Remote thermostat for a heating boiler. Thermostat for the boiler - the automation will take care of a comfortable temperature in the home! Types of room thermostats

At any temperature regime, thermal insulation will not hurt. If done correctly, the rooms will become noticeably warmer in winter and cooler in summer. Insulation of the walls allows you to create a comfortable microclimate, as for not only residential apartments and houses, but also premises for work. By visiting the store, you can make sure that modern manufacturers offer a wide range of thermal insulation for sale. It has the form of bundles, rolls, granules, powders, and perlite sand. In addition, thermal insulation can be represented by slabs, blocks, bricks and cylinders.

If you understand the characteristics, then you can choose the option of insulation that is needed. The main property of thermal insulation is its thermal conductivity, it indicates how much heat passes through a given material. Today there are two types of thermal insulation:

reflective;
preventing.

The first type allows you to reduce heat consumption, which is ensured by a decrease in infrared radiation. Preventive insulation is used in most cases and involves the use of insulation with low thermal conductivity. The following materials can be used in this capacity:

mixed;
organic;
inorganic.

Organic Based Preventive Thermal Insulation

When considering the types of insulation, you should pay attention to those that are made on an organic basis. They are widely represented on the modern market, and natural raw materials are used for their manufacture, for example, waste from the woodworking industry and the agricultural industry. The composition of such insulation includes cement and plastic.

The material is highly resistant to fire, it does not react to biological influences and does not get wet. It is used where the surface does not heat up above 150 ° C. Organic insulation is used as an inner layer when constructing multilayer structures. This should include plastered facades or triple panels.

Characteristics of wood concrete insulation

Thermal insulation on an organic basis is just wood concrete insulation, which is a new building material made of:

shavings;
sawdust;
chopped straw;
reeds.

It is based on chemical elements and cement. The additives are:

soluble glass;
sulphate alumina;
calcium chloride.

At the final stage of the manufacture of wood concrete insulation, the material is processed with a mineralizer. This type of insulation has a density ranging from 500 to 700 kg / m 3. The compressive strength reaches 3.5 MPa. The thermal conductivity is 0.12 W / (m · K) maximum. It is also important to know the ultimate bending strength, it reaches 1 MPa.

Appointment and use of wood concrete

Considering the above-described type of insulation, you should become more familiar with its purpose. It is used for the construction of partitions and walls in private low-rise construction. Products can be presented:

floor slabs;
panels;
blocks.

The former are used for floor and roof insulation. As for the floor slabs, they are reinforced with reinforced concrete structures. For monolithic construction, wood concrete mortar is used. To date, another type of this insulation is known - fire concrete, the filler of which is a hemp fire.

Arbolite blocks for thermal insulation are laid after applying a layer of the installation mixture. Next, a block is installed, which must first be moistened with water. The product is pressed against the previous one, its position can be adjusted relative to the main masonry using a hammer with a rubber attachment. Excess mixture will need to be removed with a trowel. Work can only be carried out at an air temperature of at least +6 ° C. The solution should be quite thick, because if its consistency turns out to be liquid, then the material will shrink.

Characteristics of chipboard insulation

Considering the types of heaters, you should pay attention to chipboard thermal insulation, which is based on small shavings. It is 9/10 of the volume of the material, but the rest is an antiseptic agent, synthetic resins, a water repellant and an antiprene. The density of this material is 1000 kg / m 3 maximum. The minimum value is 500.

You may also be interested in humidity, for this thermal insulation it varies from 5 to 12%. The tensile strength reaches 0.5 MPa. The absorption of the material reaches 30% of the volume. The minimum value is 5%. You may also be interested in the tensile strength, it reaches 0.5 MPa.

Characteristics of polyurethane foam

Before choosing a particular solution, you must consider the types and characteristics of insulation. Among other options, one should highlight polyurethane foam thermal insulation, which is based on polyester. The ingredients are added:

diisocyanate;
emulsifiers;
water.

The components under the influence of the catalyst enter into a chemical reaction, and a new substance is formed. It is characterized by a high level of noise absorption, is not afraid of moisture and is chemically inert. Polyurethane foam insulation is an excellent insulation, because it is applied by spraying, so the master has the opportunity to process the ceiling and walls with a complex configuration. In this case, cold bridges are excluded.

This sprayed insulation has a density that reaches 80 kg / m 3. When this figure reaches 50 kg / m 3, polyurethane foam becomes moisture resistant. You may also be interested in the coefficient of thermal conductivity, it reaches 0.028 W / (m · K). This parameter is the best among modern thermal insulation materials.

Purpose of polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam has unique properties, thanks to which it is widely used in various fields of human activity. This insulation is used to insulate internal and external walls, window openings, etc. This material can be found on construction sites of capital residential buildings, cottages, individual houses, warehouse hangars, potato storage facilities and vegetable stores.

This sprayed insulation has quite important advantages, which are expressed in carrying and heat-insulating properties. Efficiency is enhanced when polyurethane foam forms the basis of sandwich panels used in the construction of prefabricated civil buildings. The latter can also be used for industrial purposes. The cold resistance of the material is quite high, as is the waterproofing ability.

Fiberboard characteristics

When choosing insulation for your home, you should pay attention to fiberboard, which is thin and narrow wood chips called wood wool. Cement or magnesite component is added to them, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain fibrolite. It is offered for sale in the form of slabs.

The material is not afraid of biological and chemical influences, perfectly protects against noise and can be used in humid conditions, for example in swimming pools. This insulation for the house has a density of up to 500 kg / m 3. The fire resistance of thermal insulation is quite high. The thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.1 W / (m · K).

Purpose and use of fiberboard

Fiberboard is used for thermal insulation of coatings and walls, and structural - for frame walls, partitions and ceilings, but only in dry conditions. Today, the main use of fiberboard is in the installation of permanent formwork during construction.

The slabs are not removed, according to the principle of some other types of formwork, they perform a constructive function and become a component of the wall or floor. As for the features of use, the plates are installed in parallel at a certain distance, which will determine the thickness of the wall. After fastening, the grout is poured, most often with concrete. Then the system of liquid mixture and formwork is left until it hardens.

Ecowool characteristics

Ecowool is made from waste paper and cardboard production. If you use waste paper for this, then the material will not be of so high quality. It will become polluted faster, in addition, it will be characterized by heterogeneity. Among other important characteristics, sound insulation should be highlighted, which in this case is very high. The layer, which is 1.5 cm thick, will absorb 9 dB of background noise.

The capacity for thermal insulation is also impressive, but the disadvantage is its decrease during operation. Over time, ecowool loses up to 1/5 of its volume. It absorbs moisture well, this parameter can reach 15% of the volume. When laying according to the continuous spraying method, there are no seams, which is an undoubted advantage.

Purpose and application of ecowool

The coating is widely used for sound and heat insulation of various premises, which can have industrial, residential and public purposes. And you can use the material for thermal insulation of the facade, insulation of walls, roofs and attics. Most of the work is carried out by dry blowing, but the material can be applied over the existing insulation.

This roof insulation provides a seamless covering that solves the problem of icicles. Blow-out involves the use of a special installation, in the bunker of which the cotton is loosened, and then it is fed through a hose with a nozzle. This method of application allows the material to penetrate into hard-to-reach areas, closing all crevices and gaps.

