Where to start insulating a brick balcony? Internal insulation of loggia walls: which material is more reliable

IN Lately more and more apartment owners in multi-storey buildings decide to expand their area by adding a balcony. This great option, if you figure out how to properly insulate it from the inside and equip it.

If the balcony is not glazed, windows must be installed before insulation. It is better to choose high-quality double-glazed windows without saving, because the amount of heat in the apartment depends on them. Elements of window structures should fit together as closely as possible to prevent drafts from entering the house.

The balcony is the part of the building that needs insulation more than others, because not all residents use it only as a warehouse. Increasingly, people are starting to equip their balconies as additional space, for example, a personal office. For these and not only reasons, it is necessary to properly insulate the structure from the inside.

Stages of insulating a balcony

In modern technologies for insulating open suspended structures (balconies), internal insulation four types of material are used: foam plastic, penoplex, penofol and mineral wool. Let's consider technological features installation and types cotton insulation, used for thermal insulation of balconies.

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1. First, existing cracks are sealed. You need to carefully examine the balcony and determine their location. You can fix the problem with the help of polyurethane foam, even if the cracks are quite wide, you just need to choose a high-quality one, for example, “Macroflex”, “Soudal”, “Moment Montazh”. After the foam has dried, the excess is trimmed with a utility knife.

2. Waterproofing the balcony from the inside. For these purposes, you can use penetrating waterproofing "Aquatron", "Penetron" and the like. They are applied using a brush, roller or spray method. The advantage of penetrating waterproofing is that it penetrates into the walls, making them more resistant to low temperatures and more durable. In addition, waterproofing eliminates all microcracks that are not visible to the naked eye.

3. Laying thermal insulation material. For this purpose, you can use polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, penoplex, mineral boards, etc.

Laying vapor barrier. You can use polymer “breathable” membranes, vapor barrier films “Izospan”, “Rockwool” and the like, or, as a last resort, penofol, which is laid with the foil side facing the apartment. So the heat leaving the room will return back.

4. Exterior decoration ceiling and walls on the balcony.

Insulation option in which there is no additional insulation

This technique can be used provided that there are materials available that have low vapor permeability (we are talking about materials such as polystyrene foam, penoplex, or extruded polystyrene foam).

No. 1. Insulating a balcony with polystyrene foam: sequence of work

If you chose polystyrene foam as insulation, then the sequence of work is as follows:

After all the cracks have been sealed and waterproofing has been completed, the surface is treated with a primer deep penetration, for example "Ceresit". This can be done with a brush or spray. The primer is poured into a bucket or other container that you don’t mind, then applied to the surface. Carefully work on the walls, ceiling and floor to achieve maximum adhesion of the insulation boards to them.

After applying the primer, you must wait at least six hours, then continue work. If the wall is made of slag concrete, then the primer is carried out twice.

We rested - let's continue. Unpack the polystyrene foam boards. They are attached with glue and fasteners. The glue must be prepared according to the instructions and mixed thoroughly. Then apply it to the first sheet, which is glued to the surface (do not forget to retreat three centimeters from the edges, and leave small gaps between the sheets). Install polystyrene foam sheets in a checkerboard pattern.

Whether to install a vapor barrier or not is up to you. In this case, it is not necessary to do it.

Installation of reinforcing mesh. When all the slabs are securely fixed to the walls or ceiling, the reinforcing mesh should be installed. To do this, the surface of the slabs is treated with glue, and perforated corners are fixed at their corners. The reinforcing mesh is rolled onto the glued surface with a roller, then another layer of glue is applied. When the wall is dry, it is primed and plastered.

No. 2. Balcony insulation with penoplex

Penoplex is actively used for insulating rooms. You can attach it to the surface using bitumen mastics, polyurethane foam or mushroom dowels. Consider the option of mounting on polyurethane foam.

So. Waterproofing is done. Polyurethane foam is applied around the perimeter of the insulation board. It's enough. After application, wait a couple of seconds and fix the slab on the insulated surface. The next slab is laid end to end with the first one. After two days, you can additionally secure the slabs with dowels. Then the whole process is repeated in a similar order as described above. Finish at your own discretion. You can sew up the insulation boards with plastic panels; they look very original.

Advice. If the balcony is intended only for storing essential items, then it is enough to insulate the walls in one layer. If you need to insulate more thoroughly, it is better to lay the insulation in two layers.

No. 3. Balcony insulation with mineral wool: technology features

Insulation of balconies with mineral wool is carried out under the constructed sheathing. A lining is mounted on top of the frame - wooden or plastic panels with special grooves.

A well-known fact is construction recommendation carry out insulation with outside building. However, when insulating balconies and loggias, it is often not possible to place the insulation material outside. The internal placement of the insulation layer requires certain calculations, adherence to technology and correct selection materials so that in the future the work performed will not lead to wetness of the walls, corners and ceilings inside the external structure.

Types of mineral wool

Depending on the raw materials used in production, there are three main types of mineral wool: glass, stone and slag. All three materials are suitable for insulation work.

Mineral wool represents soft material, which does not have rigid dimensions. It is supplied in the form of rolls (they are unwound into a track before laying) or soft mats. Sometimes one side of the insulation is covered with aluminum foil to enhance the thermal insulation properties.

