Installation of a soft roof at subzero temperatures. Installation of flexible shinglas tiles (TechnoNIKOL shinglas)

Roofing work is carried out at external temperatures down to -20°C, and in the Far North up to -30°C.

12.1. BASE DEVICE

At negative temperatures screeds are installed from prefabricated or monolithic asbestos-cement and cement-sand slabs. Work with solutions without antifreeze is allowed down to -10°C. Tash antifreeze or sodium carbonate salts are recommended in cement-sand mortars, in which soil sand is replaced by expanded clay.

The solution is placed heated to 60°C, excluding additional transfer from the bone to the container. The solution is delivered in closed tanks, preferably thermally insulated. The longer the solution is exposed to open frost before work is carried out, the worse the quality of the coupling will be.

After installing the screeds, priming (in the amount of 600 g/m2) and covering with an insulating layer are immediately carried out.
When installing asphalt screeds, the steep fractions of the mineral filler are replaced with sand.
Before laying, the mixture is heated using heating elements to the operating temperature of the asphalt concrete mixture.
The mixture is laid in 4x4 m squares along verified slats with a thickness 1.5 times greater than the thickness of the screeds at a positive temperature. Heating the surface and the laid mixture allows it to be better leveled. The surface of the screeds is primed with bitumen primers (800-1000 g/m2), liquefied in a slowly evaporating solvent and heated to 40-50°C.
In winter it is allowed to replace cement-sand screeds asphalt concrete over rigid and semi-rigid insulation, which will significantly reduce the quality of the roof. In general, in extreme cases, a large-sized assembly is used instead of a monolith. A little solvent is added to hot mastics to reduce the liquefaction temperature. The seams between the slabs are filled with a mixture of liquefied bitumen and corrugated filler. Screeds must be primed immediately.

Thermal insulation

Thermal insulation is laid from slabs sorted by thickness on a leveled base. The leveling layer underneath is made of coarse sand or granulated slag. The joints are sealed with mastic (bitumen + asbestos) or a mixture of liquefied bitumen with corrugated filler.
Monolithic thermal insulation can only be constructed from bitumen-perlite slabs, connected to each other on site by melting the edges.

12.2. ROOF CONSTRUCTION

The base is cleared of ice (you can use the SO-YU7A machine).
For gluing, cold mastics are preferred. For deposited materials, a burner (propane-butane) is used.
Rolled materials are rolled out in a warm room and kept before gluing at a temperature of 20-25°C for 24-28 hours, rolled up and placed in 5-7 rolls in a heat-insulated container.

They are glued by melting the bitumen layer. First, it is advisable to apply a primer (800 g per m2) to the base.
After it dries (until the film stops coming off), try on the panel on the gluing strip along the chalk line. Bend the panel 0.5 m, use a burner to melt the covering layer of the bent part (or apply hot mastic to the base of the gluing area) and manually press the carpet to the base.
Next, the unglued roll is rolled up, slightly heating its outer surface with a burner to avoid breakage. After this, put the roll on the roll stacker and lay it as usual (warming up both the carpet and the base on which it is laid). The roller is used to press it to the base.

The overlaps and the carpet itself are rolled 3-4 times with a weighted roller (90 kg).
Important! Before melting the cover layer on the gluing line, it is necessary to adjust the burner torch, tilt and up to the panel so that the cover layer softens to a viscous-fluid state, warming up to 160-180°C.
An indicator of overheating is a roll of mastic in front of the sheet being rolled out and, which is completely unacceptable, yellow mastic vapors.
Connection to vertical surfaces:

After cutting and marking, the panel is bent into 2 parts, the length of which corresponds to the length of the vertical and horizontal gluing sections. Then, with a burner, the covering layer is softened into parts glued to the vertical surface, while simultaneously heating (or priming with bitumen) the vertical surface itself. The carpet is pressed and thoroughly rubbed.
The horizontal surface is also glued in the same way.
A protective layer is installed in the warm season.
Working with hot mastic in winter is impractical.
Possible to use polymer additives and solvents (5-7%). It is better to replace mineral fillers with a solution of polyisobutylene (3-5%).

Short-term (10-15 min) overheating of mastics is allowed (bitumen - above 160-180°C, tar - above 140-160°C by 10-20°C).
To install roofs at an external temperature of -20°C, mastic is applied in small areas of no more than 0.5 m2 (for example, 1 × 0.5 m), quickly leveled with rakes and the carpet is pulled on. Any overlap in winter should be at least 10 cm.
It is more rational to use cold mastics in winter, for example, bitumen-latex-kukersol.
Before application they are heated to 70-80°C. The cloth must also be kept indoors. A roll is rolled out over the primed base, applying heated cold mastic to the carpet and base using spray rods. When pressing, it is necessary to monitor the longitudinal overlap. When pasting upper layers The mastic is applied only to the underlying layer and carefully pressed against the panels of the lower layers.

Rolling is carried out after laying all layers at least 3 times with a weighted roller. It is advisable to postpone gluing the upper layers until the warm season, gluing 2 emergency lower layers.
When installing mastic roofs (reinforced and non-reinforced), cold asphalt mastics with antifreeze or hot bitumen are used, fiberglass reinforced. The use of emulsions is unacceptable (at temperatures below -5°C).

