Do-it-yourself insulation of the foundation with penoplex. Insulation of the foundation with penoplex

The living conditions in the house are determined by the reliability, quality of the foundation, and timely insulation. One of the most effective ways Eliminating cold bridges and preventing freezing of the base is the installation of penoplex - a polymer material. To produce it, the liquid polymer mass is foamed using carbon dioxide and freon. This article will tell you how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands using penoplex foam effectively and for a long time.

Penoplex and its features

Penoplex is a set of closed cells, inside of which there is air, which increases the thermal insulation qualities of the material. An additional advantage of such a structure is minimal moisture absorption, no more than 0.5% of the total volume of insulation. The diameter of each granule is 0.2 mm or less. General structure It turns out dense, resistant to external influences.

There are options on sale with grooves and ridges that facilitate installation. There are practically no gaps in the finished coating that reduce the strength of the structure.

Buyers are offered slabs of 600x1200 mm, the thickness varies between 20-100 mm.

If we compare the thermal conductivity qualities of penoplex and other materials, then a layer 20 mm thick is comparable to:

• sheets of mineral wool from 38 mm;
• wood from 250 mm or more;
• cellular concrete from 270 mm.

Foundation insulation options

Among the main methods of foundation insulation it is necessary to highlight:

• insulation of external side surfaces and base. This option is relevant for structures with significant depth. The main advantage is bearing structures buildings do not freeze. As a result, the house is warmer in winter and heating costs are reduced. Special glue is used for fixation. It is recommended to use dowels only on the base so that cold bridges do not form at the base.

• installation of insulation boards under the base of the foundation. The main problem to be solved is the consequences of soil heaving in winter time. Additionally, a warm blind area using foam boards is installed around the entire perimeter. A relative disadvantage is that the insulation is laid before concrete is poured and reinforcement is installed.

For the blind area, a cushion of sand and crushed stone is constructed around the building. Insulation is placed on top and concreting is done;

• foundation. It is practically not used as an independent species. A significant effect will only be achieved in combination with other types of work. The entire building structure will not be protected from winter cold.

To avoid complex and time-consuming digging of a trench after putting the house into operation, it is better to carry out insulation work at the stage of pouring the foundation. Otherwise, a large amount of excavation work cannot be avoided.

Advantages of penoplex as insulation

The following advantages are most important for the consumer:

• mechanical impacts will not lead to damage to the waterproofing layer when using slabs. Groundwater will not penetrate into the basement and will not be able to destroy the structure of the walls;
• the house becomes drier, the microclimate becomes more comfortable. The dew point moves closer to the outer surface;
• thermal insulation material is not destroyed under the influence of high and low temperatures, including seasonal ones ranging from -500С to +750С. Numerous freezing/thawing cycles do not disturb the cellular structure. The service life of the entire building is significantly increased;
• thermal conductivity is in the range of 0.03-0.032 W/(m*°K). There are enough slabs for high-quality insulation minimum thickness, which significantly reduces the total cost of work;
• withstands compression loads of up to 27 t/sq.m. without changes or deformations. m., which is enough even for a multi-storey building;
• the low weight of the slabs itself does not lead to a heavier structure and the need to strengthen the foundation;
• resistance to chemical reagents, aggressive liquids. Mold and fungal spores do not form on the surface. Penoplex is not attractive as food for mice and rats. The total service life without replacement is at least 50 years;
• absence of volatile substances harmful to humans. The material is considered safe and can be used in the construction of children's and medical institutions;
• easy and quick installation due to tongue-and-groove system with minimum consumption glue. You can cut the slab to the desired size using a regular knife.

Disadvantages of using penoplex

Each technology and material has its disadvantages. And in this case they take place. We are talking about instability to fire. Like any “representative” of the foam family, this one quickly melts and burns. The problem is mitigated only by the fact that there will be soil on top - a natural obstacle to the path of the flame.

Insulation technology

If the house has already been built and put into operation, then the owner who wants to live in warmth and comfort will face a significant amount of work on digging out, cleaning the walls from dirt and earth, installing slabs and backfilling.

To work you will need:

• insulation directly. To determine the quantity, you will have to remember school course mathematics, measure the length and width of the foundation and calculate its area. Next, all that remains is to divide the resulting number by 0.72 (the area of ​​one sheet) and obtain the desired value.

1. dowels for mounting on a plinth with a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 120 mm;
2. primer;
3. reinforcing mesh. Choose from stainless metal or polymers;
4. adhesive composition for mounting slabs on acrylic-based foundations;
5. sealant for joints.

The top edge is masked using special galvanized steel profiles. If the insulation does not reach the surface of the ground, skip this point.

Required tools:

1. container for adhesive solution;
2. construction mixer and level;
3. hammer drill Without it, it will not be possible to drill concrete for dowels;
4. spatula for removing soil and applying glue;

Important points when choosing insulation boards

Russia - very, very big country with many climatic zones. What is good for Krasnodar is unacceptable in Krasnoyarsk. Manufacturers take this into account and offer insulation boards designed for a specific region.

But you can do the calculations yourself so that you don’t feel bad about wasted money later. Based on the following formula:

R = H1: K1 + H2: K2, where

R is the heat transfer resistance calculated for a specific region and climate;

H1 and H2 - thickness of the base wall and insulation sheet, respectively;

and K1 and K2 are thermal conductivity coefficients calculated for the base and penoplex.

To carry out complete insulation, it is important to calculate H2 - the thickness of the insulation sheets. If the number is a fraction, rounding is done up. As mentioned earlier, for greater effect, use two layers of thinner slabs than one thick one.