Important! When installing, the foil should be located on the side of the room. The internal heat of the room will be reflected from the foil surface back into the living space.

The thickness of the mineral wool layer determines the quality of insulation and varies in size from 20 to 200 mm.

Mineral wool installation technology

Any type of mineral wool is mounted under the frame, located between outer wall(ceiling, roof) and frame supports. You can use wooden sticks or metal profiles, depending on what kind of cladding will be used in the future.

When using lining for finishing cladding The frame-sheathing walls are constructed of wood. Wooden sticks with a cross section of 150 - 250 cm 2 are installed, while you can save a little internal space on the balcony by installing sticks with a rectangular rather than square section (30 × 50 cm 2, 30 × 70 cm 2).

All racks and horizontal lathing strips are installed below the level. The vertical posts are fastened to the concrete surface of the ceiling and floor anchor bolts. TO vertical supports horizontal ones are attached. If the future cladding is made of plastic lining, the horizontal strips are attached at three levels: knee, hip, shoulder.

For internal insulation with mineral wool, it is mandatory to install a vapor barrier. The cotton material itself is breathable; it easily allows gaseous substances (air, steam) to pass through.

Considering that with internal insulation, the point of condensation formation moves into the insulation, it is necessary to limit the penetration of steam or air from living quarters into the construction wool. For these purposes, a vapor barrier film is laid between the mineral wool and the finishing.

Interior decoration

Purpose of interior decoration:

1. Close the heat insulation material from the living space.
2. Create an aesthetically pleasing interior covering for the walls of a room or insulated loggia.

Exist various materials for interior decoration of balconies (plasterboard, wood, plastic, plaster). With a previously constructed lattice frame, finishing is done by hanging various types panels: plywood, MDF, wood or plastic lining.

The final finishing with clapboard is carried out by covering the walls with wooden (or plastic) clapboard panels, which have special grooves around the perimeter for ease of installation and tightness of fastening. At the same time, plastic lining is often a cheaper simulator wooden covering, laid according to internal walls balcony (or loggia). It is characterized by less strength and rigidity.

Wooden car panels are reliable, environmentally friendly, and have sufficient rigidity for flooring. Plastic lining you can sheathe the ceiling of the loggia, the floor is covered with wood; as for the walls, both types of carriage coverings (plastic and wood) can be used here.

It is recommended to start clapboard cladding from the corner. Each panel is checked for verticality with a level and fixed to the sheathing with a special fastener (clamp). You can fix the carriage panel with small nails.

After finishing, the inner surface is treated with a compound that protects the wood from moisture and destruction.

Problems encountered when insulating a balcony internally

1. When covering walls, ceilings and floors with insulating material, the area of ​​the room inevitably decreases. And this drawback is not the only one.

2. In many structures, condensation often occurs, which is difficult to get rid of when everything construction works have already been produced. Why does excess moisture appear?

The insulating structure installed on the balcony includes the following elements:

1. external fencing located on the street; insulation material; warm room.

Air masses tend to get out, and their moisture, passing through the insulation, settles on the outer fence in the form of condensation. The insulation gets wet and completely loses its performance characteristics.

Warm vapors, when faced with a cold fence, also turn into a liquid state. Excess moisture in the room causes many problems: for example, mold or rot. wooden elements designs. That is why you need to know how to properly insulate your balcony.

This can be done from the inside in two ways.

Hydrobarrier

Hydrobarrier - special design, preventing moisture condensation on the outer fence. Its installation technology includes certain stages:

1. installation of vapor barrier;
2. finishing with facing materials.

The hydrobarrier makes it possible to use even materials that do not tolerate moisture when insulating from the inside. Polyethylene or foil serves as insulation.

Important! All seams must be sealed with construction tape.in order to best insulate the balcony.

The disadvantage of this insulation method is that the walls cannot breathe.

Insulation without additional insulation

It is possible to insulate a balcony from the inside in this way only if there are materials with low vapor permeability: polystyrene foam, penoplex or extruded polystyrene foam. The design includes:

1. fiberglass mesh, also mounted with glue; finishing.

Advice! For better fastening of the insulation, you can use plastic dowels.

No adhesive is required for thermal insulation with polystyrene foam. This material is applied to the insulated surface using a sprayer, foams and dries.

Innovative insulation from TechnoNIKOL LOGICPIR Balcony is suitable for walls, ceilings, floors. saves space - plate thickness from 20 mm.

1. retains heat thanks to its unique thermal conductivity of 0.022 W/m°K (compare with glass wool 0.032-0.041 W/m°K);
2. protected from moisture, rot, mold and fire (flammability group G1 according to GOST 30244-94);
3. will last long years(the insulation retains its properties for 50 years).

Advice! When insulating a balcony from the inside with polystyrene foam, it is better to make a layer of material about 80 mm thick. The vapor permeability of extruded polystyrene foam is lower than that of simple polystyrene, so its layer can be even smaller.

Floor insulation

After insulating the balcony walls, the floor should be insulated. If you correctly calculate the amount of insulation and the thickness of its layer, you can make the floor on the balcony at the same level as in the other rooms.

