Gardening named after Lisavenko. They got up from their knees, or what is really happening in the Lisavenko Research Institute
03 October 1897 - 27 August 1967
Soviet scientist-horticulturist, breeder, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Biography
Mikhail Lisavenko was born in 1897 into the family of a forest worker. After graduating from the gymnasium in Krasnoyarsk in 1917, he entered the Faculty of Law of Tomsk University and at the same time as a volunteer student at the Faculty of History and Philosophy.
In 1919, for family reasons, Lisavenko went to Achinsk. There he works in local branch co-op union and at the same time on our own personal plot begins amateur experiments in plant breeding.
In 1932, Mikhail Lisavenko participated in the first All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Shock Workers in Moscow. Here he was offered to head the stronghold of the Michurin Research Institute in Oirot-Tur (Gorno-Altaisk).
By 1943, the stronghold was transformed into a fruit and berry station, and in 1950 it moved to Barnaul and received the status of the Altai Experimental Horticulture Station.
By 1967, under the leadership of Mikhail Lisavenko, the Altai Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture had several strongholds, four nurseries and an arboretum. The planting area exceeded 600 hectares, and up to 2.5 million seedlings were grown per year.
Mikhail Afanasyevich headed the research work on the selection and study of fruit and berry crops. Based on hybridization, he created new improved varieties with high yields, adapted to Siberian conditions. A total of 128 varieties were bred, including 4 apple varieties, 4 cherry varieties, 48 black currant, 2 - red currants, 20 - gooseberries, 7 - raspberries, 1 - strawberries. Lisavenko was the initiator of the introduction of chokeberry and sea buckthorn into cultivation.
The scientist was elected as a deputy of the Altai Regional and Barnaul Councils for 30 years; was a member of the All-Union and chairman of the regional peace committee.
Mikhail Lisavenko died in 1967.
Awards
- Hero of Socialist Labor (1966)
- Order of Lenin (1957, 1966)
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1945)
- Order of the Badge of Honor (1947, 1950)
- Stalin Prize (1946)
- USSR State Prize (1981 - posthumously)
Hi all!!!
I want to please you and tell you about a very beautiful park, or rather an arboretum located in my city, which is beautiful at any time of the year, but especially, of course, in the spring...
Arboretum Lisavenko M. A.
From Wiki:
Barnaul Arboretum, or Arboretum of the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko, is located in the Mountainous part of Barnaul.
Geographical position
The arboretum is located in the southern part of Barnaul on the territory of the NIISS named after M. A. Lisavenko. It is surrounded on three sides by a ribbon forest, and in the east it faces the high bank of the Ob. Absolute heights in the park range from 190 to 212 m above sea level. The planting area is 10.5 hectares. The location of the arboretum provides good air drainage and also softens autumn and spring frosts. The intersection of the territory with depressions and hills makes it possible to grow plants from different climatic zones.
Story
The founders of the arboretum are the horticultural scientist and breeder M. A. Lisavenko and Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Z. I. Luchnik. The first specimens of trees were planted in the late 1930s in the Altai Mountains. And in 1953, some of them were brought to Barnaul and they began to form an arboretum. Over the years of work here I have been able to experience a large number of plants of both local flora and species from other floristic regions - Europe, North America and Asia. By 1998, the arboretum's collection included more than 1,100 botanical species, hybrids, varieties of trees and shrubs.
Departments of the arboretum
The Barnaul Arboretum is formed according to an ecological-geographical principle and is divided into departments, each of which contains plants from a specific region: the department of hybrids, forms and varieties; flower garden; Far East Department; Department of Central Asia and Kazakhstan; department of the central zone of the European part of Russia; Department of Eastern Siberia; Department Western Siberia; North America Division; trees and shrubs from Japan, China and Korea. The Barnaul arboretum contains 15 varieties of lilac, 24 types of maples, 200 types of roses, forsythia ovate, pedunculate oak, brittle willow, fragrant poplar, chestnuts, elms, lindens, spruce trees, Chinese lemongrass, Manchurian aralia, meadowsweet, mock oranges, and rhododendrons.
Who is Lisavenko M.A.?
Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko(October 3, 1897, the village of Bogotol (now Krasnoyarsk Territory) - August 27, 1967) - Soviet scientist-horticulturist, breeder, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
Biography
Mikhail Lisavenko was born in 1897 into the family of a forest worker. After graduating from the gymnasium in Krasnoyarsk in 1917, he entered the Faculty of Law of Tomsk University and at the same time as a volunteer student at the Faculty of History and Philosophy. In 1919, for family reasons, Lisavenko went to Achinsk. There he works in the local branch of the cooperative union and at the same time begins amateur experiments in plant breeding on his plot. In 1932, Mikhail Lisavenko participated in the first All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Shock Workers in Moscow. Here he was offered to head the stronghold of the Michurin Research Institute in Oirot-Tur (Gorno-Altaisk). By 1943, the stronghold was transformed into a fruit and berry station, and in 1950 it moved to Barnaul and received the status of the Altai Experimental Horticulture Station. By 1967, under the leadership of Mikhail Lisavenko, the Altai Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture had several strongholds, four nurseries and an arboretum. The planting area exceeded 600 hectares, and up to 2.5 million seedlings were grown per year. Mikhail Afanasyevich headed the research work on the selection and study of fruit and berry crops. Based on hybridization, he created new improved varieties with high yields, adapted to Siberian conditions. A total of 128 varieties were bred, including 4 varieties of apple, 4 of cherry, 48 of black currant, 2 of red currant, 20 of gooseberry, 7 of raspberry, 1 of strawberry. Lisavenko was the initiator of the introduction of chokeberry and sea buckthorn into cultivation. Lisavenko owns more than 300 published scientific works, including “Gardening”, “Siberian Garden”, “Fruit Growing of Siberia”. The scientist was elected as a deputy of the Altai Regional and Barnaul Councils for 30 years; was a member of the All-Union and chairman of the regional peace committee. Mikhail Lisavenko died in 1967.
Awards
Hero of Socialist Labor (1966)
Order of Lenin (1957, 1966)
Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1945)
Order of the Badge of Honor (1947, 1950)
Stalin Prize (1946)
USSR State Prize (1981 - posthumously)
And finally the most delicious (all photos are clickable):
Yuri Zubarev about the arboretum, the reorganization of the Lisavenko Research Institute and why the institute is of great interest in the West
Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after Lisavenko in Barnaul in recent months attracts close attention. There are several reasons. First: the institute is undergoing reorganization. Recently he stopped being independent organization and entered as a department into the "Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies" (hereinafter FANCA - approx. editorial staff). Second: rumors that part of the institute’s land will be used for the construction of luxury residential buildings. In addition, a reader recently contacted the editors of the portal site and reported that the arboretum, beloved by the townspeople, was “falling into disrepair.” We decided to find out how the institute lives now and what is really happening there. Deputy Director of FANCA, Head of Department of the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko Yuri Zubarev answered all our questions in detail.
"I got up from my knees"
Yuri Zubarev: Desolation? So did your reader decide? Well of course not! In fact, the Lisavenko Institute is currently at a stage of noticeable growth. Over the past two years, our institute has simply risen from its knees and began to actively develop. This partly applies to the arboretum. We put things in order there: the entire route was cleared, there were normal paths, well-groomed trees. Although, of course, there are always a number of dissatisfied people who think that everything is wrong: the trash cans are overflowing, the paths are not properly cleaned, the queues are long, or something else. It is clear that there is still work to be done, but positive changes are evident.
Correspondent: What did you mean when you said that the institute is at a stage of noticeable growth?
Yu.Z.: The Institute of Horticulture is not only an arboretum. The institute’s production and sales are no less popular planting material fruit, berry and ornamental crops. So, as for our production sector, over the past two years we have improved very well. Through serious efforts on the part of the team, we managed to level out our financial condition. It is known that the institute has Lately There were quite serious problems: large debts had accumulated due to the low efficiency of the production sector. However, at the end of 2016, for the first time in our entire history, recent history our institution received a profit, and a very tangible one. We were able to close part of the debt to state funds and our suppliers, reducing the debt burden by 6 million rubles. We managed to provide a stable payment wages, even during difficult periods of the off-season, which helped to raise morale in the team.
Corr.: How did you manage to do this?
Yu.Z.: At the beginning of 2016, our main goal was to get out of a difficult financial situation. Due to unpopular methods related to optimization production process By maximizing cost reduction, we were able to increase labor productivity. The initial plans to reach at least zero by the end of the year through the titanic efforts of the team exceeded all expectations, and, as a result, a profit was made. Without a doubt, this is the merit of the entire team.
This year we realized that we cannot live for long without investing in development, and for the first time in many years we began to plant plantations, although this is very difficult for scientific institutions from a financial point of view. The fact is that the federal center does not allocate subsidies to scientific institutes for planting and caring for perennial plantings. The regional budget also does not participate in this support in any way. We did everything at our own expense. Sea buckthorn and honeysuckle plantations were established within 10 hectares for the purpose of long-term development. Before this, the institute had not established industrial plantations for ten years!
Photo: Ekaterina Smolikhina / website
We also invested serious means into the irrigation system, realizing that nursery farming without irrigation is a dead-end branch of development. We laid out several areas with drip irrigation. More attention began to devote attention to field cultivation.
We managed to maintain production volumes of planting material, and we began to look for new wholesale buyers. If previously our main clients were foreign partners, now last years We are expanding our activities in the Siberian region, developing indoor gardening. The annual sales volume of planting material for berry crops alone reaches 500 thousand pieces.