Freeing from the soil

The owner of a residential building has to do great job. Initially, the underground part of the foundation will have to be completely excavated. Important: some construction experts do not recommend carrying out the procedure along the entire perimeter at once, as this will significantly weaken the structure. It is enough to dig up to 10 meters at a time.

How to perform the work, simultaneously or in parts, is up to the owner to decide. But in the second case, the insulation process risks becoming endless. An additional problem is that the optimal trench width should be at least 1 meter. Otherwise it will be difficult to work.

Excavation of the foundation is used for another purpose - installation of a drainage system. This is relevant for coastal settlements and areas with high groundwater levels. Drain pipe laid at a distance of up to half a meter from the house at the level of the sand and gravel cushion. A slope is required (2 cm per 1 meter of pipe) and output to storm sewer or a well.

The cleared foundation is thoroughly cleaned of soil and debris using an iron brush with stiff bristles. The surface must be absolutely clean. Otherwise, you cannot count on good adhesion.

If there are irregularities, cracks, or chips, they must be carefully repaired and leveled with plaster mortar. Should not come to the surface reinforcement mesh, capable of tearing the waterproofing membrane.

For the preparation of plaster mortar one part cement is mixed with four parts sand. Important: the composition should not be liquid, but plastic. This will help prevent the composition from spreading over the surface. And the setting period will decrease. The work is done from top to bottom. The composition is “thrown” onto the wall using a construction trowel. Alignment is carried out using a rule. Excess solution is removed.

Arrangement of waterproofing

Penoplex is a water-resistant material. But, if waterproofing is not carried out, moisture coming from below will accumulate in the cracks, destroying the structure of the base. You can avoid this in one of two ways:

• using bitumen mastic;
• pasting the foundation with rolled insulating material.

Mastic is used, both homemade and purchased. For the first option, machine oil is added to the melted bitumen to give better plasticity to the mass. For every 150 kg of dry bitumen, 50 liters of oil are added. If this is not done, in winter the mastic will crack, unable to withstand temperature changes.

Apply liquid waterproofing on pre-dried and leveled walls. Layer thickness - 2-4 mm. There should be no untreated areas or unfilled pores left on the surface. For greater reliability, it is placed on top roll waterproofing. On stacks there is an overlap of at least 10 cm. Laying is done from bottom to top.

A gas burner is required for installation. The back side of each sheet is heated and quickly applied to the wall. Air bubbles are removed by smoothing. During the heating process, there must be at least 25 cm between the burner and the waterproofing. Otherwise, the material may catch fire. The joints are additionally coated with bitumen.

Penoplex installation

Only after laying the waterproofing proceed to laying the insulation sheets directly. The work is carried out from the bottom up. The adhesive mass is not applied to the entire surface of the slab, but in dots - 5-6 on each.

The sheet with the glue applied is applied to the wall of the house and pressed tightly for a minute or two. Then, by analogy, the rest are laid, taking into account the grooves and ridges. For strength, the seams are treated with glue or sealant ( polyurethane foam). The next layer of penoplex is laid in the same way, but offset relative to the seams of the first.

On the basement part of the house, the sheets are additionally fastened with dowels (5-6 pieces) per sheet. The fastening points are treated with acrylic-based glue to prevent dents. The surface must be smooth. Proceed to the next step once the glue has completely cured.

Dowels are not used on foundations for two reasons:

• so as not to create cold bridges;
• so that the waterproofing sheets remain intact and without damage.

Finishing

Contact of insulation with open ground may lead to loss of consumer qualities. To prevent this from happening, all surfaces are treated with plaster. As an alternative - several layers of acrylic-based glue.

Previously, both on the foundation and on the plinth using construction stapler A fiberglass mesh is attached for reinforcement. At the junction of the sheets there is an overlap of at least 10-15 cm.

Once the plaster or glue is completely dry, backfill the trench. For additional thermal insulation, replace part of the soil with expanded clay. Important: leave at least 30 cm to the surface for arranging the blind area.

Installation of blind areas around the house

All work and labor will be nullified if the underground part of the building freezes. It is equally important to minimize the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the foundation. This can be done using insulated blind areas. An additional advantage is that there will be no condensation, which is harmful to concrete. The building will have a comfortable microclimate, and its useful life will increase significantly.

For blind areas around the perimeter of the house, soil 1.5-2 meters wide is removed to a depth of 0.3 meters. The entire space is filled with sand and compacted. Roofing felt is placed on top with mandatory gluing of the seams using bitumen.

Along the edge of the future blind area, formwork is made from boards or other available material. Penoplex and a layer of polyethylene film are laid on top of the roofing material, extending to the base.

From above, everything is poured with concrete with a slight slope away from the house. Otherwise, water will seep under the foundation and erode the foundation. The formwork is removed after the concrete has completely hardened (28 days). It is important not to allow the mixture to dry out prematurely. For better adhesion, the concrete is covered with a thick black film for all time.

How to insulate the base of a foundation

As soon as the sand cushion is filled and compacted, it is poured thin layer concrete mixture. Reinforcement is done later. After the concrete has set, insulation with a thickness of 50-10 mm is laid on it. Gaps are not allowed. A layer of plastic film is placed on top. The joints are sealed with tape. Polyethylene will prevent contact between concrete and insulation.

• formwork is installed;
• fittings are installed;
• concrete is poured.

Timely insulation, carried out in accordance with standards, guarantees the absence of freezing and long service life of the building. The advantage of penoplex is that it does not require any special skills in operation or careful care afterwards.

