Abyssinian well: making a needle well with your own hands. Needle hole - what is it? How to hammer a needle

It is very often impossible to connect a small country estate to a central water supply due to the remoteness of the water supply main. Digging a well or drilling a well is sometimes not affordable, but for the construction autonomous system you need your own water source.

In such cases, you can equip an Abyssinian well with your own hands - the technology for organizing such a source of water intake is quite simple. Agree, before starting to implement the idea, it is necessary to understand the design and operating principle of the system.

We will tell you how to plan an Abyssinian well, what equipment you will need and how to make an igloo well yourself. Special attention should be given to the type of soil on the site.

An Abyssinian well is a simplified version of a well that allows you to obtain water from the first or second aquifer lying on top. Its design is extremely simple. It is a column of interconnected gas pipelines steel pipes with a primitive filter and a metal tip at the bottom.

The thin trunk of the excavation looks like an ancient sewing device. Hence the second name: needle well.

Classic immersion method Abyssinian well into the ground is carried out by banal hammering - the most in a simple way, actively used in the environment independent masters. They hammer until the lower pipe with the tip opens the aquifer.

Sometimes the column is partially buried by auger drilling, but renting a manual or mechanical drilling rig significantly increases the work budget.

The Abyssinian well was invented and tested during the war between colonial England and Ethiopia in 1867-68. The design proposed by the American engineer Norton tirelessly provided the British troops with water during their movements across the desert.

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There are two main components in the design of an Abyssinian well:

• drill bit, including a tip that cuts the soil and a barrel that is expanded during the process of penetration into the ground. The trunk also serves as a channel for lifting water from the depths. Therefore, it is assembled from pipe sections, and not from a steel circle or rod.
• Koper, consisting of a metal tripod and a heavy woman playing the role of a hammer. At the top of the tripod there are two blocks with ropes stretched through them, to which the woman is tied.

When the ropes are pulled, the woman rises to the top of the installation. When weakened, it rapidly falls onto the headstock, which is rigidly fixed on the section of the trunk being driven in. The latter performs the function of an anvil, thanks to which the trunk is consistently immersed in the ground.

An alternative option for adapting the water intake needle to an unsuitable level groundwater consists in the construction of a pit. Before driving the column into the ground, a hole is dug about a meter deep, the width of which is convenient for working with a shovel in it. Driving the rods then begins from the bottom of the hole. In such situations, the pump is installed in a pit.

For those who decide to make an Abyssinian well with a pit, information is needed about the structure and condition of the soil layers lying at the depth of the pit. If the section is composed of sandy loam, loam, or their alternating layers, it is not necessary to strengthen the walls of the pit.

Loose, unstable pit walls should be strengthened so that the wellhead of the needle and pump equipment did not fall asleep with non-cohesive soils

If the pit is dripping in sand, the walls should be reinforced with boards or concrete. Sandy sides are unstable and can collapse and cover the water intake point along with the pumping equipment.

Questions about upper layers soil is also needed by those who plan top part go through the workings with an auger. Auger drilling will significantly speed up the process, but may not bring the planned result. For work, use a simple device - purchased or.

With collapsing sand walls, an installation will be required, due to which the economic priorities of the Abyssinian well will be reduced.

Installing and operating an Abyssinian well is the simplest and cheapest method of obtaining water from the upper aquifers. To construct a water intake shaft, no equipment is required; all stages of the work can be easily completed with your own hands.

The invested efforts and minor funds will quickly pay off; the Abyssinian well will last no less than traditional water sources. It is important to get excited and implement the idea, armed with the information we present.

Do you have practical skills in constructing a needle well on your site? Please share your accumulated knowledge or ask questions on the topic in the comments below.

Availability on summer cottage water - necessary condition his existence. If the owner has a limited budget, then you can use the construction of a low-cost technical structure, which is available to most summer residents.
The technology for installing an Abyssinian well with your own hands is quite simple. This type of well or well needle was invented by the Americans back in the 19th century. The article suggests familiarizing yourself with the basic rules of its design.

What geological conditions are needed to construct a well?

- a shallow well into which a hand pump is installed. With its help, water is pumped from the aquiferous sand layer.
This structure differs from a conventional well in the presence of very clean water. It is not clogged by dust, dirt, drains and water.
Before you begin to implement your plan, you need to get acquainted with the geology of your area. Usually, neighbors who have owned plots nearby for a long time can tell about this.
They know where the soil layers are located and the depth of the aquifers.

