Homemade sanding drums. Do-it-yourself drum sander Manual sanding tools

Every DIYer who to some extent works with wood probably has a separate device dedicated to sanding, be it on sanding machine or manually, but sometimes it happens that the part being processed has round shape Or it needs to be sanded inside. In this article I will tell you how the author made sanding drums with his own hands, with the help of which Finishing work will not be a burden.

To do this homemade product we will need materials such as:
*Wooden planks, their thickness may vary, for an average drum it is 15-20mm.
*Steel rod or ready-made bolt.
*Washers and nuts.
*Sandpaper.
*Carpentry and PVA glue.
*Crowns or so-called ring drills.
*Erasers for banknotes.

First step. In order to start work, we need to decide on the dimensions of the drum, after the dimensions are selected, we select a crown for that same size. Crown installed in drilling machine drill out 5 round blanks, given quantity you can change depending on the desired height and the thickness of the workpieces themselves.

Second step. Armed with PVA glue, glue the adjacent surfaces of the finished round blanks and clamp them to each other using a vice, maintain gluing accuracy so that one bar does not extend beyond the edges of the other. At this stage, the strength properties of PVA glue will be sufficient.
Wait for it to dry completely, then fasten the bolt in the middle into the drilled hole and tighten it on both sides with nuts, having previously placed a washer on both sides.

Third step. This stage requires a grinding machine or sandpaper; the first method will be easier and faster. Clamp in cordless drill bolt with a finished drum and grind it with coarse sandpaper, gradually moving to a finer grain size, thereby giving smooth surface to our drum.

Fourth step. The final stage of assembly includes cleaning the drums from dust that was formed in the previous stage, as well as covering the surface with wood glue for gluing the grinding element. Using ordinary scissors, cut out a piece of sandpaper pre-marked to size and glue it to the adhesive surface of the drum, joint to joint, and so that it does not protrude while the glue dries, secure it temporarily with rubber bands for banknotes.

After that. Once the glue has completely dried, you can use the homemade product for its intended purpose, try the drums in action.

Thank you all and good luck with your DIY inventions and gadgets.

For the manufacture of a grinding drum (in common parlance, “bosses”).

A block of 90x60x60 mm is used as a workpiece

diagonals are drawn on it and the center for the faceplate is marked so that it is convenient to center

an 8.5 mm hole is drilled in the center in order to subsequently screw a capercaillie into it (a large turnkey screw. It is advisable to drill it using a drilling machine, since in this case the alignment of the hole in the axis of the workpiece is very important

We attach the faceplate to the workpiece

turning the workpiece on a lathe

We grind it periodically, checking its cylindricity with a caliper (that is, the diameter of the part should be the same in any place).

As a result, we get this cylindrical part

into which the “cracker” is screwed. Using a caliper with a depth gauge (you can just use a nail of a suitable length) the depth of the hole is measured, and the “cracker” is shortened to fit it using a grinder.

Using a long self-tapping screw, coat the walls of the hole polymer glue. We twist the “cracker” into it and cut off the cap with a grinder, holding it in a vice.

Then we make a small conductor. We take a piece of plywood and a calibrated block.

Having attached the boss blank, we mark the position of the block.

Then, having previously drilled into the edge (a pair of holes with a thin drill for self-tapping screws), we screw the block onto the plywood base. First, one self-tapping screw, then, aligning the block with the square, the second.

Using another self-tapping screw, we attach our under-drum to the resulting frame.

Using a circular saw, we select a groove in the drum along the stop (we adjust the offset of the disk so that it does not catch the axle in any case). We do this in several passes, obtaining approximately a 10 mm niche exactly in the center of the drum.

Then the car “anti-noise” comes into play. Mark 95 mm on it and cut it off stationery knife long piece.

We wrap our drum with it without going into the groove.

The excess that overlaps the groove is cut off with the same stationery knife along a smooth block.

A plank like this is cut out of hard wood (it is slightly narrowed at the bottom). A couple of holes are drilled in it.

The drum is wrapped in sandpaper. You must try to ensure that it fits into the groove symmetrically.

The sandpaper is stretched and pressed with this kind of wedge. You can hit it a little with a mallet through a block to immerse it below the grinding surface.

The wedge, plunging into the groove, tightens the sandpaper. All that remains is a pair of self-tapping screws (the holes for them were drilled in advance), we fix the wedge in place.

