect for use in a city apartment, where there is always a high level of pressure.
Dimensions
The size of the sections of a bimetallic radiator is determined by the distance from the middle of the inlet to the middle of the outlet. Today batteries are manufactured with the distance between the specified holes:
- 200 mm;
- 350 mm;
- 500 mm.
Dimensions of bimetallic heating batteries Before choosing required dimensions heating batteries, remember that from the floor to the bottom of the radiator there should be at least 12 cm, and from its top to the protruding part of the window sill - at least 10 cm. Otherwise, there will not be sufficient air circulation, which will reduce the heat transfer efficiency of the device.
The section width ranges from 80 to 90 mm. Thickness – from 80 to 120 mm. Height, width and thickness affect the energy output of the battery.
Section capacity
The specific design of radiators determines their rather low capacity. This is both good and bad.
Small container is not required large quantity coolant (hot water), which means it saves water and fuel to heat it. But the less coolant, the faster the radiator cools. Here, rapid cooling does not occur, since between the water and the aluminum surface there is also a steel shell that does not cool down for a long time.
Joining two metals A small container contributes to rapid contamination and clogging of channels when using low-quality water. To solve this problem, a cleaning system is installed in a private home. The minimum requirement is to install two filters: fine and coarse.
The volume of one section depends on its size:
- with a distance between the inlet and outlet openings of 500 mm, the section capacity will be 0.2–0.3 liters;
- with a distance of 350 mm, the capacity will be 0.15–0.2 liters;
- a distance of 200 mm guarantees a volume of 0.1–0.16 liters.
Calculation of the number of sections
The volume and number of sections determines the thermal power of one radiator. Before making a purchase, it is important to calculate this power in order to find the number of sections required for the room. To do this, use any of two formulas:
- General. When sections are calculated based on the area of the room. On average, at least 1 kW of energy is required per 10 m2. The formula used for calculation is N = S × 100/Q. Where N is the number of sections for the room, S is the area of the room in square meters, Q is the energy power of the section. The energy power is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging or on accompanying documents.
- Detailed. This formula takes into account the volume of the room in cubic meters (m3). On average, 1 cubic meter of space requires 41 W of energy. Next, use the formula N = S × 41/Q, where N is the number of sections for the room, V is the volume of the room in cubic meters, Q is the energy power of the section.
Let's try to calculate the number of sections for a room of 25 m2, with the energy power of the section being 180 W. It turns out: 25 × 100/180 = 13.88. After rounding, we get 14 sections (rounding must be done up). With a width of 8 centimeters, the total width of the radiator will be 112 centimeters. In this case, you can install 2 radiators each with 7 sections.
Radiator sizes Let's calculate the number of sections for heating a room with the following parameters: length 5 meters, width 3 meters, ceiling height 2.5 meters. First you need to find the area of the room. We multiply the length by the width and get 15 m2. We multiply the resulting figure by the height of the ceilings - we get 37.5 m 3. Let’s take 180 W for the power of one section, then 37.5 × 41/180 = 8.54. Round up and get 9 sections.
When the apartment is located on the first or top floors, V corner apartment, in a room with large windows or in a house with a wall thickness of no more than 25 centimeters, it is necessary to add 10% to the resulting parameter.
Let's summarize. To make the right choice, you must pay attention to all of the following characteristics:
- Design. For urban apartments will do a monolithic, completely bimetallic battery that can withstand pressures of up to 15 atmospheres or more (usually in apartments a pressure of around 12 atmospheres is used, while in a private house it is recommended to set the pressure to just one atmosphere). Cheaper models are suitable for autonomous heating systems, since they do not have high pressure.
- Size. If the distance between the floor and the window sill is at least 80 centimeters, you should choose the highest model. Otherwise, you will have to take a smaller radiator, so that it is at least 12 cm to the floor, and at least 10 cm to the window sill.
- Capacity. One of the main properties is rather narrow passages. If possible, ensure good quality water supplied to the heating system.
- Calculation of sections. Before purchasing, read the model description to clarify the energy capacity. It is better to calculate the number of sections using the second (detailed) formula, where the required amount of heat is determined based on the volume of the room. Do not forget to add 10% in case of significant heat loss due to external factors.
In order for the calculation of the heating system to be made as accurately as possible, you will need to rely on total area Houses. Correct calculation of the heating system involves choosing the right size heating devices, device power, quantity, and so on. After this, it will be possible to calculate how efficient the heating system will be. In order for heating to be more efficient, you will need to cover the surface of the radiators that gives off heat. This can be done through a grill or casing. Typically, heating radiators are mounted near a window in a specially designated opening for them. Therefore, the radiator must be of such a size that its height does not reach the window sill, and its width does not exceed the width of the window.