Advice: An Abyssinian well can only be constructed if the upper aquifer is located no deeper than 8 m from the ground surface. From greater depths, lifting water using a surface pump can be problematic. If the aquifer lies below, a well should be drilled into the sand larger diameter or bury the pump rather than use a surface pump.

Soil requirements for constructing a well:

• The aquifer for which the well will be constructed must contain medium-grained sand or a mixture of crushed stone and sand. Such soil allows water to pass through well and will be easy to pump out.
• The condition for the upper layers is only their permeability. Otherwise, you will need special equipment.

What are the advantages of such water supply?

Advice: If your dacha neighbors already have similar wells, then there won’t be any special problems constructing one on the site.

Advantages of the Abyssinian well:

• Simplicity and low cost of design.
• It does not require much space for its arrangement: the structure does not disturb the composition of the landscape.
• There is no need to use equipment, no access roads are needed to deliver it to the site.
• The pump can be installed on site or indoors.
• The work will take no more than 10 hours, which depends on the hardness of the soil and the depth of the water carrier.
• Siltation is prevented by quality, which allows the structure to be used for a long time.
• No contaminants enter the device from the surface of the earth.
• The quality of water from such a well is similar to that of a spring.
• The needle water well provides a constant supply of water volume. It is enough to water the plot and for household needs: for an average well, the debit is from 0.5 to 3 cubic meters per hour.
• The device can be easily dismantled and installed in another location.
• Such wells are shallower than traditional sand wells, which reduces the likelihood of dissolved iron entering structures. This eliminates the need to install filters, which are quite expensive.

Equipment design features

The functioning of any well and Abyssinian well depends on the quality of the pipe and its size:

• For construction, it is best to use inch or one and a half inch pipes made of metal or plastic, cut into pieces from one to two meters long.
• As the pipe is immersed, the pipe is built up to the required length. Their connection is made with threaded connections.
• Silicone is used for sealing sanitary linen, oil paint.
• Special couplings are also used for connection.

Tip: It is necessary to ensure that the pipes are connected securely enough. A leak in the seal can damage the entire structure.

• To advance the device through the soil, the diameter of the tip must be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipe.
• The end of the pipe ends with a special needle filter. This facilitates the passage of the pipe in the ground, protects the well structure from silting, and ensures the purity of the incoming water.

Tip: It is best that the needle for the Abyssinian well is made of the same material as the main pipe, which will prevent the occurrence of electrochemical corrosion.

For the manufacture of a filter needle from galvanized metal pipe, necessary:

• Holes with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm are drilled in the pipe; they must be placed in a checkerboard pattern.
• A stainless steel mesh is soldered on top. If there is no mesh, you can use wire; it is wound around the perforated end of the pipe, leaving a gap between the turns.
• The wire is also soldered.
• A spear-shaped tip is welded to the end of the pipe, the diameter of which is slightly larger than the pipe. This is necessary for the free movement of the structure following the needle.

Tip: For solder you need to use only pure tin. The presence of lead in it is unacceptable for an Abyssinian well; this can cause severe water poisoning.

Suitable for such a well reinforced pipe made of polypropylene.
To make a filter needle from PVC pipes need to:

• Insert a filter mesh inside the pipe.
• Secure it using the fusion method.
• Perforate the pipe. To do this, slits are made on its surface with a hacksaw.

How to build an Abyssinian well

To make a structure, you can use one of two methods:

• Scoring. To drive structures into the ground, a “driver” is usually used. In this case, you need to constantly add water to the pipe. After a sudden drop of water into the soil, the structure is deepened another half a meter, then installation can begin.

The driving method for creating an Abyssinian well is excellent, but there are a number of dangers. The main one is the probability of passing by the aquifer.
In addition, if a stone is encountered at great depths, the structure may be completely damaged.

• Small diameter drilling. This method guarantees the presence of water in the well, but its use requires special equipment.

Advice: It is better to pour one or two bags of marble chips into the well to create an additional filtration circuit and prevent silting of the structure.

