How a radiant heating system works: diagrams and wiring options. Radiant home heating system

The installation of a heating system is the most expensive item in the estimate overhaul or construction. The correct installation and features of all elements of this object depend on performance characteristics, owners' expenses for energy resources in winter.

Gradually replacing outdated tee wiring. This is due to a number of its advantages. The master should learn how to arrange such a wiring independently, as well as what its main features are, before starting installation.

general characteristics

Can be done using various wiring. The beam system is also called the collector system. Each radiator in the building is supplied to a separate pipe. Each of them has its own pipe returning to the collector. Radiators with this connection are a separate element. They do not depend on other heating devices in the network and are supplied to the collector in parallel.

The collector is a large device. It is responsible for supplying coolant to each individual circuit. If it is necessary to repair one battery, the heating system continues to operate as before. Only one radiator is cut off.

according to the tee scheme, it involves a smaller number of pipes. However, installation costs are recouped during the operation of the system. The positive economic effect of using beam wiring in a large house or cottage with two or more floors is especially pronounced.

Advantages and disadvantages

Characterized by some features radial wiring of the heating system. Advantages and disadvantages such an organization must be considered before installation. The disadvantages include a larger number of pipes and fittings. This significantly increases the cost of repairs. The tee circuit is much cheaper to install. Also a large number of connections if connected incorrectly can lead to frequent system breakdowns.

However, all these disadvantages pale against the background of the advantages of radiant heating. In this case, the system quickly pays for its installation cost. The ability to control the heating in each room significantly reduces energy costs. When organizing such a system, there are many joints and joints. The master has easy access to them. Therefore, when carrying out repairs, this factor greatly facilitates the work.

The beam system pipes can be hidden under the floor, in the thickness of the wall, or simply behind curtains. A properly planned scheme allows you to remove unattractive communications from view. The tee circuit does not provide such an opportunity to home owners.

System elements

Consists of several required elements. The main one is the boiler. When calculating its power, the area of ​​the premises, as well as the heat loss of the building, are taken into account.

The circuit includes a circulation pump. There are systems with natural circulation coolant. However, they are less effective. Today, almost all radiant heating schemes include a pump. It forces the heated liquid to move along the circuits at a certain speed. This makes it possible to maintain optimal heating conditions for the room.

The collector is a distribution unit. It is responsible for optimal nutrition of all circuits. This element may include various control and shut-off equipment. The presented devices are installed in a special cabinet. This allows you to protect your equipment and hide it from prying eyes.

Circulation type

Can use the principle of natural or forced circulation. In the first case, the coolant is distributed through pipes and radiators by gravity. This requires installing pipes large diameter. This is a simple but less effective system. It is suitable only for a small one-story house that does not have electricity.

IN modern construction beam systems are used in combination with a pump. It provides forced circulation of the coolant. The pump is installed on the supply or return circuit. It works with a certain power. Such a device is necessary for the heating system of a large or two-story cottage.

Thanks to the many advantages, as well as the reasonable cost of circulation pumps, today this installation option is used almost everywhere.

Design

Calculation of a radiant heating system carried out at the design stage. To do this, you need to draw a detailed diagram with dimensions on paper. All elements are indicated on it. If necessary, the drawing can be ordered from a special organization.

First you need to evaluate existing features premises. The rooms should not be decorated. It is best to hide the pipes in the floor under the screed. The plan also indicates radiators and their location (on the wall under the window). The number of sections and their internal volume depend on the material of the convector, as well as the thickness of its walls. In accordance with the parameters specified by the manufacturer, the required volume of coolant for each battery is calculated.

According to the radial scheme, it is characterized by some additional heat losses. The heated liquid is supplied to the batteries through pipes, the length of which will be greater than in a tee circuit. This feature must be taken into account when making calculations.

The plan indicates where the pipes will be laid. Pressure gauges, thermometers, shut-off valves are added to the equipment. Before installation, all elements of the main and additional equipment should be carefully considered. The sequence of their installation is also indicated in the diagram.

Manifold selection

Includes a collector (comb). This element has pipes for the inlet and outlet of the coolant. For a beam circuit, two types of collectors should be installed.

The first of these will be the input comb. A pump is connected to it, as well as a coolant distribution valve. It can be three- or two-way. The valve contains a thermometer. It is installed in the collector housing. The device transmits information to the valve. It opens or closes the valve, mixing hot liquid into the circuit.

The outlet manifold collects the cooled coolant, which returns to the boiler. The heating device heats it up again. Additionally, a balancing flow controller can be installed on this pipe. The collector group ensures the stability of the system. It is responsible for optimizing and balancing the heating of the coolant in the system.

Pipe selection

Which is mounted according to a beam pattern, requires the correct selection of pipes. Communications must be flexible enough to avoid installing a large number of connections. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are best suited for these purposes. Such products are sold in coils.

Polyethylene pipes that are suitable for radiant heating systems must have an airtight layer. When using conventional varieties, air enters the system. It leads to the development of corrosion metal elements, imminent equipment failure.

To connect the collector to the boiler, ¾-inch pipes are used. Radiators can be connected to the comb using communications with a cross-section of ½ inch. This is possible if used in a pump. Otherwise, the diameter of the pipes may be larger.

Installation features

Can be installed by the owners of a private home. To do this it is necessary to select separate room for the installation of a boiler room.

After installing the heating device, the comb is installed immediately after it. The equipment must be kept in a protective box. The collector must be freely accessible. A pressure gauge and thermometer are installed at the coolant outlet. The Mayevsky valve and other safety devices allow you to stabilize the pressure in the system.

Shut-off valves allow, if necessary, to carry out preventive maintenance or repair of equipment. After installation, the equipment is checked. If everything is normal, the pipes are poured into the screed.

To implement a project for equipping a house with a heating system, both newly built and reconstructed, there are following methods connections of heating devices:

1. Circuit with tee (perimeter) wiring.
2. Beam (collector) connection.

The first method is cheaper, because total length There are significantly fewer installed pipes. But in many other respects, the standard linear circuit is inferior to the collector circuit, in which separate independent pipelines (beams) are allocated to connect each convector.

