Technology of a monolithic section between floor slabs. Independent formation of a monolithic section between floor slabs Nodes of monolithic sections between floor slabs

The brand of solution is adopted according to the project. The mobility of the solution should be 5-7 cm along the immersion depth of the cone.

The grouting of joints should be carried out after checking the correct installation of the slabs, acceptance of the welded connections of the elements in the mating units and completion anti-corrosion coating welded joints and damaged areas of coating of embedded products. Concrete mixtures used for grouting joints must meet the requirements of GOST 7473-94 and the project.

After installing and welding the anchors, the hinge sockets in the slabs must be monolithed with M 100 mortar.

The horizontal groove in the walls must be laid with bricks with careful spacing of the masonry.

Installation of monolithic sections in floors

	Composition of operations and controls
Stages of work	Controlled Operations	Control	Documentation
		(method, volume)
Preparatory	Check:		Passports
			(certificates),
	Availability of documents about	Visual	general journal
	quality for elements
	formwork and reinforcement
	products, concrete mixture;
	Installation accuracy and	Visual,
	connection of separate	measuring
	elements, quality
	fastenings and internal
	formwork surfaces;
	Installation accuracy	Technical
	reinforcement products in plan	inspection of all
		elements

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

and in height, the reliability of their fixation.

Device	Control:	General Journal
monolithic
plots	Quality of concrete mixture;	Laboratory
	Condition of the formwork;	Technical
	The procedure for laying concrete
	mixtures, filling sinuses,
	sufficient compaction;
	Temperature-humidity Measuring
	concrete hardening mode
	according to the requirements of the PPR;
	Concrete strength and timing
	stripping.
	Check:	Acceptance certificate
completed		completed
	Actual strength	Laboratory
	Surface quality	Visual,
	designs, measuring compliance,
	design position
	holes, channels, openings,
	embedded parts.

Testing and measuring tools: plumb line, two-meter rod, tape measure, metal ruler.

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

Operational control is carried out by: a foreman (foreman), a laboratory engineer - during the execution of work.

Acceptance control is carried out by: quality service workers, foreman (foreman), representatives of the customer’s technical supervision.

Technical requirements

SNiP 3.03.01-87 clause 2.14, table. 2

Permissible deviations:

- in the distance between:

- separately installed working rods - ±20 mm;

- mesh rows - ±10 mm;

- from the design thickness of the protective layer of concrete with its thickness up to 15 mm and linear dimensions cross section of the structure:

Up to 100 mm - +4 mm;

- from 101 mm to 200 mm - +5 mm;

- local unevenness of the concrete surface when checking with a two-meter rod - 5 mm.

The height of free dumping of concrete mixture into the floor formwork should not exceed 1.0 m.

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

The strength of concrete (at the time of demoulding structures) must be at least 70% of the design strength.

Not allowed:

Add water at the site of laying the concrete mixture to increase its mobility.

Reinforcement of monolithic sections must be documented in a certificate of inspection of hidden work.

Requirements for the quality of materials used

GOST 7473-94. Concrete mixtures. Technical conditions.

GOST 23279-85. Welded reinforcement mesh for reinforced concrete structures and products. General technical conditions.

GOST 10922-90. Welded reinforcement and embedded products, welded connections of reinforcement and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. General technical conditions.

GOST R 52086-2003. Formwork. Terms and Definitions.

The formwork must have strength, rigidity, unchangeable shape and stability in the working position, as well as under installation and transportation conditions.

The moisture content of wood used for the deck should be no more than 18%, for supporting elements - no more than 22%.

Deck boards should be no more than 150mm wide.

The formwork elements must fit snugly against each other during assembly. Gaps in butt joints should not be more than 2 mm.

On a deck of plywood panels, cracks, burrs and local deviations with a depth of more than 2 mm are not allowed, on a deck made of wood - more than 3 mm in an amount of no more than 3 per 1 m2.

When accepting the formwork, it is necessary to check the availability of a passport with instructions for installation and operation of the formwork, check the geometric dimensions, quality of working surfaces, protective painting of surfaces not in contact with concrete.

Maximum deviations for reinforcing mesh, mm:

Regulatory documentation database: www.complexdoc.ru

- width, cell sizes, difference in length of diagonals of flat meshes, free ends of rods - ±10;

- flat mesh lengths - ±15.

Maximum deviations from straightness of mesh rods should not exceed 6 mm per 1 m of mesh length.

Concrete mixtures must have the following characteristics:

- strength class;

- workability;

- type and quantity of raw materials (binders, fillers, additives);

- size of aggregates.

By agreement with the design organization carrying out designer's supervision, it is allowed not to take samples of the concrete mixture at the site of laying them in a monolithic structure, but to evaluate the strength of the concrete according to the control data of the concrete mixture manufacturer.

The workability of the concrete mixture is determined for each batch no later than 20 minutes after delivery of the mixture to the place of placement.

Instructions for carrying out work

SNiP 3.03.01-87 pp. 2.8-2.11, 2.16, 2.100, 2.109

Before concreting, horizontal and inclined concrete and brick surfaces of working joints must be cleaned of debris, dirt, oil, snow and ice, cement film, etc. Immediately before laying the concrete mixture, the cleaned surfaces must be washed with water and dried with a stream of air.

Concrete mixtures should be placed in concrete structures in horizontal layers of equal thickness without breaks, with consistent placement in one direction in all layers. Reinforcing steel (bar, wire) and rolled products, reinforcing products and embedded elements must comply with the design and the requirements of the relevant standards. Replacement of reinforcing steel provided for by the project must be agreed upon with the customer and the design organization. Installation of reinforcement structures should be done primarily from large-sized blocks or standardized prefabricated meshes.

Diagram of a monolithic section.

Surface preparation

Design calculations

Sometimes you have to make wide monolithic sections between the floor slabs. They must be calculated according to the current loads. The drawing shows a monolithic section with a width of 980 mm, supported by two hollow core slabs. The conditions for such a monolithic section (loads, principles of reinforcement, etc.) are described in detail in the article.

Monolithic section between two precast slabs

• welding of meshes and frames

• • Installation of supports and formwork
  • Concrete mixture and its pouring
  • Final Recommendations

• form a reinforcement mesh
• prepare concrete mixture
• pour concrete correctly.

Required materials and tools

• concrete mixer

Stages of work on forming a monolithic section between floor slabs

Return to contents

Installation of supports and formwork

First, we form the formwork for a monolithic section, which must have such mechanical and strength characteristics as to hold a large mass for a long period concrete mortar, which will dry long enough.

Sources:

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Monolithic sections between floor slabs

Before you decide to make monolithic sections between the floor slabs yourself, soberly assess your capabilities, because this is serious painstaking work. But if you still decide to make a monolith between the slabs yourself, then you will have to go through the following installation stages.