Antifreeze (ethylene glycol or methyl alcohol up to 15% by weight of the paste) is introduced into cold water mastics in a warm room. The mastic is delivered to the roof heated to 40°C and immediately applied to the base, leveling with rakes, controlling the thickness of the layer. With mastic hot bitumen roofing, they work similarly to rolled materials on hot bitumen mastic, where the rolled material is fiberglass, but after it is laid and pressed (with a roller with a shell mesh), an additional layer is applied on top of the panel until the fiberglass cells are completely impregnated.

Previously device and repair soft roof were strictly limited to seasonality, since both main roofing materials - bitumen and roofing felt - are powerless in frost. Bitumen quickly cools, loses its plastic properties, and when working with it in winter, it is necessary to introduce plasticizers. Roofing material cracks in the cold, the rolls do not completely roll out, becoming constrained and formed in waves.
All developments roofing materials were aimed at improving their properties at low temperatures, so that work on soft roofing could be carried out all year round. Soft roofs usually imply a large-scale structure; most industrial, civil and residential buildings of large area are equipped with a soft roof. And stops in large-scale construction related to the time of year are equally disadvantageous for both the customer and the contractor. Man is accustomed to struggling with difficulties and subjugating nature to his will, and he has succeeded in this now.

In addition, in winter it may be necessary to carry out repair work for a number of reasons: leaks were discovered a long time ago, but did not get around to it in the summer. Over the winter, damage will increase even more, undermined by frosts and thaws, and with the onset of persistent heat, the roof will lose its main function - waterproofness.
In winter, the most important operation is drying and warming the base. And before installation - uniform and sufficient heating of the roofing materials.
And here, whether you like it or not, you will have to depend on the weather: in snowfall, rain or a sharp thaw, as well as in very severe frost, you will not work.

When laying overlay materials in winter using propane torches, only a virtuoso roofing master can guarantee an excellent coating. Usually the same heating roll! unevenly, like the base; due to the low temperature, the laid layer cools too sharply; sometimes the base and the material cool down before gluing occurs. There are a lot of untaped places.

New technology In the installation and repair of roofs in winter, the use of the method of infrared heating of the covering layer of rolled fused materials has become possible - this significantly improves technologically winter work and improves the quality of the work performed.
The use of infrared radiation means a fixed temperature heating the surface sufficient to melt the coating! layer, and eliminates overheating and boiling of bitumen, which previously harmed the roof.

In addition, the equipment for infrared radiation is electric (the power supply is 380 V), which reduces the fire hazard of roofing irradiation by eliminating the need for burners.
For the above method, the Luch bus is used.

In it, materials are heated by infrared: irradiation in a relatively closed cavity, connected with the equipment housing. The surface of the material heats up no higher than 160°C, without tact, and the closed housing eliminates sudden temperature changes with the surrounding air.
The roll web is pressed tightly to the base by a multi-section rolling shaft. The surface layers soften by 0.5-0.8 mm and form! Place a roller of molten bitumen about 1 cm thick. The roller moves in front of the rolling surface, additionally coating the base with a layer of tone and filling all the unevenness in the base.

This method guarantees complete adhesion at the molecular level.
First, prepare the base: the screed is cleaned of dust and primed with a primer. Primer material 700-800 g per 1 m2 OCHI niya. The end of the roll is inserted into the Luch machine, on the frame of which an infrared emitter and a pressure roller are mounted. The three heating elements facing the pressure roller are covered with a metal cover. The flow of radiant energy emitted by the emitter is directed to the point of contact between the base and the adhesive panel, the filament body is located 2-3 cm from the heated surfaces. Then the infrared emitters are turned on, the machine warms up for 15-25 s, after which the bitumen begins to melt on the lower surface of the sheet, which lasts 1-3 s, after which the installation is manually moved along the rolled roll. The heated panel is pressed with a roller to the base, which is heated simultaneously with the panel. The degree of heating is controlled by the width of the strip of bitumen squeezed out from under the roll: the strip of flowing bitumen should be about 1 cm wide.

Thanks to the rapid surface heating, the integumentary layers soften by only 0.5-0.8 mm, i.e. Only a small part of the binder mass is heated.

Heating and melting of the coating layer occurs only on the side being deposited; on the other side, the material remains unchanged. When the movement stops in the middle of the slope, the frame with heating elements is turned upward to prevent overheating of the material. The rolling time of a 10-meter roll is 3-10 minutes (depending on the modification of the machine and the time of year).

The small-sized installation “IKO-500” consists of only one heating element mounted on a frame with a handle by which the worker holds this device.

To connect each of these machines to an external network with a voltage of 380/220 V, a special electrical control panel is used. Shield weight 10 kg. Connection to the external network is carried out using a cable type.KG. The control circuit is powered through a step-down transformer with a voltage of 36 V. The electrical panel provides for the connection of two units at the same time.
Particular attention should be paid to the following requirements.