Interest from the West
Corr.: Do you continue to cooperate with foreign countries?
Yu.Z.: Undoubtedly. I must say that our Institute, of all the scientific institutions related to agriculture in the region, is one of the most active participants in terms of international contacts. We have established both scientific and industrial contacts with a large number of institutions in different countries Worldwide.
Of course, the main interest of international partners is related to the genetic material that is in our collections. In general, the Institute of Horticulture of Siberia is positioned primarily as a breeding institute aimed at creating varieties suitable for cultivation in extreme climatic conditions. And it is clear that varieties that can withstand the extreme conditions of Siberia can be quite successfully cultivated in a milder climate.
Therefore, the interest in our cultures is very great. These are primarily China and Mongolia, as well as Moldova, Bulgaria, Germany, Great Britain, Romania, Greece, Canada, Finland, Japan and a number of other countries. It is clear that there are scientific interests behind this. That is, foreign scientific institutes are also interested in taking planting material from us and trying to adapt it to their conditions. We often exchange researchers with foreign institutions.
Photo: Ekaterina Smolikhina / website
Corr.: And what is of particular interest to foreign colleagues?
Yu.Z.: Mostly berry growers. Still, fruit trees grow better in the south. And in berry crops we have simply outstanding achievements. The main interest, of course, is sea buckthorn and, more recently, honeysuckle. In general, our institute is the largest center for work related to sea buckthorn breeding in Russia, and perhaps even in the world. And without a doubt, the sea buckthorn varieties of our institute are the most popular and, as a result, the most widespread throughout the world.
About new varieties
Corr.: Is work on new varieties also continuing?
Yu.Z.: Without any doubt! Scientific topics continue to develop, despite certain difficulties. I am sure that in the near future the evaluation criteria scientific activity related to applied research, will change and the state will again begin to be interested in the real achievements of institutions, and not just the number of articles in journals. And that’s why we don’t stop breeding projects. Our institute has a rich collection of hybrid material for all breeds, which cannot be lost.
You must understand that the labor intensity of work in gardening is much higher than, for example, in field farming. A large amount of manual labor, the need for additional costs for the protection of plantings - everything leaves its mark on the efficiency of our business. Everything is quite difficult. Sometimes it can be very disappointing when the results of many years of work of breeders are simply taken out of the fields in an unknown direction.
Corr.: It’s true, it’s a pity for such work. Where can you get acquainted with the new varieties that the institute produces?
Yu.Z.: Every year, the institute’s breeders create from three to five varieties of fruit, berry and ornamental crops. Employees constantly publish information on new achievements in scientific and popular science publications. However, we should immediately make a reservation that if there is information somewhere that the institute has bred a new variety, this does not mean at all that it has already appeared on sale. A significant period of time passes from the creation of a variety to its mass distribution - on average five to seven years for berry crops and sometimes longer for fruit crops. The fact is that for mass sales it is necessary to lay down production queen cells, and this, of course, takes some time.
Photo: Ekaterina Smolikhina / website
Corr.: Having such achievements and such fame, the institute probably has good budget support...
Yu.Z.: Unfortunately, not entirely true. We have very modest budget funding, which, by the way, is being reduced every year. This funding covers only part of the costs of scientific development. Of course, all this ultimately affects the motivation of employees and the quality of work. We are trying to retain the team, but, unfortunately, the level of wages is still extremely low and completely unworthy of the work that is being done. However, this situation is not only in our institute - it is typical for most institutes of the former Russian Agricultural Academy.
Young and strong-willed
Corr.: Such titanic work and low salaries. Do people work on sheer enthusiasm?
Yu.Z.: To be honest, I wouldn't use such terms. In fact, we are trying to create conditions under which employees can earn more. In parallel with selection work an employee can be involved in implementation, can produce planting material of his own varieties, can participate in economic contractual matters, and so on. In other words, if a person wants to earn more, then he has real opportunities. But it is clear that these are already extra-budgetary funds.
Corr.: And who are your employees? What are they?
Yu.Z.: Today we employ about 180 people. Half of them are in the scientific department, half in the production department. A few years ago, these were relatively disparate departments with their own priorities and tasks. Some were engaged only in science, others only in production. Over the past two years, we have been able to consolidate the efforts of the team to accomplish a common task, as a result of which not only the effectiveness and efficiency of production has increased, but also mutual understanding within the team and support for each other has increased.
We have a very young team. More than half of our institute’s employees are under 39 years of age. And these are very promising guys and girls. They come mainly from agricultural and classical universities. But our selection is very strict. In this regard, a very strong team - creative, self-sufficient, partly freedom-loving, but with high level responsibility - everyone works with dedication, there is no need to push anyone. I can definitely say that you will not find such a close-knit and friendly team as ours anywhere.
