What is finishing with a wet facade? Features of the “wet facade” system and installation technology Wet facade insulation system

Insulation of facades wet method(sometimes called “wet facade” insulation) is one of the most popular insulation methods in construction - it is used both in private and high-rise construction (of any number of floors), in the construction of new buildings and the reconstruction of old buildings.

In the article we will list the main stages of installation

A little about the history: wet insulation systems for facades were invented in Germany in the 50s of the last century. Its German name is the WDVS system, or also “light wet method" It began to be widely used in the 70s of the twentieth century. During this period, architects were tasked with solving issues of energy saving in buildings. Every year such requirements are increasing, and if 30 years ago insulation was rare, now it is a necessity.

Features of façade arrangement

Please note that any external insulation walls is correct. Internal insulation used in cases where external for some reason is impossible to implement. More information about this will be written in the article “Options for installing a façade in a private house.”

• the design of your house requires finishing the facade with plaster;
• The walls of your home require additional insulation.

So, let's look at what a wet facade insulation system is.

The wet facade insulation system consists of the following layers

Thermal insulation layer- consists of insulation ( basalt wool or polystyrene foam) (2), an adhesive mixture (3) and dowels (4), with which the insulation is attached to the base. This layer will perform its heat-insulating function only if it is protected from atmospheric influences. The insulation is not structural material, that is, it does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity to attach a decorative and finishing layer to it.

Adhesive reinforcement layer- consists of an adhesive solution (5) and a reinforcing facade fiberglass mesh (6) and a primer (7). The main functions of this layer are to protect thermal insulation from atmospheric phenomena, strengthen mechanical strength thermal insulation, imparting load-bearing capacity to thermal insulation.

Decorative finishing layer- this is decorative plaster, of various textures, painted in different colors.

1 - base; 2 - thermal insulation; 3 - glue; 4 - plastic dowels; 5 - fiberglass mesh; 6 - adhesive solution; 7 - primer; 8 - finishing layer

Materials required for installing a façade insulation system

An important point to consider when purchasing materials is that all materials must be components of one system. And only a specialist can select materials for one system. Therefore, as a rule, materials for facades are sold as a “system” - this is a complex of materials with similar physical characteristics(thermal expansion, water absorption, frost resistance, vapor permeability) and taking into account the chemical processes that occur in the system.

Based project documentation, developed by the designer, the supplier company finalizes the components and assembles materials for the facade, taking into account the technical, climatic, and architectural operating conditions of the buildings.

When designing and constructing a façade and supplying materials, two points must be observed:

Continuity of the thermal circuit (that is, there should be no gaps, breaks, or cracks);

Preserving the vapor permeability of the system cake (a correctly selected system is a system in which each subsequent layer of materials from the inside to the outside has a higher vapor permeability rate, in other words, your house “breathes”).

Choosing insulation for facade finishing

Since insulation has the greatest impact on the cost of 1 m2 of facade, let’s consider the main issues that arise when choosing it.

Important! The thickness of the insulation is calculated by the designer, it depends on climate zone and bases (what material the wall is made of).

The beginning of façade insulation

At what stage of construction is facade work carried out?

• When the roof installation is completed;
• External waterproofing of the foundation has been completed;
• Shrinkage of the house has already occurred;
• Windows, ventilation, air conditioning and other systems have been installed;
• The building has been dried out;
• Weather with a stable above-zero temperature is expected for 2-3 weeks (beginning of autumn or end of spring, facade work “does not like” heat or frost).

Preferred, but not required:

• We completed the initial finishing of the interior walls, concrete works, pouring and screeding floors;
• Installed electrical wiring, alarm, etc.;
• The building is heated (for the cold season).

The main steps will be listed below in order to understand how to insulate a wet facade. Each “system” seller provides installation instructions, taking into account the installation features of this particular system. Don't forget this.

How to insulate a wet facade (facade with cotton wool)

Installation is carried out at a temperature not lower than +5 0 C and not higher than +30 0 C; installation is possible at lower temperatures, subject to the installation of a thermal circuit.

Thermal loop is when in the execution area facade works a temperature is created not lower than +5 0 C, optimally +10 0 C, +15 0 C. It happens like this: scaffolding sewn up with a special reinforced façade film and, using heat guns (heaters), continuously supply warm air into the space between the film and the facade.

During installation, all layers must be protected from precipitation.

Preparatory stage

To carry out the work, it is necessary to install scaffolding with a protective film or mesh (they will protect the facade from the sun and precipitation and prevent pollution of the yard).

The walls must be cleaned of any dirt, old coatings, efflorescence, and fungi.

Assess the surface on which the insulation will be mounted. It should be smooth. Unevenness needs to be leveled out plaster mortar. Permissible wall differences are ± 1 cm per 1 m of length.

Crumbling surfaces are treated with a fixing primer.

Installation of the base profile

Its functions are a leveling element (horizontal alignment of the facade) and protection of the lower part of the insulation slab from external influences.

Applying adhesive composition to thermal insulation boards

Gluing

Produced in the direction from bottom to top, the first row of insulation boards rests on the base profile.

The slabs are installed with a “banding”; outwardly it looks like brickwork.