Prohibited:
. apply roofing materials in the presence of fire (the design of the machine and parts are not designed for such high-temperature operating conditions);
. allow a large amount of soot on the insulators and conductive elements of the machine. Soot (i.e. coal) is an electrical conductor and leads to burnout of conductive elements of equipment. Soot appears when there is a fire bituminous materials in the process of performing work, which is only possible if the operator is negligent in his work;
. allow direct irradiation of the support roller;
. allow the elements of the emitter to be shorted to the housing or to each other. This leads to the destruction of the emitters;
. work without a multilayer reflector included in the design of the machine;
. make repairs and touch conductive structural elements without turning off the circuit breaker. It is possible to turn on the equipment independently when the control wire is short-circuited to the housing;
. operating equipment by untrained personnel.

On newly purchased equipment, check the tightness of all electrical contacts on the machine and on the electrical panel.
At each new facility, you cannot begin work without preliminary preventive maintenance of the equipment: you should wipe off the soot from the machine with a soft brush and check the tightness of the electrical contacts again (they loosen during operation from constant heating and cooling). Check the emitters for an interturn short circuit and the possibility of a short circuit to the housing.
The use of the Luch machine is possible both on horizontal and vertical surfaces, which makes it easier to do such a complex and painstaking thing as making connections.

The heating block “Luch”, which is part of the roofing machine, consists of three heating elements. Disabling the middle element makes it possible to strip-glue materials for a ventilated roof without additional costs, which is important during repair work, during new construction in the cold season, in buildings with high humidity. Ventilated roofs do not form swellings and allow you to keep the insulation and screed dry for a long time.
"IKO-YOO" is a lightweight version of the "Luch" machine. It is operated by two workers, the operating technology is no different from that described above and allows you to glue smooth bends of the roof and vertical sections.

"IKO-500" is a device weighing 6 kg and irradiator dimensions 25x35 cm. Used in hard to reach places, for lining pipes, corners, etc. When working with it, the base is first heated, then the applied material (with visual control of the heating) and the heated surfaces are pressed. All this happens without the use of open fire.

To prepare the base, the RMKL roof regenerator is used in the infrared irradiation method system.
From the realm of science fiction: the use of infrared equipment from RMKL in preparing the foundation
not only allows the installation of a new roofing carpet over the old pie, but also significantly improves the properties of the latter. When drying the old coating infrared rays regenerate and compress the layers of the old roof, restoring solidity and leveling the old coating. The allowed number of layers of old coating is 10.
Security measures:
Persons who have reached the age of 18, who have studied all technical documentation and are trained in handling the machine, as well as who have undergone technical instruction, are allowed to work on machines with infrared emitters “Luch”, “IKO-YOO”, “IKO-500”. ke security.
Before starting work, it is necessary to check that the protective grounding is in good condition.
The operator working on the machine must have an electrical safety group of at least 2.
It is not allowed to work if the insulation or control wire is damaged.
It is strictly forbidden to carry out any repair or other work on the machine without turning off the machine on the control panel.

It is prohibited to work on the roof using any electrical equipment during precipitation.
You should constantly monitor the serviceability of the switch on the steering wheel, which should automatically turn off the car when you remove your hands from the steering wheel.

If a malfunction is detected in the machine or voltage is present on the body (electric shock), it is necessary to stop work and inform the work manager.
Responsibility and supervision over the safe operation of the machine rests with the person responsible for the electrical equipment and appointed by order.
For fire safety reasons, it is prohibited:
. work without an equipped fire station in the work area;
. store flammable liquids near the work site.

At the end of the work, the electrical panel must be completely disconnected from the external network.
The infrared roofing machine of the “Beam” type is not subject to certification in the field of fire safety.
When carrying out roofing work with machines of the “Luch” type, in the field of safety, you must comply with the rules in accordance with SNiP 12-03-99 “Occupational Safety in Construction”.
Operation of Luch type machines at explosive objects is permitted only with the permission of the relevant services.
Connecting “IKO-YOO” or “IKO-500” to the electrical control panel of a roofing machine (to other electrical panels is strictly prohibited) is permitted only to electricians on duty or operators who have an electrical safety group of not the second and only according to the electrical diagram attached to the passport.

The use of soft roofing in private suburban construction– one of the most relevant topics today. This material has many advantages. It is lightweight, has high sound and heat insulation qualities, is resistant to corrosion, fungi and microorganisms, guarantees absolute tightness of the roof, and gives it a very attractive appearance.

It can be used to cover roofs of a wide variety of configurations. In addition, soft roofing has a long service life and low cost. Another important advantage of this material is that during rain the noise level is quite low.

In addition to high technical and operational characteristics, soft roofing has another advantage: it is so easy to install that you can even handle the work yourself.

General characteristics and types of soft roofing

Soft roof– a modern building material made on the basis of fiberglass sheets impregnated with rubber bitumen on both sides.

A distinctive property of rubber bitumen is high degree tightness and moisture resistance. It is these qualities that explain the popularity of this roof in modern construction. The soft roof also contains a special coating, which increases its wear resistance and does not allow the rolled covering to stick together.

This material is perfect choice for covering roofs with a slope angle of less than 11 degrees.

Soft roofing includes flexible or bitumen tiles, roll or membrane roofing.

Soft tiles

Soft flexible or bituminous shingles are otherwise called piece soft roofing, roofing tiles, shingles, shingles. Perhaps this is the most common type of roofing, which is an analogue of the ceramic variety of tiles.