At the first stage of work, the slab is cleaned of dirt, debris and fallen plaster. Then the floor is covered with foil and penofol. The second stage is attaching the sheathing, previously cut with a jigsaw. Insulation boards (preferably polystyrene foam) are laid between its beams, and the gaps between them are filled with foam. The final stage is the installation of flooring, linoleum or parquet and baseboards.

This design can raise the floor on the balcony by about 150 mm.

Electrically heated floor

You can also insulate the floor using modern technologies. Then the balcony will be practically no different from other rooms. Installing electric heat tracing is a relatively simple process, but the energy costs add up significantly.

To heat the balcony floor from the inside, a special electric cable is installed.

Important! The cable must not be exposed to moisture under any circumstances.

Components of the insulating structure:

Ceiling insulation

Advice! If the neighbors living on the floor above have already insulated their balcony, there is no need to insulate the ceiling.

Most optimal material for ceiling insulation - polystyrene foam. It weighs very little, which is very important in this case. Its main layer is complemented by foil, which acts as a vapor barrier and heat reflector. The foiled polystyrene foam is fixed with polyurethane foam glue and disc-shaped dowels. All seams are sealed with special metal tape.

The foam is attached to aluminum hangers using the same combined method.

Important! The insulation sheets should fit together as closely as possible.

All cracks are filled polyurethane foam with special care, so every, even the smallest, hole can make all the work completely useless.

You can insulate a balcony from the inside either on your own or by using the services of professionals. However, these construction works can be simple if you use tips and carefully understand the technology.

How to insulate a balcony with your own hands: step-by-step photos and instructions

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Mistakes when insulating a balcony

There are three main types of work in the insulation process: wall cladding around the perimeter of the room, thermal insulation of the ceiling and floor surface. In order to understand how to properly insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands, you should study the recommendations of professionals. Useful video links will help you understand the whole range of activities before starting work.

• self-insulation ( personal experience)
• Using the example of Moscow

1. Basic concepts for arranging a loggia from the inside

Selecting a double-glazed window and installation tips (“Eco Balcony”).

Creating a comfortable temperature on the loggia. Tips on glazing: choosing a double-glazed window and profile, correct installation of the window structure, preparing the base for installing the frame, etc. Purpose and installation of the hydraulic visor. Elimination of cold bridges. Recommendations from a specialist for insulating indoor wall, floor and ceiling surfaces.

2. Thermal insulation with foam plastic

Finishing and insulation of the loggia from the Empire Grand company.

The video shows a diagram of laying polystyrene foam. Sequence of work: installing a window sill, creating a frame wooden sheathing, filling the cells of the structure with polystyrene foam, laying the base under the floor covering on the joists. A good example proves the ease of installation of insulation. Decorative finishing of walls is carried out using PVC panels.

3. Self-insulation with penoplex and penofol

Modern methods of creating a warm balcony (“Maxi Windows”).

Master class on the construction of penoplex and penofol (foamed polyethylene). The insulation (extruded polystyrene foam) is mounted on all surfaces of the room; disc-shaped dowels (“fungi”) are used for fastening. The joints in the structure are filled with polyurethane foam. Vapor barrier is provided by polyethylene foam film with foil.

4. Construction of extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex)

An excerpt from the TV show “Housing Issue.”

Combining the loggia with the living space. Consistent arrangement of the premises. Construction external walls from foam blocks, dismantling internal glazing and replacing external frames. Recommendations for creating a comfortable microclimate using extruded polystyrene foam. Installation of the "Warm floor" system.

5. Spraying polyurethane foam (PPU)

Insulation of the PPU loggia (Tehnopena company).

Spraying method real example. Preliminary preparation premises for renovation. Creating a reliable seamless structure using polyurethane foam (50 mm). Trimming excess material. Video review of the application of polyurethane foam by a specialist.

6. Mineral wool as a heat insulator

Instructions for laying mineral wool in the TV show “Clean Work”.

Work on improving the space using a non-flammable, reliable and durable heat insulator. Correct installation mineral wool, technology of laying the lathing in the frame.

7. Installation of electric heated floors

Guide to installing a heated floor system (“Housing Issue”).

Gym in the attached loggia. Video instructions for installing the “Warm Floor” system to create a comfortable microclimate in the room. Laying penofol on a leveled base. Installation of system cables, organization of screeds with self-leveling action. Preparing the floor for flooring.

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IN different rooms The loggia meets various requirements. Some people perceive it as an unnecessary addition to the apartment, for storing old things. Others rely on insulating the loggia as an opportunity to increase the area of ​​the apartment.

The first type of people stops at finishing the inside of the loggia with clapboard. This improves it a bit appearance premises, but no improvements from the functional side are observed. In order for a loggia to be fully used in our climatic conditions, it must be insulated. And in most cases, the cost of insulation is not much higher than the price finishing works, but the functionality of the room increases significantly.

Both professionals and ordinary people can insulate a loggia with their own hands, with a little effort. Independent work will require time investment, but will allow you to save quite a large amount of money.