Ready. the drum is attached either to a drilling machine, or you can clamp it into a vertically mounted drill (there are a lot of options).
It performs its function "perfectly"

Every person who has had to deal with wood processing knows the importance of final sanding of the finished product.

This also applies to holders for various agricultural implements, and wooden furniture, and building elements (doors, windows, window sills) and any other wood products. Sanding allows you to remove burrs, as well as make the wood smooth and shiny.

Of course, sanding work can be done using a regular piece of sandpaper or a special attachment on a drill or angle grinder. But this takes a lot of time and does not ensure the ideal shape of the product. Therefore, various grinding machines have been created for such purposes.

Most often, in domestic conditions and in small-scale production, a drum drum is used. grinding machine, the device, operating principle and the possibility of making it yourself we will consider in this publication.

1 Drum sander - device, principle of operation

The drum grinder gets its name from the rotating cylinder - the drum, which, in fact, performs the grinding function.

In addition to the grinding itself, which allows you to remove burrs and give wooden surface ideal smoothness, such devices also perform a calibration function. Grinder drum or any other type allows you to adjust the wooden part to required sizes accurate to the millimeter.

This machine is used for finishing grinding and calibration of flat and long wood products, such as panel surfaces made of wood, chipboard, fiberboard, etc., doors, window sills, etc. The use of such a device for processing cylindrical parts is not possible.

1.1 Main components

Drum sanding machine appearance and the set of main components does not differ fundamentally from any other machines.

The basic package of such a device includes the following elements:

The bed is the part of any machine to which all other elements are attached.
The engine performs the function of driving the moving parts of the machine. Most often, drum sanders for wood are equipped with two motors. One rotates the drum itself according to the principle of a drill, the second sets the feed belt in motion.
A sanding planing drum on which the sanding belt is wound and attached. It is necessarily equipped with a tension mechanism, with the help of which, when the tape is heated, it is automatically tensioned. A rotating drum with a sanding belt directly imparts smoothness to the wood product.
Feed drum with conveyor belt. This machine part woodworking performs independent wiring wooden product on the grinding drum. Thanks to the flat surface of the conveyor and the same distance from the belt to the drum along its entire plane, the product is evenly adjusted to the required dimensions.
A mechanism that regulates the speed of the conveyor belt.
Sanding drum fixing posts equipped with a ruler. A ruler and screw fixation on the stands allow you to set required thickness, to which the product must be fitted.
The protective casing covers the grinding drum to prevent injury during operation.
Machine for removing dust and chips.

1.2 Operating principle

This grinding machine works on the principle of a drill. Its grinding part is rotated by a motor at high speed - an average of 2000 rpm.

The grinder may have different weight, different sizes, length of the sanding drum, length and width of the conveyor belt, maximum and minimum height drum settings, etc.

Choice technical parameters the device depends on the functions for which it is purchased.

After installing the machine, you need to calibrate the grinding drum to avoid eccentric rotation and unnecessary vibrations. In addition, an uncentered drum will not be able to clean the products evenly.

To do this, we take two beams of the same height, install them on the feeding belt, lower the drum onto them and fix them in this position. Next, we set the height of the mechanism, depending on the size of the part being sanded.

We turn on the installation. For the first pass it is better to set the minimum speed of the feed belt, for the final – maximum – 3 meters per minute.

The grinding drum should gain momentum, similar to the principle of a drill. After that we put wooden beam to be processed onto the conveyor belt. The passage of the timber under the drum occurs automatically.

Repeat this action required quantity times until our part comes into the desired shape and acquires the specified dimensions.

If the sides of the product have different size, the height of the drum must be adjusted for each change in parameters.

2 Types of machines

If we talk about grinding machines in general, their classification is based on two parameters: scope and functions performed.

By area of application, machines are:

cylindrical grinding machines. Designed for processing parts with a round cross-section;
surface grinding. Their task is to grind flat parts. The drum machine also belongs to this type;
internal grinding. With the help of such mechanisms, the internal surfaces of the product are processed. Drills are often used for this purpose;
specialized. Designed for processing complex surfaces - threads, grooves, teeth, etc.

Different machines can perform different functions:

trimming and stripping;
sharpening;
grinding.

2.1 Making a drum machine with your own hands

It is difficult to make a drum sander for untreated wood with your own hands, but it is quite possible.

For this we take a list necessary elements and looking for suitable material and spare parts.

