Floor pie between the 1st floor and the attic. Insulation of the ceiling of a wooden house between the first and second floors

We are asked:
Z Hello. Please tell me what to do. Question 1: a house made of gas block. The dimensions of the room are 8 (length) by 6.5 (width). I want to make a wooden floor between the 1st floor and the attic from timber 150 by 200 by 75-80 cm. At a distance of 10 cm. In the attic there will be walls made of gas block 10 cm thick. Question: is the overlap weak? And question 2: in the same room there is a window opening of 235 by 152 cm. What is the best way to strengthen or make an armored belt? Thank you.

We answer:
TO As I understand it, the ceiling is made of beams with a pitch of 75-80 cm, and 10 cm is supported by a gas block. The step is normal, if there is no special load (only residents, usual attic furniture), then more than enough. But for a span of 6.5 m, the beam height of 200 mm is not enough. In addition, wooden beams of this length are quite rare on sale. In such a case, glued laminated timber with a section height of about 250 mm is used. In terms of strength, a section with a height of 200 mm is sufficient, but how rigid the ceiling will be is a question. In such cases, it is necessary to perform calculations depending on the load.

A support of 10 cm is not enough; for an aerated block you need at least 15 cm. It’s good to not just support the beam on aerated concrete, but to make a monolithic cushion to prevent the block from collapsing at the point of support. The size of the pillow is the same as that of a gas block or slightly smaller. Immediately during concreting, insert an anchor into it to secure the beam.

Alternatively, the design of the entire attic is made common with the ceiling, i.e. We rest the floor beams on the mauerlat.

From the point of view of heating engineering, a thickness of 10 cm for external walls, even in the attic, is not enough, you need additional insulation. However, depending on what region you live in.

As for the window, it is not entirely clear what it means to strengthen? And where is the armored belt supposed to be installed? An armored belt is a closed concrete contour (hence the belt) usually along the top of the wall. Often it is built on a foundation made of prefabricated elements. As the final stage of the walls of the house itself made of aerated blocks, this solution is very good; in this case, the support of the floor beams can be done precisely on concrete belt. As for the reliable placement of the window unit, usually when constructing an attic they are placed in the gables, which are part of the stone “box” of the building. In this case, the lintels are made of reinforced concrete, metal or even wood.

If the pediments are made of fragile materials, i.e. the filling of the gables can only bear its own weight, then a separate frame is arranged for the window blocks, usually wooden, securely connected to the roof rafter system. Windows facing the slope of the roof are a separate matter; the design here is much more complex; you can’t describe it in a few words.

From the literature, where the details of the construction of houses with wooden structures are examined in detail and qualitatively, we can recommend: 3. A. Kazbek-Kaziev, “ Architectural designs", Moscow, "Higher School" 1989
We can also recommend the book by A.V. Shepelev "How to build a rural house." General principles are laid out there in sufficient detail. More can be used modern literature, you can download the same V.I. Ryzhenko on the network. “Construction of a house from foundation to roof”, etc.

Wooden floors between floors are suitable for almost all types of buildings. They are compatible with wood, brick and concrete buildings. Structures are installed not only between floors, but also in attics and basements. You can’t do without them in these rooms, but the arrangement of wooden floors between floors differs from basement structures.

Features of wooden floors

The overlap device includes, for the most part, only wooden elements. However, absolutely any materials are used to finish the ceiling and floor. The main thing is to correctly install the structure itself.

One of the most important functions of flooring is sound insulation. It is very easy to attach any insulating materials, including slabs. You can easily install any modern finish on top.

A very important advantage of wood construction is its low weight. Wooden floor elements do not exert significant pressure on the base of the building. Therefore, they are often used in houses with light foundations.

Installation carried out according to the rules promotes natural air exchange in the room. At the same time, the heat and sound insulation of the rooms is not compromised.

Generally wooden structures very durable. They allow in short term create lightweight and durable floors.

Technical requirements for floors

Interfloor structures consist of the following elements:

• beams;
• bars;
• layer of board;
• heat and sound insulation layer;
• waterproofing film;
• finishing board;
• ventilation slot;
• baseboards.