Cellulose insulation for the roof can be used in the repair of existing facilities and in the construction of new ones. Open blowing is used to isolate horizontal and inclined surfaces, among which should be highlighted:

floors;
attics;
interfloor floors;
basement floor.

Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool

Mineral wool can be stone or slag. For the production of the latter, slags formed during the casting of non-ferrous and ferrous metals are used. Stone wool is based on rocks, and a phenol or urea-based component is used to bond them. The first is the most suitable, because mineral wool in this case is less afraid of water than the one that contains urea. The flammability of this material is zero.

It is capable of resisting the spread of fire, so it can be used as a fire protection agent. Chemical passivity is high, but hygroscopicity is low. The material is characterized by excellent sound absorption, therefore, mineral wool is used very often as a sound insulator.

Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"

Choosing Rockwool insulation, you will need to understand its varieties. Among others, LITE BATTS SCANDIC should be highlighted. This material is the best product in its class. It has a new level of quality and is used for private housing construction.

The price per square meter ranges from 81.59 to 244.72 rubles. The cost varies depending on the size of the slabs. In the first case, the parameters of the product are 800 x 600 x 50 mm, while in the second they are equal to 1200 x 600 x 150 mm. Basalt insulation is a lightweight hydrophobized stone wool slabs based on basalt rocks.

The product is unique, and its compression reaches 70%. Rockwool insulation has excellent recoverability. It retains its original characteristics in all respects. Another advantage of basalt insulation is the use of a unique technology, which provides for the ability of the slabs to be compressed on one side, providing springiness. Thanks to this, the material on a metal or wooden frame is much easier to install.

Foil-coated thermal insulation: purpose and application

Foil insulation can be based on different materials. The use of this insulation depends on the properties of the place where the work will be carried out; the characteristics of the material itself are also important. When laying such a layer on the floor, it is possible to increase the heat transfer from the radiators, insulate the air ducts and pipelines. An excellent effect can be achieved by installing foil-clad insulation on entrance doors, balconies, verandas and in the canopy. Before installing such material, you should prepare small nails, a nail puller, a hammer and a construction stapler. Among other things, you will also need foil-clad construction tape. The foil should be inward. It is a reflector and will return heat radiation inward. Sometimes the insulation is laid on the other side, but this effect can no longer be achieved.

Appointment of insulation brand "Isover"

Insulation "Isover" is a material made of mineral wool. It is sold in slabs and rolls, and is also made on the basis of high quality stone fiber. Thermal insulation is made from natural materials, including:

soda;
sand;
rocks;
limestone.

With the help of insulation "Isover" it is possible to achieve excellent heat and sound insulation of buildings. This solution is used to insulate the facades of houses, roofs and walls, and also acts as an excellent thermal insulation for the floor. Insulation with roll insulation allows you to get a low coefficient of surface thermal conductivity. The material has a special fiber structure that provides excellent acoustic properties and reduces noise levels.

Thermal insulation for pipes

Many materials are used today for pipes, among which foamed polyethylene should be distinguished. This solution is distinguished by its high resistance to aggressive environments and impressive durability. Such a heater is produced for pipes in the form of tubes of different diameters. The pores have a closed structure, which ensures that no moisture is absorbed from the external environment.

Some brands of such heaters are foil-clad and used to minimize heat loss. Insulation for pipes can also be represented by foamed polyurethane foam. This insulation is one of the most common today and is installed by spraying onto the surface, which ensures a snug fit to the surface. Polyurethane foam withstands extremely high and low temperatures, while the properties are not reduced, and each cell remains sealed.

Thermal insulation from the manufacturer "Technonikol"

Insulation "Technonikol" is represented by a material based on rocks of the gabbro-basalt group. By purchasing this thermal insulation, you are buying stone wool, which is a non-combustible material, and the fibers melt only at a temperature of 1000 ° C and above. This thermal insulation ensures the sound-absorbing and acoustic properties of the surfaces. Mineral insulation includes:

glass wool;
stone wool;
slag wool.

This insulation "Technonikol" in different types differs in raw materials that are used in the production process.

Application of siding with thermal insulation

Siding with a layer of thermal insulation is installed in several stages. On the first, it is necessary to strengthen the angular and side-type strips to the surface. Before starting these works, it is necessary to carry out the markup, draw lines that you will be guided by during the work process. After that, you can start installing siding with insulation.

It is necessary to use self-tapping screws for this, which will be located around the entire perimeter of window and door openings. As for the latter, they are framed with strips so that the installation of the cladding is not accompanied by difficulties. Then you can start attaching the panels. You need to start from the bottom corner of the load-bearing wall.

Heat insulation under plaster

Many different materials can be used under plaster to insulate walls. For this, mineral wool is suitable, which has been popular for many years. Foam plastic also acts as a heater for walls under the plaster. However, it has a number of restrictions on its use. This is expressed in low resistance to high temperatures. This applies even to the most modern types of foam, which have special flame retardants in their composition.

Conclusion

On the modern market of building materials for thermal insulation of various surfaces, a huge variety of solutions are presented. Before making a choice, you must evaluate several factors, among others, the most important, it is necessary to highlight the technical characteristics. The purpose and features of the operation of thermal insulation depend on them. If you do not comply with the requirements that apply to the external environment when installing a heater, then you may encounter its low efficiency and the need to replace the heat-insulating layer.

There is a wide selection of heaters for wooden houses, they can be used to insulate the house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for a frame house? Which is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly carried out will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

When it is done correctly, under its “protection” it will not only be warmer in the house in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.

Installation of insulation will create a comfortable microclimate in a room for any purpose - in a residential building, office or in a production workshop.

Besides, saving heat is an obvious financial saving. It is completely unreasonable to heat the street, given that the technologies used today provide an opportunity to start saving energy resources already at the initial stage of construction work. Most of all, those parts of the building that are more adjacent to the external environment -, and - need the use of insulation.

The material produced in this way has excellent, moreover, it is not flammable, and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the remarkable qualities of the insulation can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.

Stone wool

Stone wool

It is a fibrous material that is sold in the form of rolls and slabs, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The highest quality product is made from rocks called gabbro-basalt. This non-combustible material is used with equal success in the construction of private facilities and the construction of various production facilities. The wide range of uses is also explained by the possibility of its use at extremely high t, reaching an indicator of one thousand degrees.

The complete fire resistance of the insulation is complemented by its excellent resistance to moisture. It is a hydrophobic material, the peculiarity of which is that it does not absorb water, but repels it.

This ensures that the insulation remains dry even after a long period of time. This, in turn, will allow her to maintain her high working qualities. The unique properties of basalt wool make it possible to use it even in boiler rooms, baths and saunas, where both high humidity and high temperature are combined. Strength in this case is not directly related to the density of the material.

This is a rather soft material, while having a sufficient margin of safety. Its structural stability is due to the special arrangement of the individual constituent fibers - chaotic and vertical. The material has high anti-corrosion properties.

It can quite peacefully coexist with concrete and metal, without the occurrence of all sorts of chemical reactions. High biological resistance makes it immune to various biological pests: damage by insects and rodents, the occurrence of fungal diseases,

The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, and the organic insulation burned out

Basalt rock is the main raw material for the production of this type of wool... Processing with formaldehyde resins gives the material a sufficient level of strength, and the modern technologies used in this process guarantee the complete elimination of harmful phenols even at the stage of material production.