Photo: Ekaterina Smolikhina / website
Recent history
Corr.: And from September 2017, the institute begins a different story...
Yu.Z.: Yes. Since September 2017, the institute began a completely different story. We were in a long process of reorganization aimed at merging several institutes into one large scientific center. Since October 5, 2017, our institute has become a department of the Federal Altai Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies. That is, we still have the name of the institute, but how entity we ceased to exist.
Corr.: What will change in the life of the institute and the team?
Yu.Z.: Very complex issue. If we say that for the majority of employees everything will remain as before, then this will probably not be entirely true. We are realists and understand that there will still be changes.
During the first month, all sorts of things happened under the sign of FANZ. But this is, in principle, normal: any change can never go smoothly. In fact, it is difficult to immediately adapt to new conditions when six institutes merge into one large organization. There is a lot of work ahead. A lot depends on competent management decisions.
Photo: Ekaterina Smolikhina / website
Corr.: Some social activists sounded the alarm, assuring that allegedly part of the institute’s lands will be transferred for the construction of elite residential buildings.
Yu.Z.: Yes, indeed, this is a hot topic. But more than once, both I personally and the head of our new organization Garkusha Alexey Anatolyevich explained and officially stated that there would be no sale of land. Moreover, this issue is not even discussed at all either at the Institute or at the Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations as our main structure. Where the rumors come from is anyone's guess.
Corr.: Yuri Anatolyevich, are there any plans to develop the arboretum? Still, a very popular place, known far beyond Barnaul...
Yu.Z.: Objectively speaking, we do not yet have a significant amount of our own funds to invest in the arboretum. The main task at this stage is to maintain the existing level. However, we are open to dialogue with potential investors or simply generous sponsors regarding the implementation of new interesting ideas and projects in relation to this object. However, we must understand that the arboretum is not an ordinary amusement park, it has a different energy, a different mood. Need some original idea, something warm and soulful. After all, the arboretum is, without any exaggeration, a unique place!
Related materials
Lisavenko Mikhail Afanasyevich: at the origins of Siberian scientific selection
(3.10.1897 - 27.08.1967)
Born in the village. Bogotol, Krasnoyarsk region. A famous scientist-gardener, one of the organizers of scientific gardening in Siberia. Hero of Socialist Labor, twice laureate of the State Prize (1946, 1981). Doctor of Agricultural Sciences (1949), professor (1951), academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1956). Graduated from the Faculty of Law of Tomsk University. Organizer and director of the Altai Fruit and Berry Experimental Station (now the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko), who worked as its director from the establishment of the institution (1933) until his death (1967). He made a great contribution to the formation of the team, equipping the station with equipment, personally participating in the establishment of the first gardens and berry fields, in numerous expeditions, the purpose of which was to collect original source material for selection.
Leader and initiator of the development of breeding programs for apple and berry crops. For the first time in the world, under the leadership of M.A. Lisavenko and with his direct participation, a large-scale breeding program for black currants was carried out, involving genetically and geographically distant initial forms. One of the authors of 30 blackcurrant varieties, of which the most widely zoned Golubka, Altai dessert, Stakhanovka Altai and etc.; 18 varieties of gooseberries ( Lollipop, Michurinets etc.), 30 varieties of apple trees ( Altai dove, Altai dessert, Gornoaltaiskoe, Altai pepinka and etc.). In total, 105 varieties of 8 breeds were created with the participation of M. A. Lisavenko. He has published more than 300 scientific papers, including 6 books. Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner of Labor, 3 Orders of the Badge of Honor, 2 VDNKh medals, Gold Medal named after I.V. Michurin.
Op.: Siberian garden. M: Sedkhozgiz. 1939: Fruit growing in Siberia.- Novosibirsk 1941. Issues of Siberian gardening.- Novosibirsk 1958. Literature: Dvortsov N. A man of a big heart.- Barnaul: Alt. book publishing house 1971.
Source: Gardeners and scientists of Russia. VNIISPK. Eagle. 1997.
Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko
Curriculum Vitae
Mikhail Afanasyevich was born on October 3, 1897 in the Bogotol plant of the former Tomsk province. In 1917, Mikhail Afanasyevich entered Tomsk University at the Faculty of Law and as a student at the Faculty of History and Philology, wanting to receive broad general educational training. Having left his studies in 1919 due to financial and family circumstances, he lived in Achinsk with his parents, on whose estate he began his experiments in gardening, and from that time on, the idea of Siberian gardening took possession of him more and more.