Note! Wood belongs to the class of highly flammable materials. In addition, it is susceptible to putrefaction, fungi and various bacteria. Therefore, materials for floors must be processed before installation. The minimum set of impregnations consists of fire retardants and antiseptics.

Installation and processing

To make the correct wooden floor between floors with your own hands, you need to understand the structure of its structure. It consists of a beam frame and sheathing made of boards or sheet particle materials.

The role of a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer is performed by rolled material. Most often, glass wool, mineral wool or similar insulators are used for this. Sometimes expanded clay or polystyrene foam is used. However, the first one makes the structure very heavy, and the second one is highly flammable.

For wooden floors between floors in saunas and baths, it is very important to properly arrange waterproofing. In this case, vapor-proof films are optimal, allowing moisture to pass through only in one direction. The material consists of expanding cones that absorb moisture only from the porous side. WITH reverse side the coating does not release moisture.

Important! Vapor-tight coatings are laid with the porous side facing the insulation, “facing” the room. And for the room above, the film is mounted in reverse.

Floor beams

To figure out how to make a wooden floor between floors, you need to know the features of the structure's frame. Its basis is wooden beams. Most often, elements 15-25 cm in height and 5-15 in thickness are used. There is a distance of up to 1 m between the beams, depending on the cross-section of the elements.

Note! The greater the load on the floor, the larger the cross-section of the beams should be.

The supporting ends are made from 150 mm in length, they are laid using the “beacon” method. First, the outer beams are installed, and intermediate beams are laid between them. The evenness of the installation is checked with a level. The middle beams are laid according to the template. For leveling, you can use various resinous pads from scraps.

Important! You cannot use hewn, pointed wood chips to level beams.

The beams are laid with the same spacing along the entire perimeter, strictly parallel. They are treated before installation antiseptic impregnations and wrapped in 2-3 layers of roofing material. For brick and block buildings, floor beams are coated with bitumen at the ends. This technique protects the wood from moisture. For walls with a thickness of 2.5 bricks or more, vents are left for ventilation. And at the junction of the wood and the walls, roofing material is laid under the beams.

Reel installation

To cover the floor between floors, various wood materials are used, including boards, plywood and particle boards.

The subfloor in the ceiling is the lower flooring; it is on this that the heat-insulating material is laid. It can also be attached directly to the beams from below. In this case, it performs the function of a rough ceiling, on which you can immediately mount finishing material. A floor made using second-rate boards will cost several times less.

The distance from the beams or logs is determined by the thickness of the boards with which the rough covering is covered. They bear the main burden. So, if 2 and a half centimeter boards are used indoors, for attic spaces a step of 50 cm is needed, and for residential - 40 cm. Therefore, for flooring it is recommended to use a thick board of 4-5 cm.

Methods for laying basement floors

For a wooden plinth structure, a cranial block is required. It will allow you to insulate the floor. After all, it is on this that the panels or board covering the insulation are mounted.

The more popular option is a rough layer of rolled or unedged boards. The material is mounted on wooden block With square section and a side of 5 or 4 cm. It is best to attach the skull beam to the logs with self-tapping screws, but you can also use nails.

Advice! You can attach the board not to the skull block, but to a groove (quarter). It needs to be cut with chisels or power tools. It will take longer.

The subfloor of the basement is insulated bulk materials, including sand. Antiseptic-impregnated sawdust or mineral wool 10 cm thick is often used. To protect wood structures, a waterproofing layer is laid underneath. The most practical option is bitumen roll materials. For rooms in contact with moisture, waterproofing is also installed on top.

Insulation and sound insulation

The thermal insulation layer is very important in the design of the ceiling: it performs the function of sound insulation. Therefore, modern synthetic and mineral insulation is used for its arrangement. They are not susceptible to bacteria and fungi, so they have a longer service life.

Mineral wool is very popular. However, some rolled materials are contraindicated for baths and saunas. It is not recommended to use slag wool in such rooms, as it contains suspended metals. These particles rust from moisture, and the cotton wool sags, losing its properties.

Most often, in rooms with normal humidity, roofing felt is used for waterproofing. Bituminous materials have low cost and excellent performance characteristics. Thick polyethylene is laid on top of the roofing material.

