Tatar Russian dictionary online. Russian-Tatar complete educational dictionary
Tatar alphabet|Tatar letters
The Tatar alphabet consists of 39 letters.
Introduction and practical tasks for the child.
A a Ә ә B b C c d D d E e Ё ё Ж Җ җ З з И и й й К к к Лл М m Н Ңң О о Ө ө P p R r S s T t U y Y ү F f X x Һ һ Ts c Ch h Sh w Sh q q y y y y
It includes 33 letters of the Russian alphabet and 6 additional letters: Ә ә, Ө ө, Ү ү, Җ җ, Ң ң, Һ һ
This order of letters in the alphabet was fixed in January 1997 by the Resolution of the State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan.
Sounds denoted by additional letters of the Tatar alphabet
Ә ә, Ө ө, Ү ү, Җ җ, Ң ң, Һ һ
[ә] = [æ] – this sound can otherwise be designated as [’’a], that is, a very soft [a]. It is close to Russian ['a] in the words 'sit', 'look', 'row'. When pronouncing [''a], lower the tip of your tongue to your lower teeth and you will get the sound [æ].
Ani – mother
әti – dad
әйдә – come on
әiber – thing
[ү] = [ü] – soft and more rounded [’у]. A sound close to it is found in the Russian words ‘bale’, ‘ditch’, ‘lute’. Pronounce these words, giving ['u] an even greater rounding (roll your lips into a tube), and you will approximately get the desired sound.
үрдәк – duck
үrnәk sample
Uzem - myself
uzәk – center
[ө] = [ә:°] – this vowel sound presents the greatest difficulty for the Russian-speaking reader. The closest version of the Tatar [ө] can be found in the words ‘maple’, ‘honey’, ‘Peter’. But in the Tatar language [ө] is short, and Russian [’о] is found only under stress. Try to pronounce these Russian words as briefly as possible and with more pronunciation, and you will be close to the desired sound. He looks like a frequent English language sound: bird, work. But English sound lacks roundness.
өс – top
өstәl – table
[җ] – this sound is also often found in English, and in borrowings from English in Russian it is expressed by the letter combination j: ‘jumper’, ‘Jack’. Tatar borrowings are also formalized: jilyan - җilyan, Jalil - Җәlil. The sound [zh] in Russian is always hard, but forming a soft version from it is usually not difficult for a Russian-speaking reader. It should be noted that hard [zh] is also uncharacteristic for the Tatar language, as [’zh] is for Russian. Therefore, as a rule, mixing of these sounds does not occur.
җavap is the answer
han – soul
Gil – wind
Hyr – song
[ң] is a nasal sound produced by a small tongue. The closest sound combination in the Russian language can be considered the sound combination [ng] in the word ‘gong’ when pronounced through the nose. This sound is often found in French: jardin, bien, chien [òjeŋ]. It has been noticed that mastering this sound with the help of a teacher-consultant is not at all difficult. And if you have the opportunity to check your pronunciation, do not neglect this opportunity.
yana – new
ң – right
yangyr – rain
mon – chant
[һ] = [һ] – pharyngeal sound. It is formed in the pharynx and is pronounced with aspiration. There is a sound close to it in the English language: hat, hand, hare. In Russian, the closest sound can be considered [x] in the words robe, chill, if pronounced without a guttural sound. It must be remembered that Tatar [һ] is of more posterior, pharyngeal origin.
Khava – air
һәykәl – monument
һөнәр – profession
һөҗүм – attack
Lessons. Pronunciation of letters
Tatar alphabet by letter with pronunciation
Tatar writing is the writing of the Tatar language. Used at different times different systems letters:
Arabic script - until 1927; the few Tatars of China still use Arabic writing today
Latin - in 1927-1939; attempts were made to revive the Latin alphabet at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries; Tatars of Turkey, Finland, Czech Republic, Poland, USA and Australia currently use the Tatar Latin alphabet
Cyrillic - from 1939 to the present; baptized Tatars have used the Cyrillic alphabet since the 19th century.
State Council Republic of Tatarstan adopted Law 1-ZRT “On the use of the Tatar language as state language Republic of Tatarstan" (December 24, 2012.)
According to the law, the Cyrillic alphabet remains the official alphabet, but it has become acceptable to use the Latin and Arabic alphabet when citizens contact government agencies and the Latin alphabet when transliterating. In official replies government agencies Cyrillic is used, but the possibility of duplicating Cyrillic text in Latin or Arabic is provided.
The correspondence of Cyrillic letters with Latin and Arabic letters is indicated in the appendix to the law.
TATAR LANGUAGE IN A PHRASEBOOK!
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Ruscha-tatarcha soylәshmalek! Russian-Tatar phrasebook!
Meeting. Greetings. Acquaintance
Hello! Isanmesez!
Welcome, dear guests! Rahim itegez (khush kildegez), kaderle kunaklar!
Bezga kunaklar kilde guests came to us
Good morning! Hәerle irti!