Calculation of the number of heating radiators
When calculating, you need to pay attention to the following factors:
- The area of the room that needs to be heated. To make such a calculation more accurate, it is necessary to determine the volume of the room in cubic meters.
- The area of the radiator surface that transfers heat into the room.
- Temperature conditions of a 200 mm heating radiator.
If determining the exact calculation is not so important, then you can use the older method. Initially, we determine the area of the house or apartment. If 200 mm heating radiators are of a type such as sectional, then the dimensions of one section will be sufficient to heat 2 square meters. meters of area. We count the quantity and add to the result that we got about 10%. This figure compensates for the heat that will escape through windows or doors.
Selecting the size of heating radiators
Dimensions of this heating element are set based on the thermal power they emit. If heating radiators are mounted in an opening under a window, then you will need to calculate the following dimensions:
- The distance from the window sill to the top of the radiator should be no more than 100 cm.
- The distance from the floor to the bottom edge of the heating radiator must be at least 60 cm.
- The width of the radiators must be chosen such that it overlaps the width of the window by approximately 60-70%.
There are several rules:
- If narrower small radiators are installed under the window, they may not create thermal curtain. This will cause small radiators to be unable to prevent cold air from entering through the radiator blocks.
- If such figures as the thermal power of the heating radiator and its height are known, then you can choose a specific model of the heating element with a certain number of sections.
- If the model you need is not on sale, then you can choose 200mm heating radiators, which will have more power. The main thing is not to lower this figure.
- If there is no place in the house or apartment where you can mount heating radiators with a height of 250 mm, or you need to heat a fairly large volume of air, then you will need to purchase tall heating radiators. Most often, such heating radiators are installed indoors or in large gyms.
There are two types of high heating radiators:
- Type RD – characterized by bottom connection;
- Type R – characterized by lateral connection.
Radiators with a large heating radiator height are characterized by high convection and high heat output. This type of radiator can reach a height of 760, 940 and 1120 mm, and a width from 400 to 1400 mm. In depth, all tall radiators have the standard dimensions of radiators - 90 mm.
Low batteries are heating radiators 300 mm-450 mm. As a rule, low models are placed under window sills when the window occupies almost the entire wall space. Such low heating radiators will, of course, be inferior in efficiency to larger models, so if you use such radiators, you will have to increase their number. It is worth noting that low radiators heat rooms more evenly. Indeed, in this case, long heating radiators will create a more effective thermal curtain, and as a result warm air will be distributed throughout the room without leaving cold spots.
But it is still worth noting that tall and narrow heating radiators are more common. Such heating radiators with a height of 2000 mm can be installed wherever the dimensions of the room allow it. However, such radiators, unlike long radiators, will not distribute heat in such an efficient manner.
That is why, if you place 350 high-type heating radiators ill-considered, a situation will arise where it will be incredibly hot near the radiator, and cold in other parts of the room.
Optimal installation schemes for heating components
If you need to reduce the costs of operations such as installation of 350 mm heating radiators and their further connection, then you can opt for a single-pipe type wiring system. Such a system, however, requires the presence of a bypass line.
Valves will be installed at the highest points through which air will be released. Such a valve will operate automatically, they will release air, and the air inlet will be blocked by water pressure.
The shut-off valve will create a barrier in the path of the coolant, and will also increase heat transfer.
Such a valve will also be required during various dismantling works. In the case of a single-pipe distribution system, such a valve is best connected diagonally. In this case, the coolant will flow in the left top corner, and retracted in the lower right.
The reverse option can also be used. Most important nuance What must be observed is not to connect heating radiators with a height of 150 mm on the same side. In this case, you can lose up to 10% of heat transfer. If small or mini heating radiators are installed, it is best to make a bottom connection.
The heat source of any heating system is batteries. The efficiency of heating the room depends on their quality. To increase this indicator, it is necessary to select the correct sizes of heating radiators. Some models, even with small dimensions, are able to provide good heat transfer, others - on the contrary. Before choosing heating devices, it is recommended to familiarize yourself with the advantages of each material.
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Common types
The most common and oldest models are cast iron. Today they are used less frequently, but there are a sufficient number of buildings that are heated with the help of such batteries. Previously sizes heating radiators made of cast iron were impressive, they looked unaesthetic.