Radial diagram for connecting radiators

In the collector system heating elements separately, in a parallel circuit, they are closed to the distribution node (comb), which is connected through the main line to central heating or heating boiler.

The role of the collector is to evenly distribute heat flows along the rays of the system and, due to natural or artificially created circulation, collect and return them, in the form that has given off heat, to the heat source.

Design and principle of operation

A radiant heating system for a private house is much more complex than a sequential, or so-called tee heating system. In it, a separate pair of pipes is supplied to each radiator on the floor - for the hot coolant and for its return. According to the principle of action, it resembles circulatory system human with its arteries for oxygenated blood and veins for collecting the return blood flow. Each organ or part of the body has both arteries and veins. An analogue of the heart, pumping blood through the veins and arteries, is a circulation pump.

It drives hot liquid from the boiler to the radiators through hot manifold, it flows back to the collector by gravity.

Pros and cons of the beam system

It is best to weigh all the pros and cons before installing a heating system and decide in advance which system will suit you best. Of course, the beam system has its own characteristics, which also need to be taken into account.

Pros of the beam system

But all of the above loses its significance against the background of the general advantages of a radiant heating system. In a very short period of time, a properly designed and installed beam system:

• It will more than pay for itself. It also has a lot of useful and convenient features;
• When using a radiant heating system, you can have a differentiated approach to heating in each room. This approach allows you to more efficiently distribute heat in your home, which entails very large energy savings;
• This system is also convenient in that during its repair you can get unhindered access to pipe connections, which speeds up the identification of problems and their elimination;
• In a traditional heating system, hiding pipes is not very easy. The radial system allows pipes to be hidden from view either in the walls or under the floor. If this system is installed correctly, then no components or wiring will be noticeable;
• The correct radial distribution scheme allows you to effectively distribute heat throughout the entire area of ​​your home.

Disadvantages of the beam system

• This system has, perhaps, only one minus - it larger number elements in its design. In particular - pipes. It also uses more fittings;
• A large number of elements in a given system can increase repair costs. A conventional heating system has a lower estimated cost and is cheaper to repair.

The radiant heating system of a private house requires a more correct approach when connecting all heating devices, since violation of the connection rules is fraught frequent breakdowns systems - as a whole.

Comparison with other heating wiring diagrams

Heating systems have been improved over the decades and the wiring diagram is no longer at all similar to their predecessors. IN modern houses we have long since moved away from the classic wood stoves- modern people need automation and do not need unnecessary worries with heating the house.

Single pipe system

In this type of wiring, one pipe is used, which goes sequentially to the heating radiators, from one to another and returns to the heating boiler. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Two-pipe system

Unlike a single-pipe system, in a two-pipe system the heating radiators are connected in parallel. A pipe with hot coolant goes to each heating radiator and a pipe with cooled liquid goes out. A circulation pump can be used to move the coolant through the heating pipes.

Types of beam wiring

There are only two options for implementing a collector heating system:

1. With forced circulation, the main advantage of which is stable and efficient pumping of coolant through all communications. Circulation pump can be installed on any of the mains - supply or return.
2. With natural circulation, the circuit of which includes expansion tank and large diameter communications.

Installation of a system with natural circulation is justified in country houses and for reasons of economy. Indeed, in this case, the pump and all kinds of sensors become unnecessary.

When does it make sense to equip a beam system?

Although the advantages of organizing collector wiring for heating a house are obvious, it may not always be justified.

First of all, this type of horizontal system requires the mandatory absence of a finished floor before installation. Otherwise, you will have to break parquet, tiles, etc.

Before installation, you should also draw up and carefully study the project future system, in which you need to take into account the following details:

• places of installation of heating devices;
• plan the laying of communications - the central distribution manifold and individual circuits;
• calculate the installation locations of safety and shut-off valves and their number.

The importance of the last point for the arrangement of a radiant heating system is obvious. For example, if standard piping requires the installation of only one air vent, then the system described above requires one air vent for each circuit.

In general, such heating is quite suitable for large private houses, where the system is primarily required to be highly efficient with significant fuel savings.

However, for high-quality implementation, careful design of the project is required, and the cost of such a system, as a rule, is higher than similar horizontal perimeter wiring due to high material consumption.

A radiant heating system is, on the one hand, quite expensive, but on the other, extremely effective. Its main advantages are low heat loss, the ability to set the desired temperature for individual circuits and even individual heating devices. In addition, each radiator can be isolated from the system for replacement or repair without turning off the heat supply to other rooms.

How to organize a beam system

The most important element in organizing such systems is the collector assembly. If it is necessary to carry out wiring on each of the floors, you will need to place one on each of the floors.

Forced circulation pump

During installation, the collectors are placed in special cabinets, which provide the ability to regulate the operation of the system. When laying, it is necessary to ensure a minimum number of pipe joints, which significantly increases the safety and stability of the equipment.

Also, it is necessary to choose the right heating boiler, taking into account power, heat and electrical energy, coefficient useful action taking into account heat losses from the system. Regardless of the type of fuel that the boiler consumes during the heating process, the need for calculation is mandatory.

Selecting a forced circulation pump

The main application of radiant circuits for home heating systems is a horizontal arrangement, with coolant supplied from below. To ensure operation, it is necessary to use a circulation pump, which ensures forced circulation of the coolant through the branches of the network.

Using a pump can significantly reduce the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the circuit. As a result, the efficiency of the beam system is significantly increased, providing greater compactness and lower material costs.

Choosing this type of unit is based on several parameters:

• performance;
• pressure height.

To select the right pump, it is necessary to take into account the width of the pipe lumen, the length and height level relative to the pump itself. All calculations are carried out in advance.

Connection method without pump

The operation of the system can be ensured without purchasing and connecting a pump and a number of devices to remove excess air, but it is necessary to ensure compliance with certain conditions, which are extremely difficult to implement. It is necessary to select pipes with a large diameter and install the expansion tank at the maximum height from the floor.

This method can be used in rooms with small dimensions to ensure sufficient heat in the room. However, choosing between forced or natural water supply is required during the calculation process.