The final product that reaches the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for insulation of floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as an external insulation.

He found wide application in rooms with extreme humidity and temperature. The best basalt insulation, stone wool made from rocks is a guarantee of high quality for a long time.

Glass wool

The missing 7% comes from specially added flame retardants. Insulation fibers contain lignin, which becomes sticky when the humidity rises. All elements of the insulation are non-toxic, absolutely non-volatile and harmless to health. Cellulose insulation does not lend itself to combustion, decay processes, has excellent sound insulation and heat insulation performance.

It can hold about 20% moisture, while maintaining its working qualities. The material gives off moisture to the outside and dries quickly, retaining all its performance characteristics. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a "floating floor" due to its inherent softness.

Penoizol

Another name for the material is urea foam. This is a modern material with high sound and heat insulating characteristics, which is a cheap insulation. It is a honeycomb organic foam with a particularly low density and low thermal conductivity. The material has a high resistance to fire, resistance to the effects of microorganisms, and a low price. It is easy to handle and has an air content of 90%.

Insulation of the attic with penoizol

The tests carried out have demonstrated the capabilities of the material. It turned out that the time of its operation, as the middle layer of the frame structure, is actually not limited by anything. Tests of its fire resistance have shown that the material can be safely attributed to hardly combustible.

It is the only one of the used polymeric heat-insulating materials that is not at all adapted to self-combustion. Its fire resistance index assigns it to the G2 flammability subgroup.

Even if the highest temperature occurs during a fire, when the metal begins to melt, the carbide foam will just evaporate, and without the release of toxic or harmful substances.

Izokom

This is a special foil material (on both sides or only one). It is a polyethylene foam fabric covered on the outside with highly polished aluminum foil. It is a multilayer steam, sound and heat insulating material that combines completely different qualities.

With a minimum thickness of the insulating layer, it provides excellent reflection properties of the heat flux, which is successfully combined with the highest (almost maximum) thermal resistance. Properly installed material is characterized by extremely effective thermal insulation of the building along its entire contour.

It is a harmless, environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for human and animal health.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming and not being damaged during all this time.

The installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not need special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. It is used almost everywhere.

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What are the types of insulation - 4 groups of thermal insulation materials for housing construction

The solution to the problem of energy saving and the most efficient use of thermal energy, today is one of the most priority tasks in individual housing construction. For this reason, it is very important for the future owner of a private home to know which modern types of insulation are best used in this or that case, in the process of building or renovating their own house.

Selection criteria for thermal insulation materials

Currently, in construction hypermarkets, you can find a huge number of different thermal insulation materials, which differ significantly from each other not only in price, but also in their technical properties and operational characteristics.

In order to make it easier for the reader to understand the whole variety of such products, I have compiled an overview instruction in which I will talk about the main distinctive properties and main technical characteristics of the most popular types of insulation.

First of all, I would like to dwell in detail on the description of the main consumer and operational qualities, which ideally should correspond to materials for external and internal insulation of housing:

It’s probably not hard to guess that the most important quality of any heat-insulating material is its low thermal conductivity... In most cases, this is achieved due to a low specific gravity and a large number of small pores capable of retaining atmospheric air, which itself has a very low heat transfer coefficient;

Since the thermal insulation material is installed from the street side, it should not absorb moisture from the surrounding air, and should not deteriorate or change its properties when directly exposed to water. Despite the fact that almost all types of insulation are considered moisture resistant, some materials with a fibrous structure or with open pores, when wet, partially lose their heat-insulating qualities;
An important condition for ensuring a normal microclimate in a closed room is the ability of insulated walls to pass air and water vapor through themselves, therefore, the outer insulation must be vapor-permeable. Materials with open pores and fibrous structure have the best vapor permeability;

The insulation is located in close proximity to building structures, and in some cases it is installed inside the premises, therefore, for fire safety purposes, it must be made of non-combustible or self-extinguishing material, which itself does not support combustion.
In conditions of low temperature, poor ventilation and high air humidity, favorable conditions are created for the development of mold and putrefactive bacteria. For this reason, I do not recommend using materials based on plant fibers or with the addition of organic components for outdoor work, as they can become a hotbed for mold formation, as well as food for mice, rats and other rodents or insect pests;

Summary table comparing the technical characteristics of thermal insulation materials.

In addition to all of the above, when choosing materials for thermal insulation, I advise you to pay attention to their cost, manufacturer's guarantees, as well as the complexity and convenience of doing work on their installation and installation with your own hands, since their durability and the quality of the final result of work will depend on this.

Group 1. Rigid porous mineral insulation

Modern projects of low-rise buildings for individual housing construction are initially developed taking into account the use of energy-saving technologies. For this reason, external load-bearing walls and internal interior partitions in such houses are erected from ready-made building blocks made of lightweight porous foam and aerated concrete.

These materials have sufficient bearing capacity, they are good for air and water vapor permeability, and at the same time, they themselves have good heat and sound insulation properties:

Foam concrete is a hardened foamed cement-sand mixture, from which, in the process of hardening, ready-made blocks or slabs of the required size are formed. Due to the large number of small air bubbles, which are evenly distributed over the entire thickness of the material, it has a fine-mesh structure with open pores, therefore it is good for air permeability and has a low thermal conductivity.

In order to correctly determine which foam concrete to choose, it should be borne in mind that all products from it are divided into two groups:

Heat-insulating brands of foam concrete can have a density of 200 to 500 kg / m³, depending on the number and volume of gas bubbles in the thickness of the material. Products of this group are not distinguished by high strength, however, they have good thermal insulation properties, therefore they are used exclusively as insulation for floors, flat roofs or external walls of a building;
Structural and heat-insulating concrete grades have a density of 500 to 900 kg / m³, therefore, they have a higher bearing capacity, and in addition to insulation, they can be used for the construction of walls or other structural elements of a building;

Aerated concrete outwardly does not differ from foam concrete, and the main difference between these materials lies only in the manufacturing technology, therefore, their operational properties can be conditionally considered similar to each other. Before choosing aerated concrete, you should study the main features of the application:

Blocks and slabs made of foam and aerated concrete can be installed on the foundation as a separate self-supporting structure, therefore, they do not require the installation of an additional supporting frame, and do not exert a weight load on the main facade of the building;
With an increase in the density of aerated concrete, its thermal insulation properties deteriorate, and with a decrease in density, on the contrary, they improve;
Due to open pores on the surface of the material, aerated concrete actively absorbs moisture therefore it cannot be used outdoors without an external waterproofing coating;
Foam concrete does not burn and does not support combustion, is unsuitable for food for rodents and insect pests, but over time it can crack and collapse as a result of direct contact with water and subsequent freezing.

Expanded clay is a moisture-resistant bulk heat-insulating material, which is produced in the form of round pellets of reddish-brown color, with a diameter of individual particles from 5 to 40 mm. The expanded clay production technology involves the use of special types of clay, which are rolled into balls, and then dried and fired in an oven at a temperature of 1200 ° C.

After such processing, each pellet acquires a closed, fine-pored inner structure with a strong and hard outer shell.

Most often, expanded clay is used for insulating flat roofs, interfloor and attic floors and wooden floors on the ground.
The main advantages of this material include low weight, low degree of water absorption, absolute incombustibility and fire safety, high resistance to moisture, as well as high and low temperatures;

Choosing the cheapest insulation for the floor on the ground, I advise you to pay attention to coal slag, which can be purchased inexpensively, or even collected for free in any coal boiler house. Slag can be used as an analogue of the more expensive expanded clay, since its particles have a similar porous internal structure.