Thermal insulation material is mounted on top of the film. It is very important that there are no gaps between the layers of cotton wool or polystyrene foam, otherwise the room will have low heat and sound insulation. If foam-based board insulation is used, the cracks are sealed with polyurethane foam.

By installing the floor of the second and first floors on wooden beams, you can save a lot. Such structures will cost several times less than concrete ones, and you can also handle the installation yourself.

During work, you should follow certain rules. For example, it is necessary to use beams of a certain section, and the pitch must be adjusted taking into account the floor area.

Insulation of the interfloor ceiling using wooden beams is an important part of the work: it is necessary to create a barrier to the cold and reliable sound insulation of the premises, while simultaneously preventing possible education drafts and mold on ceilings.

Thermal insulation is required for the ceiling between a cold basement and the first floor living spaces or between the living spaces and an unheated attic. Floors between living spaces require sound insulation, and therefore the approach to solving problems will be different.

How to insulate interfloor covering to eliminate drafts, dampness and mold? From the point of view of building thermal physics, the insulation of the interfloor ceiling using wooden beams will be correct when the thermal insulation is located on the cold air side.

The correct arrangement of layers in the ceiling structure repeats the principle of façade insulation: on the side where cold air enters, a vapor barrier is placed, then insulation, another vapor barrier, then a slab or other load-bearing structure. The arrangement of the layers must ensure the release of water vapor to the outside.

But when it comes specifically to wooden structures in a private house, structural difficulties arise.

When insulating attic floor there are two of them: thermal insulation, sound insulation and waterproofing of the structure are required at the same time. In addition, it will be necessary to walk on the ceiling for periodic inspection and roof repairs. The “pie” of the interfloor ceiling in this case will look like this:

1. A layer of material that can withstand occasional foot traffic.
2. Vapor permeable waterproofing.
3. Insulation.
4. Vapor barrier.
5. Basic structure.
6. The ceiling of the room.

Insulation wooden floors above a cold basement requires placing the layers in the reverse order:

1. Clean floor.
2. Vapor barrier.
3. Insulation.
4. Vapor barrier.
5. Basic structure.

ATTENTION: If there is no basement and there is a ventilated underground under the house, which often happens when installing pile foundations, the insulation underneath must be protected with a moisture- and windproof membrane.

In order to fulfill all these conditions, a competent choice of materials is necessary.

Selection of materials

Insulation of floors using wooden beams can be done with any type of heat-insulating materials:

1. Bulk (slag, expanded clay gravel).
2. Monolithic laying (lightweight concrete - expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete, etc., foam).
3. Slabs (slabs and mats made of various materials mineral and synthetic origin - from porous concrete "Velit", mineral wool, foam glass, expanded polystyrene).
4. Film.

In order to choose insulation, it is necessary to analyze their thermal insulation properties, volumetric weight and the supporting structure of the building itself.

As a rule, bulk and monolithic insulation with high thermal conductivity have an impressive weight and, in order to ensure the required heat transfer resistance of external enclosing structures, a thickness of, for example, expanded clay concrete backfill of 0.5 m is required with a minimum volumetric weight of the material of 200 kg/m3, which is the same as wooden beams may not be able to stand it. These insulation materials are often chosen for interfloor ceilings on concrete slabs in brick houses.

The materials in greatest demand for insulation are: mineral wool slabs(made of stone, basalt or glass wool) and polystyrene foam. These materials have excellent characteristics:

• thermal conductivity indicators from 0.33 to 0.42 W/(m×K);
• low volumetric weight – from 10 kg/m3;
• low water absorption;
• high vapor permeability;
• compressive density from 70 kPa.

These indicators indicate the following:

• insulation of the interfloor ceiling using wooden beams will not require a thick layer of heat-insulating material;
• bearing structures will not be overloaded;
• insulation, if there is proper vapor and waterproofing, will not accumulate moisture, and, therefore, will last a long time and will
• maintain comfortable conditions in the home;
• during repairs it will not collapse from the weight of a person.

No less important for the durability of the structure is the choice vapor barrier materials. There are a significant number of them offered on construction markets. Before purchasing, you need to find out how this material works, and in the case of multilayer membranes, which side should be adjacent to the insulation.