Video about insulating the foundation of a house with penoplex

Insulation of the foundation base- an important process, the implementation of which allows you to cope with a number of tasks.

External insulation allows significantly reduce heat loss building, and also increases the service life of the base, which is susceptible to atmospheric phenomena that destroy it.

(penoplex) - the most popular material for insulating the base as with inside, and outside. This material is in high demand because:

• its cost is low;
• he has excellent thermal insulation properties;
• is characterized by high strength;
• easy to install;
• does not burn;
• waterproof.

Maximum effective is the insulation of the blind area and foundation in the complex. The work must be carried out according to a certain algorithm, and the first step is surface preparation:

Before proceeding with the installation of insulation after the primary base preparation, should be applied waterproofing material.

Most often used bitumen mastic, characterized by low cost and ease of use.

The mastic is applied to the entire area of ​​the base with a brush and left until completely dry. Not recommended preheat the material and glue it directly to it - this design will not last long.

Don't mix mastic acetone or gasoline, since these solvents will destroy penoplex by reacting with it. Mastic can be purchased ready-to-use or made independently by melting bitumen in a container and mixing with waste machine oil in a ratio of 1:3, which will give the material greater elasticity and the mastic will not crack even in severe frosts.

It should be applied in a layer 3-5 mm thick. After application, you must wait until it dries completely. Next stage- gluing waterproofing sheets, for example TechnoNIKOL, carried out using gas burners, which should be kept at a distance of at least 20 cm from the surface to be treated so as not to damage the material.

Penoplex sheets are laid with an overlap of 8-10 cm on each other, and the joints themselves should be coated with mastic. Thus the foundation will be completely protected from moisture.

Waterproofing TechnoNIKOL characterized by increased flexibility and ductility, which are preserved even with sub-zero temperature. The company achieved plasticity of the material by impregnating waterproofing sheets with polymers.

In the line of bitumen-polymer sheets you can choose the most suitable material in terms of price and quality, for example:

1. Bikrost- most inexpensive option, but the service life of this material does not exceed 10 years.
2. Linocrom, Bicroelast- materials are average price category, with proper use they will last about 15 years.
3. Uniflex- this material refers to goods with a price above average. It consists of five layers made of different materials, so its range of applications is quite wide, and its service life reaches up to 25 years.
4. Technoelast- the most expensive material, which differs from those listed above in its longer service life (up to 30 years) and excellent quality characteristics.

Now you need to glue the foam boards, for which glue is used, most often acrylic. When gluing the boards, the following requirements are observed::

• the glue is applied to the slabs pointwise; after gluing, it must cover at least 40% of the entire area of ​​the material;
• the slabs are installed vertically, from bottom to top;
• penoplex must be pressed against the wall for at least 1 minute so that the glue sets properly;
• the first row of slabs is the lowest, it is laid along the entire perimeter of the foundation;
• the second row and subsequent rows of slabs are mounted above the first;
• when laying the material, it is important to ensure that the grooves on the tiles match, which will avoid large gaps between them;
• For additional fastening, you can use umbrella dowels; it is enough to use 4-6 pieces for each tile.

Important! When insulating the base, all gaps between the plates should be filled with acrylic glue or polyurethane foam.

A layer is placed on top of the penoplex fiberglass mesh, protecting the material from damage. The cladding is carried out using plaster, which enhances the waterproofing and thermal insulation properties of previously installed materials.

Advantages and disadvantages of insulation

For external insulation of the base you can use several types of insulation, which differ in cost and characteristics. These include:

1. - the cheapest material, but it is strictly not recommended for use for insulation wooden houses, since it is not only flammable, but also actively supports combustion. In order to fire safety it is worth using other materials.
2. . The cost of this material is higher than polystyrene foam, but this is compensated by its high thermal insulation properties. In addition, it is not flammable, does not allow moisture to pass through, is durable and has a porous structure with microcells.
3. . The material has a minimal coefficient of thermal conductivity; it easily sticks when sprayed to any surface, forming an even monolithic layer. Polyurethane foam is applied using a special sprayer, in several layers, the thickness of each of which must be at least 15 mm. The only drawback This insulation is due to its high cost.

When choosing Choose the most suitable insulation based on its thermal insulation and waterproofing properties, flammability and price.

Nuances that should be taken into account when insulating the base

If the foundation of the house is deepened, then before carrying out insulation work it is necessary to dig a trench along the entire base, with a depth to its base and a width of half a meter to one and a half meters.

Upon completion of the work, the trench is buried with the same soil or it will be replaced with sand, improving thermal insulation.

and a depth of about 30 cm a ten-meter layer of sand is poured from the top of the trench and compacted tightly. After this, roofing material is laid, the width of which is slightly greater than the width of the dug trench, and its joints are coated with bitumen.

When the bitumen hardens, on top of the roofing material, penoplex is glued to the bottom of the trench with acrylic glue, its joints are coated with polyurethane foam or the same glue. After the glue has dried, you should make a concrete screed with a slope away from the base, which will allow excess moisture to be drained away from the house.

Final finishing the plinth can be made of clinker tiles, stone or using other materials. Insulating the foundation base helps reduce heat loss by more than 20%. Carrying out the work also protects the base from mechanical damage, protects against the formation of cracks and mold, and the development of fungus.

If you don't external thermal insulation, That foundation service life is significantly reduced due to the fact that it is exposed to harmful factors - frost, moisture. You can carry out external insulation of the foundation plinth with your own hands; for this you should purchase materials and carefully study the technology for carrying out the work.

