How is the average monthly output of workers calculated by multiplication? The economic essence of the indicator “labor productivity”

Labor productivity for a year or month for an enterprise is calculated using the formula: PT=V/P, where

  • PT – average annual or average monthly output;
  • B – revenue;
  • P – average number of employees per year or month.

For example: in a year the entire enterprise earns 10,670,000 rubles. As already indicated, 60 people work. Thus: PT=10,670,000/60=177,833.3 rubles. It turns out that in one year of work, each employee brings in an average of 177,833.3 rubles in profit. Average daily calculation You can calculate the average daily or average hourly output using the following formula: PFC=W/T, where

  • T – total working time spent on production in hours or days;
  • B – revenue.

For example, the company produced 10,657 machines in 30 days. Thus, average daily output is equal to: PFC=10657/30=255. 2 machines per day.

Production formula

Attention

Example The following initial parameters are given: In total, one cook spends 25,220 s. to make a cottage cheese cake. Preparatory time takes 1260 s, preparation of the workplace and necessary materials costs 1008 s.


During breaks for rest and personal needs, 1260 s are spent. According to the timing specified in regulatory documents, it should take 32.39 s to make one unit of cottage cheesecake.

Info

Find the production rate. We substitute the data into our formula and get the result: Hb = (25220 - (1260+1008+1260)) / 32.39 = 671 pcs. So one cook for one work shift capable of producing 671 units of cheesecake.


The results obtained serve as an assessment of labor productivity and are the main data for calculating wages. Performance standards for cleaners are not production premises Let's look at another example.

Methods for calculating labor productivity

The amount of bonuses and incentives will be calculated correctly if it ensures a corresponding increase in revenue and profit of the enterprise.

  • The analysis also reveals specific factors that positively and negatively affect labor intensity. For example, interruptions in the supply of spare parts, raw materials and supplies, frequent breakdowns equipment, insufficient organization of labor in a workshop or enterprise.
    If necessary, the timing of working hours is added to this analysis and appropriate adjustments are made to the standardization of labor of individual departments and the work of middle and senior managers.

You can see detailed information about calculating this indicator at next video: To learn how to correctly calculate the profitability of an enterprise, read this article. If you are wondering how to register your trademark, view this material.

How to calculate labor productivity at an enterprise?

Relativity of labor productivity Labor productivity as an economic indicator carries direct information about the degree of efficiency of workers' labor invested in the products produced. When working, a person spends time and energy, time is measured in hours, and energy is measured in calories.

Important

In any case, such work can be both mental and physical. If the result of labor is a thing, product or service created by a person, then the labor invested in it takes on a different form - “frozen”, that is, materialized, it can no longer be measured by the usual indicators, because it reflects past labor investments and costs.


Assessing labor productivity means determining how effectively a worker (or group of workers) invested their labor in creating a unit of output in a specified time period.

Labor productivity indicators and calculation methods

In order to calculate the total production productivity, we need to use the conversion factor of metal products. It takes 1000 grams of iron to make 120 nails, 500 grams to make 30 bolts, and 1500 grams to make 40 screws. As a result, adding up all the manufactured products in their general initial form (iron) 1000 grams + 500 grams + 1500 grams = 3000 grams/metal products. Formula for calculating labor productivity The labor method is based on measuring the volume of manufactured goods, to calculate which you need to use conditional production labor intensity.

Labor productivity formula

Formulas and examples of calculations Generalized formula for labor productivity: P = O/H, where

  • P - average labor productivity of one employee;
  • O - completed amount of work;
  • H - number of employees.

This indicator, which characterizes how much work one person performs during a selected period (hour, shift, week, month), is also called output. Example 1. In January 2016, a fashion studio completed 120 orders for sewing outerwear (jackets).

The work was carried out by 4 seamstresses. The labor productivity of one seamstress was 120/4 = 30 jackets per month. The inverse indicator - labor intensity - determines how much labor (man-hours, man-days) is needed to produce a unit of product.