IMPORTANT: Polyethylene films, due to their short service life, fragility and inelasticity, are unsuitable for use as vapor and waterproofing when insulating floors in wooden house.

We insulate the attic floor using wooden beams

Insulating the attic floor using wooden beams can be done in several ways. The choice depends on the distance between the beams and financial capabilities.

First way

The flooring scheme using mineral wool slabs is as follows:

Work algorithm:

1. Preparation of beams - impregnation with fire retardant and fungicide, reinforcement if necessary.
2. Attach a layer of vapor barrier to the bottom edge of the beams with lathing.
3. Place a layer of soft insulation – mineral wool mats – between the beams.
4. On the upper edge of the floor beams, lay a second layer of insulation - rigid mineral wool slabs with a laminated surface that can withstand limited foot traffic.
5. Apply a layer of waterproofing fused roofing material (Tekhnoelast, Krovlyelast, Bikrost, etc.) to the slabs using a construction hair dryer.
6. Attach a suspended ceiling (plasterboard, OSB, chipboard, lining, etc.) along the sheathing.

Second way

Work algorithm:

1. Preparing beams.
2. Using lathing, we attach a vapor barrier to the beams.
3. We lay the first layer of thermal insulation.
4. We install wooden logs along the beams.
5. We lay a second layer of thermal insulation material between the joists.
6. We install flooring from moisture resistant boards Chipboard, OSB or other material.

When laying the insulation boards, they are fixed with mounting adhesive or foam adhesive. According to the second method, mineral wool boards can be replaced with expanded polystyrene or penoplex.

We insulate the ceiling of the first floor

Insulation of the floor in this case can also be done in several ways, the choice depends on design features Houses. If there is a ventilated space under the ceiling, insulation can be done according to the attic principle, changing the alternation of layers.

First way

Insulation of the first floor floor along joists, with a cold subfloor, looks like this:

Work algorithm:

1. Preparing beams.
2. We attach a cranial block along the bottom edge.
3. On cranial bars We fasten the subfloor with nails (boards, plywood, OSB, DSP, etc.).
4. Place moisture on top windproof membrane, attaching it to the beams through counter slats.
5. We lay insulation in the space between the beams.
6. We lay a clean floor.

Second way

Insulating the floor above a cold basement differs from the previous method in small nuances; accordingly, the algorithm for performing the work does not change.

IMPORTANT: Before carrying out work, the wood must be protected from rotting with antiseptic impregnations and fire retardants to impart fire resistance.

Conclusion

Properly performed insulation of the floor between floors using wooden beams is guaranteed to ensure comfortable living, eliminate drafts and the formation of fungus and mold. All work will not be difficult to complete for any homeowner who knows how to use a drill and a building level.

The overlap between the first and second floors is ordinary if the second floor is heated. It can be made of reinforced concrete, wood and other materials. It is only necessary to ensure sound insulation. If in winter time If only the first floor is in use, and the second floor is cold, then it must be insulated in the same way as the floor of the first floor (Fig. 5.14.). Due to the fact that a house loses 10-15% of heat through the ceiling, it is necessary to very carefully design and manufacture the ceiling between the first and second floors or the roof if the second floor is an attic. It is also necessary to provide a vapor barrier on the side of the heated room if using effective insulation And frame floor. If iron is used as a ceiling concrete slab and the insulation is placed above it, then a vapor barrier is not necessary.

Rice. 5.14. Construction of the second floor with insulation.

Roof

The roof, like the foundation, determines the longevity of the house. It protects walls and foundations from precipitation and provides thermal protection interior spaces. The roof can act as a place to place solar energy elements on it (solar collectors for heating air, water, solar panels for conversion solar energy to electric). A significant amount of water can be collected from the roof surface for irrigation and other technical needs.

Roof types: combined (used for attic floor) and cold traditional (for an ordinary one-story and an ordinary two-story house).