To build a well you need to purchase:

• Drill and grinder.
• Hammer and sledgehammer.
• A pair of gas keys.
• Pancakes from a bar from 20 to 40 kg, for clogging a pipe.
• Welding machine.
• Garden auger with a diameter of 15 cm.
• Pipes: From 3 to 10 meters - ½ inch, 1 meter - ¾ inch.
• 1 inch pipe for a well, pieces of 1-1.5 m with a short thread on each side.
• Bolts and nuts 10.
• Mesh made of stainless steel galloon weaving P48, 1 m long and 16 cm wide.
• Car clamps 32 sizes.
• Couplings: steel, for connecting pipes and cast iron, 3 - 4 pieces, for clogging pipes.
• Wire two meters with a diameter of 0.2 - 0.3 mm.
• Pumping station, HDPE pipes, check valve and couplings.

How to make a filter

To make a filter, you need an inch pipe approximately 110 cm long; a cone-shaped tip is welded to it - a needle for an Abyssinian well. If you don't have one, you can simply flatten the end of the pipe with a sledgehammer.
Next you need to do:

• Using a grinder, slots are cut on both sides of the pipe at a length of 80 cm every 1.5 - 2 cm, the size of the slot is from 2 to 2.5 cm. In this case, the overall strength of the pipe should not be compromised.
• A wire is wound onto the pipe.
• After this, a mesh is placed on it and fixed with clamps every 8 - 10 cm. The photo shows ready-made filters for the Abyssinian well.

In America, unlike the Russian Federation, for example, the filter for such a well is made with internal mesh and wire located above and below the mesh.

Drilling technology

The instructions indicate that the drilling process is as follows:

• The soil is drilled using a garden auger.
• The structure is built up from pipes: meter-long ½-inch pipes are connected to each other using couplings from pipes with a diameter of ¾-inch and 10-inch bolts. Holes must first be drilled at the fixation points.
• The process continues until wet sand appears flowing from the surface of the drill. Further drilling makes no sense - wet sand will return back into the well.
• The pipe with the filter is clogged.
• The pipe sections are connected to the filter using couplings. FUM tape is screwed onto the thread.
• Then such a structure with a pipe filter is lowered to the sand, and a cast iron coupling is screwed onto it from above.
• Pancakes are placed on this coupling from the bar. An axis is passed through their center, along which the pancakes will slide and clog the pipe. The axle is made from a piece of pipe 1.5 meters long and ½ inch in diameter with a bolt at the end.

• With each blow from the pancake, the pipe plunges several centimeters.
• After passing half a meter from the sand level, you need to pour some water into the pipe. If she disappears, the sand has accepted her.

How to pump a finished well

The process of pumping a well is as follows:

• A check valve is installed.
• A pumping station is being installed. It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the entire structure.
• Water is poured into the alluvial station.
• A piece of hose is connected to the outlet.
• The pump starts. Initially, air will come out of the well, and then muddy water.
• After this it will appear pure water. You can verify its quality after carrying out tests (see) or simple boiling.

How water is extracted at the dacha using a well needle can be seen in detail in the video. This article suggests brief information about the stages of device construction.

At the dacha, in a private house or country cottage, in areas where it is not possible to connect to the central water supply, and simply for the purpose of gaining independence and obtaining water in the right quantity Usually a well is dug or a borehole drilled.

There are many ways to obtain water, one of which is drilling an Abyssinian well (AW), which is often called an igloo well. The well is drilled to the level of aquiferous sand and water is supplied from there.

What is an Abyssinian well

The emergence of the Abyssinian well has a controversial history; according to one version, such water sources were used by the British during the colonial conquests in North America, namely in Abyssinia (where the name comes from), now it is Ethiopia.

Like any other successful invention, the Abyssinian well became widespread throughout the world. According to another version, an American (Norton) invented a well of this design in the 19th century.

The Abyssinian well is known as different names, for example, Abyssinian water well, needle well, Abyssinian tube well, sand well, driven well.

An Abyssinian well is considered to be a well drilled special method. It is a pipe of small diameter (an inch and a half) 10-20 meters long, driven into the ground. The water is raised using a vacuum method, using a manual or electric pump.

Drinking water from Abyssinian well extracted from surface aquifers filled with precipitation, mineral composition which are beneficial for the human body (little manganese, iron salts, etc.).

Passing through soil and sand, the water is filtered from harmful impurities. It is believed that water from an Abyssinian well is better than from a deep well.

Abyssinian well - advantages and disadvantages

Based on experience of use and numerous reviews, we can highlight the pros and cons of extracting water from the Abyssinian Igla well.