Good afternoon Hәerle kon!
Good evening! Hәerle kitch!
Meet Tanysh bulygyz (tanyshygyz)
My last name is Khairullin Last name is Khairullin
Let me introduce you to my friend (companion) Sezne iptashem (yuldashym) belan tanyshtyryrga rokhsat itegez
Glad to meet you! Season belen tanyshuybyzga shatbyz!
Meet, this is my family: Tanysh bulygyz, bu minem gailәm:
my wife, my husband Khatyn, Irem
our children are balalarybyz
our grandmother, our grandfather әbiebez, bababyz
our mother-in-law, our father-in-law kaenanabyz, kaenatabyz
How are you doing? Eshlaregez nicek?
Thank you, good Rәkhmat, әibәt
Where can I get a job here? Monda kaida urnashyrga bula?
Where are you staying? Sez kaida tuktaldygyz?
We stayed at the Kazan Hotel Without the Kazan Hotel Synda Tuktaldyk
How long have you been here? Sez ozakka kildegezme?
Why did you come? No ochen kildegez?
I came on a business trip
How is your family? Gailәgez ni hәldә?
Aren't you very tired from the road? Yulda bik arymadygyzmy?
Language-Tel
I am studying the Tatar language Min Tatar telen өyrәnәm
I want to learn to speak (read, write) Tatar Minem tatarcha sөylәshergә (ukyrga, yazarga) өyrәnәsem kilә
Do you understand Tatar? Sez tatarcha anlyysyzmy?
I understand a little Tatar Min tatarcha beraz anlyim
I understand a little, but I can’t speak Min beraz anlyim, lәkin soylәshә almym
You speak too fast Sez artyk tiz soylisez
You are in a hurry Sez bik ashygasyz
Please repeat again Tagyn ber tapkyr kabatlagyz ale
Please speak more slowly! Zinhar, akrynrak soylagez!
What did you say? Sez ni didegesis?
What is he/she talking about? Street nәrsә turanda soyli?
What she said)? Ul ni dide?
Please tell me Әitegezche
What is this called in Tatar? Tatarcha bu nichek deep atala?
Am I speaking well (correctly)? Min әybәt (dores) soylimme?
You speak well (correctly) Sez әybәt (dores) soylisez
I don’t know such a word Min andy suzne belmim
Do you understand me? Sez mine anladygyzmy?
Can you hear me okay? Sez mine yakhshy ishetәsezme?
Please repeat again Tagyn ber tapkyr kabatlagyzchy (kabatlagyz әle)
How to pronounce this word? Bu sүzne nichek әytergә?
You pronounce this word correctly Sez bu sүzne dores әytәsez
Please write this word in Tatar Bu sүzne tatarcha yazygyz ale
Write Menә bu bitkә yazygyz on this sheet of paper
How will it be in Tatar? Tatarcha bu nichek bula?
Please speak to me in Tatar Minem belen tatarcha soylәshegez ale
You have Russian-Tatar dictionary? Ruscha-tatarcha suzlegegez barmy?
I want to find a book for learning the Tatar language Tatar telen өyrәnү өchen ber kitap tabasy ide
What textbooks are needed to study the Tatar language? Tatar telen өyrәnu өchen nindi dәresleklәr kirәk?
Do you have easy books to read in Tatar? Sezda җinelrәk ukyla torgan tatarcha kitaplar barmy?
Yes, I’ll bring you a Bar tomorrow, irtagy alyp kilermen
Consent-Rizalyk:
Yes Әye
I agree (I agree) Min Riza
Possibly Ichtimal
Maybe Momkin
This is quite possible Bubik momkin
I don't mind Karshi kilmim
Of course
Necessarily Һichshiksez (әлбәтә)
Okay Ardent
Okay Yakhshy (әybәt)
With pleasure! Bik shatchanyp (rәkhәtlәnep)!
That's right Beads dores
Wonderful! Bik әybәt (bik shәp)!
Absolutely right! Bik dores!
And I think so Min dә shulai uylym
Undoubtedly Һichshiksez
You are right Sez hackly
I am sure of this Min mona yshanam
Disagreement. Refusal
I don’t agree with this (I don’t agree) Min monyn belen kileshmim (mona riza tugel)
I object to Min Karshi
No, it's impossible Yuk, bu momkin tugel
This is incredible Akylga syimaslyk bu
I don't want Telemim
I can't Buldyra Almym
No, don’t do that Yuk, alai eshlamegez
Sorry, that's not true Gafu itegez, bu alai tugel
No, thanks Yuk, rahmat
Not allowed
You can't Yaramy
It’s a shame, but I’ll have to refuse Bik kyzganych, lakin bash tartyrga tury killer
Unfortunately, it is impossible Kyzganychka karshi, Yaramy
I just can’t take Nichek tә ala almym
Unfortunately, I'm busy Kyzganychka karshi, eshem bik tygyz
You don’t have to go Baryrga tours kilmayachak
You are wrong Sez hakly tugel
This is excluded Bolay buluy momkin tugel
Invitation
Let me invite you to the theater (museum, restaurant, visit, park) Sezne theater (museiga, restaurant, kunakka, park) chakyryrga momkinme?