First there were the first apples on wild Siberian apple trees, cherries and strawberries, press attention to his garden, the first excursions from the villages, appearances in the press. In 1932, at the first All-Union meeting of collective farmers-experiments, organized by the editors of the Peasant Newspaper in Moscow, a radical change occurred in the life and work of the self-taught breeder. M. A. Lisavenko’s report on the prospects for Siberian gardening evoked a warm response from the delegates and the editors, who immediately invited him to go to Altai in the Oirot Autonomous Republic, “to plant gardening there.” M. A. Lisavenko came to Oirotia in 1933, became an experimental gardener, then made his first expedition trip to Altai to collect breeding material. This was followed by consolidation land plot in the today famous Tatanakovsky Log near the regional center. Not everything went well at first; not all leaders supported the scientist. But the first secretary of the West Siberian Territory, R.I. Eikhe, welcomed any undertakings of Siberian gardeners.
A significant meeting for M. A. Lisavenko was his meeting with I. V. Michurin. The world-famous scientist was in awe of the first steps of the gardener-breeder in Altai. Of the seeds brought by Mikhail Afanasyevich, he was most interested in the varieties of Altai onions. Saying goodbye and presenting his portrait, I. V. Michurin admonished M. A. Lisavenko with the words: “Go ahead! Know how to stand up for your cause!” In the last days of his life, Ivan Vladimirovich did not forget about Altai, saying: “Today in Rybnoye, tomorrow- in Altai. What kind of gardens there will be, how they will live!”
In 1934-1936. work was in full swing in the Tatanakovsky ravine: the first seedlings of apple trees, currants, etc. were planted on four hectares. And in 1937, the Altai gardening center was nominated as a candidate for the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition.
M. A. Lisavenko was especially fond of the Altai Mountains. Every year he and his employees traveled through the mountains and valleys, looking for interesting plants that could be introduced into culture. So, they brought currants from the mountains and used them in experimental work, which the Altaians called “kazyrga”,- black sorrel, large quantities ornamental shrubs, trees and flowers. Mikhail Afanasyevich himself bred decorative apple trees with red leaves, red flowers and small red apples for landscaping our cities. His romantic nature is evidenced by his searches in the Altai Mountains for the “blue light”, a variety of fry from the Trolius family, which, according to the Altai people, grows near the eternal snow. Lisavenko found the “Blue Light” or “Blue Bird”. The famous Siberian poet Ignatius Rozhdestvensky wrote poems dedicated to M.A. Lisavenko, which he called “Blue Light”.
Thanks to the persistence and organizational skills of Mikhail Afanasyevich, the small stronghold in Gorno-Altaisk quickly expanded its work and already in 1943 it was transformed into the Altai fruit and berry experimental station, and Gorno-Altaisk began to attract everyone’s attention more workers of science and Agriculture. In 1949, the station was relocated to Barnaul, becoming the Altai Experimental Horticulture Station, and in fact- All-Siberian research center, where, under the leadership of its founder M.A. Lisavenko, not only new varieties of fruit, berry, flower, and ornamental crops were created, zoned, and distributed, but also a unique scientific school outstanding scientific breeders and practitioners. In 1961, the Altai Horticulture Experimental Station became a participant in the international horticultural exhibition in Erfurt (GDR), where it was awarded a Diploma of Honor, two gold medals for pome fruits and sea buckthorn, and one silver medal- for grapes. In 1969, apples, sea buckthorn on branches, chokeberries, raspberry compote, and sea buckthorn jam were sent to the international horticultural exhibition in Erfurt.
In the 1960s total area under gardens in the Altai Territory amounted to 16.1 thousand hectares, including 2.5 thousand hectares of household and collective gardens. The range of scientific problems that the station solved under the leadership of M. A. Lisavenko was very diverse: the development of new highly productive, winter-hardy and immune varieties of fruit and berry crops with fruits High Quality; chemical and technological assessment of Siberian fruits and berries; comparative study in various ways soil content in an apple orchard in the forest-steppe zone; study of the biological and physiological basis of growth and fruiting; study of the production and economic efficiency of horticulture in the Altai Territory, etc. All the best that was bred in experimental plots was transferred to nurseries for propagation and became the property of Siberian gardeners. Tens of millions of seedlings of fruit, berry and ornamental plants have been transferred to production over the years. Every year hundreds of letters, telegrams, parcels, literature were sent to various parts of our country. Every day, especially in spring and autumn, people from various places and left, taking with them a precious cargo of seedlings, cuttings, seeds and rich experience of a new business. The expression “buy from Lisavenko” will continue to exist among people for a long time.
Gardeners of the Altai Mountains worked under the unflagging attention of M.A. Lisavenko; Romanovsky, Shipunovsky, Blagoveshchensky, Rodinsky and other districts Altai Territory. With his support, wonderful gardening masters grew up: I.V. Ukrainsky, P.I. Voronkov, R.O. Shukis, I.A. Bykov, N.I. Kravtsova, I.A. Kukarsky, N.N. Tikhonov, Z.I. Archer, Z. S. Zotova, I. P. Kalinina, V. S. Putov, Yu. D. Bury, A. A. Semenov, I. V. Vereshchagina, E. I. Panteleeva, etc.
