Ventilation heating of the house. How to make air heating of a private house with your own hands

Liquid thermal insulation- one of the most discussed technologies in modern construction. Manufacturers claim that with its help it is possible to qualitatively insulate surfaces of any type without loss usable area and unnecessary time and physical costs.

The principle of operation of liquid insulation

At its core, this is a high-tech paint with excellent thermal insulation properties. It is also called heat paint. An acrylic binder is used as a base; in addition, the composition contains silicone and/or ceramic calibrated microspheres. The content of microspheres in thermal paint can reach up to 80%. It is thanks to these inclusions that air gaps, providing a thermal insulation effect. The presence of fixatives, catalysts and other additives creates conditions for uniform and easy application as well as high adhesion and durability. In addition, the composition may contain additives that will protect the treated surface from damage by corrosion and mold.

Problems solved by liquid insulation

  • External thermal insulation of the building, as well as facades of houses of complex architectural shape, panel risers, balconies.
  • Internal thermal insulation of walls in cases where the thickness of the insulation is critical.
  • Pipeline insulation, condensate control.
  • Insulation metal roofs, utility buildings, collectors, garages.
  • Protection of window and door openings.
  • Treatment of freezing floors, basements, ceilings.

Advantages of liquid insulation

  • Possibility of application to a base of any configuration, as well as treatment of hard-to-reach places.
  • Minimum thermal conductivity. Partially explained by the porosity of the structure.
  • In 1 day you can treat up to 100 m2 of surface.
  • High resistance to mechanical damage.
  • Reducing heat costs by 25-30%.
  • Insulation does not change appearance facade, so there is no need to coordinate the work with technical supervision.
  • There is no need for complex preparation of the base (just clean the surface from dust).
  • Fire resistance.
  • The total cost of thermal insulation work in comparison with the use of panel and roll materials 30-40% lower.

According to its thermal qualities liquid insulation for walls 1 mm thick is equivalent to block insulation (sheet foam, glass wool, mineral wool) 5-7 cm thick.

The disadvantages of using liquid insulation include:

  • short shelf life
  • sensitivity to transportation conditions,
  • relatively high cost,
  • the lack of specific methods for calculating the thermal conductivity of a material, and, consequently, a possible increase in the consumption of thermal paint, in comparison with the data specified in the instructions.

Types of liquid insulation

The most popular types of liquid insulation today are:

Liquid ceramic thermal insulation is similar in structure to a suspension and is intended for application to wooden, brick concrete bases In addition, it can be used for metal, plastic and plasterboard surfaces to increase their rigidity and provide protection from mechanical damage.

The advantages of ceramic liquid insulation include safety for human health, fire resistance, water resistance, and water resistance. Any type of finishing can be used on top of this composition - wallpapering, plastering, painting. This will not affect the thermal insulation qualities of the material in any way.

Liquid insulation is based on varnish or water, so it is best to apply it in the warm season (at temperatures above +7°C). If it is necessary to treat the surface in winter time year, it is better to give preference to varnish-based formulations.

During the application process, the composition should be stirred every 10 minutes, this will prevent delamination of its structure.

The base on which the liquid insulation will be applied must first be cleaned of contaminants (dust, dirt, rust), and then degreased (if metal processing is to be done).

To apply thermal insulation, it is better to use a foam roller or a wide brush.

To ensure maximum insulating effect, the composition is applied in several layers, the thickness of each of which is no more than 0.5 mm. Each subsequent layer must be applied at intervals of at least 24 hours after the previous layer has dried.

This material is the second most popular among liquid wall insulation materials. In terms of its characteristics, it surpasses mineral wool and polystyrene foam. Foamed and hardened carbide resin is used as the basis of the composition, which significantly reduces the cost of the final product. Liquid penoizol is 2 times cheaper ceramic thermal insulation. This material has been used for quite a long time (since the 30s of the last century), but due to its high cost, it previously enjoyed low popularity. Today, thanks to the implementation latest technologies in its production it became more accessible. Moreover, it can be manufactured directly on the construction site.

Most often, penoizol is used as a “filled” insulation between the internal and external frame wall buildings, however, if necessary, it can be placed on a sheer wall, and in a fairly large layer.

The undeniable advantages of liquid penoizol include high reliability, fire resistance, endurance and durability (about 50 years). Thermal insulation is applied quite simply. After the surface has been cleaned of dust, the foam is poured under pressure, after which it is dried.

  • Liquid (poured) foam

In terms of popularity, this liquid insulation for walls is in third place. High insulating qualities, environmental friendliness, possibility of filling in the most hard to reach places and high strength perfectly explain this fact. Filled foam has a cellular structure and is odorless, which makes it possible to use it for outdoor and internal insulation. High strength The material allows its use in insulating high-rise buildings. In addition, the composition can be produced directly on the construction site.