Diagram of a monolithic section.

Surface preparation

At this stage, you have to make sure that you have the right materials and tools at hand at the right time. Therefore, you need to take care of availability in advance.

So, to make a monolithic section of the floor, you will need the following tools: a hammer drill, wood screws 90 mm long, threaded rods standard 2 m, nuts, washers, open-end and spanner wrenches, pobedit drills for concrete, wood drills 90 cm long, screwdriver, cross bits for a screwdriver of very good quality ( good quality required because the edges of low-quality cue balls wear off very quickly), a hook, a grinder with metal discs, a circular saw with diamond coating (for cutting boards along and across the grain), 800-gram hammer, sledgehammer up to 3 kg, steel nails 120 mm in size, tape measure - 2-3 pieces (tape tapes are necessary for making accurate measurements, there must be a sufficient number of them, so how often they break and get lost), a carpenter's pencil, a carpenter's angle 50 cm long, a carpenter's stapler with staples, a level.

You will also need building materials: knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for binding frames, reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm, wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm, cement, gravel, sand, film 100-120 microns thick, boards 50x150 mm, boards 5x50 mm.

It is also necessary to take care of protective equipment in advance, because you and your assistants will have to work dangerously at height among nails, fittings and boards sticking out in all directions. For protection you will need: gloves, closed shoes (construction boots or shoes made of thick fabric such as old-style army combat boots), goggles, cap or helmet.

Design calculations

Calculation of a prefabricated floor slab.

At this stage, you will need to make accurate measurements and calculations so that you know what and how much you will need. First of all, we find out what the floor slabs will be like. To do this, we find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. We immediately determine where the stairs to the second floor will be, which side the rise will be on flight of stairs, and only after that we calculate the dimensions and number of floor slabs.

The length of the floor slab is the width of the house divided by 2.

The width of the floor slab comes in three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.

We calculate the required size and number of floor slabs, taking into account the fact that there should be a gap of 7 cm between the slabs. After everything has been calculated and we know exactly the required size and number of floor slabs, we order them from the manufacturer or from suppliers of building materials.

Attention!

Don't forget to take into account the 7 cm gap between the floor slabs! The absence of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and may subsequently cause deformation.

Manufacturing of formwork

Formwork installation diagram.

To make formwork, we take 50x150 mm boards and sew them into a 40 cm high board. One board (1 rib of the future formwork) will use 3 boards. The result is a rib 45 cm high, where 40 cm is the height of the future floor beam and 5 cm is the required margin. They are sewn together with transverse pieces of boards 5x50 mm and 40 cm long. These boards, called lyapukhi, are placed along the entire length of the shield every 40-50 cm. Remember: the first and last lyapukhi should be no closer than 10 cm from the edge of the edge of the shield. We fasten the bolts to the boards with self-tapping screws 90 mm long using a screwdriver at the rate of 3-4 self-tapping screws per 1 board being sewn. Then we align the edges of the shield with a circular saw using a carpenter's angle.

You will need 3 of these prefabricated panels; they will become the ribs of the formwork.

Installation of formwork

Formwork installation diagram.

To complete this stage of work, a team of 3-4 people will be required.

To make assembly easier, we place one shield as a base. We install a spacer under each bolt so that nothing bends under load.

We attach the ribs to the base of the formwork. We fasten the ribs taking into account how wide we need the beam. Beams of three sizes are allowed: 35, 40, 45 cm. With the required width of 35 cm, both side ribs are placed flush. With a required width of 40 cm, only one edge of two prefabricated panels is placed flush. If you need a beam 45 cm wide, the ribs are attached without using this technique. Everything is fastened with self-tapping screws.

As a result, we ended up with a box of three prefabricated panels in the place where the future beam will be located.

Figure 4. Types of attachment of ribs to the base. A – 35 cm, B – 40 cm, C – 45 cm.

Now we prepare spacers from the reinforcement. They will be needed in order to maintain the required size of the beam and prevent bevels. We simply cut the reinforcement into pieces of the required length (35, 40 or 45 cm).

After this, we proceed to upholstering the resulting box with film from the inside, using a carpenter's stapler with staples. This is necessary in order to prevent unnecessary water loss from the concrete and to avoid the appearance of sinkholes. If this is not done, the concrete will lose a lot of moisture along with sand and cement. After drying, gravel will appear heavily on the outer edges of the beam. The surface of the beam will be completely covered with strong roughness and irregularities, bumps and depressions, the so-called shells. Such a beam will be of poor quality and will have to be redone.

Installation of prefabricated metal structures

Reinforcement frame diagram.

Let's start knitting the frame on the ground. We make 8 veins of a given length from the reinforcement (the length of one vein is equal to the length of the future beam).

Now we make clamps from M-6 wire that are bent by hand. From a single piece of wire it is necessary to make a square with a given length of its sides. So, for a beam measuring 35x35 cm you need a clamp with sides of 30 cm, for a beam 40x40 cm we make a clamp 35x35 cm, for a beam 45x45 cm - a clamp 40x40 cm. These sizes of clamps are necessary so that after installing it in the formwork it does not touch its walls . Remember: minimum distance There should be 2.5-3 cm between the formwork wall and the clamp, no less!

This is necessary so that in the end it is not visible on the surface of the beam. metal parts clamp. If metal appears on the surface of the beam, then it is in this place that corrosion of the metal and destruction of the concrete, and therefore the beam itself, will begin.

The ends of the clamp are connected with an overlap, that is, there should be an overlap of the ends of the clamp, which are fastened to each other with a double knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm.

The wire is folded in half to form a double knitting wire. This is the wire that should be used to tie the ends of the clamp.

Knowing that the clamps should be located along the entire length of the beam at a distance of 40-50 cm from each other, it is easy to calculate their required number.

We assemble the frame. To do this, we tie 2 strands to each side of the clamp with double knitting wire at an equal distance from the bends and between each other. We place the clamps on the cores at 40-50 cm from each other. The distance between the clamps must be maintained.

We lay the finished frame in installed box, being careful not to damage the film. If suddenly the film is damaged, then it’s okay, just fill the hole with another piece of film and secure it with a stapler.

Sometimes various reasons you have to make veins from pieces of reinforcement of different lengths. There is nothing wrong with this; construction technology allows it. Simply take another piece of reinforcement and overlap it with double tying wire over the junction of the two sections of the vein, allowing the overlap to be 60cm in each direction. This immediately explains why builders prefer to make veins from whole pieces reinforcement, and not assemble them from pieces. After all, if you assemble it from pieces of different lengths, you will end up with a significant overconsumption of building material. Moreover, this work is carried out when the frame is already inside the box.

Do-it-yourself monolithic ceiling diagram.