The notebooks of M. A. Lisavenko, stored in the Central Academy of Arts of the AK, are witnesses to the events that happened to their author. They capture the results of scientific sessions, meetings, exhibitions, diaries of trips around Altai, field notes; applications for the sale of seedlings, fruits and berries and meetings with wonderful people, whose friendship Mikhail Afanasyevich was very proud of. Among them- the outstanding scientist N.I. Vavilov, who spent the whole day with Lisavenko in Oirot-Tur in 1936 and became very interested in his “modest work.” But the most important characters in Lisavenko’s letters, notes and notebooks were the enthusiasts of Siberian gardens, who selflessly and disinterestedly fulfilled the dream of many generations to turn Siberia into blooming garden. Almost not a single scientific meeting devoted to the problems of horticulture, where Mikhail Afanasyevich always gave bright reports, was complete without examples telling about outstanding and little-known master gardeners. This is F. M. Grinko (collective farm named after Molotov, Shipunovsky district); Voronkov (collective farm named after Stalin, Elikmonarsky district, Altai Territory); Pilipenko (collective farm “Verny Trud”, Minusinsk district, Krasnoyarsk Territory); Lukashov (collective farm named after Michurin, Altai region); Kornienko (Krasnoflotets collective farm, Loktevsky district); A.K. Zakharov, an old honored railway driver who accepted Active participation in the landscaping of the steppe city of Rubtsovsk; N.P. Smirnov and his famous garden on the shore of Lake Teletskoye and many others. "About them,- Mikhail Afanasyevich said,- one could write entire heroic poems.” Lisavenko always emphasized that Siberians, amateur and experienced gardeners were consistent successors of the methodology of I.V. Michurin, who called “not to transfer the south to the north, but to create a local original assortment on a biological basis, sharply different from the same assortment of the old regions fruit growing."
The great merit of M. A. Lisavenko, his students and gardeners of Altai was not only the development of new varieties of fruits and berries in Siberia, but also the development and promotion of collective and home gardening, the introduction and selection of ornamental and flower crops, as well as their use in food and pharmaceutical industries.
In 1967, the fruit and berry experimental station was named after M. A. Lisavenko, and in 1973 it was transformed into the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia.
Today, the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia named after. M. A. Lisavenko coordinates research and experimental institutions for horticulture in Siberia, the Urals, and the Far East, and has close contacts with scientific institutions in the near and far abroad. For the first time in the world, sea buckthorn was introduced into culture here, the triumphal procession of which takes place where it is allowed. natural conditions. Suffice it to say that in China alone, about 1 million hectares are allocated for it, while in Altai- 400 thousand hectares, and the Chinese are seriously interested in introducing the latest, most medicinal and large-fruited varieties, bred by breeders of the Institute. Lisavenko.
M. A. Lisavenko in his work was not limited to only fruit and berry plants. He and his team worked with vegetables, grains, and subtropical crops. Altai varieties of potatoes and onions were bred. During the Great Patriotic War The Altai Experimental Horticulture Station dealt with medicinal herbs, seed production of corn, and perennial herbs.
Widespread work with ornamental plants, whose homeland is Central Asia, the Caucasus, Far East, China, Canada and other regions. Blue spruces and Ledebur willow from the Altai Mountains, Chinese lemongrass and Amur grapes, pyramidal poplar and Manchurian walnut, Mongolian oak and Daurian larch today decorate the streets of Altai cities. A student of Mikhail Afanasyevich and the daughter of the famous Altai researcher V.I. Vereshchagin, Irina Viktorovna, noted in her memoirs that M.A. Lisavenko “knew how to foresee and correctly solve cardinal issues.” Thanks to him, Altai varieties of currants, sea buckthorn, chokeberry “conquered Europe”, and near Leningrad, from frost-resistant varieties Altai apple trees a “reserve garden” was established.
People like M.A. Lisavenko are talented in many areas of activity. An excellent organizer of his business, an outstanding scientist, he managed to create a friendly, creative team, lay down traditions that live today, allowing the Horticulture Research Institute to solve complex problems.
Correspondence with writers L. Leonov and M. Shaginyan, A. Koptelov, N. Dvortsov, gardeners A. Zhebrovskaya, V. Putov, social activity as chairman of the Altai Peace Committee, teaching activities at the Altai Agricultural Institute reveal M. A. Lisavenko as a person who deeply loves his Motherland, its unique nature and working people. Like any major public figure, he was a man of varied interests, loved literature and art, and in his youth even wrote poetry. All his life he fought to preserve the beauty of nature for people, so that holiday homes, pioneer camps, and tourist centers would be built in the best corners of Altai.