For a master class on insulating the foundation base from the outside, watch the video step by step:

The foundation of a house is a high-quality and reliable foundation. Its strength determines the durability and integrity of the entire structure. When constructing the foundation they are used best designs and components. However, in addition to this, the foundation needs protection from harmful external factors. And the main role here is played by the technology of foundation insulation.

Insulating the foundation with penoplex or expanded polystyrene will help to avoid the consequences associated with temperature changes. Penoplex and expanded polystyrene materials are high-quality modern insulation materials with enhanced water-repellent and thermal insulation qualities.

Why do you need to insulate the foundation?

Some homeowners do not strive to insulate the foundation in their private home. They think that if living rooms don't fit with base part home and have their own high-quality thermal insulation, in additional insulation there is no need for a foundation. However, there are several reasons why foundation insulation should be carried out:

1. The base of the foundation is located very deep, often below the freezing level of the soil, and does not experience significant temperature changes. The upper part of the foundation is subject to constant freezing and defrosting. Due to such a temperature difference, structural stress and metal “fatigue” arise. To heat the entire foundation equally, you need high-quality insulation.
2. Noticeable heat savings. A bulky foundation and base cause heat loss. At the right technology By insulating the foundation, about 30% of heat is saved.
3. When insulating the foundation of a private house, the dew point comes out. This eliminates the formation of condensation due to temperature differences.
4. Additional waterproofing. Soil moisture will not penetrate into the foundation and affect Negative influence for the entire structure. The insulation also reliably protects outer layer laid waterproofing, vulnerable to mechanical damage.
5. Along with insulating the foundation with penoplex, insulation is often carried out soil backfill. In this case, a horizontal thermal insulation belt is placed at the level of the sole or under the blind area (depending on the depth of the foundation). This minimizes the risk of soil heaving with subsequent deformation of the foundation.

Types of insulation

Not all types of insulation are equally good for thermal insulation of the foundation. First of all, you need to remember that the insulation will be affected by high humidity and various mechanical influences.

For external insulation The most commonly used foundation materials are:

1. Priming. The oldest and cheap way foundation insulation. He is also the most labor-intensive.
2. Expanded clay. Quite a popular insulation material, often combined with ground insulation. To use it, additional formwork is required.
3. Expanded polystyrene. Today it is the most common material for external foundation insulation. Work can be carried out on an already constructed foundation.

Each material uses its own insulation technology.

If it is impossible to insulate the foundation from the outside for various reasons, you can insulate the foundation from the inside. There are also several options here:

1. Sprayed polyurethane foam.
2. Extruded polystyrene foam, or penoplex.
3. Foamed polyethylene with an additional foil layer.

Most often when internal insulation Sprayed polyurethane foam is used for the foundation. To apply the layer, simply spray the material on the walls, floor and ceiling of the basement.

Penoplex – universal insulation, used in insulating the foundation of a house, basement and blind area, as well as walls, roofing and even balconies. Each technology for insulating a house from the outside or inside can use its own type of penoplex with certain performance characteristics. Among the standard properties of penoplex are:

1. Penoplex slabs have a fine-porous structure. All pores have a size of 0.1-0.2 mm. and are isolated. Uniform placement of pores makes penoplex insulation warm and durable.
2. Penoplex practically does not absorb moisture. Tests were carried out, according to which penoplex insulation was immersed in water for a month. In the first ten days, the liquid was absorbed in small quantities. After this time, the penoplex stopped absorbing moisture. At the end of the tests, the amount of liquids in the foam boards was less than 0.6 percent.
3. Low thermal conductivity. Penoplex can be used in places with high humidity without loss of quality. This allows you to insulate the foundation, basement, plinth and other parts of a private house with penoplex.
4. Long service life. Penoplex insulation can withstand many freezing and thawing cycles. According to experts, insulating the foundation base from the outside with penoplex will function properly for half a century.
5. Resistance to loads. Thanks to extrusion, penoplex insulation has a uniform structure. After insulating the foundation with penoplex with your own hands, the material does not change size and does not deform under any load.
6. Ease of installation and maintenance of penoplex There are many photos and videos on the Internet that clearly show how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside and inside. When working with penoplex, you don’t have to worry about bad weather.

The basis of high-quality insulation is right choice materials. You cannot make a mistake with your choice, otherwise there will be no effect from the insulation.

High-quality modern insulation must have several characteristics:

1. Minimum thermal conductivity.
2. High moisture resistance, preventing the penetration of moisture into the foundation.
3. strength and ability to withstand high soil pressure.

Extruded polystyrene foam or penoplex - durable and environmentally friendly pure material, resistant to various external influences. It can withstand severe frosts and does not allow moisture to pass through. Most often, expanded polystyrene is used to insulate monolithic and belt type with your own hands.

Polystyrene foam is often used to insulate foundations from the inside. External use depends on climatic conditions and other factors. The main advantage of this material is its low price.

Expanded polystyrene and polystyrene foam are lightweight, convenient and cheap materials for insulating the foundation of a house. The market is saturated with offers, and every seller claims that his polystyrene foam is the best. To choose high-quality polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam for insulating the foundation of a house, basement or blind area, you need to know several nuances:

1. When insulating the foundation of a house, it is worth taking self-tightening penoplex.
2. Any technology for insulating the foundation with expanded polystyrene from the outside and inside requires the presence of high-quality material. To evaluate the quality, you need to slightly break the penoplex. If the fracture is uneven and there are small balls inside, this is not quality material for thermal insulation. If the fracture is even and regular polyhedra are visible inside, penoplex is considered to be of high quality, and with its help you can both insulate the foundation of a house from the outside and protect the blind area.