Then we take a wood drill and, taking into account the fact that the concrete pressure comes from below, we make holes equal to the diameter of the stud, 15-20 cm from the bottom of the box. We make 1 through hole at the bottom of each blooper. We cut the studs to the length we need.

The length is calculated as follows: the width of the support beam + two thicknesses of the board + two thicknesses of the bolt + two extra threads for screwing on the nuts and washers. We insert the resulting pins into the box.

Now we take pre-prepared pieces of reinforcement - spacers. We install them on top of each stud. We tighten the studs until the spacers lightly stop so that they hold.

We take a level and level the formwork vertically to the ground so that it does not move after compression. All deviations in one direction or another are eliminated using side struts. Installation of studs and installation of spacers is one of the important prefabricated stages of the structure.

After installing the spacers, check everything again with a level, only then attach all the support boards to the formwork with nails or self-tapping screws.

Now let's start hanging the frame. To hang the frame, you need to tie it to the studs. The easiest way to do this is with a height template - a small board measuring 2.5x2.5x30 cm. It’s simple: place a height template under each clamp and wrap it to the pin where it touches with double knitting wire. After fixing the last clamp, the frame will be suspended in the air.

After that, check and inspect everything. Do not allow the film to break or the clamps to touch the walls of the box. Then we fill the transverse slats for sewing the formwork boards together. From the bottom of the base, measure the height of the beam and drive nails along the entire length of the box at this height. These nails are beacons; concrete will be poured along them.

Now we check the strength of the lower and side struts; they should be able to easily support a decent weight. When in doubt, add more supports. Remember: concrete has high density. The slightest mistake and the structure will collapse under the weight of concrete.

Once you are sure that you did everything correctly, then feel free to pour the concrete.

For the manufacture of beams, cement grade M300 or M350 is used, which is best purchased ready-made, since the beam must be poured at one time without interruption. If this is not possible, hire a large concrete mixer to mix the entire required volume of concrete on site in one go.

In 3-5 days, in good weather, the concrete will dry; in bad weather, the drying process will take longer.

After the concrete has completely dried, you can begin dismantling wooden formwork and installation of the floor slabs themselves.

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Monolithic section between two precast slabs

Such a monolithic section acts as a slab supported by adjacent precast slabs. To do this, it is provided with working reinforcement curved by a trough, the diameter of which depends on the width of the section (the estimated length of the slab of this section) and the load on the floor. Longitudinal reinforcement is structural; it creates a reinforcing mesh, but does not carry loads. An anti-shrink mesh made of smooth small-diameter reinforcement is also laid along the top of the wide monolithic section.

The figure shows examples of reinforcement of two monolithic sections in housing (without any additional loads in the form of heated floors and brick partitions).

We divided by two, because the monolithic section rests on two slabs, and each of them bears half the load.

1.3*140*(1.2 + 0.58*/2) + 1.1*50*(1.2 + 0.58*/2) + 1.3*150*(1.2 + 0 .58*/2) + 199 = 929 kg/m > 480 kg/m.

Therefore, you should always check bearing capacity slabs depending on the dimensions of the monolithic section, the width of the slab and the loads acting on it.

Beam monolithic section.

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Sealing joints between floor slabs after installation and on the ceiling

Installation of floor slabs is a responsible task that requires knowledge and experience. Unfortunately, there are situations when the design solution has to be changed on site, and as a result there is an unusual situation when the width of the slabs delivered to the construction site is not enough to install the floor. We will answer the eternal Russian question “What to do?”

Regulatory requirements for the size and filling of installation joints

Typical dimensions of the slabs provide for their laying with 15 mm seams, that is, almost end-to-end. Normative literature prescribes the construction of monolithic sections with reinforcement with a distance between slabs of 300 mm.
To seal the seams between floor slabs, it is necessary to use concrete with quick-hardening Portland cement or Portland cement grade M400 or higher with fine aggregate. The grain size of the aggregate should not be more than a third of the gap between the slabs and three-quarters of the clear size between the reinforcing bars. Plasticizers and setting accelerators must be added to the concrete mixture.

If you get a standard seam between slabs with a width of 10-15 mm, then usually a reinforcement bar is laid at the bottom of the seam, which is arranged in the form of a “cone”, and filled with mortar.

We seal non-design joints up to 300 mm

If the width of the seams between adjacent slabs does not exceed 300 mm, sealing such a seam is relatively simple; there are several methods for filling the seams to choose from.

Method 1

• At the bottom of the adjacent slabs, using spacers, we install a board or sheet of plywood that bridges the gap - this is formwork;
• You can lay a piece of roofing material or film on top of the formwork, then there will be no traces of concrete left on the formwork, and it can continue to be used;
• Fill the gap between the plates with mortar;
• We wait for the concrete to gain strength within 3-4 weeks and remove the formwork.

Method 2

If it is not possible to install the formwork from below, you can make permanent formwork from galvanized roofing steel 0.8-1 mm thick according to the size of the gap between the slabs, resting on the upper edge of the slab (trough). The profile of the side surface of the slabs will provide additional expansion and rigidity to the monolithic section.

Method 3

Another way to seal seams with permanent formwork is to make mounting parts from steel strips 4 mm thick and 5 cm wide, along the profile of the gap, as in the previous case, resting on the front surface of the slabs; lay these mounting parts every 0.5 m along the length of the slab. On the bottom (in the plane of the lower edge of the slabs) we place a strip of galvanized roofing steel, plywood or plastic, and concrete it. This method ensures reliable adhesion of the monolithic section to the slabs.

Method 4

If you come across a pair of defective slabs with incorrectly positioned side locks, when the recess is at the bottom, they can be installed next to a gap of 2-3 cm. Place the formwork from below using method 1 and pour concrete through the provided gap.

Monolithic sections with a width of more than 300 mm

If the gap between the slabs is from 100 to 300 mm, we construct a monolith with reinforcement. Options are also possible here.

Option 1

Used when formwork from below is not possible.

• We install load-bearing beams with a cross-section of 40x100 mm on the edge, in increments of 1 m, resting on adjacent slabs;
• TO load-bearing beams We fasten the formwork panels with wire twists;
• Closing the formwork roofing material or film;
• We install the reinforcement cage on the glasses so that the reinforcement is 30...50 mm above the formwork;
• We are concreting.

Option 2

If it is possible to secure the formwork from below, it can be used for installation load-bearing structure fittings

• We construct the formwork;
• We make mounting parts from A1Ø8…12 reinforcement (depending on the width of the gap to be bridged), taking into account that there must be a distance of at least 30 mm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement;
• Place on the bottom of the formwork protective material;
• We install mounting parts;
• We lay reinforcement or reinforcement cage;
• We are concreting.