Advantages:

• speed of work. The first water can be obtained within 6-7 hours (the speed is influenced by the type of soil and the depth of the aquifer);

• cheapness. The Abyssinian well is the most economical way water production in terms of installation and operation;

• long service period. An Abyssinian well can function for up to 30 years. The period is influenced by factors such as chemical composition water and sand fractions that can clog the filter (which can be replaced and extend the service life for another 10-15 years);

• the ability to drill a well almost anywhere on the site, in the basement, in the garage, in the barbecue area, in the gazebo, on the veranda, etc.;

• hygiene. The well is protected from external debris;

• all-season use;

• high performance. Up to 3 cubic meters per hour.

Flaws:

• using an electric pump increases the cost of obtaining water. As a consequence, the need for mandatory electrification of the site;

• using a mechanical pump (column) will reduce the water flow rate and require some effort;

• impossibility of plugging an Abyssinian well in some areas.

Geological prerequisites for constructing an Abyssinian well

Unfortunately, not everyone has access to an AK. The engineering and geological conditions for the construction of an Abyssinian well depend on a number of reasons:

• The soil. The Abyssinian well only works in coarse sand or bedrock.

• Location. AK cannot be located near sources of pollution, such as a bathhouse, compost, barnyard, etc. It is also not recommended to dig AK near water - a stream or pond.

How to find a place for a well

Determining a place for an Abyssinian well is practically no different from searching for the installation of any other well. As a rule, indirect signs, the use of a copper frame and a banal survey of neighbors are taken into account.

All methods are good, the main thing is the result. Choosing a location is an important task, because... a mistake eliminates all labor costs and the long-awaited water simply won’t be available.

It depends on the water level whether you will need to use a pump or perhaps install only a manual column. The calculation is as follows: if the water level is below 8 meters, then the water will have to be pumped manually, if up to this limit, then with an electric pump.

Abyssinian well kit

To carry out the work you will need equipment for drilling an Abyssinian well:

• Abyssinian well needle (steel needle, cone or point). You can make a tip with your own hands using lathe. For ease of drilling (driving), the diameter of the needle should exceed the diameter of the pipes by 10-30 mm. Tip length 200-300 mm. The needle can be screwed onto a thread or soldered to a pipe. If you use the welding method, then you need to choose tin as the solder, because... Lead compounds are dangerous (can cause water poisoning).

• Sections (main or pipeline). Water will be supplied through it. It is made simply - individual pipes with a diameter of 1 inch are connected to each other using couplings. In this case, couplings should only be made of steel. Cast iron ones burst when driven. And to avoid water leakage, rubber seals or sanitary linen are used and Oil paint. As a rule, the length of the main line rarely exceeds 15 m. But in some areas there are wells driven to a depth of up to 40 m.

• Pump for the Abyssinian well - manual or electric. Installed at the top of the highway.

• Concrete rings.

All the described elements can be made independently or you can buy a kit for an Abyssinian well, made in an industrial environment.

Abyssinian well - DIY device technology

1. The drilling location is determined;
2. Soil is being excavated at the site of the future AK. It is enough to remove 1 cubic meter, this will make the work easier. Although, many users advise drilling a well without excavation, immediately punching a small well with a diameter of 80-100 mm. If you plan to use the AK all-season, you need to dig a hole with a depth below the freezing level of the soil. Then the equipment for the Abyssinian well will not freeze in winter. But the water from the pump will still have to be drained, otherwise it will be deformed from the thermal expansion of the water;
3. The line is clogged into the soil. To do this, you need to drill a hole; there are several ways to hammer a pipe for a well:

• By using a socket headstock. Here the operating principle is more than simple. Force is applied to the top of the headstock. The impulse from it is transmitted to the pipe. Thus, the tip for the well is driven into the ground. To avoid breaking the pipe thread, you can screw a plug onto it. And fix the grandmother on it.

• By screwing the tip into the soil. This method is the most labor-intensive and is therefore rarely used. Only if you need to drill to a shallow depth;

How to make a rig for drilling an Abyssinian well with your own hands

It was mentioned above that a well can be driven or drilled, it is difficult to say which method is better, it all depends on the soil, location and capabilities. If specialized equipment If you don’t have a well to drill, and you don’t want to hire a crew, you can build a drilling rig yourself - a driving machine.

Let's see how it's done homemade installation well drilling needle

The result will be a drilling rig as in the photo

Two corners 2.5-2.7 m long are welded at an angle with a base length of 110-130 cm. We make 2 such parts. At the top point you need to provide a place for attaching a block for hanging the headstock.
You can use timber or sleepers as a base (platform). The structure is installed and fixed so that the installation does not move during operation.