Group 2. Fibrous mineral wool insulation

Unlike previous types of insulation, these materials have a flexible fibrous structure, therefore they do not have sufficient rigidity, but they differ in a significantly lower specific gravity and much better thermal insulation properties. Such insulation is non-combustible, and can withstand exposure to very high temperatures for a long time, therefore it is often used for thermal insulation of furnaces, heating boilers and stove chimneys.

Basalt wool is made from thin, chaotically intertwined fibers of molten gabbro-basalt rocks, and is produced in the form of sheet or roll material of various thicknesses. Rigid mats or flexible rolls of basalt wool are considered a universal heat-insulating material, therefore they are widely used for insulating roofs, attics, ceilings and floors, ventilated facades, utilities, as well as boiler and furnace equipment.

Basalt wool is absolutely non-combustible and can withstand temperatures up to 1000 ° C, therefore, it is used for insulating chimneys and arranging a fireproof seal when chimneys pass through walls, roofs and ceilings;

Mineral wool fibers practically do not absorb moisture, do not break or crumple under the influence of external load, and after getting wet do not lose their thermal insulation properties, therefore such a moisture-resistant and non-combustible material is best suited for outdoor use;
Sheets and slabs of mineral wool pass air and water vapor well through themselves, do not rot, mold and deteriorate over time. Due to the unpleasant, piercing structure, they do not dig holes in them, and do not build their own nests for mice, therefore, in my opinion, this is the best insulation for a system of ventilated facades;
Among other things, mineral wool is an environmentally friendly and non-corrosive material, therefore, it does not have a negative effect on other building structures, and can be used for external and internal insulation of residential buildings.

Glass wool, popularly known as glass wool, is made from glass waste in the form of coarser and thicker fibers of ordinary silicate glass, therefore it is considered the cheapest option. In fact, I can say that glass wool has almost the same properties as basalt wool, however, there are some limitations for its use in construction:

Glass fibers are quite hygroscopic, therefore, on the street or in damp rooms, they quickly absorb moisture, and after getting wet, they lose their thermal insulation properties by 30-50%;
Sheets of ordinary glass wool are easily crumpled under the influence of external load, and in the process of operation, over time they shrink and decrease in size, as a result of which their heat-insulating properties also deteriorate;
The maximum operating temperature of glass wool is no more than 450 ° C, therefore, it cannot be used as a winding of a flame tube, in the immediate vicinity of a stove or heating boiler;
Glass wool fibers are more fragile than basalt wool, therefore, as a result of deformation, they can break into small pieces, and penetrate under the human skin, causing severe itching and irritation on the body.
If you need an insulation that rodents do not eat, and in which mice do not settle, then glass wool in this case will be the most suitable option.

Ceramic wool has similar characteristics, however, it is considered a rather specific insulation, so it is rarely found on sale and costs much more than other materials. Ceramic wool fibers have all the positive properties of basalt wool, however, they are able to withstand higher temperatures (up to 1200 ° C), therefore it is used exclusively for thermal insulation of heating boilers, chimneys and fire pipes.

In the manufacture of rigid mineral wool slabs, toxic phenol-formaldehyde resins are used as a binder. I do not recommend using such materials for thermal insulation of floors, walls and interior partitions inside residential and sleeping quarters, since they are not very safe for human health.

Group 3. Foamed polymer insulation

Polymeric thermal insulation materials have a number of fundamental differences from mineral insulation. They have a lower specific gravity, do not soak in water and have a very low degree of water absorption, therefore they do not require additional waterproofing. Most often, they are produced in the form of rigid panels of various thicknesses, therefore, in some cases, they are more convenient to install and assemble.

When choosing which insulation is best used for a particular case, it should be borne in mind that all polymeric materials have one significant drawback.

The fact is that, under the influence of high temperatures, they do not ignite by themselves, but at the same time they can melt with the release of caustic toxic smoke, so they cannot be used as insulation for heating boilers and stoves, chimneys, fire doors and external partitions.

Polyfoam is produced in the form of rigid sheets of various sizes, with a thickness of 20 to 500 mm, which consist of a set of pressed and welded together, small granules of expanded polystyrene. If you choose which one is cheaper from polymer insulation, then I recommend opting for foam.

Despite its low cost, it meets almost all the criteria discussed in the first section of this article.

Foam panels have low specific gravity, but have sufficient rigidity, therefore, they can be used not only for cladding walls and roofs, but also for warming a concrete screed on the ground;
Rough foam surface has good adhesion, therefore, after installation, you can apply decorative plaster with a reinforcing mesh on it, lay facade tiles, or perform other types of decorative facade finishing;

Chemically neutral foam does not emit harmful substances during operation, not suitable for food for small rodents and insects, does not rot over time and does not contribute to the development of mold.
The foam pores have a closed structure, therefore, it is the warmest, absolutely not afraid of water and practically does not absorb moisture, does not freeze and does not change its properties in conditions of direct rain and snow, or prolonged exposure to damp soil;
The disadvantage of all closed cell materials is that they are impermeable to water vapor and air., therefore, I do not recommend using them for insulating frame-panel and wooden houses from logs or timber;

Extruded polystyrene foam, or in other words EPS, is a more progressive and high-quality type of foam. It is also produced in the form of rigid panels made of expanded polystyrene, however, it does not have individual granules, and is distinguished by a homogeneous porous structure throughout the entire thickness of the material:

Due to this manufacturing technology, it has all of the listed properties of foam, but it is significantly more durable, stiff and resistant to external loads.
Due to this, it can be used for the manufacture of permanent formwork for pouring load-bearing monolithic structures, as well as used to insulate the walls of a pool, a buried foundation or other loaded building structures;
In my opinion, this is the most effective and versatile heat-insulating material, but its main drawback is its rather high price, which significantly exceeds the cost of conventional foam.

Sprayed polyurethane insulation is fundamentally different from the materials presented above, since produced in the form of a liquid plastic polymer composition... It is sprayed onto the surface to be insulated using an injection pump, and foams under the influence of ambient humidity, directly at the installation site.

At first glance, polyurethane insulation may seem more complicated, but this technology has its advantages and disadvantages, compared to panel types of insulation:

Liquid polyurethane mass has very good adhesion to almost any building material, therefore quickly and firmly adheres to any surface, even without pretreatment;
Spraying technology allows you to insulate vertical and horizontal walls, roofs, attic, closed underground space, interpanel joints and other hidden cavities, without dismantling the outer finishing cladding;

Do-it-yourself polyurethane spraying is good to use on complex areas of the facade or roof, with a large number of internal corners or projections, as well as in areas with a curved radius surface;
After curing, a layer of polyurethane foam does not allow air to pass through so I do not recommend using it for wood and fibreboard surfaces. Otherwise, the polymer film will block the access of air for ventilation and evaporation of moisture, as a result of which the wood will rot and gradually collapse;
The disadvantages of this method of application include the high cost of consumables, as well as the need to use special injection equipment, which is also quite expensive.