Polyurethane foam is a high-quality material that easily connects to the building and has no seams. It has excellent waterproofing properties and is resistant to large temperature changes. However, the installation of such insulation on the base and blind area is quite complicated and requires specialized equipment and great experience.

Penoplex is used when it is necessary to insulate a columnar foundation. Penoplex is produced in the form of special plates various thicknesses and has high reliability and durability.

Guided by these instructions and many photos, you can easily select best material for insulation of the foundation base.

How to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands: the best insulation options

Before you insulate the foundation from the outside with your own hands, you should familiarize yourself with various options foundation insulation. In each case, the insulation method is selected individually. The type of foundation, soil, and temperature changes are taken into account. When choosing a technology, they also determine whether it is necessary to insulate the foundation of a house without a basement or with a basement and look at the photo to see what the house will look like after insulation.

There are two main ways to insulate the foundation of a building. The main difference is the time of work. The first method involves installing insulation during the process of pouring the foundation. The second option is to install foundation insulation after concrete casting will mature.

More often self-insulation foundation is carried out during the construction process. In order for thermal insulation to be as effective as possible, it is better to insulate the foundation from the inside and outside.

One of the simplest options for insulating a foundation with your own hands is to use permanent formwork under construction. Formwork is robust design, into which they pour concrete mortar during the construction of the foundation. It can be made from a variety of materials. Polystyrene foam formwork is quite popular. At a fairly high cost, several times higher than the price of a removable wooden formwork, expanded polystyrene will serve as an excellent insulation material.

Using expanded polystyrene, you can both insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands and provide thermal insulation for the blind area.

After the casting has matured, you can use various technologies for insulating the foundation. High-quality thermal insulation of the foundation of a private house from the outside is ensured using expanded polystyrene, polystyrene foam, penoplex and other materials.

Do-it-yourself foundation insulation technology with penoplex: video

Penoplex material is produced in the form of slabs with a constant width (600 millimeters) and with variable length and thickness. Insulation of the foundation with penoplex can be done independently. There are many videos and photos on this topic on our website. It is enough to follow a certain technology for insulating the foundation.

Depending on what type of foundation is used when building a house, various technologies for insulating the foundation with penoplex foam are used.

Strip foundations are used in the construction of cottage-type houses. Such a foundation is a monolithic strip of reinforced concrete laid along the perimeter of the building. The technology for insulating the foundation base with penoplex with your own hands is as follows:

1. A trench is dug along the foundation. The width is from a meter, the depth corresponds to soil freezing. The trench walls are leveled cement mortar.
2. Gravel or sand is poured into the bottom of the trench and then compacted thoroughly. Foam slabs are laid on the compacted base to protect the lower part of the foundation from groundwater.
3. Laying waterproofing. Here you can use special bitumen mastic or rolled waterproofing material secured with assembly adhesive.
4. Laying insulation on the outside of the house. Here you will need glue, which must be applied pointwise to the surface. Then penoplex is applied to the surface and pressed. The foam sheet must be held until the glue sets - about a minute. Subsequent sheets are laid in the same way, the seams between the sheets are foamed. This provides better thermal insulation.

With a recessed type of foundation, thermal insulation is carried out in a similar way. The brick base should also be insulated from the inside

Instructions for laying penoplex on a columnar foundation from the outside are as follows:

1. The outside of the supports must be covered with a waterproofing layer. Here you can use bitumen or mastic with a roofing felt pad.
2. The laying of penoplex slabs takes place with the expectation that they should cover the grillage and base by 30-40 cm.
3. When installing penoplex, a specialized adhesive solution or disc-shaped dowels are used. The seams between the tiles are foamed.

When using a slab foundation, the technology for insulating the foundation with penoplex with your own hands is as follows:

1. A trench is being dug. The width is about a meter, the depth is to the level of soil freezing. The bottom is leveling out.
2. Falls asleep at the bottom river sand. The layer should be 10-15cm. After this, the sand is compacted.
3. Installation of temporary wooden formwork and pouring of the base.
4. Laying foam boards. All gaps are filled with special mounting foam.
5. Laying a waterproofing layer. You can use bitumen or polyethylene.
6. The side walls are insulated after the water-repellent layer and formwork have hardened.

Technology of foundation insulation with polystyrene foam, do-it-yourself polystyrene foam: video

There are many photos and videos on our website that describe the process of insulating the base with penoplex or polystyrene foam. In the photo you can see many nuances familiar only to a specialist. The photo also shows the entire sequence of actions in detail. Insulation of the foundation with polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene from the outside is carried out to the depth of freezing of the soil. This indicator is not constant - each city has its own degree of freezing. The efficiency of insulation when installing insulation below the freezing level is noticeably lower.

When externally insulated with expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam, the use of mechanical fasteners on the outside is not allowed. This may damage the waterproofing layer.

When insulating the foundation with polystyrene foam, the sheets are secured using a special assembly adhesive or by melting the bitumen waterproofing layer in several places. After applying glue or melting, install the foam board and presses tightly.

Installation of slabs occurs from the bottom up, the slabs are laid in one row. The top row is laid end-to-end to the previously installed bottom row. Re-installation and other manipulations with the insulation after its installation on the base are not allowed.

When insulating the foundation with polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, you cannot use slabs of different thicknesses. The layer should be even, tightly adjacent to the base. The slabs are positioned with a slight offset of the joints. I carefully foam the joints themselves.

When using foam and polystyrene boards with stepped edges, they are placed as tightly as possible so that the edges overlap one another. This allows you to remove cold bridges.