Advantages of an insulated loggia

By thermally insulating your loggia, you get a number of benefits:

• is being formed additional area– in such a room you can have breakfast, replacing the window sill with a bar counter, you can place cabinets, a refrigerator, and create a relaxation area;
• noise insulation is increased - a glazed or upholstered loggia perfectly allows various street noises to pass through, but if insulation is done and combined with the room, then sounds from the street will not penetrate into the room;
• the adjacent room will be warmer;
• By getting rid of the partition between the room and the loggia, you can modernize the apartment by changing the layout in such a way that the room will not be similar to any other.

The option with insulation has quite a lot of advantages; the only argument against it, if you do the math, is the price, but it will be only 5-10% higher than upholstery or glazing. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to pay a specialist; following the algorithm indicated below, you can completely do everything yourself.

Selection of insulation

Today there is a wide selection of materials suitable for insulating loggias. The most popular include the following:

Mineral wool

Characterized by low cost, but this is the only positive side material. To lay this material, you will first need to perform lathing. In the process of getting wet, mineral wool loses its beneficial features, so before using it for a loggia, you need to think first.

Due to the presence of air between its fibers, mineral wool provides protection from the cold. But the installation of the material should be done extremely carefully, avoiding crushing, as this can negatively affect the heat-insulating properties.

Styrofoam

Polystyrene foam is one of the light and durable materials that can easily withstand exposure to moisture. The cost of the material is quite affordable.

Expanded polystyrene

Extruded polystyrene foam is presented in the form of slabs and has a fairly high price. The material is convenient to use, it retains heat well, and during a fire it goes out almost immediately.

Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a seamless spray-type coating. To save precious centimeters, its thickness can be changed.

Penofol

Penofol is a thermal insulation material made from foil and foamed polymer. The reflective layer is used as additional protection from the cold. Is pretty thin material and is most often used as a complement to other thermal insulation products.

Expert opinion

Konstantin Alexandrovich

Ask a question to an expert

To reduce costs and achieve the desired effect, you can combine several materials. For example, covered with a layer of polystyrene foam, and the walls are covered with polystyrene foam boards. Other combinations are possible.

Typical mistakes when insulating

A serious drawback is the condensation that appears indoors on the surface of the walls and ceiling. As a result, moist areas are formed, which in a short time become covered with a layer of mold. This occurs due to poorly functioning ventilation and improper operation of heating systems.

When the ventilation in a room does not work well, air masses are transported almost at lightning speed from the warm part of the room to the cold part, that is, to the loggia. There, excess moisture settles on the coldest surfaces. You can avoid such a negative moment by using doors installed between rooms with different temperature conditions.

Many troubles arise with insulation systems. If the walls and floor were not properly insulated, then moisture will leave its mark on problem areas of the loggia.

If a decision was made to save on foam and cover the seams between the walls with putty, then there is a high probability of condensation forming in these areas. It is better to refrain from such mistakes, since eliminating them will lead to significant difficulties. That is why, when insulating a loggia, you need to strictly follow the technology.

The problem may also be poor quality system heating If such a process occurs due to the arrival of warm air masses from the adjacent room, then mold will most likely form in the cold corners of the loggia. That is why the loggia must be insulated from the floor.

It is prohibited to install centralized water heating on balconies or loggias. A well-installed heated floor reacts to any temperature changes and eliminates the imbalance in a short time.

Work plan

Step-by-step instructions for proper insulation:

• Clear the room of unnecessary furniture.
• Remove old coating from the ceiling, floor and walls.
• Analyze the condition of the base, note cracks, chips, and significant irregularities.
• Correct any detected defects.
• Get rid of old glazing, even if it does not require updating.
• Treat all surfaces with any hydrophobic and antifungal composition.
• Seal the joints.
• Glaze the loggia.
• Place insulation material on the ceiling, floor and walls.
• Install electrical wiring.
• Install the TP system.
• Perform sheathing (plasterboard, etc.), install lighting.

It is especially important to evaluate the wear of fasteners. After installing double-glazed windows and thermal insulation materials, the weight of the structure increases significantly. To perform the necessary calculations and install reinforcing elements, you must contact companies that have the necessary licenses. Independent calculations can become fatal.

Insulating and finishing the loggia, Special attention should be given to sealing cracks and seams. In such areas, all crumbling elements are carefully removed to ensure solid foundation. Gaps in concrete structures are filled with repair compounds; at this point you must strictly follow the instructions. If during the work a part of the reinforcement with traces of rust was discovered, then the rod is cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound.

After completion of the insulation work and installation of electrical wiring, decorative finishing loggias with panels made of plastic or wood, use tiles, wallpaper or any other materials.

The vulnerable area is the filler near the window frame. The material used to fill the space loses its properties after 2-3 years. Before installing new glazing, the foam is completely removed. To insulate old window frames, the worn-out filler is removed from the grooves, and the resulting space is filled with a stable composition.

Waterproofing (vapor barrier)

The entire area of ​​the balcony must be protected from external exposure to water; for this purpose, waterproofing work is carried out. The floor is covered with special impregnations, paint, bitumen, glassine or roofing felt. Roll insulation is used for walls and ceilings.

The next stage is the installation of wood or metal sheathing. The distance between the bars should be 1-2 cm less than the width of the insulation. The block should have a thickness one centimeter greater than the thickness of the mineral wool slab, this is necessary so that after installation a ventilation gap is formed.