Foamed polyethylene is produced in the form of a roll of thermal insulation material with a thickness of 3 to 10 mm. It is a flexible extruded polyethylene base with a large number of large closed pores containing air bubbles. To improve the heat reflectance, one or both sides of the polyethylene are covered with a very thin aluminum foil. So that the reader can understand what types of these products are, I can name the most common trade marks, for example, "Izokom", Isofol "," Penofol ", etc.

Polyethylene does not contain toxic additives and volatile substances, therefore, it is an environmentally friendly and hypoallergenic material, and, accordingly, can be used without restriction in residential and sleeping quarters;

Aluminum foil reflects infrared heat radiation, therefore, in combination with a foam base, it is a heat shield that effectively reflects heat from household radiators or other heating devices.
In addition to retaining heat, polyethylene film can be used as waterproofing and wind protection, therefore Penofol is well suited for external protection of building structures and insulation of residential buildings;
When installing a floor heating system, such a film is laid on a concrete screed., foil up. Firstly, it does not allow moisture from concrete to penetrate into the floor covering, and secondly, it reflects heat rays and directs them inside the room.

For internal insulation of housing, it is better to use one-sided foamed foamed polyethylene film. It must be fixed to the wall, with foil inside the room, and then at a distance of 20-30 mm from it, install the sheets on the guide profiles.
Caution should be exercised when using plastic wrap inside the living area. because it absolutely does not breathe and does not allow water vapor to pass through. This can lead to condensation and dampness on the outside cold walls, which in turn can cause mold.

All polymeric thermal insulation materials described in this section can deteriorate over time and lose their properties under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. If they are used for outdoor work, then after installation, I recommend not leaving them for a long time in direct sunlight, and immediately proceed with the installation of outdoor finishing.

Group 4. Thermal insulation from organic materials

Currently, many adherents of environmentally friendly housing are trying to use all kinds of building, finishing and thermal insulation materials made exclusively on an organic basis. On the one hand, there is nothing wrong with that, but I must warn you that raw materials for the production of organic materials are made using natural cellulose and plant fibers.

I want to say right away that these materials are very capricious: when wet, they can swell and increase in size, and when they dry, on the contrary, they can give significant shrinkage. Moreover, in both cases, their thermal insulation properties will deteriorate;
Even with minor changes in temperature and humidity conditions, foci of mold development can appear on the surface of organic materials. After drying, at first glance it may seem that it has disappeared, but in fact, its roots are deep, therefore, after moistening and lowering the temperature, it will appear again;

Natural cellulose fibers, wood shavings and sawdust, chopped stalks of straw, reeds and corn tops are considered a favorite food for rodents, mice, rats and various insects, so getting rid of their presence in such a house will be very difficult;
It's no secret that all these materials burn very well., therefore, there can be no question of any observance of fire safety rules in this case.
If you nevertheless decided to insulate your home using organic materials, then I recommend thorough antiseptic treatment and fire retardant impregnation and think about how best to prevent rodents.

From personal experience, I categorically do not recommend using sunflower husks or straw and cake of cereal plants as insulation for the attic, because in this case, the mice are guaranteed to settle there with whole families, and constantly dig their holes.

Conclusion

Taking into account the numerous types of insulation that I wrote about above, several important factors should be taken into account when choosing the final option. First, you need to understand the climatic features of the region, and know the minimum and maximum average annual air temperatures. Secondly, the choice of insulation depends on the building materials from which the walls, floor and roof of a residential building are made.

And thirdly, you need to focus on the fact that this heat-insulating material is acceptable in cost, and that it is convenient for you to work with it. You can learn about the technological features of using the described heaters from the video presented in this article, and if you have any questions, ask them in the comment form.

Organic Based Preventive Thermal Insulation

Characteristics of wood concrete insulation

Thermal insulation on an organic basis is just wood concrete insulation, which is a new building material made of:

It is based on chemical elements and cement. The additives are:

soluble glass;
sulphate alumina;
calcium chloride.

Appointment and use of wood concrete

floor slabs;
panels;
blocks.

The former are used for floor and roof insulation. As for the floor slabs, they are reinforced with reinforced concrete structures. For monolithic construction, wood concrete mortar is used. Today, another type of this insulation is known - kostrobeton, the filler of which is a hemp campfire.

Characteristics of chipboard insulation

Characteristics of polyurethane foam

Purpose of polyurethane foam

Fiberboard characteristics

Purpose and use of fiberboard

Ecowool characteristics

Purpose and application of ecowool

Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool

Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"

Foil-coated thermal insulation: purpose and application

Appointment of insulation brand "Isover"

Thermal insulation for pipes

Thermal insulation from the manufacturer "Technonikol"

This insulation "Technonikol" in different types differs in raw materials that are used in the production process.

Application of siding with thermal insulation

Heat insulation under plaster

Conclusion

Insulation: types, characteristics, purpose and application

Overview of types and characteristics of heaters, their areas of application

Today the market offers the consumer various types of heaters, differing in cost, installation and thermal conductivity coefficient. In addition to these indicators, it is necessary to pay attention to other characteristics in order to have an idea of the correct use of thermal insulation in the construction of a house.

A comprehensive assessment of the material will help you to choose the insulation for your home correctly. The use of different types of thermal insulation depends not only on their properties, but also on the architectural features of the building, the thermal conductivity of individual structural elements, as well as the expected cold bridges. Each unit of the house is insulated with different materials.

External insulation of the loggia, balcony, basement is made with penoplex. Due to the fact that it can withstand loads of up to 0.5 MPa and is resistant to moisture, the insulation is optimally suited for exterior decoration of basements. Penoplex, being under the ground, is protected from fire and retains all its properties.

Heat insulators for exterior wall decoration of the house are chosen depending on the material from which the structural element is built. It is best to blow out wooden houses with penoizol. The foam applied under high pressure fills all cracks and its structure allows the wood to breathe. The high price does not always allow the use of penoizol. As a replacement option, you can lay mineral wool. Walls made of concrete, gas blocks and other similar materials are insulated with foam or glass wool. Although, in government building, they tend to use glass wool more because of its resistance to fire.

Inside the house, the walls and ceiling are insulated with non-combustible materials. Usually these are mineral wool mats laid in a frame. From above, they are closed with a vapor barrier, which prevents moisture from penetrating to the mats and fluffy fibers inside the room. If there is a lag, the overlap is blown out with ecowool. For floor insulation, 100 mm backfill is made with expanded clay, plus foam plates are laid. The concrete screed poured from above prevents the insulation from burning, and the reinforcing mesh gives strength to the floors.

A modern and very practical insulation for the roof is polyurethane foam. It is applied by spraying. But its high price is not affordable for everyone. Most often, a traditional insulation is used for the roof - mineral wool. It is produced in various sizes in the form of mats and rolls.

Insulation correctly selected according to its characteristics will create comfortable living conditions inside the premises.

Insulation materials overview

Preventative types of insulation are most often used to decorate various elements of the structure of a house. They have a low thermal conductivity.

Heaters on an organic basis are made from wood and agricultural waste. To improve the properties, cement and plastic are added to natural raw materials. The result is an insulation that is resistant to fire and moisture. It can withstand heating up to 150 degrees. The area of application is extensive, but it is mainly used as an internal insulation for a multi-layer roof or facade structure.