The rule is to install a circulation pump

1. Wet pumps power unit installed horizontally.
2. The thermostat device must not be brought as close as possible to hot surfaces to avoid distorted readings.
3. Installation is usually carried out on the return sections of the system to ensure normal operation of the system and to prevent excess temperatures. A number of modern pumps can also be mounted near the boiler and operate at high temperatures without problems.
4. If there is no mechanism for eliminating excess air on the heating circuit, you should definitely choose a pump with the ability to remove gases.
5. It is advisable to mount it as close as possible to the expansion tank.
6. Before installation, it is advisable to clean the system of all solids.
7. Before launching the beam system, it is imperative to conduct preliminary testing with water.

Installation of a circulation pump

Selecting a distribution manifold

This device has a second name - distribution comb. It received it for the function it performs - supplying liquid that conducts heat to each individual heating element, radiators, heated floors and others. Also, the coolant is returned to certain holes on the way back, after which it is supplied to the boiler or mixed with the contents of the pipes to reduce the temperature.

Distribution manifold

The number of simultaneously supported pipes reaches 12. In some models, for complex radiant heating systems for a two-story house, their number may be greater. Each manifold is connected to a ball valve, which allows you to regulate the flow of liquid to each radiator. This is necessary to regulate the amount of coolant that flows through the branches.

Choosing pipes

There are a number of aspects by which the operational characteristics of the future pipeline are determined. You should make your choice after you decide where the network will be installed: under a camouflage coating or in a cement screed.

During the work, you will need to bend the pipes in a certain way, under non-standard angle. For this reason, it is advisable to use a material with a sufficient degree of flexibility so as not to increase the number of joints. The best option is pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Pipes

Moreover, the design must have a layer of airtight material. Otherwise, the smallest oxygen particles contained in the coolant may escape. As a result, rusting of the boiler and radiators is observed.

Also, it is worth paying attention to the following points:

1. For beam distribution, it is not necessary to use pipes of standard diameter. The optimal clearance is from 24 to 32 millimeters.
2. It is worth choosing products that are sufficiently protected from mechanical damage. Most often they are filled with cement, but it is necessary to prevent excessive pressure on the network.

This requires checking the integrity and connections of all pipe elements. After which you can launch. This is required to prevent leaks during operation.

Beam wiring diagram

When choosing a heating scheme, in most cases they choose a radial floor-to-floor pipeline layout. All pipes are hidden from view in the thickness of the floor. The collector - the main distribution body is installed in a niche of the wall fence, often in a special cabinet located in the center of the house/apartment.

In the vast majority of cases, the implementation of beam distribution requires a circulation pump, and sometimes several, installed on each ring or branch. Its necessity is described above. Radial wiring of the heating system assembly is most often performed on the basis of one- and two-pipe installation, almost completely replacing the tee type of connection.

This is a simplified radial wiring diagram, in which each radiator is connected to a manifold connector for direct and reverse coolant supply

On each floor, supply and return manifolds are installed near the riser of the two-pipe system. Under the floor, pipes from both collectors run in the wall or under the floor and connect to each radiator within the floor.

Each of the contours should have approximately the same length. If this cannot be achieved, then each ring must be equipped with its own circulation pump and automatic temperature control.

At the same time, the change temperature regime will be completely independent on each circuit and will not influence each other. Because the pipeline will be under the screed; each radiator must be equipped with an air valve. The air vent can also be placed on the manifold.

Preliminary stage

Before starting work, the owner’s task is to correctly select all components and equipment locations, namely:

• determine the location of radiators;
• select the type of radiators based on pressure indicators and type of coolant, and also determine the number of sections or panel area (calculate heat losses and calculate thermal power necessary for high-quality heating of each room);
• schematically depict the location of radiators and pipeline routes, not forgetting about the other elements of the heating system (boiler, collectors, pump, etc.);
• Make a paper list of all the items and do your shopping. In order not to make a mistake in the calculation, you can invite a specialist.

So, to proceed to the next stage, it is necessary to take into account the rules for installing the beam system

Rules for installing beam wiring

If you choose to lay pipes under the floor, follow several rules that will help avoid heat loss and freezing of the coolant. There should be enough space between the rough and finished floors (more on this later in the description).

When installing pipes into the floor, it is important to take into account several requirements, one of which is the presence of sufficient space between the finished and subfloors

The subfloor can be a concrete foundation slab. A layer of insulation is first laid over it, then a pipeline is installed. If you lay pipes without a heat-insulating backing, the water in these areas may freeze, losing a lot of heat.

As for pipes, it is better to opt for polyethylene or metal-plastic models, which are highly flexible. Polypropylene pipelines do not bend well, so they are not suitable for beam distribution.

In most cases, a pipe with a diameter of 16 - 20 mm is used (if the radiator power is over 1.5 kW, then 20 mm), on which a thermal insulating corrugation is placed to reduce heat loss and compensate for thermal expansion.

The pipeline must be attached to the base so that it does not float while pouring the finishing layer of screed. Can be secured using mounting tape, plastic clamps or other available methods.

The pipe under the screed must be insulated in order to reduce heat loss to a minimum, and on the first floor it is imperative to lay a layer of thermal insulation

Then we lay insulation around the pipeline with a 50 mm layer of polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam. We also attach the insulation to the base of the floor using dowel nails. The final stage is pouring a 5-7 cm layer of mortar, which will serve as the base of the finished floor. Any flooring can be laid on this surface.

If pipes are laid on the second floor and above, then installation of a thermal insulation layer is optional. Remember one thing important rule, there should be no connections in sections of the pipeline located under the floor.

If there is a circulation pump of sufficient power and performance, the collector is sometimes placed on the floor below relative to the level of the radiators.

If the collector is located on the lower level (basement), then you need to take into account several rules for the correct installation of pipes from the comb to the radiators, which are located on the next level

From the collector, the pipes rise vertically to the ceiling. Then a bend is made and the pipeline along the ceiling is brought to each radiator with another 90 degree bend. The pipes must be secured to the ceiling. Thus, a vertical pipe through the ceiling is connected to each heating device.

Video

System.

Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will be required to use pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees with which heating devices are connected become larger. Price similar element commensurate with the cost of the pipe.

When collector-

Scheme.

• flexible;
• elastic;
• heat resistant.