This is how insulation is installed in the area of ​​windows and doorways:

Fastening the insulating board with dowels

The glue must dry (see installation instructions for time), after which the slabs are secured with dowels. Dowels are selected depending on the base on which installation is carried out.

After that, connections to door and window openings, reinforcement of external corners and reinforcement of the tops of the corners of openings are made.

Construction of the reinforcing layer

Produced one day after reinforcement of corners,

First, create a base plaster layer, 3-4 mm thick.

into which the reinforcing mesh is embedded

After this, a leveling layer is applied

Plaster

An example of calculating the cost of a structure with mineral wool:

This system is based on Ukrainian-made materials.

The price does not include, but you will need: base, corner profile, junction profile, base dowel. Their cost is included in the cost of 1 m2 of facade (see below).

How to insulate a wet facade (facade with foam plastic and EPS)

The sequence of work is similar, but of course there are many nuances associated with installation.

The main thing you need to understand is that these are different systems, with different characteristics, and you need to follow the recommendations of the suppliers of these systems and not replace them with “random” materials. For example, different adhesive mixtures are used for cotton wool and polystyrene foam.

Cost of construction with foam plastic

Cost of 1 m2 of facade with work and materials.

The cost per square meter is an approximate figure, it depends on:

Facade installation conditions;

What materials are used (imported or domestically produced).

The estimated cost of insulating a plaster facade, taking into account materials and work, ranges from 40-55 $/m2 (mineral wool), 33-40 $/m2 (foam plastic).

In addition, we draw your attention to the fact that there are a number of additional works, the cost of which is not included in this figure (installation of a heating circuit, cleaning the area) and they will also require additional costs.

You can estimate your costs for insulation only on the basis of a preliminary calculation of the cost of installation and the system, which will be provided to you by the company performing the work.

• Choose only “systems” with a name on the market, the quality of which is documented;
• Trust the work only to specialists. Correcting errors is much more expensive, it is better to pay professionals.

Important! Specialists must have a number of completed projects and certificates from system suppliers.

How to check the quality of work performed

Of course, it’s not your task to continuously monitor workers, but it’s still worth taking a closer look at such moments and making sure that:

• Conducted preliminary preparation grounds;
• The adhesive composition is applied to the insulation correctly, according to the instructions;
• The insulation is glued evenly;
• The insulation boards are tightly joined to each other;
• The dowels do not protrude above the insulation;
• The reinforcing mesh is not laid on the insulation, but is recessed into the base plaster layer;
• “Breathing” plaster is used; after application it does not crumble;
• The facade is protected from moisture from the window sills and roof;
• The façade is smooth and does not bulge;
• There are no vertical, “spider-web” cracks on the façade, or diagonal cracks in the corners of door and window openings.

According to European standards, the service life of such an insulation system is 25 years.

Repaint it or change the texture of the plaster (re-plaster) if necessary, possibly earlier.

Finishing and insulating facades is a mandatory process that guarantees a warm and attractive home. For this purpose they are used different methods, but the most relevant and interesting choice is considered to be the one in which a wet facade is created, the installation technology of which will be discussed in detail. When forming it, special mortars and thermal insulation materials are used. If you understand well how such a facade is created, then the process can be easily done with your own hands.

What is a wet facade system

The most popular materials used for the construction of various structures are brick, concrete or wall blocks. They produce buildings that have good strength, but do not have excellent thermal insulation parameters, so insulation is an indispensable process. For this, wet facade technology would be an excellent solution.

With the help of the work performed, it is ensured not only high-quality insulation, but also decorative design of private houses. All work is carried out exclusively using specialized building solutions. At the end of the process, the walls are plastered, which guarantees their attractive appearance. appearance.

A distinctive feature of the design is its multi-layer nature, with each layer performing a critical function.

The wet facade consists of the following layers:

Construction layer	Functions it performs
Adhesive	Provides reliable fastening the entire structure
Insulating	Guarantees high-quality insulation of building walls
Reinforcing	Responsible for high strength and reliability of the wet façade, and also creates the basis for light and quick creation next layer
Decorative	Appears in the form plaster coating, protecting thermal insulation materials from external influences and providing beautiful view buildings

When using this technology, it does not decrease effective area premises, since all work is carried out outside.

Advantages and disadvantages

The design has positive and negative parameters, which are carefully studied before direct work. The advantages include:

• reasonable cost;
• light weight, allowing you to create a structure for houses built on light foundations;
• the usable area of ​​residential premises does not decrease;
• thanks to the creation of a wet facade, the installation technology of which is clear and simple, not only the thermal insulation parameters of the building are increased, but also the sound insulation is improved;
• its service life exceeds 35 years;
• the appearance of buildings is improved;
• Simple repair work can be easily carried out if necessary.

However, a wet facade has not only advantages, but also the following disadvantages:

• work can only be carried out when installed outdoors optimal conditions, since it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result at temperatures below 5 degrees, but the solution to this problem will be the use of suitable thermal equipment;
• it is important that all layers dry evenly and gradually, so precipitation or sudden changes in humidity can lead to poor-quality insulation;
• so that during the process of hardening the structure does not get dirt on it, constant protection from the wind is provided, which entails additional waste of time and effort.