Do not settle for filling the gap between the wall and the slab with lightweight concrete cellular blocks (foam concrete, expanded clay concrete, etc.) - they do not have the required load-bearing capacity. Taking into account the arrangement of furniture along the walls, this section of the floor is subject to a large load, this will lead to the destruction of the blocks and the need for costly repairs of the floor.

The areas between the wall and the slab are sealed in the same way.

This story tells not only about sealing seams, but also about anchoring the slabs to each other:

Sealing the ceiling seam from the bottom side

Inter-tile seams - rustications are filled with concrete during installation, then the ceiling is primed, puttyed and painted, unless other finishing is provided.

Sequence of sealing rusts

Before concreting, the seams are thoroughly cleaned of dust and mortar residues. wire brush, for better adhesion of the solution to the slab, it can be primed side surfaces.

1. The prepared fresh concrete solution is unloaded into a container and delivered to the work site;
2. If the width of the rustication is small, the filling is carried out at one time, with a large width of the area - in several layers, but no more than after 2...3 hours;
3. A concreting area of ​​small width is bayoneted; if it is large, it is compacted with a vibrator;
4. For the first week, the surface of the monolith is moistened with water daily;
5. After 28 days, the formwork is removed.

Uneven shrinkage of the house

It's unpleasant when cracks appear on the ceiling. This often happens due to::

• Uneven settlement of the building;
• Incorrectly selected brand of concrete;
• Poor quality concrete.

Let us dwell on the causes of uneven precipitation. It may occur in the following cases:

• Structural defects - incorrectly designed foundation;
• Foundation construction without taking into account geology, soil freezing depth and groundwater depth;
• Poorly performed work on the construction of the foundation and masonry of walls;
• Poor quality building materials.

To understand the reason for the appearance of cracks, it is sometimes necessary to order a construction inspection.

Decorative ceilings

A protective layer of concrete 30-50 mm thick should ensure that there are no rust stains on the ceiling from the reinforcement, but sometimes this layer is ineffective. From seeing stains on the ceiling, traces of leaks and rust cracks the best remedy– installation of a suspended, false or suspended ceiling.

Decorative ceiling – The best decision if necessary, leveling ceiling surface. It will cover all construction flaws and give completeness to the interior. If you want to reduce the height of the room, arrange multi-level or dropped ceilings from plasterboard, acoustic boards or a combination of various materials.

In rooms of low height, false or suspended ceilings are used. Here is the champion - suspended ceiling, which “eats” only 3-5 cm of the room’s height.

Every problem finds its solution. Sealing joints between slabs in aerated concrete house, even with a large width, does not pose a major design or technical problem. From the proposed options it is easy to choose the one that suits your specific case.

We tried to write best article. If you liked it, please share it with your friends or leave a comment below. Thank you!

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Monolithic section between two precast slabs

Such a monolithic section acts as a slab supported by adjacent precast slabs. To do this, it is provided with working reinforcement curved by a trough, the diameter of which depends on the width of the section (the estimated length of the slab of this section) and the load on the floor. Longitudinal reinforcement is structural; it creates a reinforcing mesh, but does not carry loads. An anti-shrink mesh made of smooth small-diameter reinforcement is also laid along the top of the wide monolithic section.

The figure shows examples of reinforcement of two monolithic sections of housing (without any additional loads in the form of warm floors and brick partitions).

As you can see, there are areas different widths, but when setting the goal of creating a wide monolithic section resting on slabs, you should always check whether the floor slabs will withstand it. This is the most important point in the design of monolithic sections. The load-bearing capacity of floor slabs varies (from 400 to 800 kg/m2 - excluding the weight of the slab).

Let's say we have two prefabricated slabs 1.2 m wide, between which there is a monolithic section 0.58 m wide. The load-bearing capacity of the slabs is 400 kg/m2, i.e. one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2*400 = 480 kg/m.

Let's calculate the load per 1 linear meter of the slab from a monolithic section with a thickness of 220 + 30 = 250 mm = 0.25 m. The weight of reinforced concrete is 2500 kg/m3, the load safety factor is 1.1.

0.25*1.1*2500*0.58/2 = 199 kg/m.

We divided by two, because the monolithic section rests on two slabs, and each of them bears half the load.

In addition to the weight of the monolithic section, we have the load on the slabs from the floor structure (140 kg/m2), from the partitions (50 kg/m2) and the temporary load from the weight of people, furniture, etc. (150 kg/m2). Multiplying all this by the coefficients and by the width of the prefabricated slab plus half the width of the monolithic section, and adding the load from the self-weight of the monolithic section, we get the final load on each precast slab:

1.3*140*(1.2 + 0.58*/2) + 1.1*50*(1.2 + 0.58*/2) + 1.3*150*(1.2 + 0 .58*/2) + 199 = 929 kg/m > 480 kg/m.

We see that the load is greater than the slab can withstand. But if you take a slab with a load-bearing capacity of 800 kg/m2, then one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2 * 800 = 960 kg/m - the reliability of the structure will be ensured.

Thus, you should always check the load-bearing capacity of the slabs depending on the dimensions of the monolithic section, the width of the slab and the loads acting on it.

Types of monolithic sections in prefabricated floors.

Monolithic section between two precast slabs.

Monolithic section between the prefabricated slab and the wall.

Beam monolithic section.

Monolithic sections according to metal beams with a plate on top.

Monolithic sections on metal beams with a slab below.

Calculation of monolithic sections using metal beams.

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Monolithic sections between floor slabs

Monolithic sections between floor slabs

Before you decide to make monolithic sections between the floor slabs yourself, soberly assess your capabilities, because this is serious painstaking work. But if you still decide to make a monolith between the slabs yourself, then you will have to go through the following installation stages.

Diagram of a monolithic section.

Surface preparation

At this stage, you have to make sure that you have the right materials and tools at hand at the right time. Therefore, you need to take care of availability in advance.

So, to make a monolithic section of the floor, you will need the following tools: a hammer drill, wood screws 90 mm long, standard threaded rods 2 m each, nuts, washers, open-end and socket wrenches, Pobedit drills for concrete, wood drills 90 cm long, screwdriver cross-shaped cue balls for a screwdriver of very good quality (good quality is required because the edges of low-quality cue balls wear off very quickly), a hook, a grinder with metal discs, a diamond-coated circular saw (for cutting boards along and across the grain), an 800-gram hammer, sledgehammer up to 3 kg, steel nails 120 mm in size, tape measure #8211 2-3 pieces (tape tapes are necessary for accurate measurements, there should be a sufficient number of them, as they often break and get lost), carpenter's pencil, carpenter's angle 50 cm long, carpenter's stapler with staples, level.

You will also need building materials: knitting wire with a diameter of 0.3 mm for binding frames, reinforcement with a diameter of 12 mm, wire with a diameter of at least 6 mm, cement, gravel, sand, film 100-120 microns thick, boards 50x150 mm, boards 5x50 mm.