Soft tiles are a flat sheet with shaped patterns cut out on one edge. The basis of soft tiles is non-woven pressed fiberglass, which can withstand heavy loads and is almost not subject to deformation. This type of tile can be different forms: triangular, oval, hexagonal. Usually it has a size of 1x0.33 m.

One of the main advantages of soft tiles is the ability to use them to cover roofs with domes and towers or roofs of unusual shapes.

Roll roofing

The second name for this type of roofing is bitumen-polymer. Often she becomes the only solution for installation of roofs of agricultural buildings, reinforced concrete and brick buildings.

Roll roofing is made from fiberglass or synthetic material. This guarantees high waterproofing properties material.

The disadvantage of roll roofing is its vapor permeability.

Since a burner is used when laying roll roofing, it is necessary that the material does not burn, but melts. Otherwise, the installation cannot be of high quality.

Membrane roofing

Other name membrane roofing– roofing made of PVC membranes. It consists of membranes made of TPO, EPDM and PVC.

One of the most important features The technology behind this type of roofing is that the seams are secured using hot air, and this guarantees high level their strength. The membrane is attached mechanically using additional adhesives. Fastening can also be carried out to the roof screed. Thanks to the membrane structure, the strength, reliability of the canvas and long service life are guaranteed.

Tools required for installation

Even one person can install a flexible roof. To install a soft roof you need following materials and tools:

• hammer;

• sealant;

• mastic;

• roofing nails;

• trowel for mastic;

• ridge-cornice strip;

• waterproofing carpet;

• end and cornice strips;

• work gloves.

Ventilation system design

Purpose ventilation system is to ensure free air circulation, which is necessary in order to prevent the formation of condensation in the lower segment of the base. Without high-quality ventilation, rotting processes may begin in the rafter system, and in winter icicles or ice will form.

The main details of the roof ventilation system are exits and vents, gaps between the base and waterproofing of at least 5 mm in size. Natural ventilation can be ensured by installing ventilation holes evenly distributed under the eaves.

Installation of cornice strips

Cornice strips are made on a metal basis and are attached to a lining on the overhangs of the cornices. They are necessary to protect the edges of the sheathing. Fastening is carried out using mounting nails, between which a 100 mm pitch must be maintained. At the docking points cornice strips it is necessary to make an overlap of at least 20 mm in length.

Installation of gable strips

Gable strips are also made of metal and are attached at the roof ends to the lining layer. Their main function is to protect the edge of the sheathing. Fastening is carried out similarly to fastening of cornice strips.

Valley carpet

The purpose of this element is to protect the roof from rain and snow. It is chosen according to the color of the tiles. Fastening is done using roofing nails. The overlaps should be carefully glued.

When performing installation, remember to remove the protective film from the bottom surface of the material. Laying of eaves tiles is carried out at a distance of 1 to 2 cm from the eaves edge along its overhang, clearly joint to joint.

Laying ordinary tiles

The process of laying the main part of the tile roof begins from the middle of the overhangs towards the ends. As a rule, 4 nails are used to fasten sheets. If the roof slope is very steep or there are strong winds, at least 6 nails must be used.

The first row is installed in such a way that its edge is located at a distance of no more than 1 cm from the upper end of the eaves tiles.

The joint points are covered with petals. When laying the next rows, you need to ensure that the tips of the petals coincide with the level of the cutouts of the previous row. Along the edges, the bitumen shingles are cut and glued (to a width of at least 10 cm).

Before installation begins, it is necessary to mark the slopes with chalk - draw horizontal lines on them. This is necessary to accurately install the sheets in an even row. If the geometry of the slopes is violated or installed on them additional elements (dormer windows, pipes), marking using chalk helps to align the rows.

Laying ridge tiles

To obtain ridge tiles, the cornice tiles are cut into three parts at the perforation points. After this, it is laid with the short side on the ridge parallel to it. Each part must be nailed with four nails: two on each side. At least a 5-centimeter overlap is made on top of the nails with a subsequent tile sheet.

Lining layer

In places of possible leaks, it is necessary to create a lining layer: at the ends, valleys, and overhangs of cornices. During installation, it is necessary to observe the direction from bottom to top and overlap: in the transverse direction it should be 10 mm, and in the longitudinal direction - 150 mm. Overlapping areas are coated with bitumen mastic.

Ridges and valleys are respectively reinforced by 250 and 500 mm. In this case, the valleys are equipped with a lining layer on both sides; along the eaves overhangs and ends it is laid to a width of at least 400 mm.

The lining is nailed to the base every 200 mm using galvanized roofing nails. The purpose of the lining carpet is to protect it from moisture, as well as from destruction if the process of laying a soft roof is suspended.

Preparatory work

The base for fastening the soft roof must certainly be solid. This is the main difference between installing a soft roof and installing other types of roofs.

For example, when installing metal tiles, a sheathing is made with gaps between the beams, since this is a rather rigid material. This distinguishes it from a soft type roof, for which it is necessary to build a solid foundation.

When choosing edged boards it must be kept in a stack in advance so that it reaches a natural, uniform level of humidity.

It is better to purchase boards in winter and use them in summer.

Their width should be no more than 100 mm. It is preferable that the material be of uniform thickness and sawn to band saw. The maximum permissible moisture content of wood is 20%.