This technology ensures the formation of high-quality thermal insulation with minimal investment. Photos of the design are presented in large quantities on the Internet, so you can be convinced of its attractiveness. All shortcomings are easily removable, so this insulation option is chosen very often.

Wet insulation options

Choosing insulation for the structure

The main purpose of a wet facade is to insulate buildings, so a lot of attention is paid to the choice high-quality insulation. It must meet the following criteria:

• small weight;
• environmental friendliness, since the work is performed for a residential building;
• low water absorption rate;
• good resistance to mechanical stress;
• even with a sharp change in temperature, the material should not change its structure;
• installation must be simple and cost low.

Only some thermal insulation materials meet these requirements. These include:

• polystyrene foam - has a specific structure, which contains a huge number of closed air bubbles. It has low cost and is also easy to install. It has a small mass, so it does not affect the foundation and other parts of the structure. Resistant to mold or mildew growth. Its disadvantages include poor breathability. It is also not durable, so even minor mechanical impacts easily lead to its destruction. It is not advisable to use it for wooden buildings;
• expanded polystyrene - is modern variety polystyrene foam In the process of creating a wet facade, preference is often given to polystyrene foam. Its structure also contains numerous closed air bubbles, so it has good thermal insulation parameters and does not allow moisture to pass through. It is resistant to fire and has a low mass. The material is considered unsuitable for wooden houses because it impairs their breathability;
• mineral wool - created using special fibers obtained by melting all kinds of rocks. The material is popular because it contains only natural and environmentally friendly components. Cotton wool is lightweight and affordable. The disadvantages include the lack of resistance to moisture, due to which mineral wool loses its thermal insulation parameters.

Mineral wool is most often chosen for wet facades. It is available in slabs that are easy to attach. To insulate a building using this material you will not need to spend a lot Money.

Styrofoam
Expanded polystyrene
Mineral wool

Wet façade installation technology

Making the design is quite simple if you carefully understand the operating technology. The wet façade is formed in several large stages.

Tools and materials for work

Initially, materials and tools used in the work process are purchased. All of them must be of high quality and reasonable price. These include:

• base profile - it should be equal in width to the thickness of the slab of the selected insulation. Its quantity is calculated depending on the size of the building itself. To connect individual profile elements, appropriate connecting elements. Its fixation is carried out with different dowel nails, the length of which depends on what material the walls of the building are made of;
• primer - necessary for proper preparation walls of the building before creating a wet facade. A primer is also purchased, which is applied to the plaster layer, which ensures its preparation before subsequent decoration;
• mushroom-shaped dowels - used for reliable and final fastening of insulation;
• glue - used in the process of creating a thermal insulation layer, and it must be specifically designed for the selected insulation;
• insulation boards - their required thickness is calculated in advance, since the effectiveness of thermal insulation depends on it. Most often, mineral wool is chosen for a wet facade;
• plaster composition - it provides a protective and reinforced outer layer applied to the thermal insulation;
• reinforcing mesh - the most commonly chosen structure is fiberglass, which is sold in rolls. It is easy to use, and also ensures a durable plaster layer that is resistant to various influences;
• decorative plaster - it guarantees a beautiful and bright appearance of the building facade;
• facade paint - it can be used to paint the walls of a building in any chosen color.

There are special ones on the market complex systems, which includes everything necessary materials and tools used in the process of creating a wet façade. Purchasing such a kit is considered beneficial, but quite often some components are unsuitable for home owners.

Tools for wet façade

Preparing the façade before work

It will be possible to achieve a high result of work only if there is a gap between the wall and the heat-insulating layer. minimum distance. Therefore, attention is paid to high-quality preparation of the facade.

Initially, the surfaces are checked for the presence of any unevenness and other defects, which are certainly eliminated with suitable building solutions. Since glue is used in the process, it is important to clean the walls from dirt or dust.

Cleaning the surface of façade walls

Old coatings must be removed, and for this purpose mechanical or thermal methods can be used, which involve heating the base construction hairdryer or other equipment. The presence of moss or mold on the walls is not allowed, so if they are found, they must be cleaned off, after which the base is treated with an antiseptic. The areas near each window of the building are especially checked, since this is where the main defects of the walls may be. Also, all elements are removed from the base drainage system or other objects that will interfere with the work process. Next, a primer is applied to the base using a roller and brushes. It is important to avoid omissions, as this will negatively affect the fastening of the insulation.

Primer of walls

Base profile device

To attach it, a zero line is initially drawn on the walls, which is marked exclusively using a laser. It is important that it is perfectly level, since it determines how high-quality, even and reliable the wet façade will be. The line that you will have to focus on when creating a thermal insulation layer should be 30 cm lower than the floor level in the building. This will ensure that there are no cold bridges in the structure.

Base profile

The base profile is required to perform the following functions:

• Smooth mounting is guaranteed insulating material;
• protection is provided mineral wool from below from moisture and dirt.

If there are slight unevenness on the surfaces, then in the process of fixing the profile, special plastic linings are used to compensate for the curvature of the base, and also allow the structure to be pressed tightly. The fastening is done end-to-end, with space between the individual sections. short period, not exceeding 3 mm. Special connecting elements are used in the corners.

