Painting on wood with acrylic paints: types of techniques. Painting on wood with acrylic paints: techniques for beginners

Khokhloma -

Painting on wood, in which rowan and strawberries, flowers and branches, and sometimes birds, fish and animals are applied in bright colors against a black lacquer background. The name of the style comes from the district of the same name Nizhny Novgorod. The main items on which Khokhloma is applied: dishes, furniture, figurines, matryoshka dolls.

Gorodets painting -

Wood painting, in which genre scenes from the life of the Russian merchants, as well as animals and flowers are depicted in rich colors on a golden background. The name of the style comes from the city of Gorodets in the Nizhny Novgorod region. The main objects on which Gorodets painting is applied are: chests, spinning wheels, children's furniture.

Painting on ceramics, in which floral ornaments different shades of blue color with curls are drawn on a white background. The name of the style comes from the “Gzhel Bush” region; it is formed by 27 villages in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region. The main objects on which Gzhel is applied are: dishes, vases, figurines, teapots, cutting boards, nesting dolls.

Fedoskino painting -

Wood painting, in which portraits of people are depicted on a black lacquer background. In this case, a reflective material is applied to the base - metal powder, gold leaf, gold leaf, mother-of-pearl, which gives the work the effect of glow and depth. The name of the style comes from the village of Fedoskino near Moscow. The main objects on which Fedoskino painting is applied: caskets, caskets, boxes, album covers, eyeglass cases, wallets, Easter eggs.

Painting of the Northern Dvina -

Wood painting, in which fairy-tale characters and plants are painted in red and orange flowers on a yellow background. The name of the style comes from the Northern Dvina River, flowing in the Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk and Vologda regions. The main items on which painting is applied are: dishes, chests, caskets, headrests.

Prikamsk painting -

Wood painting, in which images of plants and animals are drawn with red paints on an orange background. The name of the style comes from the territory adjacent to the Kama River in Perm region. The main objects on which painting is applied are furniture, doors and walls of the house.

Zhostovo painting -

Painting of metal trays, in which simple compositions of large and small flowers are depicted on a black background. The name of the style comes from the village of Zhostovo, Moscow region. The main items on which painting is applied: various trays.

Mezen (Palaschel) painting -

Painting on wood, in which the unpainted background is covered with an archaic fractional pattern - stars, crosses, dashes. They are painted in two colors: black - “soot” and red - “earth paint”. Traditional elements of Mezen painting are solar disks, rhombuses, crosses. The name of the style comes from the Mezen River, which flows in the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. The main items on which painting is applied are: spinning wheels, ladles, storage boxes, bratins*.

Wood painting, in which Russian themes are depicted on a dark background folk tales or historical events. The name of the style comes from the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo region. The main objects on which painting is applied are: boxes, salt shakers, plates, nesting dolls, panels, brooches.

*Bratina is a type of ladle from which in pre-Petrine times they drank wine during feasts.

Publications in the Traditions section

Mysteries of Russian painting patterns

Have Gzhel dishes always been blue and white, what traditional painting was born after the October Revolution, and why do painted boxes glow? We understand the secrets of folk art crafts.

Golden bowls. Khokhloma painting

The master began work by beating the back of his head - preparing wooden blocks(baklushi) made of linden, aspen or birch. Wooden spoons and ladles, cups and salt shakers were made from them. Dishes not yet decorated with painting were called linen. The linen was primed and dried several times, and then painted in yellow, red and black tones. Popular motifs were floral patterns, flowers, berries, and lace branches. Forest birds on Khokhloma dishes reminded the peasants of the Firebird from Russian fairy tales; they said: “The Firebird flew past the house and touched the bowl with its wing, and the bowl became golden.”.

After applying the design, the product was coated with drying oil two or three times, tin or aluminum powder was rubbed into the surface and dried in an oven. After hardening with heat, they acquired a honey hue and really shone like gold.