Welcome! Rahim itegez!
Please sit down Rakhim itep utyrgyz
Please come to Tabyng's table rakhim itegez
May I come in? Kerergә rөkhsәtme?
Sign in Keregez
Come here Monda uzygyz
Undress, hang your coat here Chishenegez, coatgyzny biregә elegez
Don't be shy Tartynmagyz
Come visit us again Bezgә tagyn kilegez
Come visit us again, we will be glad to meet you Tagyn kilegez, sezneң belan ochrashuga shat bulyrbyz
Could we meet tomorrow? Without irtәgә ochrasha almabyzmy ikәn?
Make yourself at home Өegezәge kebek bulygyz
May I have a cigarette? Tartyrga rөkhsәtme?
Please light a cigarette Rakhim itep, tartygyz
Can I invite you to dance? Sezne dance (biergә) chakyryrga mөmkinme?
Would you like to go on an excursion with us (to the stadium, to the club)? Beznen belen excursion (stadium, ball) barasygyz kilmime?
With pleasure I accept (accept) your invitation Chakyruygyzny bik telәp kabul itәm (kabul itәbez)
Gratitude
Thank you! Rәkhmat!
Thank you very much! Zur rahmat!
Thank you for your help! Bulyshuygyz өchen rәkhmat sezgә!
Thank you very much, you have done so much good for us! Zur rәkhmat, sez bezneң өchen shul kadar kүp yakhshylyk eshladegez!
I am very obliged to you Min sezne n alda bik zur burychlymyn
I will not forget your kindness Yahshylygygyzny (igelegegezne) onytmam
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for the treat! Syi-khөrmәtegez өchen chyn kүңeldәn rәkhmәt sezgә!
Thanks for the gift! Bulgegez өchen rәkhmәt!
Thank you for the invitation! Chakyruygyz өchen rәkhmat sezgә!
Thank you very much for your warm welcome! Yyly kabul itүegez өchen chyn kүneldәn rәkhmat sezgә!
Wish. Request
What would you like? Sez nәrsә telәr idegez?
I would sleep (rest) Min yoklap alyr (yal itәr) let's go
I have one request Minem ber utenechem bar
I beg you very much Min sezdan bik үtenep sorym
I want to go to the store (to the market, to the cinema, to the club, to the park)
I want to eat (drink) Minem ashyysym (echәsem) kilә
If it’s not difficult for you, please show me (us) your town (village, museum, river)
Tell me, please, how to get to Chekhov Street? Әitegez әle, Chekhov uramyna nichek baryrga?
I wanted to take a walk Saf khavada yorep kaitasy ide
I need to buy (ask, give, receive) Mina satyp alyrga (sorarga, kaitaryp birergә, alyrga) kirәk
I want to watch the new movie Minem yana movie karysym kil
I would like to meet my comrade (friend) Iptesh (dusty) belen ochrashasy ide
I want you to be a real person
Regret. Apology
Excuse me (excuse me), please! Zinhar, gafu itegez (kicheregez)!
It's not my fault Minem ber gaebem dә yuk
Don't be angry (don't be angry)! Achulanma (achulanmagyz)!
Don't be offended! Үpkәlәmәgez!
I'm very sorry Bik Kyzganych
Sorry I'm late Songa kaluym ochen gafu itegez
Sorry, I didn’t mean to offend you.
Don't worry, it doesn't matter Borchylmagyz, bu әһәmiyatle үgel
Sorry, this won't happen again Gafu itegez, bu butan kabatlanmas
I didn’t think it would turn out like this Shulay bulyr deep uylamagan let’s go
Parting
Goodbye! Sau bulygyz (khushigyz)!
Have a nice trip! Hәerle yul sezgә!
See you soon! Tizdәn kүreshүlәrgә kadiar!
Say hello to everyone! Barysyna da bezdan selam tapshyrygyz!
Say hello to your parents (relatives) from me (us)! Minnәn (bezdәn) әti-әniegezgә (tugannarygyzga) selam tapshyrygyz!
Don't forget us! Bezne onytmagyz!
We are waiting for letters from you Sezdan khatlar kөtәbez
Farewell, dear (respected) friends! Khushygyz, kaderle (khөrmәtle) duslar!
Age. Family
How old are you? Is it okay?
I am twenty (thirty, forty, fifty, seventy) years old Mina egerme (utyz, kyryk, ille, zhitmesh) yash
I was born (born) in 1957 Min men tugyz yoz ille hidenche elda tuganmyn
It turns out that we are the same age. Without yashtәshlәr ikәn
Are you married? Sez өylәngәnme (kiyaүdәme)?
I am married Min өylәngәn keshe (kiyaүdә)
I am single (not married) Min өylәnmәgәn (kiyaүdә үgel)
Is your family big?