Stages of installation of the base profile

Installation of the thermal insulation layer

For wet facade excellent choice considered mineral wool. It comes in the form of slabs that are easy to fix. The whole process is divided into stages:

• To attach the insulation, glue is used, which is diluted with the right amount water in accordance with the instructions supplied by the manufacturer. The solution is stirred with a construction mixer to obtain a homogeneous mixture of optimal consistency;
• the composition is applied to the insulation boards in two approaches, since initially a small amount of it is rubbed into the elements, and then an even and fairly thick layer is created;
• a slab coated with glue is applied to the desired section of the wall, after which it is pressed quite firmly and tightly. It is recommended to move it a little to distribute the glue evenly. When working near a window where the slope is located, it is important to ensure careful fixation. If excess appears, it will be immediately removed with a spatula;
• When using the next element, it is important to ensure that all the plates are pressed against each other very tightly. Significant gaps are not allowed;
• The material is fastened in successive rows, and work begins from a pre-selected angle. In this case, the seams are certainly shifted to prevent the formation of cold bridges.

The first row is laid in strict accordance with the pre-fixed starting profile. Mineral wool is cut special knife, and during work it is important to constantly use measuring equipment to prevent possible deviations and distortions.

The prepared adhesive solution is applied to the insulation boards
The first row of insulation is carefully attached with glue to the base profile
Additional fastening of insulation using dowels

Applying a plaster layer with reinforcement

A wet facade is created without fail with the formation of a special reinforced layer of plaster. The mixture is usually sold dry, so it must be diluted with water before use.

Work begins with each window in the building, since these areas are considered the most difficult. As a rule, special corners for slopes are used here. After forming the optimal thickness of the plaster layer, a reinforcing mesh is used, which is embedded in the solution. It should not touch the mineral wool, but should be in plaster mixture. A special corner equipped with mesh strips is used in the corners.

Reinforcing mesh

The mesh is laid overlapping to obtain a strong reinforcing layer. If necessary, trim excess material.

After the solution has set, another layer of plaster is applied. The second layer is rubbed down, after which you can cover it with a primer, and then paint the resulting structure with high-quality facade plaster or paint.

The reinforcing mesh is attached with an overlap
The mesh is pressed into the plaster layer

Common mistakes when creating a wet facade

The work is not difficult to complete, but often the quality of the result is poor. This is due to the following errors:

• the base was not prepared or a poor-quality primer was used;
• the reinforcing mesh was laid end-to-end, not overlapping;
• the thermal insulation layer does not adhere tightly to the walls of the house;
• plaster with a high vapor permeability was used;
• ebb tides installed incorrectly.

What are the dangers of improper installation of a wet facade?

To avoid these mistakes, it is important to use quality materials and strictly follow the instructions. Thus, wet facades, the installation technology of which is described above, are considered an excellent solution for any building. The design has many advantages, does not require investing a lot of money and is easy to create with your own hands. High-quality insulation of the house is ensured, and its appearance is also improved.

Video

We suggest watching a video that will help you understand how to properly make such a facade.

I have already written about wet façade technology 3 times, after I went through the work of insulating a house using the VWS (expanded polystyrene) system of one Astrakhan specialist“from the company” with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into it so as not to ruin the sowing season from the word “completely.” To make it easier to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of wet facade technology:

• what kind of insulation to use for a wet facade, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, what kind of reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., you can read about all this;
• what insulation thickness to choose, 50 or 100mm, read;
• how to make a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never too much good information, and even more so for work that is sensitive to adherence to technology, which is the wet facade insulation technology. I decided that spreading good information would benefit everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade according to the system VWS Ceresit/ (c) Ceresit

I highlighted some points to draw your attention. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requires attention, blue is of general importance.

Regulations for insulation work and finishing of facades using the Ceresit system

Let us outline the main stages of work:

1. Installation scaffolding.
2. Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers.
3. Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Installation of a temporary starting profile to begin gluing the insulation.
4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings.
5. Gluing insulation with simultaneous alignment of the façade planes onto polymer-cement or polyurethane glue Ceresit.
6. Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam.
7. Sanding the insulation planes according to the 3-meter rule.
8. Installation of dowels.
9. Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue.
10. Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer cement glue and facade fiberglass mesh.
11. Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16.
12. Application of Ceresit decorative plaster.
13. Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, it is necessary to properly install the scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from the outer wall equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

To anchor scaffolds, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other designs that make it possible to reduce the number of fastening points passing through the thermal insulation system being installed. In areas where scaffolding must be directly attached to an external wall, the anchor anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from entering the insulating layer. For ease of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed around the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers

Preparation of the construction foundation should include the following operations:

• mechanical cleaning of the base from residues mortar, pollution (dust, chalk, etc.)
• mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, mosses, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of the affected areas with the antifungal agent Ceresit CT99, work performed in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 can;

• checking the bearing capacity of the foundation;
• removal of crumbling and weak areas of the base;
• filling defects in the base surface more than 10 mm deep with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

• treating the base with a universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with cellular concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slot blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, priming should be done with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2, application should be done with a sprayer and spray gun);

• mechanical application of primer using a machine:

Mechanical application of Ceresit CT 16 primer.

• rust removal and treatment with anti-corrosion primer metal parts covered by a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with strings, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Setting a temporary starting profile.