Example 2. In December 2015, the workshop furniture factory made 2500 chairs. According to the time sheet, the staff worked 8,000 man-hours.

How to correctly calculate labor productivity

Cleaning of industrial premises is carried out approximately according to the same plan, so data from a real existing enterprise, for example, the beer and soft drinks industry, is taken as a basis. Calculation of the production rate is carried out taking into account the following points:

  • basic operations: washing and sweeping floors, washing and wiping walls, windows, doors;
  • cleaning premises: technological workshops and auxiliary areas;
  • characteristics of cleaning objects: material of manufacture, labor intensity during work;
  • for optimal work time an 8-hour shift is taken.

Calculation formula for cleaning industrial premises Directly at the enterprise, they carry out their own time measurements when calculating production standards.

This is done in order to most accurately understand how many minutes or hours it takes to wipe windows, say, measuring 1 by 1 m or 2 by 3 m.

Developing a calculation formula example

Average output can be calculated by taking the ratio of output produced to total number workers. Output is calculated using the following formula: B = V / T where:

  • B – output;
  • V – volume of production (in money, standard hours or in kind);
  • T is the time taken to produce a given volume of products.
  • Labor intensity is the costs and associated efforts that accompany the production of goods. They can be of various types:
  • technological – labor costs for the production process itself;
  • servicing – expenses for equipment repairs and production services;
  • managerial – labor costs for managing the production process and its protection.

NOTE! The totality of technological and maintenance labor costs constitutes production labor intensity.

Production rate: formula. how to calculate the production rate?

In regulatory documents on food industry Special labor intensity coefficients have been developed, without which it is impossible to calculate the production rate. Labor intensity factor Food Industry The labor intensity coefficient shows how much time is needed to prepare one dish in relation to the dish taken as a unit of labor intensity. In other words, there is a single parameter taken as one, and all others are equal to it. For example, the simplest chicken soup in one serving takes 100 seconds to prepare. This is a unit. Milk soup will take 90 seconds, in which case the labor intensity coefficient will be 0.9. Timing helps set such boundaries.
In any case, such labor can be both mental and physical. If the result of labor is a thing, product or service created by man, then the labor invested in it takes on a different form - “frozen”, that is, materialized, it can no longer be measured by the usual indicators, because it reflects past labor investments and costs. Assessing labor productivity means determining how effectively a worker (or group of workers) invested their labor in creating a unit of output in a specified time period.


Formula for output to content Labor intensity The indicator is an accurate reflection of the level of labor expended per employee to create one product. Represents the inverse coefficient in relation to output.

Index Plan Fact Deviation from plan
absolute % to plan
Release commercial products in value terms, thousand rubles. (VP) 1,50
Number of employees, people (H) -10 -0,82
Number of workers, people (Cr) -10 -1,01
Specific gravity workers, (D) 81,41 81,26 -0,15 -0,19
Hours worked by all workers, thousand hours (th) -26 -1,45
Hours worked by one worker, thousand hours (thr) 1,808 1,800 -0,008 -0,45
Average annual output one worker, thousand rubles. (IN) 518,68 530,85 12,17 2,35
Average annual output per worker, thousand rubles. (Vr) 637,091 653,28 16,18 2,54
Average hourly output, rub. (HF)¢ 352,36 362,93 10,57

Table 6.8 shows the calculation of the influence of factors on average annual output.

Table 6.8

Calculation of the influence of factors on the average annual output of a worker

Payroll analysis

The analysis of the use of the wage fund begins with the calculation of the absolute and relative deviation of its actual value from the planned one.

The absolute deviation (ΔFZP a) is determined by comparing the funds actually used for wages (FWF f) with the planned wage fund (FWF pl) for the entire enterprise, production unit and categories of employees:

∆FZP a = FZP f - FZP pl

However, the absolute deviation is calculated without taking into account the degree of implementation of the production plan. Calculating the relative deviation of the wage fund (∆FZP from):



∆FZP from = FZP F – (FZP per.pl ∙ K pp + FZP constant.pl),

where FZP f is the actual wage fund,

FZP per.pl – variable part of the wage fund,

Kpp – coefficient of fulfillment of the production plan

FZP permanent payroll is a permanent part of the wage fund.