Liquid foam has significant resistance to destruction caused by microorganisms and fungi and is durable. The porous structure of the material allows the walls to breathe. Filled foam can be used over a wide temperature range. Service life - 60-70 years. The technology for pouring this material is identical to applying liquid penoizol.

The most common brands of liquid insulation

  • Corundum. This is a top seller, distinguished high quality and the corresponding price. Main feature material is the possibility of applying an ultra-thin layer (less than 1 mm) with high resistance to external influences and excellent adhesion.

  • Akterm (on water based– Standard, vapor-permeable on a nitro base – Nord, for brick and wooden walls– Facade, for metal – Anticorrosive). Characterized by high thermal efficiency. In terms of thermal protection, 1 mm of material is comparable to 5 cm of mineral wool. This type of liquid insulation can be used at temperatures -60°-+600°C.
  • Thermomet. The thermal insulation effect of 1 mm of material corresponds to 2.5 cm of polystyrene foam; it can be used for low temperatures(up to -20°C), environmentally friendly, easy to tint.

  • Astratek. It has a fine-porous structure, is environmentally friendly, and has an anti-corrosion effect. Service life reaches 30 years.

Liquid thermal insulation is modern material acrylic or water-based, consisting of hollow ceramic, glass or aluminosilicate microspheres with rarefied air inside, which after the polymerization process forms a dense structure with low thermal conductivity and high degree waterproofing.

Liquid thermal insulation was previously used only to cover the skin of the shuttle, but due to its excellent properties, it has become widely used in Everyday life when performing construction and repair work for thermal insulation and waterproofing of engineering structures and structures.

Let's look in more detail at why liquid insulation is so popular and what its benefits are. competitive advantages before mineral wool, extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam.

Liquid insulation of this class can be used during construction and installation work (construction and installation works), namely:

  1. For insulation of floors, walls and roofs;
  2. To protect the façade from negative impact atmospheric precipitation;
  3. For waterproofing floors in particularly wet areas (bathrooms, car washes, swimming pools, etc.);
  4. For thermal insulation of utilities (hot water supply and heating pipelines);
  5. For sealing interpanel seams in multi-storey panel buildings.

Based on the above list, we can say that liquid thermal insulation can be used in practically all areas, but sometimes this material It is recommended to replace it with an analogue one. Let's consider these cases.

In what cases is it more effective to use another type of insulation?

  1. When building cottage houses, it is better to use mineral wool with a water barrier and a vapor barrier to insulate the roof.
  2. When performing waterproofing in rooms with high humidity It is recommended to use dry mixtures, for example: Ceresit CT65.
  3. When insulating the foundation of a building, it is recommended to use extruded polystyrene foam in combination with mastic-based waterproofing.

The main advantages of liquid thermal insulation

Since liquid thermal insulation is relatively new finishing material in the building materials market, quite a few people still know all the main advantages and advantages, thanks to which this insulation is used in almost all areas, gradually replacing old type insulation materials.

Let's take a closer look at the main advantages of this type thermal insulation.

  • When finishing the façade of a building using liquid insulation, the reduction in heating costs can reach 25-30%.
  • Due to its structure, liquid insulation completely reflects up to 95% of solar and ultraviolet radiation, thereby ensuring coolness in the room in summer period time.
  • When covering engineering systems (water supply, ventilation, air conditioning or heating) with an ultra-thin layer of this class of thermal insulation material, condensation does not form on their surface, which causes corrosion.
  • DIY application is easy to do using a regular roller, brush or spatula.
  • It can be used as an antifungal agent because it does not produce moisture, which is a breeding ground for microorganisms.
  • Can serve as waterproofing since liquid thermal insulation does not allow water to pass through at all.
  • Effective protection even at ultra-high temperatures (up to 220 C) without loss of physical properties.
  • Ideal adhesion to any surface (concrete, brick, plastic, wood, etc.).

Flaws

  • In severe frosts, the slopes in the panel house if applied incorrectly or if the manufacturer's recommendations are not followed.
  • When using TSM Ceramics, cracks may appear on the facade of buildings, since this manufacturer simply moves the dew point and does not protect the house from heat loss at all.
  • Liquid thermal insulation Isollat, Asstratek is prohibited from being applied to the facade, but can only be used for waterproofing metal structures.
  • When water is diluted above the specified standards, the thermal insulation simply flows off the walls.

Major manufacturers of liquid insulation for buildings (structures) or utility networks

Today, very a large number of Manufacturers began to produce ultra-thin liquid thermal insulation. However, many of them sell ordinary paint as liquid insulation. How to do it right choice? Let's look at this issue together and present a rating of the most popular manufacturers of this thermal insulation material.