Today, manufacturers have improved them, and it is also possible to hide the device under a special screen, the design of which is selected to the taste of the homeowner. The advantages of such radiators are their unpretentiousness chemical composition coolant, resistance to corrosion and high temperatures, durability, ease of operation, no need for constant maintenance.But batteries also have disadvantages. The most important of them is considered to be instability to sudden temperature changes, therefore, in case of system failures in central heating cracks and coolant leakage may occur. Installation is problematic because the structure is heavy.
Transportation of such radiators is also difficult, since careless handling results in defects that make the device unsuitable for use. A significant disadvantage is the inability to properly paint older models, as well as the need to regularly renew the coating. Despite the shortcomings, the devices are used in apartments and private houses, as they are considered reliable and durable.
Aluminum heating radiator, how to add, twist sections, extend and unscrew the battery
Aluminum models
Aluminum radiators have become quite popular in the last few years. They have advantages that make the models the most preferred option for installation in a private house:
But there are also some disadvantages. The most important is the impossibility of installing such batteries in apartments, since the devices have a low operating pressure. If central heating is interrupted, local leaks may occur due to structural damage.
Aluminum is a brittle metal that is easily damaged during transportation or installation. Its peculiarity is the ability to interact with the chemical components of water in the system. As a result, corrosion areas form on the inner surface, which gradually lead to the complete destruction of the metal. The service life of such models is slightly lower than that of their cast iron counterparts, and ranges from 5 to 15 years. Some manufacturers have been able to extend this period to 20 years.
Bimetallic and steel
Steel and bimetallic models are considered the most modern and reliable, their service life reaches 25-30 years. The first is a stainless steel structure, which is made in different shapes.Most affordable option there will be a panel steel battery, manufactured in a modern style and having small size And attractive design. Tubular models are durable and are made in the form of small diameter tubes connected to each other. Their number depends on the area of the room.
Sectional models are also very reliable and durable. They are a structure of several sections connected to each other by spot welding. This method allows you to extend the life of the radiator and eliminate the possibility of leakage.
Bimetallic radiators are also available in several versions and are distinguished by their reliability and long service life. The outer frame of the battery is made of a special alloy of aluminum and silicon called silumin. Inside each section there is steel pipe, excluding contact of silumin with water. This reduces the likelihood of corrosion areas forming.
There are also options for bimetallic batteries that have only a steel core and a contact aluminum alloy with water is not excluded here. They are not recommended for installation in apartment buildings.
Bimetallic and steel radiators are suitable for installation in a private house and apartment with a centralized heating system. The devices can withstand differences in operating pressure and high temperatures coolant, do not corrode. A significant advantage is the unpretentiousness to the chemical composition of the coolant.
The disadvantage of the models is their high cost, which differs from the prices of aluminum analogues. It is also worth considering that these heating devices must be installed and connected to the system carefully, following all instructions.
How to choose a bimetallic radiator?
Radiator dimensions
Bimetal and other models have standard and non-standard sizes depending on the purpose, intended operating mode and specific preferences of each person.
Standard figures taking into account the type of radiator:
The thickness of the heating radiator depends on the material from which it is made. Cast iron models by this criterion they are in the lead. Aluminum batteries are considered the thinnest.
Heating radiators - which ones are better?
Calculation depending on area
Warming up a private house or apartment during heating season largely depends on the correct calculation of the number of sections on the radiator in each room. If we are talking about an apartment building, then the plan is drawn up by specialists based on the square footage of the premises and existing standards.
However, in a private house, the owner must perform these actions independently or contact people who perform such work. There are several calculation methods:
When making calculations, it is worth considering that almost all manufacturers, when drawing up a technical data sheet for a radiator, always exaggerate the maximum heat transfer rate of each section. Therefore, it is better to take the minimum value.
Most exact calculation can be done by specialists who use other formulas. They take into account the location of the building, the glazing factor, the number of external walls, and the average air temperature in the cold season. This is the indicator that is considered correct.
Types of heating radiators. Modern types of heating radiators
Selection and installation rules
In order for the radiator to match the interior, it is necessary to make right choice. The width of the device should not be less than the window sill, provided that the unit is located under the window. From the floor to the battery there must be at least 60 mm, from the window sill to the upper border - at least 100 mm.
You should not mount the structure very close to the walls, especially if they are covered with wallpaper. If the home owner intends to close the radiators protective screens, it is necessary to recalculate the power taking into account this criterion. In a private house, you are allowed to install radiators yourself if the person has the appropriate skills. In an apartment, it is better to entrust the work to specialists.It is strongly not recommended to choose aluminum radiators for an apartment. As a rule, utility companies do not give permission for such changes. You should also not install radiators that have a thermal power greater than is necessary for each room.