We hang a headstock weighing 30-40 kg on the block. The internal channel of the headstock must be of sufficient length, preferably 60 cm. If it is shorter, the headstock may fly off the trunk, plus the impact force is reduced (small amplitude). The presence of handles on the headstock will allow you to help with your hands at certain moments when hammering (in especially hard soil layers, one person lifts the headstock by pulling the rope, and the second, holding the handles, accelerates its downward movement).

We make the pipeline for driving the well from sections (pipes) one and a half meters long (there should be 6-8 such sections, depending on the depth of the aquifer, the estimated location of which is determined in advance - we find out from the neighbors, we check with a copper frame), plus one for reserve.

Sections can be made from stainless pipe(expensive) or made of black seamless steel pipe (affordable). You should not use galvanized pipe, it is softer.

The sections are connected using couplings (steel only, cast iron is brittle). The main thing here is to correctly make the thread of the coupling, which should remain outside half a turn or a turn. During the driving process, the impact must be on the end of the pipe, and in no case on the thread, otherwise it will not be possible to screw on the next section.

The cone (tip, needle) must be made of durable steel. There are several ways to construct a wedge: round form It is turned on a lathe, but many advise making it faceted. They are also made from a corner in the form of a tetrahedron. The main thing is that the spear-shaped tip is larger in diameter than the pipe itself.

We insert the filter pipe into the initially drilled hole (made with a hand drill). When hammering in the first section, make sure that it is strictly vertical relative to the ground level. We thoroughly compact the excavated soil.

We put the headstock on the centered trunk (pipe), the driving principle is simple - we pull the rope, the end of which is tied to the headstock, sharply release it, the impact force drives the headstock into the ground.

On the clogged section, screw on the coupling and the next section. Since the layers of soil may differ in their composition (clay, sand), it is natural that the speed of penetration will also vary, so do not be alarmed if it goes quickly in one place and is slow in another.

Before installing the last section, where in theory there should be water, fill the planted pipe with water. In the process, i.e. To soften the flow, you can fill it from a bucket with a watering can, and to check it, it must be under pressure. To do this, you need to connect an electric self-priming pump.

It should be understood that washing the mesh (needle filter) under pressure is important stage. During the drilling process, the pipe passes through different layers, and the filter mesh becomes clogged with rock, soil and clay, so when it reaches the aquifer, water may simply not penetrate into the pipe. If you supply water under pressure and it does not return like a fountain, then the goal has been achieved - you are in the sand. We pour water from a watering can into the pipe - it goes away, which means everything was done correctly.

All that remains is to make a tie around the pipe, connect the pump and pump water.

Conclusion

It is clear from the article that the technology for constructing an Abyssinian well is not particularly difficult. All materials, tools and equipment necessary for its full functioning are quite accessible and not expensive. Thus, after spending just one day on drilling, you gain complete independence from central water supply for a long time.

A well is a rather expensive structure, which requires special equipment and certain skills during its manufacture. Moreover, if the level of aquifers is no deeper than 15 meters, then you can use the simplest design, which was used in ancient times.

That is why many owners of garden plots and private houses are interested in how to make an igloo well with their own hands.

Step by step process

To begin with, it should be said that this type of structure is not suitable for every area.. The level of the first aquifer should be no deeper than 15 meters. In this case, the soil should not contain hard rocks or black clay.

Preparation

• First of all, a needle for the well is made from an ordinary inch pipe.
• At its end a kind of pike is installed, like on a spear, which it is advisable to sharpen well.
• The pipe is perforated at a distance of 20 cm from the peak. In this case, the holes should be randomly located so as not to weaken the product. This area should occupy 20-30 cm in length.
• It is worth noting that a 15 meter pipe is quite difficult to install. However, such a length may not be required. Therefore, pieces are usually used that are connected to each other by welding.
• IN Lately To fasten the segments to each other, threaded fittings are used. However, they should only be installed via a coupling.

• It is desirable that the first segment have the maximum available length, since it will bear the main loads. It is also worth remembering that the needle water well may have a depth of only 7 meters and therefore the rest of the material may not be needed.
• Special attention should be paid to the functional load of the pipe. In wells of this type it is both casing and main, which means you should not choose thin-walled material.