Manifold boxes and blocks

• plastic;
• nickel plated brass;
• copper;
• stainless steel

Supply to heating devices switched on collector wiring, can be created automatically adjustable. In this case, on the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), instead of the plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), a small electromechanical servo drive is installed, connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Heating devices are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (valves with a spherical shut-off element can be installed).

Conclusion

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Heating system Leningradka with circulation forced type: important points. "Tying" of the heating device when single-pipe heating, specifics.

Many property owners are thinking about how to implement an alternative heat supply for a private home. Home heating systems are a plus.

Radial heat distribution system

Manifold heating distribution

Excellent conditions in a house or on a summer cottage are determined not only by the presence of a boiler. All heating elements become important. People are increasingly refusing the tee system, because it is very slow and uncomfortable. With its help, you cannot change the temperature and make repairs without creating inconvenience. Collector heating distribution, on the contrary, is gaining great popularity. Previously, it involved excessive costs, and because of this, few people wanted to buy it.

Differences between and tee systems.

The radial type heat supply distribution has the ability to connect heating devices to the distribution system. Pipes run from each point to the battery. There are two of them: the one that supplies the coolant and removes it. The heating device itself is a large technical device, which is why it is mainly stored in a specialized building.

A typical tee system takes into account a small number of pipes, but regardless of this, there will be many more connections. This will complicate the installation, and the possibility of failure of the unit has many chances.

When the collector is separated, the number of pipes becomes larger, but all joints are easy to reach, which means that removing the problem takes little time. Each individual branch of the heating system can simply be turned off and this will not cause disruption to the heating of other rooms. A radiant heating distribution system installed in a couple-storey building usually has forced and gravitational circulation.

The key advantage of a radiant heating system is the availability of its installation under pipes. With a tee system, fit the pipes into inaccessible place is considered impossible, because if repairs are necessary, the walls and floor will have to be destroyed.

Home collector wiring – circulation function

An alternative heating system that has a forced circulation function.

About 10 years ago, a very small number of people could afford this device. In our time, the cost of technical devices has decreased significantly, and this has made heating systems of this type publicly available.

The key advantage of forced circulation is the unnatural circulation of coolant through the batteries. The water seal can be installed on both output and receiving paths. The radiant heating system does not require special construction of living rooms.

The actual circulation of the coolant in the heating system involves the use of large cross-section pipes and the installation of a specialized tank. Very often this is considered inconvenient, because the coolant recovery part should be installed at a higher point in the room.

The distribution of radiant heat supply with real coolant circulation makes it possible to save on additional elements. Parts that are very expensive are not needed for the actual functioning of such a heating system.

If the room works as a building in a country house, then the most optimal choice there will be a real circulation. Even without additional devices, the house will be heated very efficiently.

Radiant heating distribution in a private house - its advantages and disadvantages

Pros and cons of the heating system.

When creating a project for diluting heating system batteries, it is necessary to consider all the pros and cons of this type of heat supply to the room. Radiation-type heat supply wiring has disadvantages; anyone who is at least a little competent in this area knows them, but few are familiar with its good qualities. The disadvantages include: high consumption of materials for construction and, naturally, much higher costs than when constructing tee pipes; the need to allocate a significant amount of space for a specialized tank or block for it.

Also, collector wiring also has advantages, everyone knows that they undoubtedly exist, but problems arise with their clear definition. Very often you can hear that a radiant heating system is simply of better quality and that’s the end of it. Although she, for her part, provides a large number of purposes and good sides.

They consist in the elementary creation of a design for a heat supply device; pipes of the same cross-section can be used all the time, which is very convenient; banality of mounting due to insufficient quantity joints between pipes; possibility of uniform coolant circulation.

This is very important for people who use plumbing equipment, mainly imported from other countries, which generally has three atmospheric pressures. The radiant heating system is very rational and heats the home in exactly the same way.

The broken part of the pipe can simply be replaced with a new one, without resorting to dismantling the floor; the ability to turn off one of the batteries, while the others will be fully operational; devices for regulating the temperature level in any room; such regulators can be mechanical or automated.

This heating system is good because of its flexibility, as well as the general availability of an automated control system.

Radiant heating system in a house with several apartments

Perimeter or collector wiring of the heating system: what to choose?

Being a variation of the methods of laying heating pipes of two-pipe horizontal systems of modern private and apartment buildings, the collector distribution of the heating system has a number of indisputable positive qualities. Each circuit of the system with such piping is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set a personal operating mode for it that meets the condition of a person’s comfort in a certain area of ​​the room.

Heating pipes laid in the thickness of a concrete screed or under a wooden floor on wooden blocks must be reliable, eliminating (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration bandwidth and other breakdowns.

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Modern apartment buildings and private country houses of any number of floors are very often equipped with horizontal heating systems. A mandatory element of such a scheme is considered to be one or more (in a building with several apartments - in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, having branches/entrances into separate rooms/apartments on each floor. Subsequent installation of pipelines is carried out in a “horizontal” way.

When making such systems, workers invariably encounter difficulties in laying heating pipes to heating devices. Pipe lines vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not disturb the residents very much. Horizontal pipes laid openly under the walls, become an argument that interferes with the natural process of exploitation of the premises, and do not fit well into their interiors. Thanks to this, they are used different ways their horizontal hidden laying.

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

Routing of pipes and wires in a branched dead-end circuit.

Very short pipe lengths and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are offset by mutual crossing of pipes and wires, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

Perimeter wiring heating systems

• Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the baseboard.

Pipeline layout diagram for a two-pipe dead-end system.

The lack of crossing of pipes in the diagram is offset by the need to make holes in the walls (in the given diagram it is necessary to drill five holes).

• Layout of pipelines according to the scheme with passing traffic water (Tichelman scheme).

Layout of pipes and wires according to the Tichelman scheme.

Here the first heating device of the heating circuit has the shortest “flow” length and the most longer length“return”, the final heating device is the opposite. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the coolant when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of heating devices in a branch.

Collector-beam wiring heating systems

Pipeline routing diagram for a collector system.

The popularity of this scheme is regularly increasing. Here the pipes are laid in the floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each heating device from the collectors (based on this “supply” and “return”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). The downside is very high costs due to excessive consumption of pipes and additional costs for collectors.