The adhesive mixture is selected based on the waterproofing layer. If bitumen waterproofing is used in the form of mastic or rolls, you can use an adhesive composition based on bitumen mastics. The adhesive should not contain solvents that could damage the polystyrene foam.

At the bottom of the foundation, glue is applied pointwise. This allows moisture that accumulates between the base and the foam to drain down.

If the bitumen waterproofing has not dried, installation of insulation is impossible.

Do-it-yourself insulation of the blind area of ​​a house

For high-quality insulation of the blind area of ​​the house with your own hands, you can use polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam.

Expanded polystyrene – perfect choice in conditions of high humidity and stress. This is a lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly material that can last for several decades. When insulating the blind area, sheets of expanded polystyrene 50 or 100 mm wide are used. In the first case they are laid in two layers, in the second case - in one. Dense waterproofing polyethylene is laid on top of the insulation, protecting the joints.

Polyurethane foam is often used in suburban construction. It is used to insulate blind areas, foundations, walls, septic tanks - this can be seen in the photo. However, working with this material requires personal protective equipment in accordance with the instructions. The blind area is insulated using spraying.

Features of insulation of a pile-screw foundation

A pile-screw foundation is a universal structure used in any climate and on any soil. A building on such a foundation is not affected by groundwater.

The main disadvantage is the open space between the soil and the building. Because of this, in houses on a pile-screw foundation, the floor is almost always cold. Most owners of private houses are faced with the problem of how to insulate a pile foundation wooden house with your own hands.

The option of insulating a private house is influenced by many factors: the height and material of the pile pillars, the type of soil, the location of the house and some other features. Depending on the conditions, insulation pile-screw foundation produced in several ways:

1. External foundation insulation. This technology used for low height pile pillars. A frame is erected around the perimeter of the house, from the ground to the walls. Next, any available insulation, for example, penoplex, is installed on the frame.
2. External floor insulation. It is produced when the pillars are high and other features of the location of the house preclude insulation along the perimeter.
3. Full insulation. Foundation insulation is installed from the inside and outside. The process of complete insulation of a pile-screw foundation occurs in several stages:

• Waterproofing of piles and grillage.
• Creating the frame of the base part.
• Installation of external insulation.
• Installation of decorative panels to hide the insulation.
• The inside of the base is insulated with soil or expanded clay.
• Floor insulation. Occurs with outside Houses. First attached vapor barrier material then insulation (most often polystyrene foam), then plank sheathing is laid. After this, the floor can also be used as the upper part of the basement. Details can be seen in the posted photos.

The optimal technology is considered to be complete insulation of the foundation with polystyrene foam. This technology makes it possible to achieve high-quality thermal insulation of the screw piles on which the house stands. The design qualities of this method of insulating the foundation of a house from the outside are confirmed by numerous photos.

Insulation of the basement of a private house is one of the most important finishing works. The condition of the entire house depends on the quality insulation of the basement.

Is it necessary to insulate the foundation of a house without a basement?

A wooden house without a basement also needs high-quality thermal insulation. The foundation of a house without a basement should be insulated by installing thermal insulation materials between the foundation and the floor. Expanded clay or polystyrene are most often used.

Before thermal insulation, the floor is disassembled, the surface underneath is thoroughly cleaned, dried and leveled. Next, a waterproofing layer of polyethylene or foil is laid.

Formwork is installed along the perimeter between the ground and the floor. Expanded clay is poured inside or foam boards are laid. An additional waterproofing layer is laid on top, after which the floor can be laid.

Insulating the foundation of a house without a basement has some differences from insulating the foundation of a house with basement. The main difference is that the insulation layer is located both inside and outside the foundation strip, which prevents freezing of the sole.

Polystyrene foam is a fairly flammable material. To eliminate the possibility of fire, manufacturers use fire retardants. Polystyrene foam with fire retardants is marked FS.

When choosing expanded polystyrene and penoplex for insulating the foundation base, you need to look at the density of the material indicated in the marking. For foundation insulation work expanded polystyrene is suitable marked 35 and above.

Some homeowners choose to use penetrating insulation and insulation. Before using them, you need to consult with a specialist about the compatibility of this insulation with a certain type of foundation.

When insulating the entire base, it is worth leaving ventilation holes so that in the interior there is always Fresh air. In winter, the holes in the base are plugged with special plugs. This will provide thermal insulation.

Insulating the base with foam plastic requires waterproofing and high-quality protection of the blind area using a layer of thermal insulation.

The foundation is the basis of the building, the quality of its installation determines the strength and durability of the entire structure. In addition, a huge amount of heat leaves the house through the foundation, which is why its insulation is the main stage in the process of thermal insulation of the entire home. The technology of insulating the foundation with penoplex is the most common and effective method of insulating a house, which is what this article is devoted to.

Features of penoplex - material for foundation insulation

The most common method of thermal insulation is insulating the foundation with penoplex. This foam polymer material produced by extruding polystyrene foam. During this, cells of a closed structure appear in it, which do not allow moisture to pass through and are not saturated with it. These cells are filled inside with the best heat insulator - air.

Base protection wooden building

Penoplex is produced in the form of slabs of different sizes and thicknesses. Each slab is equipped with grooves, which allows the material to be installed quickly and efficiently (the slabs are tightly coupled through the grooves, which prevents the appearance of seams and gaps).

Methods for insulating the foundation

The horizontal insulation method is used for the foundation of a slab and strip foundation of a house. In this case, penoplex slabs are placed under the foundation base with your own hands. This method protects the base well from freezing.