And so, we need:

Bed. For these purposes, any stable workbench or table to which you can screw other elements of the machine is suitable. It is better if the frame is metal. If you have to use a wooden structure, you need to qualitatively strengthen it with your own hands.
Electric motor with a power of 200-300 W. The speed should be 1500-2000 rpm. It's better if it's single-phase asynchronous motor. For these purposes, a mechanism from an old one is suitable washing machine(in this case we also take pulleys with a belt from it), drills, grinders, etc.
Sanding drum for wood. This is probably the most important and most difficult part of the machine, on which the quality of the work performed will depend. We’ll talk about how and what to make a homemade grinding drum with your own hands later.
Drum stands. The device that fixes the drum and regulates its height can be made of wooden beams. The mechanism that regulates the height can be made with your own hands in two versions. First option - through holes on the racks through which the drum will be attached. This option is simpler, but it allows you to work only with a fixed adjustment step of about 1 cm. The second option is long screws installed perpendicular to the drum. In this case, by pressing the screws we can raise the grinding device, and by releasing it we can lower it. In the second option, it is possible to adjust the height with millimeter precision.

We will not make a conveyor belt with our own hands. This is possible, but it is not necessary. Submit to homemade machines, as a rule, is carried out manually.

2.2 Making a drum

Before we begin making the drum itself, we need to clearly understand what functions our machine will perform. The point is that what smaller size cylinder, the easier and faster it will be rotated by the engine from the drill.

To make a grinding drum, we need a piece of anything that has a cylindrical shape, the required length and diameter. This could be a wooden beam with round, PVC pipe, metal pipe and much more.

We will consider a PVC pipe as a material for making a drum with our own hands.

Take the required size piece plastic pipe. We will also need a metal pin that acts as an axis, wooden or plastic plugs that match in diameter with internal diameter pipes, screws, rubber, glue.
We take plugs and make holes in them corresponding in diameter to the thickness of the rod.
The holes in the plugs must be strictly in the center. The slightest eccentricity of the drum will lead to improper operation of the machine.
We fit the plugs tightly into the pipe and fix them with self-tapping screws.
Insert the pin into the holes in the plugs. The axis should protrude 2-3 cm from the cylinder on each side. It is this that will serve as an attachment to the adjustment posts.
We glue rubber onto the drum. To her It will be easier to attach the sanding belt.

2.3 Assembling the machine

To assemble the machine you need:

Install the stands on the bed.
Attach the drum to them so that its lifting height can be adjusted.
Connect the motor to the drum using a belt or chain drive.
You can start working.

2.4 Homemade drum sander (video)

Sanding various wooden parts is a necessity faced by everyone who wants to make repairs in their home, or with my own hands create some decorative element.

Of course, you can sand small parts with regular sandpaper, but to cope with a large amount of work, you should change the sandpaper to a grinding machine. It will help to significantly save time and quickly bring the part into the appropriate form. One of these useful devices is also a drum sander.

Classification and structure

Drum-type grinding devices belong to calibration class machines. This type of grinding machine is most often used for working on wood, but it can also be used to process other materials.

A cylindrical grinding wheel (drum) allows you to calibrate boards and slats of various lengths and configurations. The workpiece can also be made from different materials: Chipboard, veneer, etc.

Structure of the grinding apparatus:

Cylindrical grinding drum.
Feeding device.
Dust removal device.
Working surface.
Drum speed converter.
The motor that drives the grinding cylinder.
Bed for fastening key components of the machine.
Drum height regulator.
Operator protection device.

The main structural elements of a drum machine are listed here. Depending on the specific model device and the specifics of its purpose, the configuration may vary slightly.

Main device models

Drum-type machines can be purchased ready-to-use. There are several of the most popular and widespread brands for the production of these devices. It makes sense to present their individual models.

JET Company. The American company specializes in the production of modern machines of the most various types, including drums. Its product line includes several grinding machines with a cylindrical working wheel.

JET DDS-225. This machine is one of the most powerful devices of this type in the manufacturer’s line. It is used both in home workshops and in small industries. Characteristic– double grinding drum. The cost of this machine is appropriate - from 150,000 rubles.
JET 10-20 PLUS. Compact grinding device that allows you to process up to 50 centimeters of surfaces. Perfect for small home workshops. The cost does not exceed 25 thousand rubles.
JET 16-23 PLUS. It is considered one of the most versatile machines of its type. It is used for processing building materials, kitchen appliances and even musical instruments. Most often, such a machine is used in small furniture production enterprises.