Another name for the material is wood concrete. It is made from sawdust, chopped straw or reeds with the addition of cement, as well as chemical hardeners. It has a density of up to 800 kg / m3 and a thermal conductivity coefficient of up to 0.12 W / m / K. Arbolite is divided into two types:

Structural - contains most of the cement, which is reflected by a high density - 800 kg / m3. Designed for wall construction.
Thermal insulation - it has a lower density of 500 kg / m3 and a higher proportion of wood filler. It is used as a heat insulator for load-bearing walls, as well as for the construction of partitions.

According to the release form, it happens:

Ready-made blocks of different sizes.
Monolithic production takes place directly at the construction site. The material is immediately used to insulate walls or floors.

If we talk about the shape of the finished product, then it is represented by even blocks of different sizes, blocks with a depression and slabs combined with concrete. The average cost of wood concrete from different manufacturers ranges from 4 to 6 thousand rubles / m3.

Another name for the material is cellulose insulation. Made from recycled paper or wood waste. The addition of antiseptics protects the ecowool from being eaten by rodents and insects. Antipyrins create a self-extinguishing effect, which increases resistance to heating up to +232 ° C. Ecowool has a high moisture absorption rate of up to 15%, and a 1.5 cm layer absorbs up to 9 dB of extraneous noise.

The approximate cost is about 30 rubles / kg.

This material is considered the best floor insulation, as well as the inner surface of the walls of the house. It is made only from natural raw materials without chemical additives in the form of rolls or plates. The basis of the insulation is cork oak bark. The natural suberin glue contained in it allows you to abandon artificial adhesives. The cork is insect-resistant and rot-resistant. The material is divided into two types:

white agglomerate is made from the bark of oak branches;
black agglomerate is made from bark removed from a tree trunk.

Cork can be used as a base for wallpaper or as a finish. Thin roll material has found its use as a substrate for laminate flooring. The price of such a natural material is quite high. Depending on the modifications, the cost ranges from 800 to 4 thousand. RUB / m2.

Sotoplast heat insulator

The structure of the material consists of hexagonal cells like a honeycomb. Inside, they are filled with epoxy resin-bonded fabric or paper filler. Phenolic resins can be used as a fixer. In appearance, honeycomb panels resemble plastic. The characteristics of the material depend on the raw materials used in the production of the base. For example, the density of the sheet can be from 230 to 500 kg / m2.

Polyvinyl chloride foam

Heat insulator PPVH is made of foamed resins. This structure is given to them by the porization method. The material is produced soft and hard, which gives it versatility. PPVC is suitable for roof, floor and wall insulation. Its density is 0.1 kg / m3.

Many people think that chipboard is just a building material. But as a heater, the plates have proven themselves on the good side. They are based on small sawdust bonded with synthetic resin. The density of the slabs ranges from 500 to 1 thousand kg / m3, and the water absorption is 5–30%.

The use of chipboard as insulation is justified for floors, walls and ceilings. The cost of sheets is quite low, suitable for every developer's pocket. Depending on the size, the sheet can be bought for 400-900 rubles. Plates are used as a base for installing a soft roof.

Fiberboard

The fiberboard board resembles chipboard in appearance. Its base consists of straw, corn or any wood fibers. It is even possible to use waste paper. Synthetic resins are added as an adhesive. The density of fiberboard in comparison with particleboard is small, only up to 250 kg / m3, and the thermal conductivity is 0.07 W / m / K, plus low strength.

The area of application is the same as for chipboard. Low cost ranges up to 800 rubles. per sheet.

Polyurethane foam

Lightweight insulation has a unique closed pore structure, which creates the lowest thermal conductivity compared to other insulation materials. PUF is formed from the interaction of liquid components, polyester and MDI. Exposure to catalysts creates a chemical reaction that results in the formation of a new substance. The density of the insulation is 40–80 kg / m3, and the thermal conductivity of the polyurethane foam is about 0.028 W / m / K.

PPU is applied to the surface to be insulated by spraying, which allows you to process any complex areas. The optimal use of polyurethane foam is insulation of the roof and wooden walls of the house. The cost of the material, together with the spraying work, is quite high and can reach $ 200 / m3.

Another name for insulation is mipora. It is obtained on the basis of a whipped aqueous emulsion of urea-formaldehyde resin. Glycerin and sulfonic acid are used as additives. The mipora is delivered to the consumer in blocks or crumbs. It is used in liquid form at a construction site. Mipore, poured into prepared cavities, hardens at a positive temperature.

Low density up to 20 kg / m3 promotes strong water absorption. The thermal conductivity is 0.03 W / m / K. Not afraid of exposure to fire.

Styrofoam and extruded polystyrene foam

These two insulation materials are composed of 2% polystyrene and 98% air. The thermal conductivity index is 0.037–0.042 W / m / K. They differ from each other in structure. Styrofoam consists of small balls, and when broken, expanded polystyrene resembles foam rubber.

Polystyrene is flammable and emits toxic fumes. Polyfoam is afraid of moisture, so it is more used for insulating facades. Extruded polystyrene foam can be in wet ground for a long time, therefore it is more suitable for external insulation of basements. The cost of the material is low.

Mineral wool is a common insulation for walls and roofs. It is of two types:

slag wool is made of dissimilar metal casting waste;
stone wool is made from rocks such as basalt, limestone, etc.

The material is non-flammable, resistant to chemical attack, and has a low cost. Produced in slabs and rolls.

Glass wool

The material differs from mineral wool in larger fibers. The production is based on the raw materials used to make glass. The thermal conductivity index is from 0.03 to 0.052 W / m / K, and the density is not more than 130 kg / m3. Glass wool is also popular for roof and wall insulation.

Ceramic wool

Produced by blowing zirconium, silicon or alumina. Cotton wool is resistant to high temperatures and does not deform. The thermal conductivity index at + 600 ° C is from 0.13 to 0.16 W / m / K, and the density is not more than 350 kg / m3. It is used for insulating facades and roofs of buildings.

Mixed type insulation

They produce materials from asbestos mixtures with the addition of perlite, dolomite and other components. The initial state of the material resembles dough. They cover the surface prepared for insulation and leave it to dry completely.

An example of a mixed-type material is volcanite and sovelite. Their thermal conductivity is 0.2 W / m / K. The cost of the insulation is low, but it is dangerous to human health.

Reflective materials

Foil is used as a reflector, and polyethylene foam creates a thermal barrier. The material has a fine structure up to 25 mm thick, but its effectiveness is equal to 100 mm thick fiber insulation. One of the popular examples is penofol.

Reflective insulation also acts as a vapor barrier, so it is convenient to use it in baths and saunas. The cost of the material is low and affordable for everyone.

The main types of heaters considered today and their characteristics will help to make the right choice of material for certain construction needs.

Heaters - types and characteristics, application, price of materials

Review of heaters used for thermal insulation of buildings. Their characteristics, types, application features and prices.

Types of insulation for houses and walls of wooden and frame houses

There is a wide selection of heaters for wooden houses, they can be used to insulate the house outside, and some even inside the house. What types are suitable for a frame house? Which is the best, consider their characteristics in this article! Correctly carried out thermal insulation will not be superfluous in any climatic conditions.

What types of insulation and what to use?

When it is done correctly, under its “protection” it will not only be warmer in the house in winter, but also noticeably cooler in summer.

What types of insulation and what to use?

The main types of insulation

Today, there is a division of the materials of this group directly according to their destination. They also differ in appearance and shape.

On sale there are quite rigid piece insulation (plates, segments, cylinders, etc.), flexible products (cords, wide and narrow mats, bundles), as well as loose (perlite sand, vermiculite and cotton wool).