The method of laying a soft type roof involves laying materials of this type with the seams shifted or staggered. In this case, a gap of 1 cm must be maintained between them. The surface must be smooth, dry, and clean. The quality of installation and the service life of the soft roof depend on these conditions.

A prerequisite is the presence of the following layers in the roofing pie: a waterproofing layer laid on the rafters, mounted on the outside overlapping the base of the waterproofing roofing carpet, and when planning an attic - insulation based on mineral wool.

Features of installing a soft roof

Installation of a soft roof is best done in dry, warm weather. Minimum temperature for work not lower than plus 5 degrees.

If it is necessary to carry out installation in winter time Before starting work, the tiles must be kept in a room with room temperature. You can also use a hot air torch.

The need for a certain temperature regime is associated with the specifics of the shingle, which is a sheet consisting of 3 or 4 tiles. It is attached to the surface using nails or placed on inside self-adhesive layer.

The tightness of a tile-based roof is ensured by exposure to natural warmth sun rays. Under their influence, the sheets are soldered to the base and to each other. This does not happen at low temperatures, so achieve high-quality insulation fails.

When installing a soft roof, you should use tiles from 5-6 packages at the same time, choosing one element at a time: this will avoid significant differences in shades if it is necessary to repair the roof using elements from a different package.

This quality is another advantage of this material: a slight play of colors and shades makes it much easier to replace tiles and gives its matte surface a more beautiful appearance.

How to choose mastic?

When laying the top layer of a soft type roof, it is necessary to use a special bitumen-polymer material, which makes it possible to create an elastic continuous coating that can withstand mechanical and temperature deformations of the base.

According to the technology for installing soft roofs, in order to attach the rolled material to the roof, you need to use cold and hot mastics.

As a rule, cold mastics are used for the device inner layers roofs, and hot ones - for external coating.

The category of cold mastics includes bitumen and roofing felt, and the hot ones include roofing felt and tar. The composition used must necessarily contain bitumen, a dust-like mixture or a fiber-based filler. From dusty materials it is necessary to separate gypsum, lime and ash.

Preparation of bitumen mastic

Bitumen mastic can be purchased ready-made, or you can prepare it yourself. To do this you need to take bitumen and filler. By mixing two parts bitumen and diesel fuel and one part filler, you can get cold mixture. In one boiler you need to prepare diesel fuel and filler, and in the other you heat the bitumen (its temperature should be brought to 180 degrees). After the liquid from the bitumen has completely evaporated, the contents of both boilers are mixed.

For preparing hot mastic you will need a boiler. In it, bitumen is heated to 200 degrees. During the heating process, filler is added to it. It is very important to ensure that the temperature does not drop below 160 degrees during the procedure.

To check the quality of the mastic, it is heated to 60 degrees and laid at an angle of 45 degrees. If the coating drains, then its quality does not meet the requirements. If the mastic does not drain, you need to wait until it dries. If the material is of high quality, then cracks will not form on it.

The process of laying a soft roof

Immediately before starting installation, you need to walk through wooden surface a solution of bitumen and diesel fuel. Then you need to start covering with mastic. This should be done slowly.

At the end this process we need to move on to laying glassine and roofing felt. Installation begins from the middle part of the cornice and moves towards the ends - to the right and left. Before applying the underside of soft tiles, it is necessary to remove the film to protect the adhesive.

When using cold mastic, you must wait 12 hours after applying the layer. If hot mastic is used, the layers can be applied one after another.

All roofing parts must be nailed using 4-6 nails.

The instructions for laying soft roofing require that when installing the rolls, an overlap of 7 to 10 cm should be made.

In all cases, without exception, the basic rule of overlap must be observed: lay each top row in such a way that the fastening joints of the previous one are covered. Depending on their number, the next new layer is displaced: with two layers it is displaced by half, with three - by 1/3. After this, the excess is cut off at the edges and glued with mastic.

At high-quality installation Modern soft roofing materials can last about 30 years.

Laying roofing material near ventilation pipes

• Roof areas located around pipes and antennas require correct insulation of joints and careful fastening of the material. The installation process is greatly simplified when using pass-through elements. Without these components, the tightness of the coating is compromised.

• The installation locations for ventilation and pipes should be noted before laying the tiles.

• After this, holes are cut. The edges of the underlayment will be glued around them using mastic. The upper surface of the carpet should be spread along the contours of the parts that will need to be glued and nailed. The tiles are laid on top of the mastic.

• The junction points between the upper part of the walk-through part and the bitumen shingles must be treated with sealant. Having reached the ridge line, it is necessary to use special ridge elements of a soft roof. They are bent over the ridge, glued to it and nailed with nails.

Repair work

The frequency of repairs is directly dependent on the base on which the tiles were installed and also on the cost of laying a soft type roof.

Wood lumber, concrete and cement screed react differently to soft roofing, which causes certain damage.

Cleaning the damaged area

Before starting work, it is necessary to decide whether there is a need for such work at all and in what form it should be carried out. For this purpose, a damage assessment is carried out. When holes form in roll coverings they will need to be filled with mastic. In this case, it is necessary to observe the sequence of materials used for this purpose.