It is also necessary to take care of protective equipment in advance, because you and your assistants will have to work dangerously at height among nails, fittings and boards sticking out in all directions. For protection you will need: gloves, closed shoes (construction boots or shoes made of thick fabric such as old-style army boots), safety glasses, a cap or helmet.

Design calculations

Calculation of a prefabricated floor slab.

At this stage, you will need to make accurate measurements and calculations so that you know what and how much you will need. First of all, we find out what the floor slabs will be like. To do this, we find out the width of the building and divide it in half, into two equal parts. We immediately determine where the staircase to the second floor will be, on which side the flight of stairs will rise, and only after that we calculate the dimensions and number of floor slabs.

The length of floor slab #8211 is the width of the house divided by 2.

The width of the floor slab comes in three standard sizes: 80 cm, 1 m 20 cm, 1 m 50 cm.

Don't forget to take into account the 7 cm gap between the floor slabs! The absence of a gap between the plates will complicate their installation and may subsequently cause deformation.

Monolithic section between two slabs 980 mm wide (download drawing in dwg format)

Monolithic section between two precast slabs

Such a monolithic section acts as a slab supported by adjacent precast slabs. To do this, it is provided with working reinforcement curved by a trough, the diameter of which depends on the width of the section (the estimated length of the slab of this section) and the load on the floor. Longitudinal reinforcement is structural; it creates a reinforcing mesh, but does not carry loads. An anti-shrink mesh made of smooth small-diameter reinforcement is also laid along the top of the wide monolithic section.

The figure shows examples of reinforcement of two monolithic sections of housing (without any additional loads in the form of warm floors and brick partitions).

As you can see, sections come in different widths, but when setting the goal of creating a wide monolithic section resting on slabs, you should always check whether the floor slabs will support it. This is the most important point in the design of monolithic sections. The load-bearing capacity of floor slabs varies (from 400 to 800 kg/m2 - excluding the weight of the slab).

Let's say we have two prefabricated slabs 1.2 m wide, between which there is a monolithic section 0.98 m wide. The load-bearing capacity of the slabs is 400 kg/m2. i.e. one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2*400 = 480 kg/m.

Let's calculate the load per 1 linear meter of the slab from a monolithic section with a thickness of 220 + 30 = 250 mm = 0.25 m. The weight of reinforced concrete is 2500 kg/m 3. The safety factor for the load is 1.1.

0.25*1.1*2500*0.98/2 = 337 kg/m.

We divided by two, because the monolithic section rests on two slabs, and each of them bears half the load.

In addition to the weight of the monolithic section, we have the load on the slabs from the floor structure (140 kg/m2), from the partitions (50 kg/m2) and the temporary load from the weight of people, furniture, etc. (150 kg/m2). Multiplying all this by the coefficients and the width of the precast slab, and adding the load from the monolithic section, we get the final load on each precast slab:

1.3*140*1.2/2 + 1.1*50*1.2/2 + 1.3*150*1.2/2 + 337 = 596 kg/m 480 kg/m.

We see that the load is greater than the slab can withstand. But if you take a slab with a load-bearing capacity of 600 kg/m2, then one linear meter of such a slab can withstand 1.2 * 600 = 720 kg/m - the reliability of the structure will be ensured.

Thus, you should always check the load-bearing capacity of the slabs depending on the dimensions of the monolithic section, the width of the slab and the loads acting on it.

Monolithic floor section with an oblique angle. Reinforcement frame for a slab with a bevel. Concrete work for a monolithic slab with a bevel. Curing and maintaining concrete.

Reinforcement work should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures, GOST 19292-73. Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures SN 393-78. Production Guides reinforcement works. And other active ones regulatory documents.

Concrete works should be carried out in accordance with the requirements and recommendations of SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures.

Composition of the concrete mixture. preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.

During the construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures you should be guided by the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures and the corresponding sections of safety regulations given in SNiP III-4-80. working drawings and instructions for the work execution plan.

1. Monolithic floor section with an oblique angle (UM-1).

In houses. where the plan provides for construction with an angular transition of walls at an angle not of 90°, as usual, but, for example, 45° - the floors are made in monolithic version.

You can, of course, take an ordinary reinforced concrete slab and use a jackhammer to knock out the desired bevel of the slab, and cut off the reinforcement.

But this is fraught with the fact that if the reinforced concrete slab is made with a stressed reinforcement frame (and this is most often done in reinforced concrete factories - such a frame requires less reinforcement consumption), then in such a reduced form the slab will lose its load-bearing capacity. Otherwise it may burst immediately during such a circumcision.

NOTE: A prestressed reinforcement frame is a frame whose bars have been clamped in a special form. and then, heating, stretched until the right size.

Next, it was welded with transverse frames. poured concrete and dried in a steam chamber. The cutting of the rods from the fixed form was carried out when the slab was ready. Those. the reinforcing bars in the concrete are taut like guitar strings. Well, if the string breaks, you know what happens.

Therefore, everything that does not fit into standard sizes industrial reinforced concrete products and structures, is carried out in a monolithic version at the site of the house construction. In our version, the monolithic slab is a continuation of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

2. Reinforcement frame for a slab with a bevel (UM-1).

The manufacture of the reinforcement frame and mesh must be carried out according to the drawings and have the exact location of the elements to be welded. Replacement of reinforcing steel provided by the project by class, grade and assortment is agreed upon with the design organization.

Technological process production of reinforcement frame provides:

• straightening and cutting of steel reinforcement and wire. supplied in coils with a diameter of 3...14 mm and in rods with a diameter of 12...40 mm on rods of measured length
• straightening (bending) and butt welding of rods to the required size
• welding of meshes and frames
• enlarged assembly (welding and wire knitting) of volumetric reinforcement blocks
• transportation and installation of frames at a construction site.

The reinforcement frame of the monolithic section UM-1 is made according to the dimensions indicated in the diagram (see figure). And it consists of a C-2 mesh and two K-1 reinforcement cages. interconnected by reinforcing bars made of the same steel A-III.

Reinforcing mesh must be welded by spot welding. For the frame and mesh, reinforcement is used as specified in Table 1.

Table 1: Frame reinforcement specification monolithic slab ceilings

Creating a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands

• Required materials and tools
• Stages of work on forming a monolithic section between floor slabs
  • Installation of supports and formwork
  • Formation of reinforcement grid
  • Concrete mixture and its pouring
  • Final Recommendations

Construction of a private house #8211 is a complex and time-consuming task, within which it is necessary to complete various types works For example, it may be necessary to fill a monolithic section between floors due to the fact that it is not possible according to the design to form a ceiling entirely from slabs. This happens very often in cases of forming flights of stairs or when it is necessary to lay various communication elements between the slabs. It is quite possible to form a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands. Although this work is labor-intensive, it is quite doable if you adhere to all building codes and regulations.