We have a large (small) family of only 7 people: grandmother, grandfather, father, mother, me, brother, sister Gailebez zur (kechkenә), barlygy zhide keshe: әbiem (dәү әniem), babam (dәү әtiem), әtiem, әniem, Uzem, enem, senelem
Do you have any children? Balalarygyz barmy?
I have no children Balalarym yuk
I only have one child Ber genә balam bar
How old is your son (daughter)? Ulygyzga (kyzygyzga) nothing?
Are the kids big? Balalarygyz zurlarmy inde?
No, little Yuk, kechkenәlәr әle
Yes, big Әye, zurlar
Do children study or work? Balalarygyz ukyylarmy, eshlilarme?
Study (work) Ukiylar (eshlilar)
Little ones study, big ones work
What are your children's names? Balalarygyz ni isemle?
The son's name is Zulfat, and the daughters' names are Zulfiya and Gulfiya.
You have parents? Әti-әniegez barmy?
Yes, they live in the village (in the city) Әye, avylda (shәһәrdә) yaşilәr
Father - machine operator, mother - milkmaid Әti - machine operator, әni - cheese savuchy
Health. Disease
How is your health? Sәlamәtlegegez nicek?
Thank you, good Rәkhmat, әibәt
I'm healthy Min sәlamәt
What are you complaining about? Narsadәn zarlanasyz?
I have a runny nose, cough and chest pain
Head (stomach, heart, throat) hurts Bashym (echem, yөrәgem, tamagym) avyrta
I'm feeling dizzy
When did you get sick? Kaychan avyryp kittegez?
Today (yesterday, recently, a long time ago) Bugen (kichә, kүptәn үgel, kүptәn) avyryp kittem fell ill
Have you had the flu or sore throat for a long time? Flu, sore throat belen kuptan avyrgan idegezme?
Is there a temperature? Temperaturegyz barmy?
Temperature high temperatures Yugars
You can't walk, you just have to lie down
I suffer from insomnia Min yokysyzlyktan җәfalanam
You need to call a doctor Doctor Chakyryrga Kirәk
It is necessary to undergo treatment
Do you have any medicine? Darularygyz barmy?
You need to go to the doctor Doctor kurenerga (baryrga) kirk
Now I will go to the hospital (clinic, first-aid post), to the doctor (paramedic, nurse) Min hazier hospital (polyclinic, first-aid post), doctor (paramedic, nurse) to the bar
Ask your doctor for a bulletin Vrachtan bulletin sora
Did you go to work? Eshkә chyktyңmy әle?
Welcome back to work! Eshkә chyguygyz belen!
Where did you vacation? Sez kaida yal ittegez?
Rested at the Yal Ittem resort
Did you like it? Sezgә oshadimy son?
Yes, it’s very, very good there, anda bik yakhshy (әybat)
Which resort did you go to? Kaisy resort yal ittegez?
How many days did you rest? Nichә kөn yal ittegez?
How do you feel now? Khazer uzegezne nicek his iteses (halegez nicek)?
________________________________________
Rest. Movie. Theater. Concert
What will you do on Sunday? Sez yakshәmbe kөnne nishlisez?
I'll go to the cinema (theater) Kinoga (theatre) bars
You need to go to the beach Beach Baryrga Kirәk
I'll go hunting (fishing) Auga (balykka) baram
I'll go skiing (skating), play hockey (volleyball, football) Changy (timerayakta) shuarga, hockey (volleyball, football) uynarga) bars
I will read a book (newspapers, magazines) Kitap (gazetalar, journallar) -ukyachakmyn
Can I come with you? Sezneң belen bergә baryrga mөmkinme?
What films do you like best? Sezgә nindi filmnar kubrәok oshy?
I like to watch historical (musical, adventure, documentary) films Min tarihi (musical, mazhara ly, documentary) filmnar kararga yaratam
What movie (play) is on today? Bugen nindi picture (performance) bula?
When does the session start? A bashlana session?
Who is the director of this film? Who are the film directors?
Is it possible to buy a ticket? Ticket alyp bulama?
Can I order tickets in advance? Biletlarga aldan order birerge mөmkinme?
Bought two (four) tickets Ike (durth) ticket aldym
How much does the ticket cost? Kupme tora ticket?
I invite you to the cinema Min sezne kinoga chakyram
How you spend free time? Bush vakytygyzny nicek үtkәrәsez?
I would like to relax at home Өydә yal itәr let's go
I like to walk
Is there a cinema (club, library) here? Monda cinema (club, kitaphanә) barmy?
How to get to the cinema (club, library)? Cinema (tangle, kitapkhanәgә) nichek baryrga?
There are six theaters in Kazan Kazanda Alty Theater Bar
There are more than ten museums Unnan Artyk Museum Bar
What's on at the theater today? Bugen theaterda nәrsә bar?