Repair roll roofing This is possible only on a completely clean area, which is very problematic, since the roofing material has a special coating. Therefore, before starting repair work, the required area should be very thoroughly cleaned.

The crumbs are removed using process oil. When cleaning roofing felt, it is better to use anthracene oil, and for roofing felt, solar oil. These products remove the coating and soften the surface for further work.

Repair

Having prepared the area, you can proceed to the main work. If the flaws are small, it is recommended to use a simple mastic with a patch. This solution will not work if all roofing layers are broken.

If several layers are damaged, the area should be cleaned of the old layer of mastic and dried. Then prepare a mastic mixture with sawdust or sand. All damage is filled with this mixture to smooth out the edges. The mastic should extend at least 10 cm from all ends of the patch.

To apply the mixture in hard-to-reach places, use a regular spatula. If a water bubble appears in the roof, repairs are carried out in the same way as for a regular hole. In this case, the main task is to determine the source from which the water comes.

If cracks appear, the roofing layer must be cut to the bottom edge. After this, debris and mastic are removed, and then the area is dried and filled with new mastic. For small cracks, incisions may not be made. They are closed with a patch and mastic. When small cracks throughout the entire area it must be prepared and covered with a layer of heated mastic.

Restoration of sprinkles

After completing the repair, the topping layer should be restored. This is necessary to prevent overheating and melting of the mastic layer. It is necessary to level the surface and cover it with a layer of sand. Any excess coating that does not adhere to the roof will be removed on its own over time.

CONCLUSIONS:

• Soft roofing is very popular due to its lightness, tightness and affordable price.

• TO soft species roofing includes soft tiles, roll and membrane roofing.

• Before installation begins, a ventilation system must be installed.

• In places where leaks are possible, it is necessary to install a lining layer.

• Before installation begins, it is necessary to prepare the base.

• To achieve tightness of the coating, it is better to carry out work in dry, warm weather.

• Cold and hot mastic are used to attach the rolled material to the roof.

• To maintain the tightness of the soft roof, it is necessary to properly isolate the joints around ventilation pipes, and fasten the material very carefully.

• The frequency of soft roof repairs largely depends on the quality of installation of the base.

You can learn more about the technology of laying soft roofs from the training video.

It happens that the construction of a house reaches the finish line in late autumn. Cancel construction until spring and postpone the long-awaited move to new house I don’t want to...

And then there is nothing left but to build at a time when the cold has already arrived.

Installation of the upper structure in winter period is possible, but has its own characteristics.

Complexity of roofing work

Most traditional building materials crumble, break or bend poorly in frost, so preference should be given to modern ones.

They have good frost resistance, some are used at temperatures down to -55 degrees. But you need to handle them carefully.

Conduct roofing winter is difficult for several reasons. One of the main ones is that due to weather conditions this is a more labor-intensive process.

An additional challenge is the short daylight hours. Proper construction site lighting can be a decent way out of this situation, but it increases costs.

As practice shows, the time to erect a roof compared to in summer still it takes more.

And not just because the sun sets below the horizon too quickly. Periodically cleaning of surfaces is required, and the roofers' breaks for heating also increase.

Roof installation should be interrupted during periods of precipitation. But even on rainy autumn days, sometimes you have to wait a week, or even more, for acceptable weather conditions.

The best option is equipment over the entire building structure - it will protect from precipitation and reduce time.

In any case, you must strictly follow the installation technology, which differs from the summer version.

At the same time, the cost of work and roofing materials decreases in the off-season, it is easier to find contractors, so erecting a roof in winter can be beneficial.

Building materials are stored in a warm room or in temporary structures consisting of a frame covered with a greenhouse - greenhouses. In greenhouses, the temperature is maintained using heaters or heat guns.

All preparatory work must be carried out in places protected from adverse weather – interior rooms. Elements are lifted onto the roof immediately before installation.

Construction of the rafter system

As for – we can even say that in winter, installing them has a number of advantages.

Cold has a positive effect on wood:

• bacteria and other pests die at low temperatures;
• In frosty, dry air, the tree becomes less moist.

In severe frosts - more than -20 degrees - it is not recommended to install wooden rafter system, since the wood becomes too brittle and there is a high probability of damage.

The risk is not justified: it is better to wait for an increase to -15 degrees, and continue construction with calm confidence that performance characteristics the roof frame will not be damaged.

Moreover, in middle lane In Russia, bitter frosts usually do not last for months.

We should also not forget about safety precautions on a roof covered with an ice crust and therefore slippery.

Laying the roofing pie

The roof area is divided into sections. Work is not carried out simultaneously in several areas - only in one.

Most important point– it is necessary to protect materials from snow by covering them with insulating films.

You need to be especially responsible when it comes to waterproofing: to avoid swelling, you should never allow snow to get on the waterproof layer.

Experts advise using it as insulation mineral wool with good hydrophobic properties. It is recommended to dry loose ones, like tiled ones.

It is better to use with a bottom foil layer.

In the spring, with the first rains, it will become known whether the roofing cake has passed the tightness test.

Metal tile flooring

Low temperatures are not a problem for this material. The quality of the roof is not affected in any way by the fact that it was laid in the cold season.

But for builders who are not too dexterous due to warm clothes, strong winds can pose a danger - due to the large windage of the sheets.