Glazing

The loggia cannot be insulated if the correct glazing is not selected. If on simple balconies You can choose absolutely any glass, but to insulate a room you will need to pay attention to special parameters.

Ideal option There will be PVC structures, the thickness of the double-glazed windows is 3.2 cm. The windows are created according to the standards of the owners of the premises, and their installation is carried out both by one’s own efforts and with the help of services from the manufacturer.

At this stage, savings should be abandoned, since regardless of the high cost of all further stages, poorly selected double-glazed windows will put an end to all repair work Oh.

Warm floor on the balcony

This surface of the loggia is considered the most important space when combined with the living room. This is explained by the fact that the floor is the coldest part of the room. To keep it warm, insulation is done in 2 layers.

Basically, all operations related to the floor come down to cleaning it, leveling it, treating it with an antifungal agent, installing supports and insulating it. The “subfloor” is placed directly on the insulation, and then the selected coating. To ensure maximum tightness of the floor, logs are installed, between which there is rolled insulation.

Ceiling insulation

Algorithm for proper insulation:

• Construction foam is cut from the ceiling and parts of the mortar are removed.
• The surface is cleaned of peeling paint and dirt.
• The walls and ceiling are treated with a deep action primer.
• Holes and grooves are created for cable installation. Install sockets and switches. Thus, it will be possible to connect lighting elements, a heater or a warm floor.
• Electrical cable should be laid inside PVC pipes if the frame needs to be sheathed with wood.
• Insulating material Foiled polystyrene foam would be best.

• Using a level, measure the base, this is done in order to determine errors.
• A sheet of insulation is applied to the ceiling, and marks are made with a pen that interfere with the installation of the slab (pipe entry point). The marks are cut out using a cutter.
• The adhesive solution is mixed. You must follow the instructions on the packaging. Next, the solution is infused for about 5 minutes and mixed again. It should have a uniform consistency, fairly thick and liquid.
• The solution is applied to the insulation using a trowel. Then the sheet of polystyrene foam is tried on and pressed to the ceiling.
• Next, holes are made, nails are inserted into the ceiling, but not driven in completely.
• The remaining sheets are attached to the ceiling, and the surface is measured with a building level.

To adjust the surface plane, graters are used to erase the difference in differences. And the gaps between the insulation boards are filled with polyurethane foam (the excess is cut off).

Do-it-yourself insulation of loggia walls

If the loggia is presented in the form of an ordinary balcony where clothes are dried (there are not even window openings), then the insulation work looks like this:

• installation of a parapet from foam blocks or brick structures, in which window openings will then be created;
• all seams and holes present on the balcony on the outside and inside (characteristic of reinforced concrete structures) are covered with polyurethane foam, large holes are covered with polystyrene foam and the joints are filled with polyurethane foam;
• if foam plastic or polystyrene will act as insulation, then the sealing foam should not contain toluene, it corrodes the foam;
• Foamed polyethylene is attached on top, which is a vapor barrier, and all joints must be sealed with foil tape.

Now you can move on to the sheathing. A wooden beam can act as a support. It is attached to the wall horizontally or vertically (depending on the finishing material). The bars are fastened along the edges of the wall, after which a fishing line is stretched at the top and bottom, along which intermediate (bearing) bars are installed, between which insulation and vapor barrier are laid.

Warm loggia in a panel house

By design panel houses cooler than brick buildings. This is explained by thermal insulation properties concrete is worse than brick, in addition, cracks often form between the panels over time, which will let the cold in from the outside.

When connecting a loggia to a living room in such houses, do not forget about this factor and use thermal insulation material in several layers to avoid dew point, which destroys concrete. In this situation, it’s almost impossible to “overdo it,” but it’s easy to underdo it.

Izolon (foamed polyethylene with a reflector) is mounted on the main insulation with gluing of the seams.

Warm loggia in a brick house

Despite the fact that brick is more warm material than concrete, you shouldn’t give up insulation.

Initially, you need to pay attention to the masonry. More often construction companies do not fill the gaps between bricks well, so you will have to get rid of the gaps yourself using special means.

Further work is no different from actions in panel buildings. The only difference is that only one thermal insulation layer can be used.

In city apartments, the presence of a balcony means the opportunity to expand the usable area of ​​the entire housing. But without proper repairs, which includes insulating the entire balcony, such an area can only be used as a terrace or a cold storage room. The technology for insulating a balcony includes a set of repair measures aimed at creating a special design that will provide comfort and warmth in the room being repaired.

Features of loggia insulation

On the one hand, do-it-yourself insulation should not present any difficulties. It is enough to purchase material with the required parameters and install it on your balcony. The difficulty is that the appearance of ease of repair leads to further disappointment. This is when, during the cold season, an unpleasant draft, mold, water accumulates and the walls freeze on an insulated and lovingly renovated loggia. The culprit is condensation. Upon contact warm air with a cold surface, the steam reaches such a saturated state, scientifically called “dew point”, where it easily turns into water. This leads to an uncomfortable state inside the balcony, destruction of the thermal insulation system and other unpleasant sanitary and hygienic consequences.