If you need to lay various communication elements between the slabs, you can form a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands.

In the process of forming a monolith section between the floor slabs, it is important to correctly perform following works:

• install supports and form the formwork
• form a reinforcement mesh
• prepare concrete mixture
• pour concrete correctly.

Correct execution of these types of work will allow you to create a strong and reliable section of the monolith between the floor slabs in the required location.

Required materials and tools

Considering that the work on constructing the concrete section of the floor consists of different stages, for each of them it is necessary to prepare a number of materials. The list of such materials may vary due to various factors, including the distance between the slabs that needs to be filled. The standard list looks like this:

On wooden beams a horizontal support for the formwork is laid.

• plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring mortar and side formwork, construction film
• wooden beams or metal channels to create a horizontal support on which plywood or plank pallet
• timber (120-150 mm), wooden beams or channels to create load-bearing supports under the formwork platform
• reinforcing bars (15-25 mm), wire for tying, metal chairs for installing reinforcing bars at the required height (you can also use reinforced mesh)
• cement M400, sand, crushed stone, water for mixing concrete mortar
• concrete mixer
• circular saw for cutting beams, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcing rods
• a shovel, a bayonet tool, a trowel or a rule for leveling the surface of the floor area between the slabs, protective film to cover this area.

The amount of all materials depends directly on the distance between concrete slabs needs to be covered and how much area the monolithic section of the floor occupies as a whole. Typically, in private houses such a section of flooring is not very large, so its formation is not too challenging task. However, at the same time, you should still adhere to clear phasing and rules for working with building materials and designs.

Stages of work on forming a monolithic section between floor slabs

The monolithic section of the floor between the slabs is formed in approximately the same way as any monolithic ceiling. Given the small area of ​​such a site, the work, of course, is simplified, but it is necessary to adhere to all building codes and regulations. Therefore, no matter what distance between concrete slabs is poured, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, on which the reliability of the monolithic structure created independently will depend.

Comments:

Building a house is a very labor-intensive task that involves quite a lot of work. For example, pouring a monolithic section between floor slabs is also included in their number, since construction with slabs alone is not possible. This problem, as a rule, occurs in cases where it is necessary to lay communication elements or form a flight of stairs. It is worth noting that, adhering to certain rules construction, you can carry out this process yourself.

When creating monolithic sections of flooring, it is necessary to correctly install the support, form the formwork, reinforcing mesh, make a mixture of concrete and pour it.

At correct execution of all the listed works, the section of the monolith between the floor slabs will be as strong and reliable as possible.

Materials and tools needed for work

For each stage of work, you need to prepare your own set of materials and tools. Their list may differ only due to some factors, for example, the distance between the slabs that needs to be poured. However, there is still a standard list that includes the following materials:

The area between the floor slabs is filled with concrete and pre-reinforced.

• boards that will be used to create side formwork and surface;
• wooden beams or metal channels that will serve as support for plywood or a plank pallet;
• timber for creating load-bearing supports for the formwork platform;
• reinforcement rods, wire with which the bundle will be made, metal chairs;
• concrete solution, which is made from sand, M400 cement, crushed stone and water;
• concrete mixer;
• circular saw, shovel, trowel, bayonet tool and protective film.

As for the amount of material, it depends on the area of ​​overlap that needs to be made, as well as on the area of ​​overlap itself. If we talk about a private house, then in such buildings it is, as a rule, not very large, so it will not be difficult to cope with the work yourself.

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Stages of formation of a monolithic floor section

The formation of the area between the plates is no different from the creation of any other. Despite the fact that the work area is relatively small, adhere to building regulations still worth it, so all stages of the work must be completed carefully. This is what determines how reliable the monolithic structure will be.

The first thing that needs to be done is to form the formwork for the monolithic section. In this case, it is necessary to take into account that the concrete solution weighs quite a lot, and besides, it takes a long time to dry, so the strength and mechanical characteristics the formwork must be such as to hold it for a fairly long period of time.

How to install formwork:

Installation of formwork for a monolithic section between slabs

1. The bottom is made, for which a sheet of plywood is taken, and beams are placed on it, which will act as load-bearing elements. Since the distance between the slabs in a private house is not so large, it is not difficult to make the bottom of the formwork. Before forming the reinforcement grid, we cover the bottom with roofing felt or construction film.
2. The borders of the monolithic section on the sides will be the floor slabs. As a rule, there is a wall on the third side.
3. Vertical supports are placed under the bottom holding elements, which are beams. They must be secured so that the bottom of the formwork does not slip off vertical supports, which are load-bearing. A unifork is used for this, although not always. As a rule, when building a private house, there is no special supporting equipment, so parts of the formwork can be fixed using nails or staples.
4. An important point in this process is the support of the formwork in the floor plane, which should be as strong as possible. This can be achieved by compacting the soil and lining it with some kind of board or tile material.

After the formwork is ready, and there is no doubt about its strength, we move on to next stage.

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Making a reinforcement grid

Regardless of the size of the area, it must be reinforced between the floor slabs.

When the distance between the slabs is from 1.5 m, in addition to reinforcing bars, it is best to use reinforced mesh. If the distance is small, you can limit yourself to two layers of lattice made of rods.

The process of forming a reinforcement grid:

The reinforcement grid is laid 5 cm above the bottom of the formwork, the reinforcement is tied together with wire.

1. The rods must be sawed off to a certain length, taking into account the pitch, which should be about 15-20 cm. Next, the prepared rods are tied together with wire. The result should be two layers of lattice.
2. When installing the first layer, the reinforcing lattice must be laid 5 cm above the bottom of the formwork, for which the “glasses” are intended. After this, laying a mesh on top, lay the second layer of lattice.
3. If the area between the floor slabs is not so large, reinforcement can be done with rods without mesh. In this case, the frame is formed in two layers, and each of them must be 5 cm away from the edge of the slab. It is worth noting that it is not necessary to use a welding machine in this process, since all connections can be made using metal wire.

Some people advise inserting reinforcing bars into pre-drilled holes in the slabs, but this should not be done. The monolith section will rest on the notches that are present on any floor slab model. They can be either longitudinal or round, resembling a glass.

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Making and pouring concrete

Table of proportions of components for the manufacture of concrete.

Before you start mixing the concrete solution, you need to prepare all the necessary components. Since the monolithic section looks like a rectangular parallelepiped, calculate the required amount of solution in cubic meters it won't be that difficult.

After all the components are prepared, you can proceed to making the solution in a concrete mixer, following certain rules:

• adhere to loading standards;
• the concrete mixer must be installed on a perfectly horizontal surface;
• the solution must be unloaded into a special container, and after that - to the required place.