Metal with a polyurethane coating retains the greatest elasticity in the cold.

Installation of cement-sand and clay tiles

Traditionally considered the best roof covering.

The small number of pores ensures its excellent frost resistance; this coating can withstand many freeze-thaw cycles without loss of performance. Installation can be carried out in winter, although this is a very labor-intensive process.

The large weight will even work to its advantage in some ways - for example, it will not be torn off by the wind. And the relatively small sizes do not pose such a danger to installers as when laying large sheets of metal tiles.

Roofing installation made of flexible tiles

are selected based on the flexibility indicator on the beam, this value is indicated in the technical specifications.

The key to waterproofing a roof is laying the roofing material on a dry base.

In addition, the sheets of plywood or boards used for the sheathing will expand with the onset of the warm season, and therefore it is necessary to leave a gap of several millimeters between them.

Material is fed in small portions and fits right away. The tiles are heated with heat to securely fasten them to the solid flooring. construction hair dryer to melt the bitumen layer.

Is it possible to cover the roof in winter?

Roofing work is one of the most last stages any construction. But what if it coincides with late autumn? Until recently, every construction project was “frozen” for the winter, but thanks to the release of new materials, it has become possible to carry out roofing work in absolutely any climatic conditions.
Soft roofing is a material that allows installation even in severe frost. And you won't have to leave your house without a roof for the winter. The main thing in this work is to observe a number of features.

Roofing installation in winter and its main points

Two days before the start of work, all roofing elements are placed in warm room with a temperature not lower than +20 degrees.

Flexible tiles are delivered to the installation site gradually as needed.

The base on which the installation is made must be clean, dry and free of ice.

If the work is planned to be carried out in severe frost down to -20 degrees, then a “warmhouse” must be built. It is a kind of tent, which is built from boards or film over the area where the work will be carried out. The height of the structure should be such that it is comfortable for people to move around in it. Often, in order to increase the temperature, tents are supplemented with heat guns.

Asphalt shingles are known to adhere easily to roof sheathing and create an airtight seal when exposed to sunlight. But in winter there is little sun, so professionals advise using a heat gun.

How to choose the right soft roof for winter installation?

Ideally, the roof should have the lowest possible flexibility temperature on the beam, and the minimum size of the radius of the beam itself. Recommended temperature range from -55 0 to +110 0. Such characteristics guarantee that the flexible tiles will not crack during winter installation. This is also important in the future, namely when servicing the roof in winter. The coating is more durable and will not be damaged after removing snow or ice.

If, after reading this article, the question of whether it is possible to cover a roof in winter is still not entirely clear to you, call or request a call back. Our specialist will answer all your questions.

Soft tiles in Lately literally flooded the construction market. It's all because of the manufacturers of bituminous materials who tried to find a unique roof covering, and they achieved it. Laying soft tiles is carried out even in winter, but under certain conditions, and you will learn which conditions in this article.

Where did soft tiles come from?

A material such as bitumen shingles certainly could not be produced in a country with low oil production. People first started talking about it in the mid-19th century in America. And even then it was used quite widely.

Of course, the coverage of that year was very different from the modern one. The main raw material was ordinary cardboard, which was coated with bitumen on both sides, after which it was attached to the roof. By the way, no one still knows the real inventor of such a simple coating. Only in 1903 a patent for cut tiles appeared. Henry M. Reynolds, of the Grand Rapids Company, was the owner. The first samples of roofing material did not have good aesthetics, and the shape had only two types - rectangle and hexagon. As for the color, these were standard colors, which were set with natural sprinkles of gray and red shades.

The name “tile” for this product appeared only in Europe, and the old name “shingle” remained in the country of the inventor. Due to its positive qualities, this material quickly gained popularity wherever it appeared. This is confirmed by villages and cities in various countries, where you can always find roofing made of bitumen shingles.

As time passed, the structure of the product changed. At first it had clear and simple components - fiberglass and cardboard. By the way, fiberglass was used only in the sixties of the 20th century. As a result of this, some companies called their products organic shingles.

At that time, such roofing material was covered with only two types of bitumen - soft and hard. If the first one was used, then the body of the cardboard was completely impregnated, and when using solid materials, only its sides were coated. Despite the fact that a large amount of bitumen product was used, such a roofing coating did not meet many requirements, in particular waterproofing. Therefore, it was decided to use fiberglass.

Previously, they could not even imagine that gluing together several shingles could improve the quality of the product, and they thought so until the beginning of the 20th century, until the decision was made to laminate tiles in the 60s.

Around the same time, the topping also began to color, giving the material a variety of colors. The attractive appearance gave the products competitive qualities, which only emerging manufacturers took advantage of. building materials. Over time, the appearance of the tiles began to imitate most known coatings, for example, wooden shingles, but at the same time had more best qualities. Among them are strength, stability, and service life. As a rule, such tiles serve reliable protection for 25 years.

But as you know, everything flows, everything changes, and today in some states of America you can find manufacturers who can give a lifetime guarantee on their product. Impressive, isn't it? By the way, the old base in the form of cardboard is gradually disappearing and can rarely be found in any tiles, except perhaps in rolled material - roofing felt.