Advice!
Some craftsmen strongly recommend installing a mesh at the bottom of such a pipe, which will serve as a filter.
However, this should not be done, since it will quickly clog and replacement will be very problematic.
In these designs, it is better to use a filter on a pump or pump for the well, although products with large cells or wire-based can be installed, but only outside.

Related articles:

Manufacturing

• It is worth noting that the water in the country and plot of land extracted from wells belongs to the state, since it belongs to the category of minerals. Therefore, before starting work, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate documentation.
• It is also advisable to have special equipment for drilling a well. If it is not available, then you can invite specialists for an appropriate fee or rent a similar unit.

• It must be said that it is quite possible to do without special equipment, but then you need to have a certain tool for self made. However, its use is considered a very labor-intensive process, although the price of such independent work will turn out to be small.
• First, you should drill a hole with a diameter slightly smaller or the same as the pipe. Professional craftsmen claim that a depth of 5-8 meters is usually sufficient. However, not everyone can afford such equipment and therefore they make it as large as possible, even if it is only 3 meters.

• On next stage A pre-prepared pipe is inserted into the hole, with the sharp end down.
• When it reaches the bottom of the well, it is driven into the ground using a percussion tool until it reaches the aquifer. This will be expressed by the fact that water will begin to appear inside.

• After this, the installation instructions recommend digging a well 1 meter deep around it, which is concreted and equipped with a lid. This design will serve as the basis for a water intake well.
• Then an external pump, filter and hydraulic accumulator are installed in the well. Wherein professional craftsmen It is recommended to purchase these products assembled, which will be much more practical and economical.

• You can also install a hand pump, which was used back in the century before last. She doesn't need electrical energy and can be used in extreme situations.
• It should be noted that water from such sources very often carries rain masses, which, after passing through the ground, are purified. However, in order to be sure of its quality, it is worth doing an analysis. The point is that the sources similar type quite specific and can often contain water that is not suitable for drinking.
• It is worth remembering that a well is a structure that needs sanitary zone. It is best to fence it off with a small fence to prevent accidental contamination of the area.

Advice!
When driving the pipe into the ground, you must be very careful not to bend it or damage the junction of the segments.
Therefore, it is recommended to use a special impact tool or make a wooden backing.

Water supply country house- this is one of the primary tasks that must be solved for a comfortable temporary or permanent residence in it, if there is no way to connect to central system water supply If you need a source of water and a very limited budget, you can install a well, which is called an igloo. In addition, the installation work will not be so labor-intensive, and the technology will not be as complex as the process. The Abyssinian well, as this well is also called, was invented in the century before last, but has not lost its relevance today.

An igloo well is a well equipped with a hand pump and the water extracted comes from a sandy aquifer. This well differs from a traditional well clean water. This is due to the fact that dirt, spores, runoff, and water do not get into the water. Before starting to drill a well, you should collect information about the geology of the area in which the site where the work is proposed to be carried out is located. It will be important to know at what depth the aquifer is located.

Tools and materials

• drill;
• hammer;
• Bulgarian;
• weight plates;
• sledgehammer;
• keys;
• welding machine;
• garden auger;
• pipes;
• nuts;
• bolts;
• car clamps;
• couplings;
• wire;
• check valve;
• HDPE pipes;
• pumping station;
• Bulgarian;
• net.

Features of the needle well arrangement

The construction of an Abyssinian well can only be done if the upper aquifer is located no deeper than 8 m from the surface. At greater depths, lifting water using a surface pump can become problematic. If the aquifer is located below the marked mark, it is necessary to install a needle of a larger diameter on the sand; alternatively, you can bury the pump lower.

The aquifer, which will act as a source for the needle well, must contain medium-fraction sand or a mixture of crushed stone and sand.

Water will move through soil with the above composition freely, and for this reason it will be easy to pump out. Those layers that are located above the aquifer will be of interest to the master when drilling solely for the quality of their permeability. It is worth remembering that the tool that is supposed to be used in the work process will not be able to overcome deposits of pebbles and boulders; rocky hard layers will also not be affected. In order to carry out such drilling operations, special drilling equipment should be used.

An Abyssinian well can be installed on your site with a high degree of probability if one already exists on a neighboring site. One of the main advantages of such a well is that it can be installed on a site or in a house. In addition, such a well will not take up much precious space, and the construction will not violate the integrity of the landscape. To install most other types of wells, it is necessary to provide access roads and leave areas for work. The needle well does not require special equipment when installing; the work process will take approximately 10 hours. The latter circumstance will be determined by the depth of the aquifer and the hardness of the soil.