There is a concert going on Concert bula
I want to go to a concert of the song and dance ensemble of the Tatar State Philharmonic named after. G. Tukay Minem G. Tukay isemendage Tatarstan do philharmonic society җyr һәm biyu ensemble concerts on Barasym Kilә
Do you often go to concerts? Sez concertlarda esh bulasyzmy?
I like Tatar folk songs performed by I. Shakirov, A. Avzalova, G. Rakhimkulov Mina I. Shakirov, E. Avzalova, G. Rakhimkulov bashkaruynda Tatar halyk җyrlary oshy
Soon the premiere will take place at the Academic Theater named after G. Kamal, at the Opera and Ballet Theater named after M. Jalil, at the Bolshoi Drama Theater named after V.I. Kachalov, in the Drama and Comedy Theater, in the puppet theater Tizdan G. Kamal isemendage academy of theater, M. Zhalil isemendage opera һәm ballet theater, V.I. Kachalov isemendage Zur drama theaterynda, drama һәm komediyalar teatrynda, kurchak premiere bula
Who is the author of the play? Who is the author of the play?
When does the performance start? The performance is nothing bashlana?
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PREFACE
About 15,000 words
A bilingual dictionary is the foundation of language learning. It was bilingual dictionaries that were the first to connect two languages, two peoples. This dictionary is basic for Russian-speaking readers to learn the Tatar language.
An educational dictionary is not only a reference for translation, but also a kind of manual, by simply flipping through and reading which you can learn the logic of an unfamiliar language.
This dictionary is a Tatar-Russian dictionary of such volume that the new Tatar alphabet is used. The basis for the creation of this dictionary was the Tatar-Russian dictionary edited by F.A. Ganiev, published in several editions (the 4th edition was published in 2004). However, unlike the previous dictionary, some changes have been made here.
Firstly, some words are omitted that have complete graphic correspondence in the initial form in the Russian and Tatar languages. For example: absolutismnoun absolutism, steamship noun steamship
Secondly, here the verbs are given in the form of the action name baru, chigu.
They are translated into Russian, respectively, as walking (the process of walking), going out (the process of going out).
However, I believe that such a discrepancy is justified, since it is the name of the action in the Tatar language that is initial form verb and denotes the action as such. In addition, the stem of the verb can be easily isolated from the name of the action by dropping –у, -ү. It has important when studying the Tatar language as a foreign language, which acquires in Lately especially relevant.
The third feature of the dictionary is its practical orientation. The dictionary provides illustrative material.
When learning languages, the use of so-called dictionaries or pocket dictionaries with a one-word translation will not allow you to study the semantic and stylistic subtleties of the language. Therefore, this complete educational dictionary contains all the meanings of the words.
Another feature of the publication is that, in addition to the main dictionary, words that are often used without translation in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan and in the Russian-language press are given separately. When learning a language, it is necessary to master both linguistic and cultural aspects. Therefore, this dictionary is of particular interest to students of the Tatar language.
I hope that this publication will become an important assistant for you, both in learning the Tatar language and in teaching it.
ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF THE DICTIONARY
Capital Tatar words in the dictionary are arranged in alphabetical order.
All words of the Tatar part of the dictionary are translated into Russian with equivalents corresponding in meaning and stylistic coloring.
Complex and compound words in a dictionary entry are given in continuous text according to the principle of the first word after translating the meanings of the headword.
Homonyms are listed in separate dictionary entries and are designated by Roman numerals.
If a headword is used only in a phrase, a colon is placed after it and the corresponding phrase is given.
Nouns are given in the main case singular form. Verbs are given in action name form. Complex and compound verbs are also given. In semi-explanatory translations of verbs, the imperfect verb is given first, and the perfect verb is given in brackets.
Participles and gerunds are listed in the dictionary only if they act in the meaning of an adjective or adverb, respectively.
The dictionary indicates the means of translating functional auxiliary verbs and their meanings.
Adjectives are given in their basic form with the mark etc and are translated into Russian by masculine adjectives in the singular.
In the Tatar language, the boundary between parts of speech is quite fluid. Words from one part of speech can be used to mean another. In such cases, functional nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. are given behind parallel lines with a separate grammatical marking.
If a Tatar word has several meanings, then the translation of these meanings is highlighted in the article Arabic numerals. If capital Tatar polysemantic word corresponds to one translation in Russian, then individual meanings of the Tatar word are not highlighted in the article. In such cases, the Russian equivalent is preceded by the mark in different values, if necessary, they can be illustrated with examples.
In the presence of lexical meanings For individual grammatical forms of the headword, this form is given in the dictionary in bold type, indicating its morphological nature.
Translations figurative meanings are marked in the dictionary entry trans.
The translation of adverbs and adverbial words, sometimes used in the meaning of a predicate, is indicated by the mark in meaning tale
The most common words are equipped with illustrative material that will help you more accurately understand the meaning of the word and the features of its use. They are given under the symbol – #.
Most verbs are equipped with explanatory materials.