The constant part of wages (FZP post) does not change with an increase or decrease in production volume - this is the wages of workers at tariff rates, the wages of employees at salaries, all types of additional payments, wages for workers in non-industrial production and the corresponding amount of vacation pay.

The variable part of the wage fund is influenced by the following factors:

1. Volume of production.

2. Structure of production.

4. Specific labor intensity of products (UTE i).

5. Level of wages per 1 person-hour (OT i).

FZP per = ∑VVP i * UD i * UZP i * UTE i * FROM i

Factor model of the constant part of the wage fund:

FZP p = Ch * D * t * ChZP,

where H is the average number of employees;

D – the number of days worked by one worker on average per year;

t – average shift duration;

NWP is the average hourly salary of one employee.

During the analysis process, it is also necessary to establish the efficiency of using the wage fund. The change in the average earnings of workers over the period is characterized by its index (J ZP):

J ZP = average salary for the reporting period/ Average salary for the base period.

The change in average annual revenue is determined similarly based on the labor productivity index (J PT):

J PT = Average output of the reporting period / Average output of the base period.

The growth rate of labor productivity should outpace the growth rate of average wages. To do this, the advance coefficient K OP is calculated:

Then the amount of savings (overexpenditure) (E) of the wage fund is calculated in connection with the change in the ratio between the growth rate of labor productivity and its payment:

.

The more stable it is, the more attention is devoted to the development of production, therefore productivity is higher.

  • The general economic situation of both the enterprise and the state, the world as a whole. Loans, debts - all this can also reduce productivity.
  • Making changes to the production structure. For example, previously one employee performed 2 or 3 operations, then a separate employee was hired to perform each operation.
  • Application various technologies. This includes not only the introduction of new technology and equipment, but also production methods and techniques.
  • Change of management team. As you know, every manager tries to make his own additions to the production process.

Cognitive economics

Factor analysis of labor productivity The average annual output per employee is determined by the formula: SSC workers - average number of employees. or NHR – number of days of work; DRD – duration of the working day; Average hour output – average hourly output per employee. Average hourly output per employee: or thus: 216 * 8 * 0.70 = 1210 Average annual output per employee depends on: 1.
Average hourly output of 1 employee; 2. Length of the working day; 3. Number of days worked by 1 employee. 4. To calculate the influence of factors on the average annual output of a worker, it is presented in the form of a formula: or Let us carry out the analysis using the method of absolute differences: The influence of the factor average hourly output is determined by the formula: SV - average hourly output of one worker; DRD – duration of the working day; NDR – number of days of work.

Average daily output of one worker formula example

QUESTION 23 Labor productivity characterizes the efficiency and effectiveness of labor inputs and is determined by the quantity of products produced per unit of working time, or labor inputs per unit of output produced or work performed. There is a distinction between the productivity of living and the productivity of social (aggregate) labor.


The productivity of living labor is determined by the expenditure of working time in each individual production, and the productivity of social (aggregate) labor is determined by the expenditure of living and embodied (past) labor. Productivity of social (aggregate) labor in relation to everything national economy is calculated as the amount of national income per person employed in the sectors of material production.

Important

All of them are quite simple, but the following nuances must be taken into account in the calculations:

  • The volume of products produced is calculated in units of manufactured goods. For example, for shoes - pairs, for canned food - jars, etc.
  • Only personnel involved in production are taken into account.

Thus, accountants, cleaners, managers and other specialists not directly involved in production are not considered.

Calculation by balance The basic calculation formula is calculation by balance. It helps to calculate the productivity of the enterprise as a whole.

To calculate it, the basic value is taken as the amount of work specified in financial statements for a certain period of time.