Weighting of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and select the thickness of the insulation to level it.

In the four extreme corners of the façade plane, scraps of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are driven in, two on top and two on the bottom. Laces are tied to the upper fittings on the right and left at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, they can be installed with a deviation from the vertical in one direction or another, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. The laces are secured with a sliding drawstring.

A final check of the plane is carried out, an as-built diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. At different points of the facade, the actual distance from the lace to the insulated surface is measured with a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After this, an analysis of the results is carried out; if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing; in others, thicker insulation will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be selected according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS = DISTANCE BETWEEN THE LACES AND THE INSULATED PLANE – 10mm.

After hanging the facade with strings, a temporary starting profile is installed. This is a board or block with a flat top edge 40-50mm thick, so that the first row rests on it thermal insulation boards, glued to the facade. It is usually installed under the first row of “L”-shaped insulation sheets under the bottom row of windows.

A temporary starting profile is installed.

4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation should extend onto the window frame by at least 15-20 mm to prevent a cold bridge. The abutment element with the mesh is glued to the window frame with three sides, top, right and left.

5. Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.

The insulation is glued using cement or polyurethane foam glue or foam adhesive.

As practice shows, gluing with Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrey.

Application of cement adhesive Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85

Applying cement adhesive CeresitCT 83, CeresitCT 85 to polystyrene foam is carried out as follows, applying bumps and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the heat-insulating board in the design position, the adhesive contact area must be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

STICKING ON SINGLE BUGS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

See below for why you can’t glue foam plastic to bloopers.

Applying Ceresit CT 83 glue with a 10-12 mm comb:

Application of adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84

Application of polyurethane foam adhesive, adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84 is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED LOOP:

Video of gluing insulation onto Ceresit Ct 84 foam

Applying cement adhesive to a mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool slab is pre-primed Ceresit glue CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, the glue is pressed with force into the surface of the mineral wool board:

or using the edging method with Easter cakes (lyapukhi), NOTE as a note after the photos.

Applying glue only with lyapukhi (Easter cakes) is a gross violation of technology. This is how a ventilated façade is made from insulation. In this case, air does not play the role of insulation. Mentioned this You can also watch the video right here:

If they blame you for bullshit and tell you “everything will be fine”, kick them in the face specialists, or better discuss this in advance.

Strive to ensure that the gluing is on the comb, i.e. care should be taken to ensure that the façade is evenly plastered before work on façade insulation begins.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed on the side adjacent to the facade on which the glue will be applied. Trimming polystyrene foam is done using a bow saw - this tool is popularly called “Goat”. Cutting edge made of nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 Watt.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene by thickness, filmed during training of the customer’s team of workers:

Video of cutting a foam sheet to thickness using a “goat”.

You can also trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with a fine tooth, or sand it with an emery grater.

Gluing polystyrene foam with Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

Entire sheets of insulation are installed at the corners of window and door openings, since they are stress concentrators, this helps to avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade in the future.

Gluing usually starts from the bottom “G” section.

The minimum step for the G-shki is 200mm.

When gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, the three-meter rule.

Gluing expanded polystyrene onto CeresitCT 84 foam

Gluing to CeresitCT 84 adhesive foam is done using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion; in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can begin installing the base reinforcing layer.

6. Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam

After gluing is completed, after 72 hours using cement-containing adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can begin caulking the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the gaps between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting homogeneous foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. To do this, the seam is pierced mounting gun the trigger is pulled all the way to the base, to the wall, and at the same time the pistol is pulled out. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50mm.

The permissible slot width is up to 12mm (The figure is not exact, subject to verification, if anyone knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets on a construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues the sheets of expanded polystyrene together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the insulation planes according to the three-meter rule

Sanding is done using a plywood grater measuring 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with sandpaper glued to it with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm). This sanding allows you to smooth out small irregularities that occurred when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the glued sheets and due to errors during gluing. Small graters should absolutely not be used on large surfaces, since small graters create unevenness and depressions when sanding.

Video of sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video of the final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

Dowels additionally secure the insulation sheets to the facade; they are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the slab and the rest at the joints of the slab with neighboring slabs.

Or one “star” in the middle and four dowels in the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

• Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
• Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the insulated wall is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the insulated wall is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slotted brick, multi-slotted blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

The top of the dowel must be carefully coated with CeresitST 85 or ST 190 glue; the coating is done after the final sanding of the surfaces to the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue

The construction of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal gussets at the corners of window and door openings. We must not forget that before installing the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, and forcefully press the glue into the surface of the mineral wool.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of polystyrene foam

10. Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is made using polymer cement adhesive Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 and facade fiberglass mesh 165 g/m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the gussets, a base reinforcing layer is installed on the main planes. CeresitCT 85 glue is applied to the surface of polystyrene foam with a metal float, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is embedded in the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. The minimum overlap of roll on roll is 100 mm, rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, re-stretching and puttying is done, this is done in order to level out the unevenness and hide the mesh in a layer of Ceresit ST 85 glue.

The installation of a base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool slab is carried out similarly.