Another striking advantage of the scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will be required to use pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Based on this, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees with which heating devices are connected become larger. The cost of such an element is comparable to the cost of the pipe.

The use of manifold wiring, which increases the length of the pipes, provides the final benefit due to a reduction in their diameter.

General requirements for the installation process of collector wiring

For collector distribution, a common method is to lay pipes in the floor in a screed; its thickness is 50-80 mm. Lay plywood on top, covered with a final floor covering (parquet, linoleum). This thickness of the screed is quite sufficient for free “monolithization” of the intra-apartment (in-house) collector wiring of the heating system. It is possible to lay pipes externally under walls under decorative skirting boards, entailing an inevitable increase in the length of pipelines. There are known options for laying collector distribution pipes in the space of a suspended (suspended) ceiling, in grooves.

Connecting heating devices with a manifold circuit.

Metal-plastic or PEX pipes (X-linked polyethylene pipes) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene have an absolute advantage here. According to SNiP, only unbreakable connections can be “mortared” into concrete. Pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene are connected using tension connectors, which are classified as permanent connections. Metal-plastic pipes use crimp connectors with union nuts. “Monoliquing” them means violating SNiP. Each wedge pipe connection must be accessible for physical and technical maintenance (tightening).

Even without connectors, not every metal-plastic pipe is definitely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polymer ethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing temperature. After all, metal and plastic have different volumetric magnification coefficients. Due to this, the glue composition that unites them should be:

• internally strong (cohesive);
• adhesive to aluminum and polymer ethylene;
• flexible;
• elastic;
• heat resistant.

Not everyone meets these requirements. adhesive compositions Even popular European manufacturers of pipes made of metal-plastic, which delaminate over some time, the layer inside the polyethylene in this pipe “collapses,” reducing its cross-section. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and the location of the breakdown is usually impossible to find - in most cases, the “sin” is caused by breakdowns of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In light of the above, we advise readers to pay their own attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses American adhesive from the DSM concern, which ensures reliable metal/plastic connections, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.

Manifold boxes and blocks

In an apartment with a horizontal collector distribution of heat supply (on the floors of privatized houses), distribution-type collectors (supply and “return”) are organized, collecting all supply and return lines from pipes at their own outlets. They are placed in specialized iron cabinets, very often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inwards. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in intentionally constructed wall niches. Often the collector unit is connected to the heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.

Box for collectors with heat energy metering unit.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices will be:

• plastic;
• nickel plated brass;
• copper;
• stainless steel

Most well-known manufacturers of heating equipment (VALTEC, etc.) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostats (on the return manifold), automated Mayevsky taps, drain valves and mounting holders .

Complete collector block.

The task of personal adjustment of the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch of collector-heating systems is solved by tuning valves with installed flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow along the shortest path with very little hydraulic resistance. It flows more intensely around short branches, warming up the heating devices installed there more intensely.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the consumption of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and widening them in long ones. Setting up is a labor-intensive process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly close or open the flow along the contours. Thermostats perform a similar function.

Thermal valves on the manifold - “return” - are valves that slowly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Combined layout of heat supply pipes and wires

Often, there is not only one device installed in a room for heating the room, but several. It is impractical to connect a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each heating device during collector wiring. It is better to run a separate branch to any room, which will bypass several radiators in the middle of the room, performing a dead-end or passing circuit.

Combined wiring diagram for heating systems.

A system of this kind is designed as a beam system. Branches that supply several heating devices with heat carriers are subject to separate calculations as dead-end or passing. IN modern systems heating devices are equipped with thermal valves (thermostats), which can be adjusted by customers to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. It becomes very difficult to maintain the stability of indoor temperatures.

It turns out that you can free yourself from instability, while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting heating devices, combining them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

“Walk-through” connection diagram for heating devices.

The thermal valve is placed exclusively on the first heating device in the circuit, regulating the flow rate across all gradually switched on devices for heating the room. They are perceived as one heating device. Balancing difficulties will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply to heating devices connected via manifold wiring can be created automatically regulated. In this case, on the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), instead of the plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), a small electromechanical servo drive is installed, connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Heating devices are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (valves with a spherical shut-off element can be installed).

Thermal valve servo drive dimensions.

A similar scheme has very high capital costs while providing a high level of comfort. temperature desired by the client environment can be set from the control panel of the room thermostatic valve, the signals of which are processed by servo drives on the thermal valves of the return manifold. The system can be controlled by a so-called chronothermostat, which provides the client with the ability to set a temperature control program for 7 days, differentiated by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

The heating system with manifold-pipe distribution provides the client with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and personal adjustment of the operating modes of the radiators. A certain increase in the length of pipes during collector wiring is compensated in advance by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.

Collector heating system for a private house - pros and cons

Radiant heating system

• Radiant heat supply: a simple scheme of actions
• Editing like aerobatics
• It is hardly possible to do without a circulation pump

Heating systems are challenging, especially when it is necessary to include both the personal tastes of the owners and the originality of the structure that needs heating. Those who live in apartment buildings are familiar with the pattern: the higher the floor, the less heat there will be, which means the degree of comfort will decrease, and the health of the families living there will become worse. The reason is the methodical reconnection of heat exchangers to one, passing and connecting riser together. The consumption of purchased pipes allows you to save on them, but it is unrealistic to achieve a homogeneous temperature in all apartments. The temperature will also differ in the rooms, the details of the living space.

Time demonstrates that a radiant heating system is most optimal for balanced temperature control. To define it, the synonym collector is used. This modern heat supply system has proven itself with its own operating parameters and non-hazardous parameters for residents.

Radiant heating system is the best solution

Heating system diagram.

Anyone who owns his own home naturally wants to organize it with his own hands. good system excellent heat supply. He must know for sure: great heating systems have not yet been invented, so you need to select what is the most functional and has received positive approval. You can give your own preference to the heating system, nicknamed. Its romantic-geometric name is absolutely explained: each heating device receives its own beam as a pipeline.