Most reliable way insulation – multi-layer enclosing structure on the outside. This option promotes the free movement of heat outside the internal walls. This leads to the joint different temperatures, or rather, the contact of cold and warm air occurs outside the walls of the interior, which means that such unpleasant phenomena as condensation, steam, mold and dampness do not threaten. The outer layer will prevent the penetration of cold from the street.

The result is an almost ideal atmosphere inside the balcony. The whole difficulty is that it is not always possible to do the external insulation of the walls and roof with your own hands. The only way out is a well-constructed internal insulation structure.

Installation of a window unit has double meaning: firstly, protection from precipitation getting inside, secondly, maintaining heat on the loggia. But doing glazing yourself is not always a justifiable risk; it is better to invite professionals for this. When installing windows, check how carefully the cracks are sealed, whether the parapet (base) is reliable, what the frame is made of, and whether the height of the expanders corresponds to the thickness of the intended insulation. It is better to clarify all these questions before window works.

Before starting work, decide on the choice of material for interior decoration. For this purpose, polystyrene foam, mineral wool, penoplex, penofol, etc. are used. To prevent condensation subsequently, interior work choose vapor barrier materials.

You will need:

• polystyrene foam or its equivalent, layer thickness 3-6 cm;
• foil penofol or regular foil, polyethylene film for paraisolation;
• screed materials (dry floor mix or antiseptic boards);
• bars for sheathing;
• moisture-resistant panels for finishing;
• glue, double-sided tape;
• polyurethane foam;
• screws, dowels.

Insulating a loggia involves thermal insulation of walls, ceilings and floors. Any material, especially walls and ceilings, should be securely fastened. Two methods are used for this: glue or dowels. Peculiarity glue method– this is the application technology and the accuracy of the choice of composition. Important point is that the glue must match the insulation material. To apply the glue, use a notched trowel. The first step is to apply an adhesive solution along the perimeter of the heat-insulating material. In order to avoid leakage of glue at the joints, it is laid back a couple of centimeters from the edge. The remaining usable area is evenly covered with glue in the form of dots.

Another method for do-it-yourself repairs involves fastening with the help of “fungi” - special dowels. They are released different sizes, and when purchasing insulation, you should immediately look for fasteners that are suitable in size and properties. For comparison, when attaching insulation 4 cm thick, you will need about 7 dowels with a diameter of 1 cm and a length of 9 cm.

In order to protect yourself from unforeseen embarrassment in the event of unsuccessful fastening with your own hands, it is permissible to use two methods simultaneously: first, glue is applied and the insulation is installed in place, and then the structure lends itself to the doweling process.

If everything is fine with the floor, then there is no need to repair it. But if you are particularly scrupulous and do everything according to the rules, then insulating the floor will not take much time and will ultimately help you avoid unpleasant surprises. A well-installed floor covering with your own hands will help turn your balcony into a cozy room for living at any time of the year. The first step is to achieve a perfectly even coating. Before installing a thermal insulator with your own hands, give the floor surface smooth appearance. Mineral wool, foam plastic are used as floor insulation, or a “warm floor” structure is installed.

The first layer of insulation is laid in a checkerboard pattern. The first step, as in the case of the floor, is to level the entire surface of the walls and seal holes and cracks. The next step is to seal the joints formed between the insulation and the wall using polyurethane foam.

Insulation methods

Loggia insulation technology involves two possible ways to create a comfortable, warm environment with your own hands.

1. This method is designed for the property of polyethylene or foil to retain moisture and not allow it to penetrate into the internal layers of the insulation. In this technology, it is quite possible to use mineral wool, because in other cases it is not recommended to use it as a thermal insulation material.

In this case, the design will look like:

• balcony fencing;
• insulation, for example, mineral wool;
• vapor barrier (foil or polyethylene);
• MDF or PVC panels;
• wooden beams or plastic panels.

The entire technology is carried out “dry”, which facilitates construction work. The only drawback can be considered the lack of air permeability. This problem is solved through functional ventilation.

2. In this option, a protective barrier is not used, and thermal insulation is carried out using materials with low vapor permeability.

In this case, the DIY design will be as follows:

• fencing;
• glue;
• insulation;
• glue;
• reinforcing fiberglass mesh;
• glue;
• finishing layer;
• dowel fastening.

With this method, you can use putty as a finish, followed by wallpaper. The structure occupies some part usable area, more labor-intensive than the first, but has good breathability with proper heat retention.

Standard procedure for insulation work

1st step– laying and fastening of insulation on the floor, front and side walls and ceiling. In this case, all cracks and joints are sealed with polyurethane foam.

2nd step– vapor barrier. For this purpose, foil or polyethylene is placed on the surface of the insulation and secured with tape or glue. The fastening is completed by mounting the vapor barrier into the joint with metal tape.

3rd step– floor screed. There are different ways to finish the floor with your own hands.

Bond and thickness. Its height reaches 4 cm. Before pouring the screed, a 1 cm gap of foam foam is laid around the perimeter of the floor near the wall. After the screed has hardened, ceramic tiles are laid using appropriate glue.
Electrically heated screed. This is work for specialists or craftsmen skilled in DIY repairs.
Wood flooring. Wooden rods are laid across the entire area of ​​the loggia, which are fixed using polyurethane foam. Tongue and groove boards are mounted on them to form the flooring.