The vertical method of insulating the foundation involves gluing foam boards to the outer walls of the base and plinth. The slabs are mounted using polymer glue, and in the base area they are also reinforced with dowels.

Insulation options various types foundation

Insulation of blind areas around the house with penoplex slabs. TO this method resort when the soil on which the building stands is very heaving, which leads to deformation. In this case, the foam slabs are laid on a pre-filled special cushion, and a concrete blind area is installed on top of them.

Materials and tools

First of all, you need to prepare the following materials:

Impact natural phenomena on the base

• foam boards;
• glue in a tube or balloon glue-foam (needed to close the mesh);
• umbrella dowel;
• mounting foam for sealing seams (despite the fact that penoplex panels are fastened together with grooves, which seems to eliminate the appearance of through joints, if the sheets cannot be joined, seams are formed that must be sealed with your own hands so that cold air does not penetrate through them);
• bitumen mastic;
• reinforcing mesh made of polymer or metal.

In addition, to insulate the foundation with polystyrene foam you will need the following tools:

• a vessel for diluting glue and a mixer for mixing;
• penoplex cutting knife;
• building level;
• putty knife;
• brush for lubricating with waterproofing mixture;
• drill or hammer drill.

Vertical foundation insulation technology

Vertical insulation of the foundation with foam plastic can be carried out both for buildings under construction and for a completed house. If you are insulating a completed building that has been put into operation for a long time, first the base will have to be excavated to the depth of its occurrence.

The foundation of the house should be cleaned of dust, dirt and soil residues, and leveled with cement mortar. After this you need to carry out coating waterproofing using water-based bitumen mastic. Under no circumstances should solvent-based mastic be used, because penoplex is destroyed by touching it.

Vertical insulation of the base

Before gluing the slabs, it is necessary to make careful markings on the foundation and mark the lower edge of the slabs. If the base is lumpy, then in this case it is better to insulate the foundation with polystyrene foam deeper than the level of the sole.

Penoplex glue is diluted and prepared according to the instructions on the package. To glue a plate with your own hands, you need to apply glue to it pointwise, press it to the required place and hold it for several seconds, pressing it into the surface as hard as possible. When gluing the next plate, it is necessary to correctly align the mounting groove.

To increase the level of thermal insulation of a house, you can glue 2 layers of penoplex to the foundation.

In this case, the slabs of the second row are arranged in a checkerboard pattern relative to the first row, so that the seams of the slabs of the first layer are covered with the second layer.

Horizontal method of insulating a slab foundation

To carry out horizontal insulation of the foundation with polystyrene foam, you need foam tiles thickness from 5 centimeters.

Just as in the first method of insulation, the area allocated for the foundation needs to be marked and also removed upper layer soil to the depth planned during initial construction. During excavation, the top 25-30 cm of soil is removed with your own hands in order to make the bottom more even.

The prepared area is covered with sand and thoroughly compacted. There is no need to reinforce the base; it is enough to make temporary formwork and fill it with a small layer of concrete.

Horizontal insulation

After the concrete layer has dried and hardened, you can begin installing the penoplex slabs. To do this, they need to be carefully laid on the concrete, aligning the grooves and leaving no gaps. To increase waterproofing, you need to lay a thick polyethylene film over the penoplex and tape the joints with tape.

After waterproofing work, you need to make strong formwork with your own hands, perform reinforcement and pour a slab foundation. After it hardens, the formwork can be removed and the side walls can be additionally covered with foam boards.

Soil thermal insulation technology

Thermal insulation of the soil significantly reduces the estimated foundation depth, and therefore reduces total costs for its construction. It is produced by insulating the blind area.

Insulation of the blind area

Thermal insulation of soil is most often carried out after vertical thermal insulation of the foundation. To do this, near the lower edge of the slabs, backfill with sand or gravel is done 15-20 cm below the ground level. Next, plank formwork about 30 cm high is placed at a distance of a meter from the walls.

The bottom of the blind area is carefully compacted and leveled, and foam tiles are laid on it along the perimeter of the base. A polyethylene film is laid over the penoplex and concrete is poured.

After the concrete pad has dried, the formwork can be removed, and the blind area can be decorated with decorative stone trim.

So, insulating the foundation with penoplex prevents freezing of the foundation, does not allow temperature changes and, consequently, the formation of condensation. After the penoplex insulation procedure, which you can easily do yourself, the microclimate in the house improves significantly, which increases the service life of the entire structure.

Among the brands of expanded polystyrene used for insulation of foundation and basement structures, we most often hear the name “Penolex”.

For almost 20 years, the company of the same name from St. Petersburg has been selling its extruded polystyrene foam "Penoplex", which has filled more than half of the expanded polystyrene thermal insulation market in Russia. Not surprisingly, the title is quite quickly trademark has become a household name denoting insulating material based on foamed polystyrene.

New foundation insulation with penoplex, what are the benefits

Without going into the intricacies of production technology and properties of penoplex, it should be noted that the material the best way suitable for lining and insulating the foundation of a house and basement, buried in the ground, for any type of structure made of concrete, metal and brick for the following reasons:

• Penoplex is an extremely lightweight and rot-resistant material with one of the lowest thermal conductivity characteristics. It may compete with polyurethane foam, but insulating the foundation from polyurethane foam is somewhat more expensive;
• Low level of water absorption allows for high-quality insulation foundation of the house with penoplex even in cases where the dew point or condensation temperature of water vapor falls on inner part thermal insulation. In such conditions mineral wool or backfill insulation systems may lose their thermal insulation characteristics;
• Thermal insulation is relatively inexpensive, the price of insulating the foundation with penoplex and the technology for laying slabs is quite affordable even in budget options construction and repair.