Following the icon are four forms of verbs:
1. infinitive;
2. present tense form in the first person plural;
3. definite past tense form;
4. positive and negative forms of the indefinite future tense. In this case, the base is highlighted in the infinitive, for example: bul - yrga
In general, most article verbs look like this:
buysyndyruch 1. subdue, subdue, conquer, conquer 2. tame, tame buysyndyr-yrga, buysyndyrabyz, buysyndyrdy, buysyndyr – buysyndyrmas # Ber keshe һәrdaimi ikenchesen buysyndyrga tyrysha. – A person always strives to subjugate another
In cases where the stem of the verb is not highlighted graphically, it is indicated separately in square brackets. For example: avyraerga [avray], avyrayabyz, avyraydy, avyraer – avyraymas
CONVENTIONAL ABBREVIATIONS
anat – anatomy
archaeol – archeology
bezl – impersonal
biol – biology
bfrom –
botany
in the famous tale - in the meaning of the predicate
as a auxiliary chapter - as auxiliary verb
in different values – V different meanings
Vcomplex sl –
V difficult words
Vwater sl – introductory word
mutually joint– mutually joint pledge
geogr– geography
gl – verb
zool –
zoology
iron– ironic term
ist – historical term
ling – linguistics
lit – literary term
checkmate - mathematics
honey – medicine
int - interjection
myth – mythology
mod sl– modal
word
pestilence maritime term
muses - musical term
nar – adverb
reverse – appeal
peren – portable
forced - forced
last – postposition
poet– poetic term
etc - adjective
predic sl – predicative word
Pryam - direct (meaning)
rel– religious term
agricultural – agricultural term
complex ch - difficult
verb
cm - Look
strad – passive voice
noun – noun
those– technical term
physical– physical term
folk –
folklore
often - particle
number – numeral
jokel – humorous
ethnographer – ethnographic term
Tatar alphabet
Hello!
Let's start learning with the Tatar alphabet. It is based on Russian graphics and consists of 39 letters:
Aa Zz Pp Chh
Әə Ii Rr Shsh
Bb Yy Ss Shch
Vv Kk Tt b
Gg Ll Uu Yy
DD Mm Үү ь
Her Nn Ff Eh
Yoyo Ңң Xx Yuyu
LJ Oo Һһ Yaya
Җҗ Өө Цц
As you can see, the Tatar language has 6 additional letters that are not in the Russian language. Next we will dwell in more detail on each new letter.
1.Sounds denoted by additional letters of the Tatar alphabet
This audio material includes all sounds and exercises for them, which will be discussed below. You can break up your sound study over several days to get a deeper understanding of the material. The audio recording lasts approximately 14 minutes, before each exercise the start and end times of the text in the audio recording will be indicated.
[ә]
[ә] – this sound can otherwise be described as very soft [“a]. It is close to Russian [“a] in the words “sit down”, “look”, “row”. When pronouncing the letter “ә”, lower the tip of your tongue towards your lower teeth. By the way, the sound [ә] is in the English language: black, hat – , .
Listen and repeat
Audio 00:08- 00:54
Ә avazy - sound ә
Audio 00:55- 01:28
Әti belәn әni eshkә baralar. Әti әnigә әityә: “Әйдә, mәктәпкә barabyz.” - Mom and Dad are going to work. Dad says to mom: “Let’s go to school.”
Әti miңa: “Ber әiber dә әitep bulmy,” – dide. “Dad told me: “You can’t say anything.”
Ashlә, ulim, eshlә. Eshlәgәn keschedә khөrmәt bulyr. - Work, son, work. A working person gets respect.
Әrәmәdәge әrem әche (tongue twister). - There is wormwood in the willow.
When pronouncing [ә], the most common error is one that appears due to the influence of graphics: when reading, the letter itself is confused with the Russian ‘e’. It should be immediately noted that there is no relationship between them. Moreover, the sounds [e] and [ә] often replace themselves in similar positions, influencing the meaning of the word. For example: ishetә - ishette (hears - heard), etc.
[ө]
[ө] – this vowel sound presents the greatest difficulty for the Russian-speaking reader. The closest version of the Tatar [ө] can be found in the words ‘maple’, ‘honey’, ‘Peter’. But in the Tatar language [ө] is short, and Russian [’о] is found only under stress. Try to pronounce these Russian words as briefly as possible and with more pronunciation, and you will be close to the desired sound. It is similar to the sound common in English: bird, work. ,. But the English sound lacks roundness.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 01:31- 02:05
Ө avazy - sound ө
Audio 02:08- 02:32
Өйдә gollәr matur bula. - Flowers at home are beautiful.
Kozen konnar kyskara. – In autumn, the days get shorter.
Tonlә uramda matur koy ishetelde. “At night, a beautiful melody was heard on the street.
Min Tatar telen өyrәnәm. – I am learning the Tatar language.
Was abyem өylәnә. – My brother is getting married this year.