The design of the combined roof is almost the same as the design of the wall. If we sequentially consider how it is structured, from the inside to the outside, then first comes the finishing, then the sheathing, beams, vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing, sheathing and outer covering(Fig. 5.15.). It is very important to provide a ventilated space above the insulation, which will ensure continuous drying of the insulation and the entire roof structure. The roof may be provided with fastening elements on which solar collectors and solar panels are placed. In this case, it is necessary to provide holes in the roof for laying air ducts and pipelines from air and water solar collectors. The roof design provides for a water collection system and its drainage to a specific place on the site.

Rice. 5.15. Insulated roof structure.

Notes. The slope of the roof should be such as to avoid large accumulation of snow. Mounting engineering equipment on the roof can be done in two ways: a) the equipment is built into the roof structure, b) the equipment is placed on special seats provided on the roof.

Window

The house loses almost as much heat through the windows as through the basement. On the other side, the windows let you inside the house sunlight, providing the necessary insolation and visual connection with environment. During the daytime in spring and early autumn, additional solar heating of the house is provided through the windows. In summer, windows can be used for natural ventilation home and long-term ventilation. In addition, windows perform important decorative functions both in the interior and exterior of the house. All of the above shows how the window is important element Houses.

On the other hand, at night in winter, the house loses a lot of energy through the windows (Fig. 5.16.). Therefore, to increase the energy efficiency of an eco-house, a window design is needed in which the energy received from the sun is greater than it is dissipated per day (during the winter months of Siberia, this can be achieved in simple ways This is not possible, but in the spring months and early autumn it can be done). For this purpose they use different ways(multilayer double-glazed windows, coatings that transmit visible light and reflective infrared radiation, filling the space between the glasses with different inert gases, thermal curtains, shutters, etc.).

Rice. 5.16. Radiation and heat flows in the window.

The simplest way to improve the energy efficiency of a window is to eliminate the ventilation function and use thermally efficient shutters. Simple design a window with an internal sliding heat-efficient shutter is shown in Fig. 5.17. Window includes one double glazing, inserted into window unit With inside. Behind it there is a sliding heat-protective shutter. WITH outside A frame with single glass is inserted into the window block, protecting the window block from snow, wind, and rain. The shutter provides thermal insulation during the cold night season. It is locked from inside the house. The thermal resistance of a window block when closed (at night in winter) can be made comparable to the thermal resistance of a wall.

Notes. To make shutters, you can use extruded polystyrene or solid high-quality foam plastic or foam glass. The window block is replaceable, assembled from individual elements, mounted externally. The internal double frame (glazed window) is inserted from the inside. To simplify the design and reduce the cost, there are no vents or frames in the window. For ventilation, vents are installed in the wall.

Rice. 5.17. Triple glazed window with thermally efficient sliding shutter.

⇐ Previous23242526272829303132Next ⇒

Date of publication: 2015-02-17; Read: 148 | Page copyright infringement

studopedia.org - Studopedia.Org - 2014-2018 (0.001 s)…

Hello, unknown literature connoisseur. If you read this text, the book "Second Sex" by Simon de Beauvoir did not attract your attention. This is a true phenomenon in literature that you do not like, but you admire the whole of nature, I do not like it, but it leads to incalculable ecstasy. Gentle irony, along with comics, is so harmoniously intertwined in the plot that it becomes an integral part of it.

In the end, all the riddles, secrets and tips that were cleverly organized in the story are revealed. Vibrant landscapes, vast horizons and rich colors all add depth to perception and stimulate the imagination.

It's nice to immerse yourself in the "golden age" where happy people live with their small and simple, but it would seem big problems. Apart from providing interesting, exciting and interesting narrative material, the plot also maintains logic and sequence of events. The first lines of the visual are eye-catching and in many ways they are distinctive, colorful and graphic. Main character Instantly pushes approval and compassion, you can easily imagine yourself, not in your place, and sympathize with him.

The core idea has so many emotions and intentions so deep that anyone who comes into contact with it becomes a child of this world. “The Second Sex” by Simon de Beauvoir reads for free on the Internet, you can admire it, perhaps with bitterness, but it is impossible with indifference.

Beams and floors
Beam device
Working

There are two options for installing a wooden floor: if the house is single, the floor is attached to logs; if it is multi-story, the floor of each floor is attached to wooden beams.

Although, depending on the design and in the same house, wooden floors can be attached to wooden beams. Therefore, we are not talking about the choice of technology, but about the structural characteristics of the building.