If the owner owns a comfortable, not very large and heavy house, which consists of 2 floors, then the scheme for constructing heating systems using collectors provides for the presence of its own collector on each floor. They are connected together in a parallel way, then a boiler is installed, then an expansion tank. This heating system is sometimes called two-pipe. And it is right. A pair of pipes runs through all the rooms that need to be heated. One line of pipes is formed for the direct movement of liquid - the other is responsible for the way back.

When building a home, the heating system has always been one of the most expensive expenses. The comfort and costs of residents for electricity and other types of fuel during the cold season largely depend on how correctly the heating system is installed. Outdated heating systems are being replaced by increasingly newer and more efficient systems that have better heat transfer, thereby saving on fuel. These systems are of the beam type, and they require competent design and installation. This article will discuss the radiant heating system and its features. Here we will also consider important points that you should pay attention to when installing the wiring of a radiant heating system.

Two-pipe heating system

Autonomous heating systems are becoming increasingly popular among people. They have a lot of different wiring options. Until recently, conventional autonomous heating systems were used, but more recently they have been replaced by radiant heating systems. They are also popularly called collectors. The name speaks for itself, since individually each radiator is connected directly to the collector, which distributes the coolant. With this connection of radiators, they are completely independent of each other. In a radiant heating system, other heating devices can be used, which also do not depend on radiators in this system. The radiators here are connected in parallel to the collector. As a rule, the collector is mounted somewhere in a remote part of the room, or hidden in a wall, or in a special cabinet. The collector is sometimes quite large sizes. It all depends on the area of ​​the heated room. The beam system allows you to easily repair a failed radiator without stopping the entire system. A radiator in need of repair should simply be disconnected from the heating system and dismantled.

In a conventional heating system it is used two-pipe scheme. It is also called tee. To install this autonomous heating scheme, much fewer pipes are required than for radial heating. But the additional costs for pipes in the beam system are more than recouped due to energy savings. The radiant heating system most clearly reveals its economic effect in residential premises with a large area, especially in multi-storey private buildings.

Pros and cons of the beam system

It is best to weigh all the pros and cons before installing a heating system and decide in advance which system will suit you best. Of course, the beam system has its own characteristics, which also need to be taken into account. Let's start with the negative points.

Disadvantages of the beam system

• This system has, perhaps, only one drawback - it is a larger number of elements in its design. In particular - pipes. It also uses more fittings;
• A large number of elements in a given system can increase repair costs. A conventional heating system has a lower estimated cost and is cheaper to repair.

A radiant heating system for a private home requires a more correct approach when connecting all heating devices, since violation of the connection rules is fraught with frequent breakdowns of the system as a whole.

Pros of the beam system

But all of the above loses its significance against the background of the general advantages of a radiant heating system. In a very short period of time, a properly designed and installed beam system:

• It will more than pay for itself. It also has a lot of useful and convenient features;
• When using a radiant heating system, you can have a differentiated approach to heating in each room. This approach allows you to more efficiently distribute heat in your home, which entails very large energy savings;
• This system is also convenient in that during its repair you can get unhindered access to pipe connections, which speeds up the identification of problems and their elimination;
• In a traditional heating system, hiding pipes is not very easy. The radial system allows pipes to be hidden from view either in the walls or under the floor. If this system is installed correctly, then no components or wiring will be noticeable;
• The correct radial distribution scheme allows you to effectively distribute heat throughout the entire area of ​​your home.

Components for the collector system

The set of elements of a radiant heating system is similar to the set. For both of these systems, the main element is the heating boiler. In order for the radiant system to be effective, you need to carefully approach the issue of selecting the power of the heating boiler. When choosing a boiler, you need to take into account the area of ​​the heated room, but it is also important to take into account heat loss.

The wiring of the radiant heating system also includes a pump that circulates the coolant. The radiant heating system does not work by gravity. Therefore, the vast majority of radiant heating systems have a circulation pump in their design. The pump must also be located in the correct location. Let's move on to the second one important element radiant heating system - to the collector.

This element is nothing more than Switchgear. With the help of a collector, coolant is supplied to all segments of the heating system. The Collector includes numerous elements of shut-off equipment that allow you to differentially regulate the temperature of the living space, right down to individual radiators in the rooms. As a rule, the collector is mounted in a separate panel or in a cabinet, which fits perfectly into the interior and is not an eyesore. Now separately about circulation.

Heating circulation methods

The heating system can have several types of coolant circulation. These include:

• Forced circulation method;

With the natural circulation type, the coolant is spontaneously distributed through convection throughout all elements of the heating system. To ensure the best circulation in a natural way, large diameter pipes are used in the heating system. The natural way coolant circulation, due to its lower efficiency, has some restrictions on the area of ​​the heated room. Usually this method used in small private houses.

The forced circulation method has long proven itself very well. Today on the market you can find great amount circulation pumps that are very compact and very efficient. These pumps have a fairly long service life. When installing a radiant system, it is important to correctly adjust the coolant circulation speed. The pump can be installed both on the supply and return side. Using a circulation pump, you can supply coolant to a fairly decent height. When selecting a pump, this parameter must also be taken into account.

Today, forced circulation, due to its undeniable advantages, is undoubtedly the most popular method of transferring coolant. The advantages also include the very affordable cost of circulation pumps.

Where to start installation?

Typically, all construction activities begin with thoughtful design. Typically, a drawing is created first. To design a radiant heating system, it is necessary to make a similar drawing with all elements and dimensions. If this drawing cannot be made by hand, then it can be ordered from a design organization.

The beginning of the design always begins with an assessment of the room in which the radiant heating system will be installed. It is advisable to do this in the early stages of construction, before the moment when the premises have not yet been carried out Finishing work. It is better to immediately hide the elements of the heating system in the walls or under the screed. The drawing must detail all elements of the heating system and where they will be located. It is also advisable to provide more detailed information about the heating devices, since the system as a whole will be designed on the basis of this data. It is advisable to indicate the exact volume of heating devices and what materials they are made of. Using this information, you can accurately calculate how much coolant will be used in the heating system.

A very important point to pay attention to is additional heat loss. In a radiant heating system, the length of the pipes is slightly higher than in a conventional two-pipe system, and this factor is also important to take into account when designing and calculating a radiant heating system.