[ү]
[ү] – soft and more rounded [’у]. A sound close to it is found in the Russian words ‘bale’, ‘ditch’. Pronounce these words, giving ['u] an even greater rounding (roll your lips into a tube), and you will approximately get the desired sound.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 02:34- 03:10
Y Avaza - sound Y
Audio 03:12- 03:50
Kүldә kүp balyk bula, ә chүldә balyk bulmy. “There are a lot of fish in the lake, but there are no fish in the desert.”
Үrdәk kүp asharga yarata. Ul үlan ashiy һәm tiz үsә. – The duck likes to eat a lot. She eats grass and grows quickly.
Үtkәn elny min үзәккә bardym. Anda bөtenese үzgәrgan. – Last year I went to the center. Everything has changed there
Min үzem dә үzeshchәn artist kyna. – I myself am just an amateur artist.
Tizaytkech - tongue twister:
Kuper bashynda kүp kүrkә,
Kүp kүrkәgә kirәk kүp kөrә. “There are a lot of turkeys on the bridge, and a lot of turkeys need a lot of grits.”
[җ]
[җ] – this sound is also often found in English, and in borrowings from English in Russian it is expressed by the letter combination j: ‘jumper’, ‘Jack’ - Jack. Tatar borrowings are also formalized: jilyan - җilyan, Jalil - Җәlil. The sound [zh] in Russian is always hard, but forming a soft version from it is usually not difficult for a Russian-speaking reader. It should be noted that hard [zh] is also uncharacteristic for the Tatar language, as [’zh] is for Russian. Therefore, as a rule, mixing of these sounds does not occur.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 03:52- 04:27
Җ avazy - sound җ
Audio 04:29- 04:54
Egetkә җitmesh җide һөnәr dә az. “Seventy-seven professions aren’t enough for a guy.”
Minem җyrym җirdә tudy һәm җildә yangyrady. “My song was born on earth and rang in the wind.
Kәҗә huҗalygynda saryk huҗa bulmy. – In a goat farm, a sheep will not be the mistress.
Tizaytkech - tongue twister
Җәйнѣ ямле көннәрә җіләк җыя Җәміә – On fine summer days, collects Zhamilya berries.
[ң]
[ң] is a nasal sound produced by a small tongue. The closest sound combination in the Russian language can be considered the sound combination [ng] in the word ‘gong’ when pronounced through the nose. This sound is often found in French: jardin, bien, chien (if anyone knows French), as well as in English: working, playing-.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 04:56- 05:37
Ң avazy - sound ң
Audio 05:39- 06:05
Ale karangy ide. Yangyr java bashlady. - It was still dark. It started to rain.
Min songga kaldym. - I am late.
Bu esh ginel bulmasa yes, min ana anladym, shuna tiz bashkardym. – Even if this work was not easy, I understood it, so I did it quickly.
Tatar җyrynyn nindider ber mony bar, any anlap ta bulmy, any kүңel asha sizep kenә bula. – The Tatar song has a special tune, it cannot be understood, it can only be felt
[һ]
Һ avazy - sound һ
[һ] – pharyngeal sound. It is formed in the pharynx and is pronounced with aspiration. There is a sound close to it in the English language: hat, hand, hare. In Russian, the closest sound can be considered [x] in the words robe, chill, if pronounced without a guttural sound. It must be remembered that Tatar [һ] is of more posterior, pharyngeal origin.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 06:08- 06:50
Audio 06:54- 07:20
Җөмһүриятъзур йөклъләр ясыллар. – Heavy-duty vehicles are made in our republic.
Һәр egetneң yakhshy һөnәre bulyrga tiesh. Tahir – igenche. – Every guy should have a good profession. Tahir is a grain grower.
Shәһәrebezdә һәykәllәr kүp. Galimkan Ibrahimovka da ber һәykәl kuelyr inde. – There are many monuments in our city. And someday a monument will be erected to Galimdzhan Ibragimov.
Additional exercises
Say each row several times:
ak-әk, az-әz, at-әt, ar-әr, am-әm;
ak-әk, uk-үk, az-әz, uz-үz, uky-үke;
on-өn, om-өm, ok-өk, as-әs-us-үs-os-өs;
zhi-җи, zhe-җе, zhu-җу;
un-un, an-an, in-in;
ham-һәm, khas-һәs, hat-khava.
- Sounds denoted by the same letters of the Tatar and Russian alphabet
The complexities of the sound system of the Tatar language are not limited to specific in Tatar letters. In addition, there is a discrepancy in the common letters for the Tatar and Russian alphabets.
[A]
a – in the Tatar language this letter denotes a more posterior, wider and somewhat rounded sound.
Listen and repeat
Audio 07:22- 07:52
And avazy is the sound of
Audio 07:54- 08:28
Yyrdan - from the song:
Ay yugars, ah yugars,
Ay yugary salkynga;
Agach bulsa, yanar ide
Echemdәge yalkynga.
Shigyrdan - from the poem:
Al almalar yua ani,
Tezep kuya өstәlгә.
Asha, ulym, alma, - diep,
Bersen suzdy Rөstәmgә.