Before work, we re-inspect the mineral wool surface for the presence of “corks” - inclusions of pieces of metal and droplets of binder. All “kings” must be removed. In the presence of kings big size sections of the mineral wool slab are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After this, we proceed to priming the mineral wool board with Ceresit CT 190 cement glue. The surface of the mineral wool board is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, apply the glue with a metal float, press it into the structure of the mineral wool, remove the excess by scraping off. Afterwards, we wait for the glue to dry completely and inspect the surface. In some places where mineral wool board turned out to be non-uniform, we will see the primer layer blistering; it moves away from the base, seizing in non-uniform mineral wool fibers. In these areas, we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, and if necessary, repeat again.

WE MUST OBTAIN A HOMOGENEOUS MINERAL WOOL SURFACE COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND LAMPS WITH DEVIATIONS OF 4-6 MM FOR A RULE OF THREE METERS

Next, a base reinforcing layer is made. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the glue-primed surface and a façade fiberglass mesh is embedded into it. The overlap of roll on roll is at least 100 mm. There are corresponding marks on the rolls of Facade fiberglass mesh that make it easy to track this.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but cannot be less!

After drying, the base is re-upholstered with liquid glue to remove minor irregularities and completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16

When the base reinforcing layer has completely dried, at least 72 hours after the last re-upholstery, you can begin applying the quartz primer Ceresit ST 16. The Ceresit ST 16 primer is applied with a paint brush, a wide brush, or a flute. The primer can be white, not a tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of decorative plaster Ceresit

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal plaster and rubbed with a plastic float. This applies to decorative plasters with bark beetle textures CeresitCT 64, CeresitCT 63, CeresitCT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

For decorative elements pebble decorative plaster textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied by spraying using a spray gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS/WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades that are warm, economical and comfortable to live in at home.

• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
• Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on materials from ForumHouse user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps someone will say that he lobbies the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, following technology and selling quality goods is not a sin; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, be it Kraisel or something else.

Modern construction industry successfully uses new ones technological developments and building materials. Buildings that were built not so long ago look elegant, beautiful and neat.

In addition to aesthetic parameters, it is worth noting quality indicators. Houses can last a very long time and perfectly withstand the negative influences of the environment.

Especially beautiful design obtained when used for finishing the facade.

It makes the building attractive, insulates it and protects it from wind, moisture, and mechanical influences. Let's consider this issue in more detail, study which ones are suitable for finishing and how to organize the work of applying plaster to the walls.

Wet plaster got its name not because of its strange appearance, but because special finishing materials are used to perform the necessary work. Compositions for creating such a design contain a large number of water.

This technology came to Russia from countries Western Europe, in the early 70s and gradually gained popularity among the population. Let's consider what advantages and disadvantages experts note in such compositions.

The following points can be highlighted as advantages:

• applying plaster can be done with your own hands, since this work does not require special skills or special abilities;
• the facade can be painted in any color at the request of the artist;
• financial costs for the purchase of the composition and additional materials minor;
• this technology can be used for finishing a building of any level of complexity;
• plaster can withstand any load, including the placement of stands and other signs.

Based on these advantages, you can add the composition to the list of high-quality and practical materials, however, you should not forget about some of the disadvantages that also exist.

First of all, it is important to remember that plaster can absorb a lot of moisture and therefore needs additional protection from negative impact external environment. If you neglect this advice, the finished coating may warp and become deformed. The most correct action in this situation would be to organize waterproofing.

You should also remember that the plaster will be applied to the insulation in the form of or, so it must be taken into account that the thickness of the insulation should be no more than 150 kg per cubic meter, otherwise the plaster will crack after drying. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the structure and ensure a long service life, finishing materials should be used that will have the necessary technical characteristics.

Which is better, dry or wet plaster?

The first and most important difference between the compositions is the finishing procedure. For dry plaster the base is plasterboard, so this method least labor-intensive and costly.

Wet plaster requires more time to apply the composition and significant physical costs.

This finishing method, such as wet plaster, is suitable even for walls suffering from high levels of humidity. The plaster absorbs condensation and moves the dew point outside the house.

The interior remains dry and warm. The microclimate improves significantly. Dry plaster is more suitable for finishing walls inside a building, because it does not have improved technical characteristics and does not tolerate exposure to low temperatures.

Both plasters are used to finish an already prepared facade, since the thickness of the coating should not exceed 5 mm. In addition, the walls must be covered with special mixtures and plaster. This will ensure a smooth surface and maximum adhesion to the putty. both mixtures can be used as finishing mixtures, since they are used for the final finishing of the outer surface of the walls of various structures and buildings.

Material Specifications

The method, called wet plaster, has many advantages, especially in situations where the walls are very wet and it is not possible to use dry plaster. This material easily absorbs moisture, which ensures dryness, warm microclimate indoors.

The main feature that arises when working with wet plaster is the organization of multi-layer finishing. Each layer has its own thickness. The standard finishing layer looks like: a layer of mineral wool, a base layer of plaster, fiberglass mesh and or.

If the performer wants to provide more high level thermal protection, wet plaster can have different thickness, just like all other layers. If there is also a problem with wet soil near the house, then additional finishing is also required for the basement of the house.