Liquid thermal insulation Astratek

This material makes Russian company LLC NPP "Termalcom" All products of the concern have appropriate quality certificates and a positive conclusion from the fire service and sanitary and epidemiological station. Liquid insulation Asstratek easily has the consistency of mastic and is easily applied with your own hands to any surface using a roller, sprayer or brush.

  • It is not destroyed when exposed to precipitation because it has hydrophobic properties.
  • There are no “cold bridges” unlike traditional insulation.
  • Non-toxic and meets environmental standards.
  • Does not support combustion, and is completely safe from fire safety.
  • Completely preserves the architecture of the facade and does not steal useful space.

Liquid insulation RE-THERM

The insulation of this class consists of silicone and ceramic microspheres, which are located among a binder based on acrylic and latex. Thanks to this structure, this material has excellent waterproofing properties and at the same time high elasticity and special strength.

The manufacturers of this product promise that the thermal conductivity of 1 mm of RE-THERM liquid insulation corresponds to 5 cm of mineral wool.

  • This liquid insulation can be used on various surfaces starting from concrete and brick and ending with glass and plastic.
  • Demonstrates ideal characteristics in the temperature range from −470 to 250 C.
  • Quick drying, which ranges from 3 to 24 hours.
  • High resistance to various mechanical influences, as well as to ultraviolet and infrared rays.
  • Can be used both outside and inside buildings and structures.

VIOTERM Metal ALLUMA

This type of coating is specially designed for processing metal structures and engineering structures. Thanks to its structure, liquid insulation VIOTERM Metal ALLUMA gives the surface a glossy tint and reliably protects the surface from corrosion.

In addition to the above advantages, this ALLUMA coating perfectly retains heat in hot water supply and heating systems.

  • Used exclusively for processing metal surfaces as waterproofing.
  • Demonstrates effectiveness at temperature environment from −50 C to 250 C.
  • Low consumption, which is only 1 liter per 1 m2 with a layer thickness of 1 mm.
  • When insulating water pipelines for hot water supply and heating systems, heat losses are reduced by 30%.
  • The service life of this coating is 10-15 years.

DIY method of applying liquid thermal insulation

To ensure high-quality application of thermal insulation, the following measures must be taken:

  • Clean the surface from dust and dirt, rust and old paint.

When cleaning metal surfaces from rust, it is necessary to clean the surface until the appropriate metallic gloss appears using special abrasive attachments on an angle grinder. After this, it is recommended to treat the surface with VD-40 to remove various contaminants.

  • Prepare liquid thermal insulation before application.

To do this, it is necessary to dilute a certain amount of thermal insulation material (according to the manufacturer’s information) with distilled water. In most cases, it is recommended to add 3-5% water to liquid insulation.

When stirring liquid thermal insulation using a drill or mixer, maximum amount RPM should be in the range from 150 to 200 rpm. If this number is exceeded, there is a possibility of compromising the integrity of the ceramic microcircuits, due to which the thermal insulation effect is achieved.

  • Perform surface treatment before applying thermal insulation

To do this, you need to use a primer on acrylic base, concrete contact or take liquid thermal insulation material and dilute it in a 1:2 ratio with distilled water. After this, apply the primer to the surface to be treated using a roller or brush and leave for at least 4 hours for the primer layer to dry.

  • Do-it-yourself application of liquid thermal insulation

This stage is performed using a regular brush with natural bristles or using a spray gun. Liquid thermal insulation should be applied in layers, and its thickness should not exceed 0.4-0.5 mm. Complete drying of one layer of thermal insulation occurs after 24 hours, provided that the temperature of the treated surface is not lower than 70 C and the air humidity is not more than 80%.

For achievement maximum effect from thermal insulation, most manufacturers recommend applying the material in at least 3 layers.

When using a spray gun (spray gun) to apply liquid heat-insulating material, the pressure should not exceed 80 Bar, since otherwise the integrity of the ceramic heat-insulating microspheres will be damaged.

Systems organized on the principle of heating with heated air are successfully used for heating workshops, warehouses, administrative buildings, private houses and other facilities.

This type of heating can be carried out different ways and using different equipment. What such systems have in common is the absence of any coolant other than air and auxiliary elements, in particular radiators.

Types of air heating

There are two fundamentally different schemes for this type of heating

Air heating combined with ventilation

Heated air is transferred using elements supply and exhaust ventilation. In this case, the operating parameter is not only the room temperature, but also the specified air exchange rate.

Heat is generated using boilers or gas heat generators. A system of air ducts is connected to them, through which warm air is distributed throughout all areas of the heated premises. The system can be supplemented with filtration, a humidifier, and a recuperator.