After the death of M.A. Lisavenko in the 70s. XX century On the basis of the Altai Experimental Station, and then the Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia, Lisavenkovsky readings began to be held, dedicated to the memory of the academician. Since 1976, they have grown into republican scientific and practical conferences, international symposia, where scientists and practicing gardeners from all over the USSR and abroad made presentations on issues of selection, agricultural technology and fruiting of fruit, berry and ornamental crops. Even during the life of M.A. Lisavenko, arboretums began to be created in Altai schools, and this Altai initiative was taken up in Russia.
In his autobiography, Mikhail Afanasyevich once wrote: “Looking back, right up to the memories of a far from joyful childhood, I can say that gardening for me is a kind of creative calling. As a child I never saw an orchard- native Siberian (great-grandfather- exiled serf from the Voronezh province), I had no idea about fruit tree, and yet my favorite reading as a child was an old book by an unnamed author that came to me from somewhere unknown. Orchard", which began with a magnificent epigraph from the Bible. I read and re-read this book an infinite number of times; obviously, it seemed to me like some kind of delightful fairy tale. This book still occupies a place of honor in my library. My favorite pastime as a child was to sow and grow...”
With a group of devotees like him, M. A. Lisavenko created a miracle and left behind not only a flourishing beautiful garden, “the pearl of Siberian gardening,” but also a school that will live forever and allow gardens to bloom everywhere.
Source: Maltseva T. G. 110 years since the birth of the scientist-gardener M. A. Lisavenko (1897-1967) // Calendar of significant and memorable dates. 2007. Barnaul, 2006. p. 43-48).
Source: akunb.altlib.ru
85 years ago, the star of gardener M. A. Lisavenko rose in Siberia
By 1930, Siberian experienced gardeners had raised in their midst a new generation of gardeners - M.A. Lisavenko, an educated man with a strong mind and a warm heart. He became the protector and organizer of gardening in Siberia for the coming decades.
In Siberia, industry developed rapidly and the population grew. According to the plans of Z. A. Metlitsky and V. V. Arnautov, fruits had to be imported to Siberia, and the first two state farms had to be founded in 1937-38. 32-year-old Mikhail Lisavenko boldly entered into controversy with them. His large article was published in the magazine “Garden and Vegetable Garden” No. 11-12 for 1930, summarizing the experience of amateur gardeners over 40 years. He wrote:
“I saw enormous prospects for Siberian gardening. I wanted to bring maximum benefit to society from my experience, from the experience of old Siberian gardeners.” M. A. Lisavenko
“We must not miss the opportunities and prospects of great Siberia, which seems like terra incognita for most of our Russian fruit growers.” He described in detail the successes of the Siberian Michurins in each breed, mentioned fruit exhibitions in the cities of Siberia, starting from the time of N.F. Kashchenko, and especially focused on berry gardens, the most profitable in the harsh climate. He wrote: “In recent years, berries have become a luxury in the cities of Siberia. We are seeing ugly phenomena like Omsk importing garden currants from Samara, which are immeasurably worse in quality than wild Siberian currants. Currants and raspberries, strawberries, gooseberries and sea buckthorn should find a place for themselves in powerful state garden farms Siberia. Without exaggerating, we can say that fruit growing in Siberia should be one of the profitable agricultural sectors. Siberian coal, ore, and Siberian wheat have achieved their recognition. Turn your face to Siberia in the matter of fruit and berry construction!”
“He knows how to speak, but is he good for business?” thought Uritsky and Pantyukhov in the Peasant Newspaper and summoned the daredevil to Moscow in December 1932 for a congress of experimental collective farmers. “This one will do!” - the editors gave their assessment and suggested that he organize a fruit growing stronghold in Altai. “Without hesitation, I agreed,” Lisavenko recalled, and began to promote Michurin’s ideas.
Z. A. Metlitsky wrote on December 6, 1960 to Mikhail Afanasyevich: “We did not know Siberian gardening, but you were confident in it and now showed everyone how to work. We are proud of you and learn from you.”
M.A. Lisavenko recalled: “I imagined enormous prospects for Siberian gardening. I wanted to bring maximum benefit to society from my experience, from the experience of old Siberian gardeners.”
Let us remember our pioneers and the brave young man who led the movement for gardens in Siberia at a turning point.
O. A. Baranova , NIISS im. M. A. Lisavenko, Barnaul
How a tireless scientist “introduced” gardening to the region
Still from a film about a scientist
The history of a country, region, city is created by people. On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the Altai Territory, POLITSIBRU decided to talk about those who made a great contribution to the development of Altai, but are not remembered as often as they deserve.