The drawing must also include a plan for laying communications for the heating system. It must also indicate all measuring instruments, as well as adjusting and locking elements. The drawing also indicates all additional elements that can be used in the installation of the heating system. Detailed information about this additional equipment and its installation is also described step by step.

Selecting a distribution manifold

The collector is also popularly called a “comb”, because this element of the heating system looks like a hair comb. The base of the collector uses a pipe to which numerous pipes are connected. A radiant heating system uses two collectors. One manifold is installed on the supply, and the other on the return. The circulation pump is usually installed on the inlet manifold. A multi-way valve is also installed here, which is equipped with a thermometer. Depending on the set temperature, the thermometer interacts with a valve, which increases or decreases the flow of heated coolant into the general outline heating.

After the coolant has transferred heat to the heating devices, it returns through the pipeline to the outlet manifold. Accordingly, after this the coolant rushes to the heating boiler, where it is again saturated with heat. Balancing elements are also installed on the input manifold. These elements regulate the amount of coolant that can pass through the collector. In general, for proper heating premises and optimal heating balance, and these both collectors respond.

Which pipes to choose?

Choosing the right pipes is very important important point when designing and installing any heating system. But for a system that is based on the ray principle, this point is doubly important. For this system, it is better to choose pipes that do not have increased rigidity. This is because a radiant heating system uses a large number of connections. And each connection is a fitting. Accordingly, the fluid resistance in a system with many fitting connections increases significantly. To ensure that the system has fewer connections and uses more flexible pipes. Seamless polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have proven themselves very well in these systems. These pipes, like a hose, are sold in coils.

Polyethylene and metal-plastic pipes have a special layer that prevents air from entering the heating system. When installing a radiant heating system, you need Special attention devote correct size pipes in different areas.

Radiant system with heated floor

As many may have noticed, a radiant heating system is installed on the same principle as a water heated floor. In theory, you can connect a warm floor to radiators through one comb. This method will be especially in demand by those who want to install heated floors in some rooms and radiators in others.

If you make a radial system together with heated floors, it will work. But keep in mind that heated floors are a low-temperature system, and radiators are a high-temperature system.

If you don’t think about adjusting the temperature, then in one case with heated floors in the room you will be hot, in another case with radiators it will be cold. Keep this in mind.

There is one more side positive attribute collector heating system. Namely, a comfortable heated floor. The fact is that when radiant heating systems are installed, the distributor is mounted closer to the risers or the center of the room. In this case, pipelines from the distributor to the radiator in 99 percent of cases pass through corridors and enter rooms through doorways.

Yes, the pipes are insulated in this case pipe insulation in one layer. But many installers know that 6-9 mm thick insulation allows up to 30 percent of heat to pass through.

That is why, where the pipes of the radiant heating system of the house pass, the floors are not cold, but comfortably warm. With one heating system we catch two birds with one stone. We get a reliable heating system without joints in building structures and comfortable heated floors.

Important installation points

As a rule, in a private house, a corresponding room is allocated for the boiler room, in which all the main elements of the heating system are located. The first stage of system installation is the installation of a heating boiler. After the boiler is installed, the inlet and outlet manifolds are installed. These system elements must be easily accessible. It is also necessary to install a Mayevsky tap on the output manifold.

Answers to frequently asked questions about the beam system

What pipe diameter should I choose?

Most often, when installing a beam system, 16-diameter pipes are enough. In rare cases, a larger diameter is used. Now we speak naturally about the diameter of the pipes from the collector.

How to do in two-story house?

Many people wonder how to make a beam system in a two-story house. We can make a beam system even in a skyscraper. The main thing is to use your own heating collector on each floor.

Is it possible to make a radiation system in an apartment?

Yes, you can. It is unlikely that this can be done directly from the thermal power plant. But if you have your own heating system or connect to a thermal power plant through a heat exchanger, then everything will work.

Is it better to have a two-pipe system or a beam system?

Conclusion

According to many users, the radiant heating system is recognized as the best of all systems. This system allows you to save energy resources, which is important in our time. But as you know, the maximum level of savings is achieved by reducing heat loss in your home. Therefore, it is best to start saving with good thermal insulation of the building.

Being a variety of methods for laying heating pipes in two-pipe horizontal systems of modern apartment buildings and private buildings, radial wiring of a heating system has a number of undeniable advantages. Each circuit of the system with such a pipe layout is separately connected to the heating manifold, which makes it possible to set an individual operating mode for it that meets the criterion of comfort for a person to be in a specific area of ​​the room.

Heating pipes laid in the thickness concrete screed or under a wooden floor on joists, must be reliable, eliminating (or minimizing) the likelihood of leaks, deterioration of throughput and other malfunctions.

Wiring diagrams for modern horizontal heating systems

Modern multi-apartment residential buildings and private cottages of any number of floors are increasingly equipped horizontal systems heating. Necessary element there is one or more such schemes (in apartment building– in each entrance) vertical two-pipe risers, with branches/entrances to separate rooms/apartments on each floor. Further laying of pipelines is carried out in a “horizontal” way.

When installing such systems, builders invariably face the difficulty of laying heating pipes to radiators. The pipelines of the vertical systems, laid along the walls from top to bottom, did not particularly disturb the residents. Horizontal pipes laid openly along the walls become a factor that interferes with the normal operation of the premises and do not fit well into their interiors. Therefore they apply various ways their horizontal hidden laying.

Branched dead-end wiring diagram with pipes in a screed

The minimum lengths of pipes and hydraulic resistance of the circuit are leveled by mutual crossing of pipelines, leading to an increase in the thickness of the screed (each centimeter costs from 40 rubles/m2).

Perimeter wiring of the heating system

• Dead-end scheme with pipelines in the screed or under the baseboard.

The lack of crossing of pipes in the diagram is offset by the need to make holes in the walls (in the given diagram you need to drill five holes).

• Layout of pipelines according to the scheme with associated movement of water (Tichelman scheme).

Here, the first radiator of the heating circuit has the shortest “supply” length and the longest “return” length, the last radiator is the opposite. The hydraulic resistance experienced by the coolant when flowing around the devices of the circuit is constant, which makes it possible to balance any number of radiators in a branch.