Beams and floors

Device on the floor of the second floor on wooden beams has technological characteristics.

namely:

• Beams are part of the home's design, making it stronger. The shafts are firmly attached to the load-bearing walls, making the floor reliable.
• Light weight building materials, which came to the bottom of the floor.
• Low cost of construction of such floors. However, second floor floors on wooden supports have their disadvantages. Reliance on load-bearing walls increased noise conductivity, which negatively affected life in such a home.

  If you think about it and cover the back of the second floor with soundproofing pads, the problem will be solved. Unfortunately, this approach reduces the load-bearing characteristics of the structure as a whole.

Beam device

There was on the floor high quality, and this takes a long time, it is necessary to determine the number of rays.

For this you can use special programs, and developers differ according to standard approaches:

• Choose a beam with a cross section of 150x150 mm or 200x200 mm.
• The beams are located at a distance of 0.6 m from each other.

As a rule, pine is chosen as the cheapest and most affordable wood.

Depending on whether the buildings are brick or wood, the fastening of the supports overlaps. Brick house built into brick. In a wooden structure they are laid on wooden base and secured with metal clips.

This process requires a certain approach, which can be based on certain rules:

• All wooden structures, including beams, must be treated with antiseptics and fire-resistant materials.
• Do not remove wood structures containing resin as this may cause condensation.
• Place the first stick at a distance of 5 cm from the wall and no more.

As mentioned, the installation of supports is switched according to the structural characteristics of the structure.

Working

The floor on the second floor of a private house is arranged as follows. First, you need to secure the rods on all sides of the beams. The rods are fixed so that the plates are at the same level as the beams. The fastening must be reliable, since it is necessary to walk on the ground.

The overlay has been completely removed from the bottom, which will later serve as the ceiling on the first floor. The panels are installed very tightly, so there are no cracks.

After this, the top side of the cladding is covered with a layer of waterproofing or usually clay mortar.

Its merit is that this mixture does not burn, so it is ideal for such purposes.

The solution is applied to thin layer, after which it must be allowed to dry. You can place roofing felt as an option. Such technological operations increase the service life of the insulation.

The floors of the second floor in a wooden house must be warm, so it is necessary to install thermal insulation between the beams.

Place floors between floors

As a heater you can use:

• ordinary slag, which is poured into the spaces between the beams;
• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• expanded clay or sawdust.

In most cases, mineral wool is used due to its low cost, simplicity and ease of installation.

This material fits between the beams and is very tight, so there are no cracks, especially since you can work with sealed mineral wool. This will ensure high quality thermal insulation coating without possible cold bridges.

Finally, the surface can be coated with a vapor barrier, although this is not necessary if there are financial concerns.

As an alternative, polystyrene foam can be used, but remember that it has good fire resistance despite unique properties thermal insulation.

If we are talking about materials such as sawdust, expanded clay or slag, these are bulk materials and cannot simply be delivered to the second floor in sufficient quantities.

After installing the insulation, you can begin obtaining flooring floor on the second floor.

This is done using the same technology as pre-strengthening the space between the beams. But the panels were secured from below, but now it needs to be done from above.

The main thing is that the rough soil is leveled by the rays.

There is another version of finishing the floor covering on beams. For this purpose, the jams are fixed to the beams and in a direction perpendicular to the direction of beam distribution.

In this case, we get an air space that has a positive effect on the stability of the structure.

Additionally, this approach allows for the installation of a floating floor, which can reduce noise levels somewhat.

Attached above the logo is a plate of slab or particle board. At the same time, there must be gaps between floors and walls. In any case, the floor installation can be completed with a finish suitable for linoleum, parquet or laminate.

conclusion

The conclusion shows: the possibility of a heated floor on the second floor of your house is the best choice. This is usually additional comfort and convenience.

After watching the video you can learn more about this technology.

Insulating the attic from the inside has its own characteristics, this is due to the specifics of the room. An attic space with a complex structure and microclimate requires a competent approach to organizing a thermal insulation layer in order to avoid cold bridges, the appearance of condensation and wetting of the insulation, as a result, fungi, mold, and freezing.

In the article we will give step by step instructions, how to properly insulate an attic from the inside with your own hands, we will analyze what materials are best to use, how to calculate the thickness of thermal insulation.

Insulation scheme for the attic floor

General rules - how to insulate an attic floor

Insulation of the attic floor is a whole set of measures to ensure that the room is comfortable for living: it does not heat up in the summer and does not get cold in the winter period, and the relative humidity did not exceed the norm. Each part of the attic floor: floor, ceiling, slopes, fronts, is insulated according to own technology. It is important to follow a few basic rules here:

• The thickness of the insulation for the attic is 100-200 mm, which directly depends on the type of thermal insulation, the climate in the region and the choice of materials for the load-bearing structures of the attic floor. It is better to put 2 layers of 100 mm each. It is advisable to choose an environmentally friendly, lightweight, non-flammable one.
• Waterproofing is laid on top of thermal insulation, protects against condensation and precipitation, and does not allow moisture to enter the insulation from the roof side. This is very important stage insulation of the attic floor, which ensures reliability and long term thermal insulation services, otherwise, the accumulation of moisture inside the materials will lead to their destruction and freezing of the room. For the attic floor use the following types waterproofing films: superdiffusion breathable, diffusion, anti-condensation.
• Vapor barrier in the insulation of the attic floor ensures good air exchange, ventilation of the cake, and prevents the penetration of water vapor from the room into the materials.

We offer useful tips How to insulate an attic with your own hands, video instructions will help you avoid mistakes when thermally insulating the floor under the roof.

Detailed insulation technology

Insulating an attic from the inside with your own hands takes place in several stages: floor, ceiling, if there is one, slopes, fronts. Thermal insulation of everyone structural element the attic floor has its own technological features, then we will look in detail at the nuances of insulation.

The photo shows an example of how to properly insulate an attic floor

Insulation of the attic floor

The floor on the attic floor is essentially an interfloor ceiling separating the lower rooms from the roof. Accordingly, here are the main requirements for thermal insulation materials: lightweight, but with effective heat conservation, vapor permeable, with good sound insulation.

Floor insulation depends on the design features of the ceiling. If it is a concrete slab, it is advisable to organize a heated floor and perform a screed. Don't forget to stick damper tape around the perimeter to allow for natural expansion of the materials. If the screed is more than 20 mm, it must be reinforced.

But more often, logs are installed here, so floor insulation is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• treat the subfloor with antiseptics, 2 times;
• we install waterproofing, a thick one is suitable polyethylene film, roofing felt sometimes bitumen mastic, especially at the wall/floor interface, the joints overlap 100-150 mm, it is recommended to glue them with tape or weld them with a soldering iron;
• we lay a vapor barrier membrane, glassine and isospan are relevant here, we attach it to the joists with a stapler, the joints overlap;
• We put insulation between the logs: sheet insulation of your choice, mineral wool, sawdust, loose expanded clay, sprayed polyurethane foam, etc.
• cover the insulation with a top vapor barrier layer;
• lay the subfloor: screed or wood covering which is better to do with air gap– a sheathing of bars is placed perpendicularly on the joists; treatment with antiseptics and fire-fighting agents is mandatory;
• floor finishing.

Insulation of the floor along the joists on the attic floor

Ceiling insulation

It is extremely rare to have a ceiling in an attic floor, but if you are faced with just such a design option, then it also needs to be insulated. To begin with, it stretches vapor barrier film, at a height of 150-250 mm higher than you plan to make the ceiling. Next, you need to assemble a sheathing from bars or a galvanized metal profile, optimal distance between the longitudinal profile is 500-600 mm, while the transverse one is attached every 400-500 mm. If there are cross beams under the ceiling on the attic floor, then the insulation material can be placed on them.

Insulation is placed inside the sheathing, relevant here soft slabs, insignificant in weight, for example, mineral wool. It must be pushed between the sheathing, leveled, and the joints between the slabs adjusted tightly. Stuffed on top of the frame vapor barrier membrane, which will protect the insulation from moisture from the room. After which the ceiling is hemmed sheet material: plasterboard, OSB, chipboard, plywood or lining, blockhouse, timber, the choice depends on the style of the room.

Lathing of the ceiling, slope and gable of the attic floor for subsequent insulation

How best to insulate the walls of the floor under the roof

The walls of the attic floor can be divided into side walls (small flat area, turning into a slope of the roof) and gables - end load-bearing structures. The order of the thermal insulation layers does not change here, but the insulation has its own installation features. At the first stage, waterproofing is filled in; it is better to fasten it using bars 25-50 mm thick in order to leave a technological gap between the walls (roof) and the insulation.

Sheets of insulation are laid on top of the bars so that the attic is not cold; it is recommended to use 2 layers of thermal insulation, each 100 mm thick. It is advisable to insulate floor walls using a combined method. The first row of insulation is placed tightly between the rafters or gable beams. Cut the sheets to size and push them in.

We also leave a ventilation gap between the layers of insulation; if the rafters are thinner, then additional bars are placed on them, and then we put a second layer on them. The sheets should fit tightly to each other; it is advisable to seal the gaps on top with tape. Next, we cover everything with a vapor barrier; for insulating the walls of the attic floor, a foil membrane is optimal, with the metallized side facing the room. We nail it with a stapler, seal the joints and you can sheathe the attic floor with the finishing touches.

Insulation of the gable of the attic floor

Which insulation to choose for the attic

If you choose which insulation is best for an attic, then you need to provide several criteria at once: resistance to physical, mechanical and chemical influences, environmental friendliness, fire safety, weight of the material, heat capacity, installation method and financial side question. Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of several popular materials for insulating the attic floor.

Materials for insulating the floor under a sloping roof

Do-it-yourself attic insulation, video, what are the advantages of thermal insulation with rockwool material.

Styrofoam

Insulating an attic with polystyrene foam is inexpensive and easy to install, which is why the material is very popular for thermal insulation. Disadvantages include low vapor permeability and flammability. Over time, when it dries out rafter system insulation of the attic with polystyrene foam is reduced to nothing; reviews indicate that gaps appear between the sheets and beams, and as a result, drafts.

Watch the video on how to insulate an attic with polystyrene foam, the video demonstrates step by step process installation of thermal insulation.

Polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene is a more advanced material compared to polystyrene foam, the boards are easy to work with, are not afraid of moisture and rodents, the joints between the sheets are very tight, which avoids cold bridges. But extruded polystyrene foam, like polystyrene foam, is deformed when exposed to ultraviolet radiation, and is flammable, so they are not recommended for insulating attic floors wooden house.

The video explains in detail how to insulate an attic; the video will help you perform thermal insulation correctly.

PPU

If you ask specialists what is the best way to insulate an attic from the inside, many of them will recommend spraying polyurethane foam. Of course, you can’t do this without special technology and equipment, but the thermal insulation is strong, durable, and without joints. This is a kind of thermos that provides a comfortable indoor microclimate. Insulation of the attic with polyurethane foam, reviews physical and mechanical properties which is the best, also has significant drawbacks; such a cake is afraid of esters and high-temperature acids.

Watch the work of specialists on how to insulate an attic; the video demonstrates in detail the spraying method.

Mineral wool

Insulation of the attic floor with stone (basalt) mineral wool meets all standards of proper thermal insulation. Mineral wool moisture resistant, non-flammable, has high sound insulation characteristics, which is especially important if the roof is made of “noisy” material. The material is elastic, easy to install, expands, fills voids between beams and holds well even on sloped areas.

Ecowool

Ecowool is a cellulose treated in a special way, it is environmentally friendly, has high heat and noise insulation, is vapor permeable, resistant to dampness, fireproof, it does not harbor harmful microorganisms - perfect option for insulation of the attic floor. The material is crushed and looks like flakes, which are applied to the surface using special equipment, which makes it difficult to install it yourself. Insulating the attic with ecowool is a seamless technology that allows you to high-quality thermal insulation and save comfortable temperature even in an unheated attic floor.

Of course, 100-200 mm of insulation is the recommended layer thickness. The real one may differ, it is recommended to do the calculation for each region and directly depends on the type load-bearing walls and on the thermal conductivity of the insulation. Proper insulation significantly reduces energy costs when heating and air conditioning a home.