Before you begin, you should prepare a high-quality filter that will prevent silting and guarantee long-term operation. This ensures that contaminants from the surface do not enter the well. Igloo is also chosen because the quality of the water from it is comparable to spring water. The needle well will provide the house and site with a continuous supply of water. The flow rate of an average well is equal to the limit of 0.5-3 m 3 /hour. If necessary, the device can be easily dismantled and installed in another location.

Abyssinian wells are not as deep as compared to ordinary wells, which are built on sand, for this reason the likelihood of dissolved iron getting into them is much less. This circumstance indicates that there is no need to use an expensive well filter.

The Abyssinian well is easy to set up using special equipment, but purchasing it is unprofitable, and inviting professionals is very expensive. Eat alternative solution for well construction, which involves using exclusively the tools that are available.

Preparatory work

To construct an Abyssinian well, you should use a drill, an angle grinder, a hammer, a sledgehammer, and 2 gas keys. In order to hammer the pipe, it will be necessary to use pancakes from the bar, the weight of which can vary between 20-40 kg. For the work, you will need to prepare a garden drill, the diameter of which should be 15 cm. You will need to prepare pipes, one of them (½ inch) should have a length of 3-10 m, the second (¾ inch) - 1 m. A pipe will be needed for the well (1 inch), it must be cut into pieces, each of which must be limited to 1-1.5 m and have a short thread on 2 sides. You will need a mesh made of stainless steel, it must have P48 galloon weaving, the width of the piece should be 16 cm, length - 1 m. You will need couplings made of cast iron in the amount of 3-4 pieces. They are to be used when clogging a pipe. But steel couplings will be needed to connect pipes.

During the work, you will need a wire whose diameter is equal to the limit of 0.2-0.3 mm, its length should be 2 m.

Making your own filter

In order to make a filter, you must use inch pipe, the length of which is 110 cm, a tip must be welded to it, which should have the shape of a cone. It is precisely called a needle for a well. If such a tip is not available, it is permissible to flatten the end of the pipe using a sledgehammer. On 2 sides of the pipe, using a grinder, you should cut slots located lengthwise and having total length equal to 80 cm, the step between them should be 2 cm, and the length of each should be 2.5 cm. In this case, the strength characteristics of the pipe should not be compromised.

You have to wind the wire onto the pipe, then you need to put a mesh on it and strengthen everything with clamps spaced 10 cm apart from each other. The mesh can be strengthened by soldering. Sometimes a filter for such a well is made with a mesh located inside, as well as wire located above and below the mesh. You should not use solders with lead, as otherwise toxic substances will get into the water. During the work, it is recommended to use exclusively special flux, as well as tin solder.

Features of drilling

Soil drilling should be done using garden borer, as necessary, it should be expanded using pipe structures. For this purpose, pipes of ½ inch and a length of 1 m should be joined with couplings made of pipes with a diameter of ¾ inch; bolts should be used as fasteners. In those places where fastening is supposed to be done, it is necessary to form holes in advance. Drilling work should continue until wet sand appears and begins to flow down the base of the drill. At this point, continuing drilling will be pointless, because... sand will return to the well. At the next stage, you can proceed to plugging the pipe with the filter. The pipe sections must be connected with couplings, screwing FUM tape onto the threads. The resulting structure must be lowered to the sand, and a coupling made of cast iron must be screwed onto the pipe on top. You need to place pancakes on top of the coupling, through the central holes of which you should pass an axle; the pancakes will slide along it, driving the pipe. The axle consists of a 1.5 piece of pipe (½ inch) and a bolt at the end.

One blow of the pancake will allow you to immerse the pipe several centimeters. After 0.5 m from the sand layer has been overcome, you can pour some water into the pipe. If it disappears, it will indicate that the sand has accepted it. The aquiferous sand layer will absorb moisture at the same rate as it releases it.

Now you can proceed to pumping the well. It is necessary to install a non-return valve and pumping station. In this case, HDPE pipes should be used; it is important to monitor the tightness of the structure during this. You need to fill the station with water by connecting the hose to the outlet. Now it is permissible to start the pump.

There should be no manure pits or drains near the water intake site.

You can decorate the well with a canopy with your own hands; it is recommended to build a platform around it. The site should be small in size, and its purpose will be to separate rainwater from the well. For effective outflow, the site should be located slightly above the ground surface. Rejection of rainwater will ensure the purity of the water in the well.