By their structure, they can be divided into fibrous, granular and cellular.

By the nature of the main raw materials, materials for thermal insulation are traditionally divided into organic and inorganic.

How to choose a heater?

Floor insulation

The decision to insulate the floor is sometimes due to the desire to have a more constant temperature at home. When choosing a heater for the floor, comparing the characteristics of various materials, preference is given to one that can withstand the considerable pressure exerted on it. In this case, its performance during compression will be important.

Well, and an indispensable requirement is the ability to maintain insulating qualities, even when exposed to heavy loads and exposure to moisture.

Types of wall insulation

Insulation for the walls of the house

Thermal insulation for this category is completely different, moreover, its type depends on the specific place of application - outside or inside the house.

For outdoor use, the use of basalt mineral wool is considered ideal, which is distinguished by its ability to keep its shape and durability. In the process of even long-term operation, it does not become thinner, does not cake and does not thicken.

From the inside of the building, insulation is carried out based on the possible permissible insulating layer: the planning features do not always allow it to be sufficiently voluminous.

More modern way- use of paint with a ceramic base. Its layer can be small, and it is much easier to comply with the tightness conditions.

Ceiling and its insulation

Mineral wool for ceiling insulation

For insulation of the ceiling, mineral wool is constantly in high demand..

This is not at all surprising: it can be simply laid out in the interfloor floors or in the rafter frame, in the amount required for this. During operation there, nothing threatens it, thereby ensuring an initially high quality of insulation.

If we neglect the unique qualities of cotton wool and the ease of its installation, then sawdust with clay or ordinary slag could be other suitable means for thermal insulation. However, these substances have not found widespread use due to their considerable cost and rather complicated installation process.

Mineral wool

This name brings together several different subspecies of this type of thermal insulation material. These are slag, stone and glass wool. This insulator is made by processing metallurgical alloys or melts of various rocks: a special synthetic binder is introduced into the resulting glassy fiber.

The material produced in this way has excellent sound and heat insulation qualities, moreover, it is not flammable, and therefore does not pose a fire hazard. But a huge part of the remarkable qualities of the insulation can be irretrievably lost when it gets wet. This should be taken into account.

Stone wool

It is a fibrous material that is sold in the form of rolls and slabs, and has an extremely low thermal conductivity.

The basalt insulation passed the combustion test, and the organic insulation burned out

The final product that reaches the consumer is a harmless and environmentally friendly material with high insulating qualities.

It is actively used for insulation of floors of residential and industrial premises, for thermal insulation of roofs and facades, including as an external insulation.

Glass wool

This fibrous material is made from a mass of molten glass. On its basis, two types of insulation can be found on sale - soft mats, rolled into rolls, and hard slabs.

The product is characterized by high strength and excellent elasticity. Recycled formaldehyde resins are used as the adhesion, or binder, as in the previous case.

Although not all the wonderful properties of basalt wool are inherent in glass counterparts, it has its own special qualities. She has high plasticity, which greatly facilitates the stages of working with it, and allows you to significantly compress the material when laying it. But during operation, glass wool can cake and lose its initial shape. Glass fiber is highly hygroscopic and can accumulate moisture from the external environment, accumulating it in its thickness.

We insulate the frame house with polystyrene foam

Polyfoam is quite solid, holding its shape, plate material, widely used for thermal insulation of roofs, walls, floors and ceilings: both outside and inside. It is based on expanded polystyrene foam granules.

It goes on sale in slabs 1 by 2 meters, with various thicknesses: from two centimeters to half a meter. Its characteristics can vary significantly, which is why the material is selected in each specific case strictly individually.

Depending on the manufacturing process, two different types of foam can be produced using virtually the same raw material:

porous plastic is a porous substance, the individual cavities of which communicate with each other. Further, they are also subdivided into mipora, polyvinyl chloride foam, polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam;
directly foam - the contents of individual granules in it are not in contact with the environment and adjacent cavities.

Expanded polystyrene

Styrofoam in the form of bricks

Expanded polystyrene This material belongs to plastics with a cellular structure, it has almost all the qualities necessary for thermal insulation, it:

light;
hard;
not afraid of water;
biological contamination.
But due to its low fire resistance, it is recommended to use it at t not higher than 150 degrees.

To improve this quality, special fire retardants are added to the insulation at the production stage. The symbol "C" is added to the name of such material, and it is called self-extinguishing. The performance properties of the foam made it a fairly popular material.

Sprayed polyurethane foam

Spray on the wall

It is a foam that can be applied by spraying through a special apparatus. It contains polyisocyanate, polyester polyol and various additives.

The adhesive properties of the material allow it to be safely applied even on vertical surfaces. It has excellent adhesion to concrete, plaster, roofing felt, metal, gas silicate blocks.

The material is quite successfully used for insulation:

internal;
external walls;
flat and pitched roofs;
basement floors;
foundations;
basements;
joints between structures.

This cellulose insulation is made on the basis of cardboard and paper waste. Its properties are actually determined by the constituent substances. In addition to the usual recycled cellulose, some foreign manufacturers also use hay, cotton waste, sawdust. 81% of the material consists of carefully processed cellulose, 12 is an obligatory antiseptic.

Ecowool can hold approximately 20% moisture, while maintaining its working qualities. The material gives off moisture to the outside and dries quickly, retaining all its performance characteristics. The disadvantage of ecowool can be considered the difficulty of its manual application to the surface, as well as the impossibility of arranging a "floating floor" due to its inherent softness.

Insulation of the attic with penoizol

It is the only one of the used polymeric heat-insulating materials that is not at all adapted to self-combustion. Its fire resistance index assigns it to the G2 flammability subgroup.

Isokom insulation with foil

It is a harmless, environmentally friendly material that does not pose a threat to the ozone layer. It does not contain glass or other fibers that are unsafe for human and animal health.

Without changing its exceptional properties, it serves for about 50 years, without deforming and not being damaged during all this time.

The installation is quite simple and very convenient: it does not need special equipment. Excellent protection against steam and moisture. It is used almost everywhere.

What types of insulation are there and which one to choose for the house?

How to choose a heater? An overview of all types of insulation for walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, attic. Wooden and frame houses. Consider cheap options, find out!

One of the primary tasks that is solved at the stage of construction or repair of commercial and private housing is its insulation. Today it is not so much a matter of comfort as of saving on expensive energy resources. Therefore, as never before, all kinds of insulation for walls that are used inside and outside buildings are relevant.

Insulation materials market

The modern market for thermal insulation materials demonstrates high growth rates. The reason is the proven efficiency of the use of energy-saving technologies, which allows saving up to 40% on heating resources. This problem is usually solved in a complex manner, but one of the important stages is invariably the thermal insulation of walls and facades with such materials:

mineral and glass wool;
cellulose insulation;
expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
fibrolite;
liquid ceramic insulation;
cork and other materials.

When choosing insulation for walls, buyers pay attention to thermal conductivity, unit cost, installation complexity and performance characteristics.

Mineral wool is an affordable and popular insulation material. It is a material with a chaotic fibrous structure, obtained by melting igneous and metamorphic rocks. Mineral wool is used to insulate frame structures and walls designed for different degrees of load, contours of structures and structures. Its advantages:

high resistance to fire;
low thermal conductivity;
biological and chemical resistance;
sound insulation of premises;
the ability to repel moisture without saturation with it (hydrophobicity);
mechanical strength;
resistance to thermal deformation;
ease of installation.