Important! Penoplex insulation is not ideal solution. Relatively high strength among foam materials and good thermal insulation provide high-quality insulation only if the installation technology is strictly followed.

The material is made from an ethylbenzene mixture, which is highly toxic. With strong heating or combustion, a huge amount of toxic gases are released, so penoplex has the right place in the foundation insulation system. On the other hand, harmless and non-flammable materials With effective thermal insulation, such as foam glass, are very difficult to install on vertical walls, while to insulate the foundation with penoplex with your own hands, the basic skills of a builder are sufficient. If desired, insulation can be done using penoplex pile foundation, blind areas of any surface, as in the video:

Foundation insulation with penoplex according to science

Before you begin insulation work, you will need to perform several basic preparatory operations:

1. Clean and plaster the outside of the entire accessible foundation mass by hand. The effectiveness of insulation and the strength of thermal insulation with penoplex largely depend on how firmly and tightly the layer of waterproofing and penoplex adheres to the concrete walls. The presence of cavities, pits, humps and bumps can lead to damage or crushing of the heat insulator under soil pressure;
2. Apply a layer of waterproofing to the concrete of the foundation walls. Even if, during the repair and insulation of the foundation of an old house, a lack of waterproofing coating, it is imperative to restore the insulation or lay it with a new layer;
3. Before insulating the foundation of a house, you should take care of the foundation drainage system; without it, the effectiveness of penoplex insulation can decrease significantly.

For your information! The main issue requiring specialist consultation is the practical calculation of the thickness and required number of foam sheets.

Calculation of the thickness of the penoplex sheet and its quantity

To calculate the power of a penoplex sheet for external insulation of walls and foundation blind areas, the well-known formula is most often used:

Penoplex thickness

N p = (A f /A p) * (R * A f - H f), Where:

N p - thickness of the penoplex sheet, H f - thickness of the concrete foundation wall, A f - thermal conductivity coefficient of a concrete wall, its value is 1.7 W/m*K o, A p - thermal conductivity coefficient of thermal insulation, R - heat transfer coefficient for a certain climate zone. As a result, we find that for a freezing depth of 1.3 m, the thickness of the foam insulation should be at least 80 mm. You can choose three sheets 30 mm thick or one 100 mm thick.

The number of foam sheets is determined as the area of ​​the foundation walls plus the area of ​​the blind area to be insulated, multiplied by the perimeter of the building with 7-10% of the reserve, which will be used to compensate for damaged sheets and insulate the corner areas of the blind area. In corner sectors it is necessary to insulate double layer with increased slab width by 20%.

Technology for laying insulation sheets on concrete walls

After cleaning and plastering concrete walls the foundation needs at least a couple of weeks before you can begin to coat the surface with a waterproofing layer. You can use mastics based on a fused bitumen-rubber composition if the second layer is laid with roll insulation made of roofing felt or bikrost.

Alternatively, waterproofing can be done from liquid rubber or make it yourself from tar, bitumen, leftover soft roof and resins. Consumption coating material is quite large, so in many cases they try to make the first layer with a coating based on homemade bitumen mastic.

As a second layer, immediately over the hot layer of coating, you can lay the roofing material and carefully smooth it to the surface of the wall so that folds and bubbles do not form.

Direct laying of penoplex sheets is carried out on an adhesive basis. The adhesive composition is most often prepared on a water basis. Often the shelf life of the glue is short, so before applying the sticker it is worth preparing in advance required amount sheets, cut required sizes and fit the insulation sheets at the joints. When sticking material to the wall, you must follow two rules:

• Glue on reverse side Penoplex is best applied with a notched trowel. This will allow the insulation to be secured as tightly as possible to the foundation of the house;
• The sheets are installed on the surface of the waterproofing with the layers bandaged, which makes it possible to obtain an even and durable layer of thermal insulation.

In addition to cement-acrylic or bitumen adhesive mastics, quite often a polyurethane foam composition is used, similar to assembly grades, but with the least tendency to secondary expansion of the foam. If, when installing sheets, problems arise with leveling the insulation material in one plane, the corner areas of the foam boards can be fixed with plastic mushrooms. Such fasteners are installed similarly to dowels, but with obligatory gluing of the point of damage to the waterproofing layer with mastic.

The final stages of foundation insulation

The laid surface of the penoplex must be covered tightly plastic film, seal with roofing felt or plaster with a layer of acrylic composition. The most expensive way would be to treat with silicone waterproofing mastic, the cheapest would be to finish ordinary plaster. Anyway protective covering should protect the soft foam layer from mechanical damage.

On last stage the foundation is covered with expanded clay or vermiculite. If the soil is too heavy, the lower parts of the insulation can be sewn up wooden board. This will not affect the thermal insulation properties, and the protection will be very reliable.

To insulate the blind area, you will need to make a trench 30-35 cm deep, lay a layer of sand on the bottom and compact the foundations as much as possible for laying the foam. Under the layer of expanded polystyrene it is necessary to put waterproofing in the form of a film or roofing felt, glue it to the foundation wall with bitumen, and only after that lay the insulation. The joints between the plates are sealed with an adhesive mass, and the entire layer is covered with reinforcement, concrete mixture and a screed.

Conclusion

Regardless of the type of extruded polystyrene foam used, it must be provided reliable waterproofing and maximum drainage efficiency. Only in this case can you count on a long service life even with clay soils with severe heaving.