As for the last rule, it can only be broken if the concrete mixer is installed next to the formwork and the prepared solution is unloaded directly into it. Re-filling should be carried out no later than after 2-3 hours. You can make one fill, this is important if the area is not wide. After this, the surface needs to be leveled, for which a trowel or rule is used.

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Messages

I need to fill the area between two hollow core slabs, let’s discuss how to do this correctly?

There are two 6-meter hollow slabs that lie parallel, but there is a distance of 1.15 meters between them. I want to make an entrance to the basement, and a 4x1.15 meter area needs to be filled with concrete.

Here's what I found on the Internet:

- the main material for work, channel 24cm. (to fit on 22 cm hollow core slabs)

— we put two 4 meter channels on the slabs

— we split it apart with two sections of channel 1.15 each and weld it all together. You will get a box around the perimeter of the area to be filled.

— We weld a grid of 12 reinforcement bars to the channel, this will be the bottom layer of the area to be poured. The cage in this lattice is 20 cm.

— We weld the lattice of the upper layer of the poured area to the channel, probably from 10 reinforcement bars.

- We put the formwork from below.

- fill everything with concrete to the height of the slabs.

I think everything is correct? Some points confuse me:

This entire piece of reinforced concrete will hang on reinforcement welded to the channel. Will it hold up? The diameter of the fittings... is it enough or not? different in diameter in layers or not? Is a 20 cm cage enough or not?

Quote:

Well, if you have nowhere to put the money

Have you seen the prices for such a channel?

I would make cheeks from a corner of 50-60

they are also transverse. reinforced with 12 reinforcement (this is what comes in the slabs).

and when it was monolid with concrete, it wouldn’t go anywhere.

and here's what they google:

Quote:

I poured 2x2.5 meters between the slab and the wall. Up to the stairwell to the 2nd floor. I installed PB partition walls 10 cm thick and 3 m high on the monolith. He stands still for 3 years...

I made holes in 2 rows in the slab and wall using a hammer drill. in the slab under the top and bottom above/below the reinforcement, i.e. the holes came out from the top/bottom of the voids in the slab. a step of about 12-15 cm in height x 15-20 cm in width was obtained. I welded 12 reinforcements to these reinforcements and made, as in a foundation, a reinforcement cage in a cube, i.e. I also welded both planes with vertical jumpers. I checked it before pouring, jumping on the reinforcement frame with a bag of cement on my shoulders, the picture was probably the same. Well, then the formwork from the bottom and sides, I filled everything with homemade concrete, watered it for 2 days, then it dried on its own…. a week later, it was boring earlier, I removed the formwork.... everything turned out to be reinforced concrete

Quote:

he is also a monument... The slab is hollow, the thickness of the side is well 3 cm, if you aim at the top/bottom it’s 5-7 cm... and then there’s a hole... Well, if you’re really hungry, it’s better to overdo it…. as they say, punch to the second void and hammer in the rod the entire length….

Are you guys okay? Take a closer look at the side of the stove. What you will see there is a correct indentation. What is it for? It’s right for creating dowels. No channels or holes in the slabs. Bring the formwork from below to the slabs and if you look closely, you get a trough between the slabs. Lay the nets from the bottom and top and fill the slab and fsyo. The whole thing will hang on the adjacent slabs, and the dowels will prevent the thing from falling.

I don’t think it takes a lot of brains to lay out the formwork. Place the beams directly on the slabs, and hang the formwork shield from them with twists, tightly against the slabs.

Do you think at construction sites someone is making holes in the slabs or welding the channel. ???????????????

It's kind of scary. Still, I’m building it for myself. The plot is 4x1.15 meters, it will take 1 cubic meter of concrete and reinforcement - the weight of the entire structure will be around 2.5 tons.

And all this without fastening? They also say the slabs can sag by 1-2cm...

Nope, the option without fastening is not our way at all...

One key carries about 6 tons, if my memory serves me correctly. Whenever we design a MU device at home, it’s a fairly common practice. Their construction uses only concrete and reinforcement and no channels or drilling of slabs.

Once the concrete sets, everything will stand together and will not fall anywhere, believe me.

Actually it's up to you

If according to MU there are no partitions, then you can simply fill it with concrete, but not to the full height, 12-15 cm is enough. Just place the formwork higher than the bottom of the slabs. Lay the reinforcement every 20-25 cm, you can punch holes right in the sidewall of the slabs, they are already marked there, and insert the reinforcement.

It is better to throw a masonry mesh on the bottom of the concrete. You need little reinforcement, the main thing is the mesh at the bottom.

I poured a MU (monolithic section) 3.5 * 2 meters, thickness 10 cm, with a partition on top. Nothing fell or cracked. It is better to make the concrete stronger, grade 250-300 (a cube like 6-7 bags should yield cement)

If you're scared, look at how it's built landing V residential buildings, size 1.50*2*20 thickness 6 cm, frame mesh of 5mm reinforcement with a cell of 15*15 cm. I looked at this at the factory.

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What's the point of such a thin design? Lighten the weight? or make your work easier? I don't understand yet...

Quote:

because anyway, then pull out the ceiling of the 1st floor, level the floor of the second, then that’s what it will do..... it’s just that this ipatorium will be later

Jurij Pralna says - in the side of the slab there are round recesses (the top/bottom of which was drilled into) when pouring, this cow (MU) will have a serious snag with the slabs... Here I just want to add that all my plates are welded together so that didn't move relative to each other. The ears to which the crane is attached were scalded with fittings... Just in case there was an earthquake or something else

this is called anchoring the slabs, the slabs are pulled together with twist anchors and the whole thing is welded to the hinges in the slab. The slabs are anchored not only to each other but also to the walls by placing one end of the anchor into the wall and the other end is also welded to the loop. The slabs are anchored one at a time in increments of no more than 3 m.

Quote:

Drilling is an extra ipatorium. Serious engagement with the slabs occurs due to the dowels. MU must be poured to the entire height of the slab, that is, 220 mm.

A very useful collection - I’m thinking about it now - how simple it turns out. At first I thought that I needed to drill into the edges of the opposing slabs and insert reinforcement there - but here it is.

What did you do at your own construction site?

Wow, the topic is two and a half years old... Unfortunately, there are no photos, but fill in the gap with m/s PP... it’s described enough here. For those who are very worried about the slabs coming apart and other phobias, when you lay the reinforcement, provide outlets for transverse reinforcement, weld some of the ends with eyes for hooking the slabs (the rest will go under the screed). When the concrete hardens, you will get a stone (reinforced) and not only “ground” to the PP, but also “tied” to them.

I filled the void between the slabs with a width of 0.6 m. I drilled into the slabs at the bottom edge and inserted the reinforcement across. He threw 2 longitudinal rods onto it. On top I put 3 cardboard tubes from under the linoleum. I tied it to the reinforcement and filled everything with concrete. The result was a hollow jumper.