Collector-beam wiring of the heating system

The prevalence of this scheme is constantly growing. The pipes here are laid in the floor screed in pairs (“supply” plus “return”), approaching each radiator from the collectors (respectively, “supply” and “return”). The advantage of the scheme is ease of installation (no crossing of pipes and wall holes). The disadvantage is increased costs due to high pipe consumption and additional costs for collectors.

An additional advantage of the beam scheme is the use of small diameter pipes. An apartment (floor of a private house) will require the use of pipes d=25 and d=32 mm for the perimeter wiring diagram. Accordingly, the thickness of the screed and the diameter of the tees that connect the radiators will increase. The cost of such an element is comparable to the price of the pipe.

The use of radial routing, which increases the length of the pipes, provides the final benefit by reducing their diameter.

General requirements for installation of beam distribution

When using collector-beam wiring, a common method is to lay pipes in the floor in a screed, the thickness of which is 50-80 mm. Plywood is laid on top, covered with finishing floor covering(parquet, linoleum). This thickness of the screed is quite sufficient for free “monolithization” of the intra-apartment (intra-house) radial wiring of the heating system. Possible outer gasket pipes along the walls under decorative skirting boards, leading to an inevitable increase in the length of the pipelines. There are known options for laying radial distribution pipes in the space of a suspended (suspended) ceiling, in grooves.

Metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene pipes (PEX pipes) are used, laid in a corrugated pipe or in thermal insulation. PEX pipes have an undoubted advantage here. According to SNiP, only unbreakable connections can be “mortared” into concrete. PEX pipes are connected using tension fittings, which are permanent connections. Metal-plastic pipes use compression fittings with union nuts. “Monoliquing” them means violating SNiP. Each plug connection pipes must be accessible for maintenance (tightening).

Even without fittings, not every metal-plastic pipe is uniquely suitable for laying in a floor screed. Manufacturers' products suffer from a serious defect: layers of aluminum and polyethylene delaminate under the influence of repeatedly changing coolant temperature. After all, metal and plastic have different coefficients of volumetric expansion. Therefore, the glue connecting them should be:

• internally strong (cohesive);
• adhesive to aluminum and polyethylene;
• flexible;
• elastic;
• heat resistant.

These requirements are not met by all adhesive compositions even from well-known European manufacturers of metal-plastic pipes, which delaminate over time, inner layer polyethylene in such a pipe “collapses”, reducing its cross-section. The normal operation of the system is disrupted, and the location of the malfunction is almost impossible to find - usually the “sin” is due to malfunctions of thermostats, pumps and other products with moving parts.

In light of the above, we recommend that readers pay attention to metal-plastic pipes from VALTEC, which uses American adhesive from the DSM concern, which ensures the strength of the metal/plastic connection, adhesion and the complete absence of delamination.

Manifold cabinets and blocks

In an apartment with horizontal radiant heating distribution (on the floors of private houses), distribution manifolds (supply and return) are installed, collecting all supply and return pipelines at their outlets. They are placed in specially designed metal cabinets, often built into the partitions of bathrooms and opening inside them. It is also possible to install distribution manifolds in specially designed wall niches. Often the collector unit is combined with a heat metering unit in one collector cabinet.

Collectors can be complete, consisting of sections of thick pipes with outlet pipes, or assembled on tees. The materials for these devices can be:

• plastic;
• nickel plated brass;
• copper;
• stainless steel.

Many famous manufacturers heating equipment(VALTEC and others) produce ready-made manifold blocks that combine supply and return manifolds, manual adjustment valves (on the supply manifold), thermostatic valves (on the return manifold), automatic air vents, drain valves and mounting brackets.

The task of individually adjusting the thermal regime of each single-radiator branch collector-beam system heating is solved by control valves with built-in flow meters. The branches are of different lengths, and the coolant tends to flow the shortest way with minimal hydraulic resistance. Short branches it flows around more intensely, warming up the radiators installed there more.

Adjustment valves on the supply manifold change the flow of water (antifreeze), narrowing their nominal passages in short circuits, and widening them in long ones. Setting up is a painstaking process, and the setting valve is not intended to quickly shut off or open the coolant flow along the circuits. This function is performed by thermostatic valves.

Thermal valves on the manifold – “return” – are valves that smoothly shut off the flow manually or automatically. The radiant heating system is easily hydraulically balanced.

Combined heating piping layout

Often there is not just one heating device installed in a room, but several. It is irrational to connect a separate two-pipe loop-branch to each radiator during collector-beam wiring. It is better to lay a separate branch to each room, which will bypass several heating devices inside the room, implementing a dead-end or parallel circuit.

Such a system is calculated as a beam system. Branches that supply several radiators with coolant are subject to a separate calculation as dead-end or passing. In modern systems, radiators are equipped with thermal valves (temperature regulators), which can be adjusted by users to different temperatures, based on the current requirements for comfort in the room. It becomes difficult to maintain temperature stability in the room.

It turns out that you can get rid of instability while simultaneously reducing the cost of connecting radiators by connecting them according to the so-called. "pass-through scheme".

The thermal valve is installed only on the first radiator in the circuit, regulating the coolant flow through all heating devices connected in series. They are perceived as one radiator. Balancing difficulties will arise with multi-section devices (10 or more sections).

Automatic collector-beam system

The supply of coolant to radiators connected via radial wiring can be made automatically adjustable. In this case, instead of the plastic manual control cover (position 4 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), a small-sized electromechanical servo drive is installed on the thermal valves of the return manifold (position 2 in the figure “Complete manifold block”), connected by a cable to an analog thermostat or controller. Radiators are connected to heating pipes without any fittings at all (ball valves can be installed).

Such a scheme has increased capital costs, while simultaneously providing an increased level of comfort. the user's desired air temperature can be set from the control panel room thermostat, the signals of which are processed by servos on the thermal valves of the return manifold. The system can be controlled by a so-called chronothermostat, which provides the user with the ability to set a temperature control program for a week, differentiated by day of the week and time of day.

Conclusion

A heating system with collector-beam piping provides the user with the possibility of hydraulic balancing and individual adjustment of operating modes of heating devices. A certain increase in the length of pipes during radial distribution is obviously compensated by a decrease in their diameter and ease of installation.