At the beginning of the 18th century, dishes began to be brought to the Makaryevskaya Fair, where sellers and buyers from all over Russia gathered. Khokhloma products turned out to be known throughout the country. Since the 19th century, when guests from all over Europe and Asia began to come to the Nizhny Novgorod fair, painted dishes have appeared in many parts of the world. Russian merchants sold products in India and Turkey.

Snow background and blue patterns. Gzhel

Snow background and blue patterns. Gzhel. Photo: rusnardom.ru

Snow background and blue patterns. Gzhel. Photo: gzhel-spb.ru

Snow background and blue patterns. Gzhel. Photo: Sergey Lavrentiev / Lori Photobank

Gzhel clay has been known since the time of Ivan Kalita - since the 14th century. Local craftsmen used it to create “vessels for apothecary needs,” dishes and children’s toys. At the beginning of the 19th century, factories appeared in the Gzhel volost that produced porcelain. The first enterprise here was founded in 1810 by merchant Pavel Kulichkov. At first, painting on porcelain dishes was colored, but mid-19th century, the fashion for blue and white Dutch tiles and Chinese porcelain of the same shades came to Russia. Soon the blue patterns on the snowy background became distinctive feature Gzhel painting.

To check the quality of porcelain, before painting, the product was dipped in magenta, a red aniline paint. The porcelain was painted smooth pink color, and any crack was noticeable on it. The masters painted with cobalt paint - before firing it looks black. Using special techniques, working only with a brush and paint, the artists created more than 20 shades of blue.

Gzhel subjects are lush roses (they were called “agashkas” here), winter landscapes, scenes from folk tales. Children are sledding, Emelya is catching pike in the pond, villagers are celebrating Maslenitsa... After applying the design, the dishes were covered with glaze and fired. Pink products with black patterns took on their traditional look.

Luminous brooches and boxes. Fedoskino lacquer miniature

“When we organized the artel, for seven people we had only one collected works of Pushkin... This largely explains the fact that we wrote most of our miniatures based on Pushkin’s subjects.”
Alexander Kotukhin, miniaturist

In 1932, Palekh artists met with Maxim Gorky, who called Palekh lacquer miniature "one of the miracles created by the October Revolution". At his request, Ivan Golikov painted miniatures for the deluxe edition

It would seem that there is no place left for artistic painting in the pragmatic 21st century, and it can now only be admired in museums. However, it is still Russia You can find thriving workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of various artistic paintings and continue to amaze modern people with their skills.

Zhostovo

Origins Zhostovo painting date back to the early 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), craft workshops arose that were engaged in the production of painted decorative items made of papier-mâché, varnished. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motifs of the painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century with the advent Soviet power the villages were united into the “Metal Tray” artel, and the craftsmen had a hard time when new subjects for drawing, dictated by the then trends of realism, were imposed on them. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and Zhostovo trays moved from the category of household items into decorative panels, which are valued not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the fishery comes from the village of Khokhloma, where they brought finished goods from nearby villages. The founders of this wood painting are called the Old Believers, who fled the new church way of life. It was they who owned the secrets of “golden” painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silver tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of rowan berries, berries, leaves and flowers.

Gzhel

Gzhel called business card Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the Gzhelka River (Gzholka), on which stood the village where the craftsmen lived. Others believe that “Gzhel” is a paraphrase of the word “zhgel”, i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is the “Gzhel Bush”, which consists of 27 villages where they engage in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the design was applied to wet clay, and then again to glaze. The Gzhel crockery industry flourished, because the rich used silverware, and the common people used various types of coarse pottery. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and relevance.

Fedoskino

The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for varnish painting. In the 18th century, near the village there was a Lukutinskaya factory producing lacquer visors for hats. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers began painting products made of papier-mâché and wood with varnish. The amazing glow and shine of boxes and other miniatures was achieved by “through-writing.” This was the name of the technique when, before the actual drawing itself, they applied thin layer gold leaf, mother of pearl. The most popular subjects for drawing are related to the life of ordinary people.