Despite the fact that applying wet plaster requires a lot of effort and is accompanied by dilution of dirt, this technique has many positive characteristics:

• versatility - suitable for any surface;
• has an affordable price - you can choose the composition within the approved budget;
• ease of use - you can do the work yourself;
• strength and solidity - the material is practically resistant to external influences and with its help you can create a solid coating that is perfect for subsequent finishing;
• moisture resistance – the composition protects the walls from the negative effects of moisture.

Each of these qualities makes wet plaster universal and practical material . In addition to these characteristics, indicators such as elasticity and ease of application of the material should also be noted.

When choosing putty, you need to take into account the type of binder, its cost and manufacturer. It is best to purchase finishing from trusted companies, as this guarantees high quality of the finished product.

Preparing the wall for application

Before proceeding with the direct application of the composition to the facade of the building, it is necessary to prepare the walls for this work. Generally, preparatory work are quite simple and can be done even by a beginner.

The following activities will be required:

• on initial stage you should evaluate the condition of the facade and determine in which places there are irregularities that need to be removed;
• after assessment, it is necessary to clean the walls from existing contaminants, from garbage, old plaster, if any;
• in places that need additional restoration, it is necessary to place a plaster solution;
• if the wall surface can easily absorb moisture, then additional finishing should be done in the form of priming. This will prevent the development of mold and mildew;
• In the area of ​​doors and slopes, it is necessary to remove old plaster.

NOTE!

All slabs used for facade insulation are fixed with glue. It is very important to make sure that the insulation is securely fastened and can withstand next stage finishing.

Important preparatory stage is on the facade. This event is carried out three days after the installation of thermal insulation. To do this, you first need to apply an adhesive composition, lay a reinforcing mesh on it and cover it with a special layer of plaster. After drying, the walls are ready for finishing with wet plaster.

Installation of the base profile

When the surface is prepared for further finishing, a profile strip should be installed, which will protect the walls from moisture absorption in the first row of insulation, and also to ensure that the heat insulation slabs lie as evenly as possible.

The profile strip is fastened in the basement and self-tapping screws and dowels are used for this purpose. Fastening elements are attached in increments of 20 cm. It is important to consider that the height from the ground should be no more than 0.4 meters. The gap between the slats is 3 mm. To protect the corners of the structure, it is recommended to use a special corner profile.

Application technology

All previously applied layers will dry within a week, after which it is necessary to apply an outer layer of putty. The composition is applied to the prepared reinforcement and a finishing finish is used for this purpose. mortar, used for outdoor work. Additionally, a special adhesive composition can be used if decorative finishing is planned to be applied in the future.

After the 3-7 days required for the applied layers to dry, you can begin to apply the leveling layer. There are several subtleties of applying plaster that can play an important role in the construction of façade finishing. If the facade is exposed to excessive moisture, then it is worth using mineral wool instead of insulation, because it perfectly resists the development of mold and mildew.

Sometimes, wet plaster is applied in a thick layer and is heavy. This is necessary to reduce heat loss. It is the thickness that plays a big role in this case. The first layer of plaster is applied with a thickness of at least 20-30 cm. It is important that the insulation layer should also be thick.

Of course, the mass of the finishing in this case is very large, so additional fixing dowels, hooks and a base strip are used.

The protruding reinforcing mesh must be covered with a special adhesive composition 5 mm thick. Then the mesh should be reapplied and applied last layer at 20-30 mm.

The final finishing must be done in two layers.

If the soil is very wet, then it is necessary to additionally finish the base of the walls, using a special non-absorbent and moisture-resistant material. Before starting to apply the leveling layer, it is recommended to saturate the surface of the walls with a primer with antiseptic properties.

Useful video

Master class on applying plaster with your own hands:

Conclusion

In recent years, wet plaster has become popular and used for finishing buildings. The facade of the building, decorated in this way, has a beautiful appearance and is particularly durable.

The important thing is that wet plaster perfectly absorbs moisture and acts as an additional protective agent from the negative influence of the external environment - from rain, moisture, wind. Using such finishing material, you can extend the life of the building by several years and achieve a beautiful effect. Wet plaster lasts for a very long time without bursting or deforming.

In contact with

Frame house. But for exterior work, in addition to the traditional design with lathing and a ventilated gap, only one technology is used. We are talking about a “wet” facade. It got its name because technological features installation

Features of a wet facade

The final finishing of a wet façade is a “pie” made of several materials, sequentially laid on wall cladding or DSP. IN general view it looks like this:

• a layer of adhesive composition on the base;
• thermal insulation material;
• glue;
• reinforcing mesh;
• glue;
• facade plaster;
• paint (if necessary).

All these Construction Materials easy to use, so you can handle the installation of the facade on your own.

But is it worth choosing this option? exterior finishing For frame house? Assessing the advantages and disadvantages will help answer this question.

Advantages and disadvantages of technology

A wet facade is fundamentally different from a ventilated one. This applies not only to the structure of the wall “pie”, but also to its operational properties.

To the advantages of technology can be attributed:

• Effective heat saving by minimizing the number of “cold bridges”. In a ventilated structure, they are formed by a large number of fastening elements of the sheathing.
• Saving money and time.
• Aesthetic appearance of the house.
• Additional insulation, high-quality sound and vapor insulation of walls.
• Reducing the load on the foundation.