The labor intensity of production maintenance (Tobsl) is the total cost of auxiliary work shops of the main production (Tvspom) and all workers' auxiliary shops and services (repair, energy shop, etc.) engaged in production maintenance (Tvsp): Tobsl = Tvspom + Tvsp. Production labor intensity (Tpr) includes the labor costs of all workers, both main and auxiliary: Tpr = Ttechn + Tobsl.

Attention

The complexity of production management (Tu) represents the labor costs of employees (managers, specialists and actual employees) employed both in the main and auxiliary shops (Tsl.pr) and in general plant services of the enterprise (Tsl.pr): Tu = Tsl.pr + Tsl.manager The total labor intensity (Tfull) reflects the labor costs of all categories of industrial production personnel of the enterprise: Tfull = Ttechn + Tobsl + Tu.

  • Cognitive economics
  • Average annual output per worker
  • Formula for average annual output per worker
  • Analysis of enterprise performance, page 10

Important Indicator 2014 2015 Dynamics, % Plan Fact Plan by 2014 Fact by 2014 Fact/Plan Production of products, thousand rubles. 80100 81500 81640 101.75 101.92 99.83 Worked by workers, thousand man-hours 2886.12 2996 2765.4 103.81 95.82 108.34 Labor intensity per thousand rubles. 36.03 36.76 33.87 102.02 94.01 108.52 Average annual output, rub. 27.75 27.20 29.52 98.02 106.37 92.14 Increase in productivity due to reduced labor intensity: - according to plan: (4.7*100) / (100-4.7) = 4.91%; - in fact: (9.03*100) / (100 – 9.03) = 9.92%. The labor intensity plan was exceeded by 4.33%.

Labor productivity, output and labor intensity

Natural calculation formula With its help you can calculate the average labor productivity per worker. This formula looks like this: PT = VP/KR, where

  • VP – manufactured products;
  • KR – number of workers.

Let's consider an example for this formula: 150 cars are manufactured in a workshop per week. Works - 8 people. The labor productivity of one worker will be: PT=150/8=18.75 machines. Factors influencing the value The value of an enterprise's labor productivity is influenced by the following factors:

  • Natural and weather conditions.
    The productivity of agricultural enterprises directly depends on weather conditions. So, bad weather conditions - rain, low temperatures– can reduce human productivity.
  • Political situation.

Methods for calculating labor productivity

Thus, it is clear that in 2008 the plan was underfulfilled by 10 rubles, that is, people did not meet the planned values ​​and produced less, but already in 2009, in fact, annual output increased by 101 rubles, that is, the plan was exceeded. The underfulfillment of the plan is mainly due to the actual days worked.

Instead of the planned 220 days, each worker worked on average 215 days, respectively, the enterprise lost 5 days (or 27.6 rubles of average annual output). But also as a result of the increase in the number of man-hours worked by the employee, the average annual output increased by 17.6 rubles, but this still did not lead to the fulfillment of the plan.

In turn, the situation in 2009 is explained by an increase in average hourly output at a faster rate than a decrease in the number of days of work, and also an expanded composition of workers results in an increase in output.

Labor productivity analysis

Note that the output indicator is a direct indicator of labor productivity, since the greater the value of this indicator (all other things being equal), the higher labor productivity. The labor intensity indicator is the opposite, since the lower the value of this indicator, the higher the labor productivity.

There is a relationship between changes in time standards (labor intensity) and output. If the time rate decreases by (Сн) percent, then the production rate increases by (Uv) percent, and vice versa.

This dependence is expressed by the following formulas: Example. The time rate has decreased by 20%, then the production rate will increase by Uv = (100 × 20)/(100 - 20) = 2000/80 = 25%. And vice versa, if the production rate increases by 25%, then the time rate will decrease by Сн = (100 × 25)/(100 + 25) = 20%.
Indicator 2014 2015 Dynamics, % Plan Fact Plan by 2014 Fact by 2014 Fact/Plan Production of products, thousand rubles. 80100 81500 81640 101.75 101.92 99.83 Worked by workers, thousand man-hours 2886.12 2996 2765.4 103.81 95.82 108.34 Labor intensity per thousand rubles. 36.03 36.76 33.87 102.02 94.01 108.52 Average annual output, rub. 27.75 27.20 29.52 98.02 106.37 92.14 Increase in productivity due to reduced labor intensity: - according to plan: (4.7*100) / (100-4.7) = 4.91%; — in fact: (9.03*100) / (100 – 9.03) = 9.92%. The labor intensity plan was exceeded by 4.33%. As a result, average annual production increased by 5.01%. Peculiarities