4th step- sheathing. Horizontal and vertical lathing made of wooden beams is laid on the ceiling and walls. For mounting in concrete wall use self-tapping screws and dowels.

5th step– final finishing. The decoration of the loggia largely depends on financial capabilities and preferences in external design.

The last final step is finishing with plastic panels, plasterboard or wooden clapboard. The main thing is to follow the technology of renovation work in the apartment.

Some subtleties in this matter will help avoid further disappointments. The vapor barrier is laid on the dark side of the insulation, the foil should be facing inward warm room. The use of mineral wool as insulation is not always justified. If water leaks into it, you will have to change the entire insulation system. When using mineral wool, you need to take care of waterproofing measures. Wooden rods cannot be installed through the thickness of the insulation, since this will create places where cold and water accumulate, the so-called “cold bridge”. To completely improve the repair of the loggia, consider additional system ventilation, which will significantly enhance climate control of the entire living space.

The part of the apartment that needs priority and thorough insulation more than others is, of course, a balcony or loggia. Because not all owners use these premises exclusively for storage or storage. Modern views are such that balconies and loggias are increasingly being transformed into personal offices, kitchens, or simply into rest rooms. This is what forces the owners to do the right thing, which means high-quality insulation these premises.

With this publication, we set ourselves the goal of conveying to the reader information about how to properly insulate a loggia from the inside, what is needed to insulate a loggia from the inside, etc. This will provide significant savings, since you won’t have to hire expensive specialists, and learning something new is always useful and exciting. The basis for success here is avoiding the most common mistakes, as well as strictly following the sequence of actions.

Let's start with a few points that are considered the most common mistakes made by inexperienced builders when they decide to insulate a balcony with their own hands.

1. Rush. Quite often, insulation work is carried out at an accelerated pace or hastily. Usually in these cases, all work is limited to installing a new warm double-glazed window, covering all visible cracks with putty and plugging it into a power outlet. oil cooler. Meanwhile, precious heat was still leaving the apartment. There is no way to insulate the walls, floor and ceiling of the loggia this way. To insulate the loggia you need to make a little more effort.
2. Use of low quality materials. In order to avoid this common mistake, the question of how best to insulate a balcony from the inside must be approached responsibly and approached in advance. Since balconies have enough large area, incorrectly selected insulation for a balcony or loggia will cause a fairly serious heat leak from the apartment.

To ensure maximum insulation of the balcony, and ultimately the entire apartment, from the cold, a clear sequence of actions must be followed in performing the work. This will allow you to achieve high-quality insulation, saving effort, money and time. So, next we consider the question of how to produce interior decoration DIY balcony and step-by-step instructions for this process.

Installation of warm windows

The beginning of insulation work in any room, including on the balcony, is the installation of new double-glazed windows. Availability of old wooden frames- this is one of the main reasons for volatilization large quantity useful heat from the apartment. Unlike other rooms, installing a metal-plastic double-glazed window requires taking into account one nuance: the reliability of the parapet.

Especially on old-type balconies, the parapets are quite flimsy and their strength may not be enough to install fairly heavy metal-plastic double-glazed windows. Under such conditions, it is necessary to take care of additional reinforcement of the parapet. The most suitable method for this is reinforcement with thick metal rods and then pouring them cement mortar. Along with insulation work on other surfaces of the balcony, insulation of the parapet is no less important and must be approached very responsibly.

How and with what to insulate a balcony

Maybe, the most important point When insulating work on a balcony, it is important to choose the thickness of the material used to insulate the internal surfaces. Most often, internal insulation of a balcony involves covering not only the walls, but also the ceiling and floor with insulating materials. Therefore, what is the best way to insulate a loggia from the inside is the most important issue. And it is necessary first of all to decide the question of how and how to insulate the balcony inside with your own hands.

The main criterion when choosing such materials is their thermal conductivity.

This indicator is inversely proportional to the heat it retains, or rather, its quantity. It is for this reason that the question arises more often than others: how to insulate a balcony from the inside? Mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam?

The most common insulation for these purposes is extruded polystyrene foam.. Combined with its lightness and thinness, it is also easy to cut and install, and is also very inexpensive. Has good resistance to corrosion and moisture. However, it is very, very expensive. If necessary, it can be replaced budget option- foam plastic. The latter has similar properties, but is not as durable.

Sealing cracks

Any old enough or even not very old balcony has cracks. That is why, even after installing the most modern and warm double-glazed windows, you will notice that the heat still escapes somewhere. It is best to seal cracks in insulated surfaces with polyurethane mastics and sealants. They are the most flexible, resistant to natural influences such as wind or frost and seal cracks longer.

Such sealants and mastics are most often sold in small cans, and the cracks are sealed with a plastic nozzle or a special gun, which are often included with the cans. Once the sealant or mastic has completely dried, you can begin the next stage - attaching insulation material.