Installation of soft tiles in winter

In winter, the construction of houses, as a rule, freezes or proceeds very slowly. What to do if, before the construction of the house is completed, all that remains is to lay the roofing material, but it is used as a covering soft material. Is it possible to install it in cold weather? The answer is yes, but there are a lot of nuances here. So let's look at the most important ones.

Laying soft tiles in winter is carried out only if there are heat guns or special infrared heaters. Such units help to warm up not only the roofing material itself, but also the bedding under it. Thanks to the bedding layer on bitumen roofs maximum surface sealing is achieved.

In the summer, the air temperature allows you to do without heating devices, but even they will not save the material in severe frosts, so if outside the window low temperature, then it’s better to leave the idea of ​​covering the roof until more suitable conditions, otherwise you risk getting a low-quality roof that will leak the next year.

So, the question “is it possible to lay soft tiles in winter?” deserves a mixed answer. At certain temperatures, for example, down to -5 o C, this work can be done using heaters, but to achieve maximum quality, it would be best to wait until spring.

Finnish soft tiles

The phrase “soft roofing” immediately evokes an association with roofing felt, but construction has long presented us with better quality products. One of them is Finnish roofing. This roofing covering has an attractive appearance, practicality and ease of installation.

Composition of Finnish soft tiles

The Finnish company recently released a roofing covering that attracted the attention of literally the whole world. It looks like a piece element in the form of tiles, the edges of which have a figured ending. Standard sizes This material is 30-40 cm wide, 4-6 mm thick and 1 meter long.

All roofs with a slope of at least 11 degrees can be covered with soft tiles, which is probably one of the reasons for such rapid popularity Finnish material. But enough about popularity and size, let me tell you about its structure.

• Outer layer. On the outside, this roofing material is covered with basalt granules or other stone chips. This surface gives the material a kind of armor that does not allow ultraviolet rays and mechanical damage cause damage to the coating
• Impregnation. It's no secret that soft roofing uses special modified impregnating mixtures that increase the waterproofing properties of the material
• The main raw material is fiberglass, which, when compared with the cardboard used in roofing felt, is much stronger, therefore the product itself is better.
• The bottom layer contains some quartz sand or silicon to prevent the tiles from sticking together during storage

The name “Finnish roofing” should not be taken as correct. This combination of words has become attached to the product only because this roofing material was produced in Finland. Today, many people produce such products, but the quality remains unchanged. Popular companies are Icopal, Tegola and Raflex.

Installation methods

Soft material means comfort when installation work, and when transporting it, you don’t have to worry about the integrity of the structure.

Thanks to innovations in the construction industry, Finnish roofing has several methods of fastening.

1. Self-adhesive method. Adhesive layer on some types of coating it is a mixture of bitumen and rubber, which is protected by a film until the required moment. To fasten such a product on the slope plane, it is necessary to separate the protective film, place it in the desired place and press the tile a little so that it sticks to the sheathing. The only obstacle to installing self-adhesive plates on the roof surface may be negative temperatures. It will not allow gluing due to the hardening of the important layer

The structure of this material is as follows:

• Basalt topping
• Oxidized bitumen
• Fiberglass layer
• Oxidized bitumen
• Adhesive mass with frost-resistant impurities
• Quartz or silicon sand
• Protective film

1. Mechanical method. Here, fasteners are used as fasteners, and therefore this type It is somewhat cheaper compared to its self-adhesive counterpart. As a rule, ordinary roofing nails equipped with a wide head are used as fasteners. All fastening points must be covered by the sheet lying on top. This will create an airtight and reliable coating.

IMPORTANT: The lathing for this roofing must be done using a continuous method, and there should be no strong differences in height or sharp elements on its surface. To achieve an ideal surface, developers often use OSB boards rather than edged boards.

As a guide, I will list the main layers of a Finnish tile roof.

• Roofing material
• Lining layer
• OSB board, or continuous sheathing of boards
• Waterproofing layer
• Insulation boards
• Vapor barrier membrane layer

Positive and negative qualities of soft tiles

Not long ago, manufacturers of roofing materials received a new competitor - Finnish tiles. She quickly found her niche and became her main competitor. metal roofing and ondulin.

Why for so much a short time Has this product received such high liking? It's all about her merits.

• Wear resistance. Finnish roofing outperforms the same roofing material many times over, because its service life is more than 70 years, while the latter’s lifespan is only a decade
• Resistance to temperature changes. This property delighted residents of the northern regions, where temperatures reach -50 o C. The temperature range of this coating is from -60 o C to +150 o C
• Versatility. Soft tiles can be used on roofs with a slope greater than 11 degrees
• Economical. This property was discovered as a result of comparing waste metal tiles and Finnish roofing. At the same cost, the latter produces much less waste
• Easy to install. Due to its structure, installation can be done on your own
• Decorativeness. Manufacturers are trying to improve their product every year and are producing an ever-increasing assortment in terms of colors and types.

Despite such chic positive qualities, this material still has disadvantages.

• Expensive. A product with a self-adhesive surface is quite impressive, and the simple appearance is also not a little
• There is no possibility of laying the covering on flat roofs
• High demands on the base surface
• Mandatory laying of the lining layer

Finnish roof good decision For country house . This coating will give your comfort a rather interesting and intricate look, and you will become a constant object of admiration from neighbors and guests.