Construction of a private house is a complex and labor-intensive task, within which it is necessary to perform various types of work. For example, it may be necessary to fill a monolithic section between floors due to the fact that it is not possible according to the design to form a ceiling entirely from slabs. This happens very often in cases of forming flights of stairs or when it is necessary to lay various communication elements between the slabs. It is quite possible to form a monolithic section between the slabs with your own hands. Although this work is labor-intensive, it is quite doable if you adhere to all building codes and regulations.

In the process of forming a monolith section between floor slabs, it is important to correctly perform the following work:

• install supports and form formwork;
• form a reinforcement mesh;
• prepare concrete mixture;
• pour concrete correctly.

Correct execution of these types of work will allow you to create a strong and reliable section of the monolith between the floor slabs in the required location.

Required materials and tools

Considering that the work on constructing a concrete floor section consists of different stages, it is necessary to prepare a number of materials for each of them. The list of such materials may vary due to various factors, including the distance between the slabs that needs to be poured. The standard list looks like this:

• plywood or boards to create a direct surface for pouring mortar and side formwork, construction film;
• wooden beams or metal channels to create a horizontal support on which plywood or a plank pallet will be laid;
• timber (120-150 mm), wooden beams or channels to create load-bearing supports under the formwork platform;
• reinforcing bars (15-25 mm), wire for tying, metal chairs for installing reinforcing bars at the required height (reinforced mesh can also be used);
• M400 cement, sand, crushed stone, water for mixing concrete;
• concrete mixer;
• circular saw for cutting beams, boards, plywood, as well as metal reinforcing rods;
• a shovel, a bayonet tool, a trowel or a rule for leveling the surface of the floor area between the slabs, a protective film for covering this area.

The amount of all materials depends directly on the distance between the concrete slabs that needs to be covered and the overall area occupied by the monolithic section of the floor. Typically, in private houses such a section of flooring is not very large, so its formation is not too difficult a task. However, at the same time, you should still adhere to clear phasing and rules for working with building materials and structures.

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Stages of work on forming a monolithic section between floor slabs

The monolithic section of the floor between the slabs is formed in approximately the same way as any. Given the small area of ​​such a site, the work, of course, is simplified, but it is necessary to adhere to all building codes and regulations. Therefore, no matter what distance between concrete slabs is poured, all stages of work must be carried out carefully, on which the reliability of the monolithic structure created independently will depend.

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Installation of supports and formwork

First, we form the formwork for the monolithic section, which must have such mechanical and strength characteristics as to hold a large mass of concrete solution for a long period of time, which will dry for quite a long time.

Installation of formwork is carried out as follows:

1. We form the bottom of the formwork. To do this, you can first take a sheet of plywood or boards and stuff them onto the beams used as load-bearing elements for the bottom. The distance between floor slabs required for filling in a private house is usually not very large. In this regard, forming the bottom of the formwork is very simple. Before forming the reinforcement grid, it is advisable to cover the bottom with construction film or even simple roofing felt.
2. On both sides, the lateral boundaries of the monolithic section will be floor slabs. The third is usually a wall. Therefore, the side of the formwork will require the use of one simple board. Even if you need to install a side formwork board on both sides, this will also not be difficult.
3. We place vertical supports under the beams or boards used as the main retaining elements of the bottom and secure them in such a way as to completely eliminate the possibility of the formwork bottom slipping off the load-bearing vertical supports. Often they even use a unifork for this. However, in private construction conditions, without special supporting equipment, individual parts of the formwork structure can be fixed to each other using nails, staples, etc.
4. It is extremely important that the bases of the load-bearing supports of the formwork rest firmly on the plane of the floor. To do this, you may need to compact the soil, lay down some tile or board material, etc. It all depends on what kind of floor is on the construction site at the time of creating the monolithic floor section.

Having created a reliable formwork and made sure of its strength, you can proceed to the next stage of work.

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Formation of reinforcement grid

No matter how small the monolithic area created between the floor slabs is, it must be reinforced. If the distance between the floor slabs is more than 1.5 meters, then it is advisable to use reinforced mesh in addition to reinforcing bars. If the gap is small, it will be enough to install two layers of lattice made of rods.

The reinforcement grid is formed quite simply:

1. We saw off the rods of the required length based on the formation of the reinforcing lattice in increments of 15-20 cm. We tie the rods together using wire. We form two layers of such a reinforcing lattice.
2. When using reinforcing mesh, we place the first layer of the grid on special metal “cups” that lift the grid 5 cm from the bottom of the formwork. Then we lay the mesh and put another layer of reinforcing mesh on top of it.
3. A small area between the floor slabs can be reinforced using a conventional frame made of rods - without mesh. The frame needs to be formed in two layers, so that each of them is 5 cm away from the edge of the floor slab. All work can be done without welding machine. simply tying the rods together using ordinary metal wire.

Sometimes you can find a recommendation that reinforcing bars must be inserted into holes pre-drilled in the floor slabs. This should not be done. The created monolithic section will rest on the mounting recesses, which necessarily exist along the side planes of any floor slab model. Such mounting recesses can be longitudinal or round (glass-shaped). They are quite enough to provide reliable support for a monolithic concrete section between slabs.

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Concrete mixture and its pouring

When starting to mix concrete mortar, you need to make sure there is sufficient quantity the materials needed for it. Having calculated how much volume needs to be poured, it is necessary to calculate how much cement, sand, crushed stone and water will be required to prepare the solution. This is done using a simple formula. For a medium-sized monolithic site, grade 200 concrete is suitable. For private construction, it will be enough to use M400 cement to mix this grade of concrete. The calculation for 1 m³ of such a solution is made from the following mass indicators of all materials:

• 280 kg of cement M400;
• 740 kg of sand (approximately 0.55 m³);
• 1250 kg of crushed stone;
• 180 liters of water.

It is very simple to calculate how many cubic meters of solution you need in total, because a monolithic section is usually a rectangular parallelepiped. And having prepared everything necessary materials, you can start mixing the solution in a concrete mixer.

When working with a concrete mixer, you should follow a few simple rules:

• do not exceed the rated load of the concrete mixer;
• install the concrete mixer only on a flat surface;
• unload the prepared solution first into a separate container, and then evenly transfer it to the required location.

The last rule is not relevant if the solution will be supplied directly from the concrete mixer into the formwork we have prepared under the inter-tile monolith section. In addition, it is very important that no more than 2-3 hours pass between the individual stages of pouring the solution. If the area is not wide, it is best to do everything in one pour. After pouring the mortar into the formwork, it is necessary to level the surface of the filled area with a rule or trowel. It is very convenient to use a flat board for this with emphasis on the floor slabs between which the monolithic section is poured.