The value of output per 1 employee is one of the key production indicators, used both for production planning and for assessing labor results and its effectiveness. In this case, output per worker can be studied and established different ways and imply different periods - shift, month, hour or other time periods. Knowing the formula for output per 1 employee, you can calculate it quite easily - however, different types activities may require various calculations.

Output per 1 employee - what is it?

At many enterprises, the most convenient mechanism for distributing tasks among employees is to assign a production rate. The production rate is the totality of work that an employee must perform with the available resources. working conditions. At the same time, mechanisms for assigning production standards can be applied to almost any category of employees, but the most effective and simple this decision will be if it applies to workers employed in the production of similar goods.

Output per worker, in turn, is an indicator that is used in many calculations - both to determine the productivity of the employee himself, and to determine the potential capabilities of the organization or its structural division for production required volumes goods. Also, an analysis of output per worker per shift can be used for the purpose of subsequent modernization of production - both through technical innovations and by making changes to the process of organizing the workplace.

It is necessary to distinguish production indicators per employee from production indicators per main worker or per employee. Thus, output per worker is an indicator applied to all personnel of the enterprise - both those involved in production directly or indirectly, and not. In this situation, service personnel are also taken into account. By output per main worker we mean the total output per employee employed directly in the final production process. Output per worker requires the participation of production personnel in the calculations, including those indirectly related to production.

Since the concept of output per employee is not regulated by law, there may be different interpretations of it. For example, the indicator of output per 1 employee can be applied both to the entire company as a whole, and to individual structural divisions or specific employees to calculate their personal efficiency and labor productivity.

How to set output per 1 employee

It should be noted that output per 1 employee can be an indicator used for planning future economic indicators and labor standardization at the enterprise, as well as an indicator determined after the fact based on the results of a certain period. Regardless of the specific situation, determining output per worker involves two main steps:

In this way, a specific indicator of output per employee can be obtained by dividing the accounting period by the standard time. However, this is only general principle, because in practice, employees rarely engage exclusively in the same type of actions. At the same time, it is possible to set production standards per employee even in professions not related to production.

For some types of activities, legislation establishes approximate production standards. However, they are only recommended for use, and not mandatory - only certain exceptions can be made government agencies and companies, where the relevant requirements can be fixed by specific regulations and documents.

Output per 1 employee - formula for more complex situations

The general formula for output per 1 employee, described earlier, will look like this:

  • B = FV/NV

В – production, ФВ – total time fund, НВ – time norm for one unit of production.

If direct production requires certain preparation, then the employer should take into account preparatory stage when developing production standards per 1 employee. The formula in this case looks like this:

  • B = (VS – VP)/NV

WS – shift time, VP – preparation time, NV – standard time.

In cases where an employee is engaged in solving various problems during his work, the employer should take into account an additional coefficient in the production rate. For example, you should define the minimum unit of account - the simplest work transaction. When determining production standards, one should take into account the amount of time spent on the production of a particular product in relation to the minimum unit of account.

In general, the indicator of output per 1 worker is extremely important for HR specialists, because it is on its basis that employees can be attracted to or, on the contrary, encouraged. In addition, this indicator is also used in deeper economic studies within the enterprise.

For example, when looking for solutions to optimize labor, because an increase in output per employee will mean a general increase in work activities.

Output is an indicator measured in the number of units of product that were produced in a certain time or by one worker.

How is output determined?

Output is a direct indicator of labor productivity. There are three main methods for determining it, namely: natural, monetary and labor.