Mezen painting

Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting received its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the masters work dates back to the ancients Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar disks, repeated in a certain sequence.
In Mezen wood painting, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ochre). They mainly apply ornaments to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the design from erasing and gives it additional shine.
Many contemporary artists continue to practice ancient crafts, while adding something of their own. So an artist from Izhevsk First of all, of course, you need an object that you will paint. It could be cutting board, wooden toy, box, stool. You will also need paints. Paint wooden crafts You can use tempera, gouache, oil paints, but now acrylic paints are especially popular. They have a lot of advantages: they dry quickly, do not fade when dry, do not crumble, and the work does not need to be varnished. In addition, the range of acrylic paints is quite large. You will need a primer composition (you can buy it in the same department as paints, or you can make it yourself from water and chalk). Buy a few squirrel or kolinsky brushes different thicknesses, as well as sandpaper with coarse and fine grains. If you don’t know how to draw yet, copy paper will be very useful for you, with which you can transfer the finished drawing to the board.

Workpiece selection and processing

Regardless of what you are going to paint, choose your blank carefully. There should be no noticeable damage such as cracks, chips, or knots. A blank purchased from an art supply store usually does not need to be washed. If there is noticeable dirt, wash the board with a stiff brush, maybe soap solution, and let it dry. If there are noticeable irregularities, level the surface with coarse sandpaper and then sand with fine sandpaper. Apply primer and let the board dry.

Drawing

Drawing is possible. An ordinary pencil fits well on primed wood. You can take finished composition and transfer it to the board using carbon paper. Try to choose patterns with clear outlines and few small details. The subject matter can be different: floral and geometric patterns, landscape, still life, even portrait. Of course, if you are painting an animal figurine or a nesting doll, apply all the necessary details - a muzzle or face, stripes on a cat, a scarf and apron on a nesting doll, etc.

painting

Start painting with the largest details. To do this, choose the widest brush. Apply the paint in an even layer. If you are painting a vertical figure, start applying paint from the top. Acrylic paints can be too thick, then they need to be diluted with water. After the large fields are filled in, let the workpiece dry, and then begin working on the smaller details. Final stage– working out very small details and drawing contours with a very thin brush. If you do not use acrylic paints, but, say, gouache or watercolor, the work will need to be varnished. Colorless parquet varnish In this situation, it is more suitable than others.

4. Fixing with acrylic varnish.

Materials for painting

Basic materials you will need for acrylic painting on wood, this is:

Sandpaper to clean the surface of the wood and to give it a slight roughness. This is done so that the design is applied more accurately and is durable in the future. You will need two types sandpaper: hard and soft. The wood is stripped along the grain.

Brushes for painting on wood

The best brushes for painting on wood are soft brushes of natural origin. Particularly valued are squirrel and kolinsky, and less commonly, sable. However, synthetic brushes are also perfect for acrylic paints.

Before the process, it is important to decide on the appropriate sizes for the brushes, which are indicated by numbers. For beginners, it is recommended to take one large, two medium and one thin small brush.

It is important to remember that all ancient trade paintings originated in the peasant class, in the hands of people to whom the plow and hammer were much more familiar than the brush. And if they could do it, so can you! IN traditional paintings there is no need to draw faces, figures or maintain portrait likeness. The most important thing is to hone the technique of drawing different elements, learn to freely turn the brush in your hands and mix colors. You need to put in a little patience, drawing the same elements over and over again, and in the end you will learn to draw them perfectly! A fairly small number of simple basic elements and their combinations - that's all!

And it is important to understand that if recognized masters different types paintings could be applied without a preliminary drawing, then for us, mere mortals, we can apply the drawing not immediately with paints, but use a pencil, stencil, carbon paper or tracing paper to begin with, but not get too carried away. After all, if you constantly resort to ready-made drawings, the ability to independently fantasize is dulled. Remember, the main thing is to always enjoy the painting process.