There are also disadvantages to insulating the façade using the wet method. They are related to the conditions for laying materials and applying adhesives. So, permissible temperature air During operation, temperatures should not be lower than +5 °C, and humidity should not exceed 40%.

If these conditions are not met, there is a high probability that the glue and plaster will dry unevenly. This will negatively affect the quality of the final coating and its service life.

Materials for wet facade

The competent installation of a wet facade using insulation, the technology of which is quite simple, is largely based on making the right choice materials.

Polystyrene foam or mineral wool in the form of rigid slabs are used as insulation. They prevent the formation of condensation and retain heat well.

Wherein polystyrene foam loses to mineral wool in terms of environmental friendliness and flammability, but surpasses it in ease of use, price, and durability. It is also not subject to shrinkage during the use of the house.

Please note: when choosing slab insulation, its thickness is important. It is calculated based on climatic conditions and the insulating characteristics of frame walls.

To reinforce the wet facade, alkali-resistant fiberglass mesh is used.

The best option for fixing foam plastic is foam adhesive in balloons. It is also called liquid foam. It sets quickly, does not allow heat to pass through, and is resistant to moisture. The only disadvantages include the high price.

An alternative is universal facade adhesive in dry form. For better adhesion, it is sealed with a primer of the same brand. But it is better to fix mineral wool with a special reinforcing glue.

Installation of a wet facade on a frame house

Installation of a wet facade of a frame house involves the sequential performance of a series of works, taking into account the characteristics of the materials used. If you don't want to invite outside experts, make sure you have several reliable assistants.

Preparatory work stage

Wet façade – good decision for a frame house being built from scratch. The wall cladding, which is the basis for laying insulation, has a smooth and clean surface. It doesn't even need to be primed. However, some preparatory work is still needed.

To glue the insulation layer, the surfaces of the base and walls are clearly demarcated. This is done using a special profile L-shaped. The short side (perforated) is attached to the wall with dowels, maintaining a pitch of 300 mm. The long side serves as a support and limiter for the thermal insulation boards, so it should not be less than their thickness.

Please note: during installation the profile is aligned horizontally using a building level.

Instructions for laying insulation

With the exception of a few points, the technology for installing a wet facade using foam plastic and mineral wool is the same.

The fundamental difference lies in the application of the adhesive composition. Adhesive foam is applied to the foam along the perimeter of the slabs, 20-30 mm away from the edges, and in the middle - pointwise. Reinforcing adhesive is applied to mineral wool slabs in a continuous layer using a notched trowel. Spot distribution of the composition is unacceptable due to the large weight of the insulation.

After applying the glue, the insulation board is pressed against the wall and tapped. First row placed close to the starting. Each subsequent one is fastened so that the joints between the slabs are “spaced apart”, by analogy with brickwork. In this case, the evenness of the rows is checked using a building level.

The foam sheets fit together quite tightly, but if gaps form somewhere, they can be covered up adhesive composition or fill with foam.

After the glue has completely dried, additional fixation of the insulation is performed using plastic disc-shaped dowels. Their length is equal to the thickness of the insulating material plus 55-60 mm.

Laying the reinforcing layer

Before installing the reinforcing mesh, cover the dowel heads with an adhesive solution and building level check the evenness of the thermal insulation layer. After this, they begin to strengthen the corners.

Their surface is covered with a layer of glue, in which a fiberglass mesh and a metal corner profile are embedded on top of it. Then the glue is evenly distributed over the surface of the insulation. Optimal thickness layer – 3 mm. Both a construction float and a wide spatula are suitable for the job.

A reinforcing mesh is placed on the adhesive layer in the direction from bottom to top. At the junction of the canvases, an overlap of 100-120 mm is made. All cells must be completely recessed into the glue, and any irregularities must be eliminated.

For finishing On the exterior walls, another layer of adhesive is applied on top of the fiberglass mesh. Its thickness should be 2-3 mm.

Finishing of the facade

You can also do the final finishing of a wet facade with plaster yourself. To do this, the base layer and adhesive layer are allowed to dry completely. Then a layer of primer is applied to it, which improves adhesion between the final and base coats.

After priming the wall also must dry. Depending on the solution used, this may take 5-8 hours.

Facade plaster can be purchased either in the form of a ready-made solution or in the form of a dry mixture that needs to be mixed with water. It is applied in a layer whose thickness is about 5 mm. The manufacturer reflects the nuances of working with a specific material in the instructions for use.

Designing wall openings is one of the most difficult stages of work. And here it is important to pay attention to the following:

• For fire safety purposes, cuts are made of non-combustible mineral wool along the perimeter of the openings. They must have a width of at least 200 mm, and a thickness equal to the thickness of the main insulation.
• In slabs thermal insulation material cut holes equal to the perimeter of the openings along the slopes.
• It is better not to glue insulation along window and door openings, but to blow out the formed cracks with polyurethane foam.
• The joints of the insulating material must be at a distance of at least 150 mm from the slope.

Taking these nuances into account is the key to fire safety in your home and efficient drainage from its outer walls.

Thus, wet facade technology - good decision for those who want to economically insulate the external walls of the house without losing their aesthetics.

Video: technology and subtleties of installation