And now about the cons of mineral wool. This insulation contains harmful components that negatively affect the human body. The respiratory organs, skin and mucous membranes are especially susceptible to them. The phenol in the mineral wool used to insulate the walls causes nausea, weakness and headaches. In order to prevent the harmful effects of this building material, it is isolated from direct contact with the air circulating in the room.

Properties and characteristics of glass wool

Glass wool is a type of mineral insulation. Waste from the glass industry is used in its production. Glass wool consists entirely of fibrous inclusions and is distinguished by high elasticity, strength and vibration resistance. Its thermal conductivity varies from 0.030 to 0.052 W / (m · K).

Glass wool is sold in the form of mats and rolls. Thanks to the technology of pressing in a rolled or pressed form, it takes up a small volume, which simplifies its transportation, storage and installation on a construction site. Glass wool properties:

high sound insulating ability;
mechanical strength;
flexibility and elasticity;
mold and mildew resistance;
environmental Safety.

The main disadvantage of glass wool is the need to strictly observe personal safety precautions when working with it. Thin and sharp fibers are susceptible to brittleness, and, getting on the skin or mucous membranes, they cause irritation, injuring them. Therefore, it is necessary to process the walls with glass wool in overalls that do not leave open areas of the body (the use of gloves is mandatory!).

Properties and characteristics of cellulose insulation

Ecowool, or cellulose insulation, is a loose and lightweight insulating material that covers walls, roofs, partitions and individual structures. 80% of its composition is waste paper (recycled waste paper), the rest is boric acid or borax, which provides a low burning ability.

The popularity of cellulose as a heater is due to its affordable cost and environmental friendliness (it gives a second life to waste that litters the planet). Its main characteristics:

density - 30-65 kg / m 3;
thermal conductivity - 0.032-0.041 W / (m · K);
vapor permeability - 0.3 mg / (m · h · Pa);
sound absorption - 36-45 dB.

Cellulose does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it, has low air permeability, hypoallergenic and hygienic. During installation, it fills the available hollow spaces to form a seamless wall covering. When laying with a dry method, you can work at sub-zero temperatures.

Benefits of expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is a synthetic gas-filled material based on polystyrene, which is foamed with vapors of low-boiling liquids. It looks like a huge amount of fine-cellular granules, sintered together. The higher the density of the material, the more durable it is. Other properties of expanded polystyrene for wall insulation:

low thermal conductivity - 0.028-0.034 W / (m · K);
mechanical strength;
chemical and biological resistance;
low vapor and moisture permeability;
sound absorption ability;
long service life (up to 30 years).

Extruded polystyrene foam: properties and characteristics

Extruded polystyrene foam for walls has the same structure as extruded, but closed pores are smaller - 0.1-0.2 mm. The main thing that distinguishes these two materials is the granule manufacturing technology. Because of it, the extruded polystyrene foam received less flexibility and margin of safety than the foamed version, another vapor permeability - 0.013 mg / (m · h · Pa), but retained high thermal conductivity values - 0.029-0.034 W / (m · K).

Fiberboard properties and characteristics

Fibrolite - insulation in the form of slabs made of wood fibers and binders. The cut shows a base of natural fibers and a layer of Portland cement (60 and 40%, respectively). Characteristics of fiberboard for walls:

thermal conductivity - 0.08-0.1 W / (m · K);
humidity - up to 20%;
water absorption - 35-40%;
bending strength - 0.5-1.3 MPa.

Fibrolite is a non-combustible insulation, provides excellent sound insulation, does not rot, it is not affected by fungus and mold, and the service life is up to 60 years.

Environmentally friendly cork materials

If you choose ecological insulation for walls, you should pay attention to cork materials. They are 100% natural as they are extracted from oak bark. The structure of the cork sheet resembles microcells, which are filled with gases.

The heat transfer coefficient of the plug is 0.043-0.050 W / (m · K). The insulation does not burn, does not rot and does not absorb foreign odors. It withstands temperature changes, absorbs sound and vibration, and can be easily installed on the wall without special knowledge and tools.

Liquid ceramic insulation: properties and characteristics

Liquid ceramic insulation is a modern insulation in the form of a liquid foam suspension. It is an innovative product that replaces the classic solutions for reducing heat loss through walls. The coating turns out to be flexible and dense, evenly fills the available cavities. The maximum effect of thermal insulation is achieved due to the vacuum in the microcavities of the substance.

Advantages of liquid ceramic insulation as wall insulation:

high anti-corrosion properties;
durability (up to 15 years);
wide range of operating temperatures;
flexibility in thermal expansion;
ease of application;
environmental friendliness.

Liquid foam is made from a polymer resin that hardens in air. To apply it, you must use special equipment. It is a practical and inexpensive option to reduce heat loss through walls, roofs or foundations. Liquid foam has the following properties:

excellent adhesion to any surfaces and materials;
minimal preparation of the base (cleaning and draining the wall);
high vapor permeability;
lack of excess pressure after drying;
easy application and removal of excess.

Liquid foam is ideal as insulation for horizontal and inclined surfaces, but also works well in wall insulation.

Remote thermostat for a heating boiler. Thermostat for the boiler - the automation will take care of a comfortable temperature in the home! Types of room thermostats

Organic Based Preventive Thermal Insulation

Characteristics of wood concrete insulation

Appointment and use of wood concrete

Characteristics of chipboard insulation

Characteristics of polyurethane foam

Purpose of polyurethane foam

Fiberboard characteristics

Purpose and use of fiberboard

Ecowool characteristics

Purpose and application of ecowool

Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool

Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"

Foil-coated thermal insulation: purpose and application

Appointment of insulation brand "Isover"

Thermal insulation for pipes

Thermal insulation from the manufacturer "Technonikol"

Application of siding with thermal insulation

Heat insulation under plaster

Conclusion

Stone wool

Glass wool

Penoizol

Izokom

What are the types of insulation - 4 groups of thermal insulation materials for housing construction

Selection criteria for thermal insulation materials

Group 1. Rigid porous mineral insulation

Group 2. Fibrous mineral wool insulation

Group 3. Foamed polymer insulation

Group 4. Thermal insulation from organic materials

Conclusion

Organic Based Preventive Thermal Insulation

Characteristics of wood concrete insulation

Appointment and use of wood concrete

Characteristics of chipboard insulation

Characteristics of polyurethane foam

Purpose of polyurethane foam

Fiberboard characteristics

Purpose and use of fiberboard

Ecowool characteristics

Purpose and application of ecowool

Inorganic heat insulators: mineral wool

Some characteristics and purpose of insulation from the manufacturer "Rockwool"

Foil-coated thermal insulation: purpose and application

Appointment of insulation brand "Isover"

Thermal insulation for pipes

Thermal insulation from the manufacturer "Technonikol"

Application of siding with thermal insulation

Heat insulation under plaster

Conclusion

Overview of types and characteristics of heaters, their areas of application

Insulation materials overview

Reflective materials

Types of insulation for houses and walls of wooden and frame houses

What types of insulation and what to use?

How to choose a heater?

Insulation materials market

Properties and characteristics of glass wool

Properties and characteristics of cellulose insulation

Benefits of expanded polystyrene

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