Sea buckthorn, honeysuckle, viburnum, chokeberry - berries that, it seems, have always been in our gardens. And you can’t even imagine without apple trees garden plot. But they took root in Altai thanks to the great work of a modest and dedicated man - Academician Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko.
Where “there were only stones in the mountains,” now everything is blooming. Mikhail Afanasyevich led the guests up the mountain, through the garden, where apple and pear trees grow in rows, a vineyard curls up, on the other side there is a sea of berries - strawberries, raspberries, currants. The garden is surrounded by poplars, and maples grow between them. Along the road there is a Kurai willow, a Manchurian walnut, roses are blooming, and there are cannas and dahlias in the flower beds. The guests were surprised.
"Miracle! A real miracle!<..>And you, Mikhail Afanasyevich, are a sorcerer! Wizard!” they exclaimed. And Lisavenko just smiled embarrassedly: “No miracle, just hard work.” This is how the writer Afanasy Koptelov talks about the main gardener of Siberia in his essay “The Altai Magician”.
“Our people didn’t believe: “How come, floating, did you invent apples? Potatoes are the Siberian apple!” said Lisavenko. Few people believed then in the prospects of Siberian gardening.
1. Mikhail Lisavenko plants an apple tree in his first garden, 1929
Mikhail Afanasyevich was born in 1897, grew up in Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory. His mother loved to tinker in the garden, with her the future Michurin resident went into the forest, dragging wild currants, raspberries and bird cherry into his first garden. As a child, Misha loved flowers and poetry. He had read about orchards and knew about them only from books.
“Sometimes rosy, fragrant apples were brought from beyond the Urals. Lisavenko has not seen how they grow. I only read from the poet: ... like smoke from white apple trees. I thought: “This is about flowers. What are they like? Probably very small, if they look like smoke? What do they smell like? You have to think the same way as ripe apples. Oh, if only there was this apple tree smoke all over Siberia, all the cities and villages!” Koptelov says in the essay.
2. Home garden Mikhail Lisavenko, birch alley, Achinsk, 1932
In 1933, as a follower of the great Michurin, Lisavenko moved to Altai. The Chuya tract was just being built, and from Biysk Lisavenko rode on horseback and carried irises and gladioli bulbs in his bosom, protecting them from frost. Mikhail Afanasyevich organized an experimental horticulture station in Gorno-Altaisk, which was later transformed into the Siberian Horticulture Research Institute. Moreover, the city itself was then big village no trees or sidewalks. Lisavenko rented a room and filled it all with boxes of seedlings. Then people began to talk in the city that an eccentric had come to plant gardens.
“We lived in the mountains for a century, we didn’t know any apples, but now we need apples...” the neighbors whispered. But soon Mikhail Afanasyevich found himself assistants - city Komsomol members. Together they greened the city and its surroundings.
3. Mikhail Afanasyevich at a strong point. Collection of ranetki, 1939
Then several years were spent collecting seedling collections and expeditions to remote corners of Altai. The City Council met the future academician halfway and allocated one hundred hectares to the Michurin stronghold. Mikhail Afanasyevich did not even imagine then that in ten years he would already have 830 hectares and several nurseries in the Altai Territory.
The academician’s main creative quest is, of course, apple trees. Walking through the apple orchard, Mikhail Afanasyevich touched the leaves of one or another tree, as if shaking hands with them. My the best apple tree he named it in honor of the city near which he bred it - an apple tree of the Gorno-Altaisk variety. “Gornoaltaika” has received recognition from all Siberian gardeners.
4. 1946
In 1949, the Altai fruit and berry experimental station was relocated to Barnaul. The news that Mikhail Afanasyevich was moving to Barnaul seemed incredible to his colleagues. It was difficult to imagine Gorno-Altaisk without Lisavenko.
“It’s not easy to leave. And we need to move. It's necessary for business. From the Altai Mountains, we can say we took everything that could be introduced into culture. In Barnaul we will have more space,” said the academician. The scientist really went wild in the open air - under his leadership, 128 varieties of 11 crops were bred. Gardening began to develop by leaps and bounds.
5. Academician Lisavenko analyzing hybrid forms of apple trees, 1950s
6. Mikhail Afanasyevich at home with his dog Rex, 1956
On August 27, 1967, Mikhail Afanasyevich passed away. In the same year, the fruit and berry experimental station was named after him, and in 1973 it was transformed into the Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture of Siberia (NIISS).
After the death of the scientist, the Lisavenkov Readings, dedicated to the memory of the academician, began to be held at NIISS. During his lifetime, on his initiative, arboretums began to be created in schools in Altai, and then throughout the country.
The tireless scientist Mikhail Afanasyevich Lisavenko performed a real miracle on Altai soil. He grew a blooming garden on bare rocks, created a friendly team of scientists, and laid the foundations and traditions of Siberian gardening that live to this day.