House sizde Rөstәm sүzә:
- Asha alma, disenme?
“Asha” digәch, “alma” dimә,
“Alam” bulsyn iseme.
[o], [s], [e]
o, e, y – these vowel letters of the Tatar alphabet are characterized by brevity compared to Russian ones.
[O]
Listen and repeat
Audio 08:30- 08:47
O avazy - sound o
Listen and repeat:
Audio 08:50- 09:06
S avaza-sound
Listen and repeat
Audio 09:07- 09:20
E avazy - sound e
в – this letter in the Tatar language serves to designate two sounds: [в] and [уы]. There is a second sound in English: William, will.
Listen and repeat:
Audio 09:22- 09:38
Tatar telenәge in Avaza - sound in in the Tatar language
[g], [k]
g - this letter also denotes two sounds: voiced g and voiceless g. These are quite different sounds. The voiceless g, formed with the help of a small tongue, is familiar to the Russian-speaking reader: it is produced when a person burrs and does not pronounce [r].
[G]
Listen and repeat
Audio 09:40- 09:53
Tatar telenәge g avazy - the sound g in the Tatar language:
k - similar to the letter g, denotes two sounds: voiced k and voiceless k.
[To]
Listen and repeat
Audio 09:54- 10:07
Shundy uk to avazy - the same sound to
3. Phonetic patterns of the Tatar language
Now you practically know the pronunciation of all Tatar letters.
In the Tatar language, the two main rules of practical phonetics are:
– law of synharmonism;
– clear pronunciation of the last syllable.
3.1. Law of synharmonism
In the Tatar language, all words according to pronunciation are divided into hard and soft. We call hard words those in which front vowels are used: [a], [o], [u], [s]. And soft are words that use front vowels: [ә], [ө], [ү], [е], [и].
Soft sounds: [ә], [ө], [ү], [е], [и].
Hard sounds: [a], [o], [u], [s].
Pay attention to the paired opposition between hardness and softness.
This law has great importance, since not only all words, but also all affixes obey this law of synharmonism. Accordingly, almost all affixes and particles have two options: hard and soft. Therefore, you need to learn to determine by ear the softness or hardness of Tatar words.
Listen and repeat several times, try to hear the difference between the pronunciation of different columns.
Audio 10:09- 11:01
nechkә sүzlәr kalyn sүzlәr
soft words hard words
өstәl (table) arysh (rye)
burәnә (log) balyk (fish)
eshlapә (hat) san (number)
kharef (letter) bash (head)
sүз (word) avyl (village)
rәsem (drawing) altyn (gold)
ber (one)
ike (two) tugyz (nine)
Och (three) syynif (class)
kon (day) shoe (shoe)
tәрҗмә (translation) kaida (where)
nәrsә (what) kaychan (when)
nichek (like) bara (goes)
eskәmiya (bench) torba (pipe)
We will look at the law of synharmonicity in more detail in Lesson Two.
3.2. Rule for clear pronunciation of the last syllable
As for stress, in the Tatar language it is qualitatively different from Russian. Remember that all syllables in the Tatar language must be pronounced clearly. Therefore, from the very beginning of learning, you should place a weak emphasis on the last syllable, this way you will get rid of the common mistake of Russian speakers studying foreign languages: “swallow the endings of words.”
Audio 11:02- 12:32
Kaiber kunegulur - some exercises
Almashtyngannardyr, achulanuchylar, әһәmiyatlelekne, bashlangychnyky, gomum dәүlәtchelek, җavaplyk, kulyaulyklarsyz, mәsәlәlәrdәn, mөstәkyyllek, pәnҗeshәmbeneң, tөrlә derergә, ukytuchylyk, uzenchәlekle, uzlәshterүchәn, uzәkcheleklarnen.
Audio 12:34- 13:03
Chagyshtyrygyz - compare
Kak (Russian) -kak, kort (Russian) -kort, syrt-sort (Russian) -sort, without (Russian) -without, son (Russian) -son, gol-gol (Russian), cards (Russian) - cards, count (Russian) - count.
Read, paying attention to the new sound letters (try to guess the meaning of the highlighted words):
Audio 13:04- 14:12
Mәk, rәt, shәp, fәn, bәlesh, tәrtә, teak, tәlinkә, eshlәpә, kәbestә;
Mүk, kүk, kүl, kүp, bүre, kүrәgә, kүsәk, bүrәnә;
Kon, ton, kol, tolke, өrpәk, kөrәk, өstәl;
Kәҗә, җen, җil, җir, җәй, җыу, җылы, җыр, җәү;
Son, in, an, un, tan, tәңre, bәrңge;
Һava, һich, һәr, һөнәr.
When performing the exercise, the last syllable is pronounced clearly.
Test yourself
Meanings of the highlighted words: poppy, row, teapot, plate, hat, cabbage, goat.
In preparing materials for the lesson, materials from the site http://tatar.com.ru/sam/1.php were used