The first option involves dividing the volume of products that were manufactured or sold by the average number of employees directly involved in the production process. This technique is applicable only to those enterprises that produce products of the same name.

If an organization produces heterogeneous products that cannot be reduced to one unit of measurement, then it is advisable to use the cost method. In this case, output is the ratio of the monetary equivalent of all manufactured goods to the number of workers.

Concerning labor method determining output, note that it is used to assess the labor productivity of individual teams, jobs or departments. The indicator is determined in standard hours. This takes into account not only finished products, but also work in progress. The value of this indicator is that it helps to assess the efficiency of labor organization and the rational use of work force.

Production rate

Production is an indicator that is determined based on the results of a certain period. However, there are also standards that define the desired state of affairs. We are talking about normative development. To determine this indicator, it is necessary to multiply the duration of the period by the number of workers participating in production process. The result is divided by the time that, according to the standards, is allotted for the production of a unit of product. In this way, the maximum result that can be achieved at the enterprise is determined.

Production analysis

Production is the most important indicator work of the enterprise. To draw any conclusions based on it, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis. It may consist of the following:

  • dynamics of the indicator over time (based on data for several years, it is possible to determine trends in the operation of the enterprise, as well as make forecasts for the future situation);
  • factor analysis (determines which factors most influence labor productivity and output, which makes it possible to adjust further work);
  • determination of growth rates and increments (shows the ratio of the increase in output for different periods, which allows you to study in more detail the periods with unsatisfactory indicators).

Indicators for determining output

Output, as an indicator of labor productivity, is regularly calculated to evaluate the functioning of the enterprise. In order to determine given value, you need to collect the following information:

  • volume of production in physical or value terms (and you can take the actual value of the indicator, or you can take the planned value in order to calculate standard output);
  • the number of employees who are directly involved in the production process (this makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of their work, as well as determine areas for rationalization of personnel);
  • duration of work production units(indispensable if you need to estimate the output per unit of time).

How production is accounted for

Output is a quantitative expression of labor productivity. Since this indicator plays enough important role When analyzing the work of an enterprise, it is necessary to somehow keep records of it. This is especially true in cases where a piece-rate wage system is used, which directly depends on the output indicator. Keeping such records gives the entrepreneur the following opportunities:

  • availability of data on the performance results of each employee;
  • fair distribution of wages in accordance with production indicators (excluding defective products);
  • ensuring control over the compliance of the quantity of products produced with the materials and raw materials released to the workshop);
  • identification of “bottlenecks” that impede the movement of semi-finished products between workshops and departments.

Concerning modern systems accounting, then in relation to production the following are most widespread:

  • in accordance with the work order for performing a certain amount of work;
  • in accordance with the so-called “route map”;
  • assessment of the indicator based on the final results of the work.

Output level

Output is quantity finished products(also in some cases, components and semi-finished products are taken into account), which was produced by one unit of labor or per unit of time. In addition, the concepts of output level indicators are also distinguished:

  • average output per hour - determined by dividing the volume of products manufactured during the period by the number of man-hours of work in the workshop;
  • average output per day - directly related to the previous indicator (determined by multiplying the value per hour by the length of the working day or shift);
  • the output of one worker is determined by the ratio of products manufactured per month (or any other reporting period) to the average payroll production personnel.

What can affect production

Output is the amount of products produced per unit of time. It is worth noting that this indicator is not stable and may fluctuate depending on a number of factors:

  • the introduction of new technologies or operations can have two effects: on the one hand, it leads to the rationalization of the production process, and on the other, it can cause delays during the development period;
  • adding new workers to the team who need time to adapt and become familiar with the production process;
  • the use of previously unused raw material resources (here, too, production may decrease for some time);
  • mass production leads to natural fluctuations in this indicator.

Conclusion

Output can be considered one of the key indicators, because it, in fact, is a reflection of labor productivity. This value makes it possible to evaluate the results of work in physical or monetary terms. This indicator is especially important for enterprises that use a piece-rate wage system, because it makes it possible to fairly distribute monetary resources between employees.