Air heating using fan heaters, gas or electric heat guns, convectors

It implements so-called direct heating. One or more devices are installed indoors to generate and distribute warm air. The heated air spreads in a certain direction, gradually mixing with colder air. It is possible to combine such heating with recovery systems.

Regardless of the chosen scheme, preliminary implementation is recommended in any case.

Feasibility of application

It is advisable to use an air heating system in the following cases:

  1. If necessary, as soon as possible organize heating
  2. For heating large premises with complex configuration
  3. If necessary, organize zones with different temperatures
  4. The air heating system can be used as temporary heating during construction, renovation or finishing works. This system can, if necessary, be upgraded to a permanently functioning level. And in the future use it as the main or backup
  5. If the budget is limited, the heat source for air heating is comparable in cost to hot water boilers equal power, and air ducts are much cheaper than pipes, fittings, radiators used in heating systems with liquid coolant

Features of heating with heated air for industrial and production facilities

Organization of air heating combined with ventilation in private residential buildings differs from the implementation of air heating systems for industrial real estate - warehouses, workshops, hangars, repair shops, etc. These differences are associated with the scale of industrial facilities, the large volume of heated spaces, and increased requirements for functionality and reliability.

Let us list these nuances that our specialists usually encounter at industrial facilities:

Currently, air heating of a private house, organized according to the so-called Canadian method, has become quite widespread in frame houses. The thickness of the walls and roofs in them is relatively small; they are not able to retain heat in the house, even taking into account the gasket thermal insulation materials. Traditional with installation of water communications in big houses is often a costly and complex undertaking.

In this case air system heating combined with ventilation may be the most optimal solution with high efficiency. This method of heating home premises has long been successfully used in the USA and Canada.

The principle on which it is built air heating of a private home, is similar to that used when organizing similar systems at industrial facilities. The heat source heats the air flowing through the ducts into all heated rooms.

But there are some peculiarities. Air ducts used in homes, as a rule, have a smaller cross-section compared to air ducts installed in industrial facilities, and in lion's share cases they are laid hidden. They are covered with suspended ceilings, hidden in the space under the floor, behind walls, or decorated to match the design of the premises.

Self thermal equipment, as a rule, this is a household gas or diesel air heater, heat exchanger, filter, humidifier, automation devices, also visually closed.

Another difference from industrial systems- source warm air is located in one of the rooms, while at production facilities it is usually taken out to separate room- boiler room or heat generator room.

The main pros and cons of using air heating technology

The widespread use of air heating technology at various facilities is due to its many advantages. The main ones are:

  • High efficiency. In some systems this value can be close to 90%. For comparison, heating system with coolant has an efficiency of less than 60%
  • Possibility to warm up large area, including in the central areas of the premises
  • Low installation and operating costs
  • Compatibility with the ventilation network. Possibility, subject to connection to a ducted air conditioner, to use the system for cooling in the summer
  • Lack of air heating system coolant liquid, which eliminates the occurrence of emergency situations (frost, leaks)
  • Low level inertia. Warming up of rooms is carried out very quickly
  • The ability to stop the system even in severe frosts without the risk of its failure

But there are obvious disadvantages of these systems, of which we can highlight:

  • Warm air tends to rise upward, so for the most efficient and uniform heating, it is advisable to lay a network of air ducts in the lower part of the room or hide them under the floors. Unfortunately, this is often impossible or very difficult to do, especially at industrial sites.
  • The use of air heating technology can lead to the rise of all the dust that is present in the house on the floor surface. If you do not clean the premises often, the air will be dusty.
  • The complexity of calculations for such a system. In order for air heating to function effectively in a small private house or at a large-scale industrial facility, it is necessary that this system be professionally calculated. These calculations are quite complex and much more complex than the calculations required when organizing a water heating system. They need to take into account many parameters. It is necessary to calculate: heat losses in the premises served, type and required power heat generator, optimal air flow speed, air exchange rate, necessary and sufficient cross-section of air ducts and other specific engineering parameters

Having analyzed the above, it becomes obvious that the air heating system is at the junction of two engineering sections. These sections are heating and ventilation.

Accordingly, the Contractor to whom you entrust the work at your Site must have such specialists or generalists who have experience in calculating, selecting and installing such systems.

It is necessary to take into account that if the air heating system is made with errors, then it will not only fail to cope with its intended purpose - to provide the necessary comfortable temperature V winter period. But it can also be noisy and quite expensive. When laying air ducts hidden, reworking such a heating system that is not working correctly is a very expensive and problematic undertaking.

If you are looking for a contractor for air heating of your private home or industrial facility, we are happy to offer you our services!