We insulate the balcony floor and walls

The insulation has been selected and purchased, and now the only thing left is how to cover the surfaces with it. There are 2 enough simple options, how to insulate a loggia from the inside with insulating material, or rather, how to fasten this very material: glue, which must not contain toluene (since the latter can corrode the insulation boards), and dowels. If a decision is made to fasten the slabs with dowels, then their location should be such that on each square meter the slabs were located about 10 dowels.

Stages of insulation of balcony walls

• Insulation of balcony walls begins with installation vapor barrier film and gluing its joints with construction tape;
• A sheathing made of bars or profiles is installed. Both wood and metal are suitable for these purposes;
• Insulation is installed: polystyrene foam, mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The seams between the plates are blown with polyurethane foam. When the loggia is insulated from the inside, this stage is the main one;
• The sheathing is covered with moisture-resistant plasterboard, plywood, chipboard or other sheet materials;
• Performed finishing the resulting surface. For these purposes, among other things, you also need finishing material, which is used to finish the walls on the balcony.

I would like to note that the use of vapor barrier tape will help to avoid, for example, mold or mildew.

And on the insulated floor it is imperative to lay a layer of waterproofing. Moisture-resistant plasterboard will be used as cladding on the walls and ceiling. How to insulate a balcony from the inside with your own hands, see the step-by-step video below:

Video

Stages of insulating a balcony floor

• Poured concrete screed, the thickness of which varies between 3-5 centimeters. If desired, you can install a heated floor system into the screed;
• Mounted waterproofing film followed by treating its joints with sealant or moisture-resistant mastic;
• Thermal insulation is installed in the form of, for example, penoplex;
• The finishing of the flooring is carried out by laying ceramic tiles, laminate or linoleum.

Arrangement and insulation of the balcony floor is possible without the use of screed. In this case, longitudinal wooden logs are laid on the waterproofing layer. The latter are attached directly to concrete base balcony Next, insulate the floor with a gasket between the joists. basalt wool, expanded clay, penoplex, etc. It's all covered with boards or some kind of sheet material (chipboards, plywood, etc.). The insulation work is completed by laying the finishing coating.

Insulation of balcony ceiling

When deciding how to insulate the inside of a balcony, you should consider one more thing. If there is no neighbor’s balcony above your balcony, that is, the ceiling of your balcony is not the floor of the neighbor’s, then a slightly special approach to its insulation is required. Here you will need roofing material High Quality with applied on inner side sound insulation in the form of film or spraying.

The following layers are also laid:

• Waterproofing - polyvinyl chloride film or polyester;
• A windproof membrane that allows steam to escape from the insulation, but does not allow droplets to penetrate inside with the wind;
• An anti-condensation layer that prevents water vapor from condensing and flowing onto the insulating material;
• Wooden frame holding the roof;
• Insulation, which, in fact, performs thermal insulation;
• Vapor barrier of the insulation itself, helping to preserve its properties. It prevents water vapor from penetrating inside it.

Additional insulation

In order to ensure comfort, warmth and coziness on the balcony even in severe frosts, a well-thought-out additional balcony insulation scheme may be required. Part of this can be: an air conditioner, a radiator or a heated floor system. In fact, insulating a balcony from the inside is limited only by the imagination of the apartment owner and his financial capabilities.

If the balcony is connected to the apartment, then it is quite possible to do without an additional insulation scheme. In this case, even an apartment air conditioner can easily cope with the role of an additional heater. However, there is one “but”. It will be warm on the balcony, but the floor will remain cold, even if there is carpeting.

To avoid such an incident, we still recommend installing a heated floor system. Believe me, it will be very appropriate. Installation of such a system is a rather complex step-by-step process, therefore we will not consider it within the framework of this article.

Internal insulation a balcony is, of course, good, however, in order to achieve maximum effect, you need to take care to insulate the balcony from the outside. And although it is prohibited to insulate a balcony from the outside on your own, we decided to briefly describe this process using an example of how professional companies do it themselves.

External insulation

• Pipes with square section, on which the window sill will be fixed and insulating material with outside balcony
• The insulation is laid in two layers, with some shifting so that upper layer overlapped the joints of the first. This is done so that cold air does not penetrate inside the balcony through the joints of the insulation. Insulating the walls of the loggia from the outside helps ensure that there is no condensation in the apartment, or more precisely, on the loggia.
• The fastening of penoplex slabs (namely, this insulation material is used when insulating a loggia from the outside) is done with mushroom screws directly to the surface of the parapet and to the tubes welded at the upper end of the parapet.
• The outer side of the balcony is covered with either metal corrugated sheets or plastic. The first is more reliable and durable, the second looks aesthetically better.

During the insulation of the balcony from the outside, potholes and splinters may appear on the parapet, on its outer side. There is no particular need to worry about this, since these defects on the outside will be covered with insulation and sealed inside with polyurethane foam.

Once again, I would like to repeat that for questions about how to insulate a balcony from the outside, it is better to contact professional construction organizations. Working outside the apartment at height (from the facade) is very dangerous, and it is better to trust specialists in this matter. Be prudent and don't take risks!

In this article we tried to show in as much detail as possible the procedure for insulating a balcony. Of course, we cannot say that the tips we have given will suit absolutely every balcony owner. After all, everyone has their own approach to the question of which materials for insulating a balcony from the inside are better and which are worse. The choice always remains with the dear reader.