The dimensions of radiators are an important parameter of heating devices, which allows you not only to select a model suitable for the interior, but also to calculate the number of sections required for effective heating of the room.
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When arranging a heating structure in own apartment or home, their owners need to decide on the purchase of batteries, taking into account the size of the heating radiators.
In this case, the following basic parameters should be taken into account:
- degree of heat transfer of one section;
- the maximum operating pressure for which these devices are designed.
Heating radiator sizes
Standard height The most popular models of heating devices with the center distance along the connections is 500 millimeters. These are the batteries that in most cases could be seen about two decades ago in city apartments.Cast iron radiators. A typical representative of these devices is the MS-140-500-0.9 model.
The specifications for it include the following: dimensions heating radiators made of cast iron:
- length of one section - 93 millimeters;
- depth - 140 millimeters;
- height – 588 millimeters.
Aluminum radiators . For heating devices made of aluminum on the market today, with the same center-to-center spacing of the connections, there is a significant variation in parameters (more details: " ").
Typical sizes of aluminum heating radiators are:
- length of one section - 80 millimeters;
- depth 80-100 millimeters;
- height - 575-585 millimeters.
Aluminum radiators have the following feature: the volume of coolant in them is 3 and sometimes 5 times less than in cast iron products. As a result, the high speed of movement of hot water prevents silting and the formation of deposits.
Bimetallic radiators. The steel core in such devices does not in any way affect their appearance and the size of the heating radiators, but the maximum operating pressure increases significantly. Unfortunately, the increased strength of the bimetallic battery leads to high costs. And the price of such a product is already inaccessible to a wide range of consumers.
- length 80-82 millimeters;
- depth - from 75 to 100 millimeters;
- height – minimum 550 and maximum 580 millimeters.
When arranging a heating structure, you should use pipes that are not inferior in strength to radiators. Otherwise, using durable devices loses all meaning. For bimetallic radiators, only steel liner is used.
Low batteries
Radiators with a small center distance have the following advantages:- they can be placed under a low window sill;
- they have maximum heat transfer per unit area.
The dimensions of the MS-140M-300-0.9 heating radiator sections are:
- length 93 millimeters;
- depth - 140 millimeters;
- height – 388 millimeters.
As for thermal power, it varies from a minimum of 50 watts per section to a maximum of 160 watts. The determining factor is the fin area of one section. At the same time, the change in dimensions does not significantly affect the operating pressure - low aluminum devices are designed for 16 atmospheres, and when testing - 24 atmospheres.
Bimetallic radiators. All the sizes of heating radiators that they have are also typical for aluminum heating devices. Thermal power is within the same limits. On sale you can find aluminum low radiators with heat output of 80 and 140 watts per section. The working pressure is 25-35 atmospheres.
Bimetallic low radiators, such as in the photo, have two nuances:
- among heating devices there are batteries not with solid steel cores, but with steel tubes placed between aluminum collectors. Their operating pressure, indicated by manufacturers, is usually 12 or 16 atmospheres;
- they often do not have vertically located channels and in the case of side connection can be heated from the collectors due to the thermal conductivity of aluminum. The circulation of the coolant is ensured by the last section, since it is flow-through.
Tall radiators
When the selection of a radiator in size is limited due to lack of space to accommodate a standard device, preference is given to tall and narrow batteries, since these models have a limited width.
Cast iron radiators. Unlike domestic cast iron products standard dimensions, among foreign products you can find designer devices, the height of which is unusual for Russian consumers. For example, the Demrad Retro line of cast iron radiators.
Their sizes are as follows:
- the height of the section with a width of 76 millimeters varies from 661 to 954 millimeters;
- depth - 203 millimeters.
The largest sections have a thermal power of up to 270 watts. At the same time, narrow heating radiators can have height dimensions of 2400 millimeters. Working pressure is limited to 6 atmospheres. High altitude contributes to solid power: with a temperature delta of 70 degrees, it reaches even more than 433 watts.
Aluminum radiators. Typically, for tall aluminum radiators, the connections are placed at the bottom to make the pipes invisible.
Bimetallic radiators. Basically, models of tall and narrow bimetallic radiators are original designer designs, and accordingly all their sizes are non-standard. Basically, these products are rarely sectional - they are, as a rule, monolithic.
An example of such heating devices is the radiator model Sira RS-800 BIMETALL, which has the following parameters:
Before calculating the size of a heating radiator, it is necessary to decide on the model of a specific heating device for a room of a certain purpose and area. It should be remembered that heat transfer is affected not by the size, but by the power of the individual sections, which are assembled into one battery.
Choice, taking into account the sizes of heating radiators, details in the video: