Pyrolysis furnace with liquid coolant. Lachinyanka oven - what is it? Oven PNG
The proposed solid fuel pyrolysis furnaces are capable of operating on caking and low-grade coals, without preliminary preparation, or peat and wood waste(sawdust), and have no analogues. The fuel combustion zone is located in the lower part, and due to Know-how, the entire fuel charge is guaranteed and completely burned. By amount consumer properties and price/quality ratio, stoves can compete with a wide class heating devices. Reliable, durable.
The furnaces have high efficiency and efficient process combustion of fuel, due to which in the pyrolysis mode more than 3 times fuel savings are provided (compared to conventional furnaces).
The efficiency of the stove is such that its cost can be lower than the cost of fuel saved during the season (the stove pays for itself at the time of purchasing fuel). Does not require large reserves and movements of fuel and can be used for heating hard-to-reach areas premises - apartments V multi-storey buildings, mobile housing, shelters, rotational camps, etc.
Has low emissions without soot particles. Frees the consumer from the labor of a stoker, does not pollute the room, and ensures a uniform supply of heat (similar to central heating).
It is completely fireproof, does not have thermally stressed elements (does not “burn the air” in the room - the temperature of the furnace body is not higher than 120C0). It can provide long-term continuous combustion - up to 7 days, which is indispensable for baths and other periodically used premises.
Quickly “accelerates” to high power.
Loading of fuel and removal of ash is carried out without stopping the operation of the furnace, the room does not smoke, no complicated operations are required to “rakes out” the ash, and no intervention during combustion is required. Removing ash in a bucket tray is required no more than once every 7 days. The stove does not go out, even after a significant decrease in temperature.
When using low-ash coals with low sintering, one ignition is enough to operate the furnace for the entire heating season. On caking and low-grade coals, one ignition is enough for 15-30 days (see operating instructions).
This feature allows you to save 99% of firewood or ignite from a small-sized gas burner(blowtorch).
The operation of furnaces has low labor intensity and is comparable to the labor costs for operating liquid fuel furnaces.
For heating large areas, in pyrolysis mode, the ovens allow the installation of a “battery” of several products.
Since the furnace can operate in a very wide power range (the PNG-5-50 furnace was “overclocked” to +400C0), no special certification is required, the furnace can be “customized” to any GOST. At the same time, it can be positioned as a “potbelly stove” with increased fire safety (fully sealed).
Now you can purchase drawings for a symbolic price on our portal https://comcon2.com/navigator/444/ in the “Stoves” section, as well as learn about all the Know-how
Design Bureau "Ark"
CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTINUOUS COMBUSTION PYROLOSIS FURNACES
Solid fuel (coal, peat, sawdust, wood waste).
1.General information.
The proposed solid fuel pyrolysis furnaces are capable of working on caking and low-grade coals, without preliminary preparation, or peat and wood waste (sawdust), and have no analogues. The fuel combustion zone is located in the lower part, and due to Know-how, the entire fuel charge is guaranteed and completely burned. In terms of the sum of their consumer properties and the price/quality ratio, stoves can compete with a wide class of heating devices. Reliable, durable.
For handicraft production not required special equipment. In case of piece production, the furnace can be produced in any mechanical workshop. The furnaces have high efficiency and an efficient fuel combustion process, due to which the pyrolysis mode ensures more than 3x fuel economy (compared to conventional ovens).
The efficiency of the stove is such that its cost may be lower than the cost of fuel saved during the season (the stove pays for itself at the time of fuel purchase). Does not require large reserves and movements of fuel and can be used for heating hard-to-reach rooms - apartments in multi-storey buildings, mobile housing, shelters, rotational camps, etc.
Has low emissions without soot particles. Frees the consumer from the labor of a stoker, does not pollute the room, and ensures uniform heat supply (similar to central heating).
Completely fireproof, has no thermally stressed elements (does not “burn the air” in the room - the temperature of the stove body is not higher than 120C 0). It can provide long-term continuous combustion – up to 7 days, which is indispensable for bathhouses and other periodically used premises.
Quickly “accelerates” to high power.
Loading of fuel and removal of ash is carried out without stopping the operation of the furnace, the room does not smoke, no complicated operations are required to “rakes out” the ash, and no intervention during combustion is required. Removing ash in a bucket tray is required no more than once every 7 days. The stove does not go out, even after a significant decrease in temperature.
When using low-ash coals with low sintering, one ignition is enough to operate the furnace throughout the heating season. On caking and low-grade coals, one ignition is enough for 15-30 days (see operating instructions).
This feature allows you to save 99% of firewood or ignite using a small-sized gas burner (blowtorch).
The operation of furnaces has low labor intensity and is comparable to the labor costs for operating liquid fuel furnaces.
To heat large areas in pyrolysis mode, the stoves allow the installation of a “battery” of several products.
Since the furnace can operate in a very wide power range ( the PNG-5-50 furnace was “accelerated” to +400C 0) then no special certification is required, the oven can be “customized” to any GOST. At the same time, it can be positioned as a “potbelly stove” with increased fire safety ( fully sealed).
2. Technical and economic characteristics.
Currently, two modifications of furnaces are offered to a wide range of manufacturers: continuous burning :
Stove "Lachinyanka" - PNG 5 – 50,
Photo 1. Lachinyanka stove - APG 5 – 50
( photo 1 – shown without radiator, see video)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zNp9aEsjA0c
Operates in a power range up to 7 kW. Fuel mass at full load is 24 kg. Duration of combustion from one load to 7 days (graph 1). The stove is designed for heating rooms up to 50m2 in area in pyrolysis mode (and up to 80m2 in normal combustion mode). The predominant design is convective type (air furnace-radiator). Modifications are possible using a water heating boiler. Furnace weight - from 30 to 70 kg (depending on the materials used and manufacturing technology). dimensions height - 1150mm, diameter - 320mm. Actual cost $120-350 (depending on the number of products, materials used and manufacturing technology).
Photo 2. Nika stove
Stove "Nika" - PNG 8 – 150, (Photo 2), operating in a power range of up to 20 kW, intended for heating rooms up to 150 m 2 in pyrolysis mode (and up to 300 m 2 in conventional combustion mode). Fuel mass when fully loaded is 40 kg. Duration of combustion from one load to 3 days (graph 2). The predominant design is a boiler with liquid coolant. Furnace weight - 70-120 kg (depending on the materials used and manufacturing technology). Overall dimensions: height - 1320 mm, diameter - 460 mm. The actual cost for handicraft production is $300 - $500 (depending on the number of products in the batch, the materials used and manufacturing technology).
The oven is easily emptied of its contents due to the rotating grate flaps. It has maximum ease of access to all internal surfaces during off-season prevention. The tightness of the connection between the loading hatch and the pallet is ensured by sand seals, which have proven to be a very simple, reliable and durable option. For sealing, it is possible to use synthetic sealants based on silicones.
A special feature of the furnace is its high draft (which is caused by the tightness of the device), this makes it possible to use short pipes - up to 1 m. In combination with the low temperature of the exhaust gases and the absence of soot, this provides new consumer qualities.
A feature of the proposed furnaces is the ability to burn fuel with a small and precisely dosed air supply (pyrolysis mode). This mode provides a sum of benefits resulting in significant fuel savings and reduced operating labor costs. In this case, the transition from the normal combustion mode to the pyrolysis mode is quite pronounced. Graph 1 shows that normal fuel combustion ( red curve) which lasts no more than 6-8 hours, in pyrolysis, with a relatively slight decrease in power, jumps into prolonged combustion ( green curve) reaching up to 3 days. Even more indicative is the operation of the furnace on low power– when combustion from one load can last 5 days or more ( yellow curve). The presence of a thermostatting effect due to self-regulation of power allows the stove to be used as a boiler for supplying hot water. At even lower powers, the duration reaches 7 days or more, which is convenient in case of periodic maintenance of the furnace once a week, for example in country houses or baths. For a bathhouse, the possibility of obtaining large short-term powers makes the stove universal, since it allows you to avoid freezing in the intervals between lighting, which significantly saves fuel and heating time for the bathhouse, and it can also provide the main mode for the steam room.
Of course, pyrolysis ovens There are also certain disadvantages, which we will discuss in more detail later.
Schedule 1.
Let us list the features of the pyrolysis combustion regime
1. Long combustion time, which allows the heat flow from the combustion source to reach the heat exchanger and coolant with minimal losses.
2. Low temperature and the specific volume of combustion products, resulting in insignificant heat losses with exhaust gases (heat does not “fly out into the chimney”).
3. Significantly more high quality combustion of fuel, as a multi-stage process known as coal coking occurs (at which it stands out thermal energy) and then the combustion of coke with additional energy release.
In the case of firewood, the same process in the first stage corresponds to the transformation into charcoal, and then further to its combustion.
4. “Inextinguishability” of the furnace. With high tightness, even the weakest combustion can be maintained long time. During operation, it was possible to start the furnace after 24 hours after it had cooled to almost room temperature. This leads to high operational reliability, since it practically eliminates the possibility that the stove goes out if fuel is not accidentally added on time (a delay of up to 3 days is possible). At the same time, the risk of “defrosting the heating system” is significantly reduced.
5. Almost everything burns, even low-grade coals leave a minimum of ash. In this case, there is no need to interfere with the operation of the stove; there is no need to “stoker” it or constantly monitor the combustion process. Even with caking coals, it is enough to break the “crust” once during the next loading.
6. Absence high temperatures and their jumps ensures the durability of the structure (the risk of “burning out” is reduced) and it becomes possible to use inexpensive structural materials.
Schedule 2.
Let's look at the continuous combustion mode using a furnace as an example. PNG-8-150. see Chart 2.
Common to all furnaces of this type is the initial section - the furnace enters the combustion mode. To do this, when igniting, it is necessary to briefly increase the power (regulated by the air supply damper), bringing the stove into the normal combustion mode (see Charts 1 and 2), after which the pyrolysis operating mode is set, which can then be maintained for a very long time (on high-quality fuel, all heating season).
Experimental Tests.
During operation, it turned out that the optimal operating mode is to periodically add fuel - without waiting for its final burnout. With significant negative temperatures, add fuel optimally once a day, see Chart 2 – green curve. At the same time, the time for filling one or two buckets of fuel is minimal, and the power of the stove changes slightly during the process of adding fuel. Power surges are smoothed out by the inertia of the coolant and as a result the temperature is stable.
Power measurements.
At slightly negative temperatures (up to -15C 0), the furnace is reloaded once every 2-3 days.
Various experimental modifications
Disadvantages of pyrolysis furnaces.
The disadvantages of such stoves are the flip side of their advantages. Their essence is the low temperature of the exhaust gases. This creates a number of specific difficulties. The first is the formation of large quantities of condensate, since the pipe is quite cold, and the moisture vapor present in the exhaust gases is completely condensed. In the proposed furnaces, in order to combat this phenomenon, a special condensate accumulator is made, the condensate is then either removed (drained through drain device), or through a special line it again enters the combustion zone - which somewhat reduces the efficiency, but given the significant savings on fuel (in practice, up to 5 times), this pays off by the absence of the need to dispose of the pyrolysis liquid.
The next drawback, associated with the same reason, is the need for careful thermal insulation of the pipe, since freezing of condensate during severe frosts can block its cross-section. To solve this problem, it is necessary to use pipes with high thermal insulation, or use pipes from conventional ovens, most of which (elbow) passes indoors, since then the gases in the pipe warm up enough to eliminate this drawback. Another solution is to select the optimal combustion mode, which gives a sufficiently high temperature of the exhaust gases without loss of pyrolysis.
In the case of using water jackets (for furnaces with a liquid coolant), the possibilities of a long-term combustion mode are limited by the need to maintain the boiler temperature at least 60C 0, otherwise the amount of deposits on the inner wall of the boiler sharply increases, which creates thermal insulation and reduces the efficiency of the furnace. This adjustment of the boiler temperature (regardless of the temperature of the coolant in the system) is carried out either automatically, using a thermostat (like a car), or by shutting off the supply valve from the furnace boiler. This then, in combination with the air supply damper, ensures regulation of the oven power.
To reduce possible consequences and slagging of the boiler, easy access to all elements requiring cleaning is provided; if necessary, cleaning is possible during a short shutdown of the furnace. Cleaning the pipe opening is possible without interrupting the operation of the furnace. Operation, furnaces PNG-5-50 air heating, showed that the stove and chimney require virtually no maintenance for two seasons.
Oven PNG-8-150, like everyone else heating devices on solid fuel, requires off-season maintenance.
06.08.2011 R. Kazakhstan, Astana
Design Bureau Kovcheg tel. (+7) 701 744 96 57e-mail: [email protected]
This effect is associated with an automatic increase in power (thrust) when the ambient temperature decreases.