Corvette 57. A Chinese-made machine, which is quite different high quality assembly and wide functionality. The machine is designed for grinding flat surfaces wooden blanks and turning parts to required sizes. The machine has a fairly affordable price - 24 thousand rubles.

In addition to these machines, there are also good options from German manufacturers. It is worth noting that, depending on the price, German companies also offer corresponding sets of capabilities for their devices. The minimum amount for which you can purchase a grinding machine in the basic configuration is 15-16 thousand rubles.

Video: step by step production drum grinding machine.

How to make a grinding machine with your own hands?

If you can’t pay quite a lot of money for a decent version of a drum sanding machine, then you should try to make it yourself. For a person who is well versed in mechanics, this is not too much difficult task. In addition, this way you will be able to save significant financial resources.

In order to assemble a drum sanding machine at home, you need to acquire the following parts:

Grinding drum. A cylindrical device can be created on the basis of “garbage” building materials. For these purposes, they often use even pieces wooden blocks, which are evenly attached to a special metal axis using glue. In this case, special attention should be paid to the tight fit of these bars to each other. The drum can also be made on the basis of a polyvinyl chloride pipe with a diameter of up to 10 cm, which is placed on an iron rod with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm. It should be slightly shorter in length than the rod itself. We insert special plugs with holes for the rod into the ends of the pipe. We recommend securing the plugs with screws. We thread and secure the rod. We wrap a thick layer of rubber onto the pipe, onto which the sandpaper will be attached.
Engine. It is best to use a working motor from an old washing machine (as well as pulleys, belts, etc.). The optimal motor power should be from 200 to 300 W. It is desirable that the motor is also asynchronous and single-phase. RPM level – 2000-3000.
Frame. The design should be simple and convenient. It is best for the machine body to consist of two side panels, a spacer and the table itself. Special attention You should pay attention to the strength and rigidity of the work table, which should not be deformed when the workpiece being processed is pressed onto the drum. The desktop must consist of a base and a moving part.

Once the main parts of the machine have been assembled separately, you can begin final assembly the entire apparatus. First of all, you should attach the motor to the bottom of the machine body in place drilled holes. Sanding drum installed in the upper part of the housing and attached to two bearings, which are located on the side walls of the housing.

Then we attach special pulleys to the drum and motor and tighten the drive belt. After all necessary preparations with electrical wires, we fasten the work table with special bolts that will hold it at the required level. Experts strongly recommend installing a protective casing on the machine.

It is worth noting that self-creation A drum sander also does not come without certain costs. First of all, this concerns your time, but the machine will cost you less than a factory one only if you have a working motor. Without an engine and certain skills to create cheap analogue a branded machine is almost impossible.

Everyone who worked construction work, repairs, restoration of old doors, windows, window sills, etc., I was certainly faced with the need for the working surface to be flat, smooth and sliding. We used to take it in our hands sandpaper, if the surface was large, then the sandpaper was strengthened on a wooden trowel and, stocking up with great patience, they began the monotonous, monotonous work of sanding. Now, a lot of devices, so-called grinding machines and machines, have been created to help professionals and amateurs. Using them for certain grinding operations, we make the process of manual labor easier for ourselves by transferring some of the simple functions to the machine. Today we will talk about grinding machines that are used for processing wooden products.

Purpose, classification and areas of application of grinding machines

Grinding machines are used to reduce the surface roughness of workpieces, as well as to obtain accurate dimensions. Usually grinding is The final stage processing of pre-prepared parts.

When working on grinding machines, grinding materials and tools are used.

Sanding materials - special powders, pastes, sandpapers.

Grinding tools include cutting, polishing and grinding tools, wheels, bars and segments.

Depending on their purpose, machines are divided into several types:

Cylindrical grinding;

Internal grinding;

Surface grinding;

Specialized grinding machines.

The classification of machines is based on the following characteristics:

Type of surface to be ground (internal or external, cylindrical or flat);

Type of parts that this machine can process (cylinders, shafts, rollers, racks, etc.);

Design features of machines (centerless, planetary, two-column);

Features of the elements of the processed parts (splines, threads, profiles, etc.).

The area in which grinding machines are used is very wide. Recent advances in machine tool construction, as well as the production of parts by casting, stamping, rolling, turning and carpentry, make it possible to use grinding machines instead of turning and milling machines (horizontal boring machines). Nowadays grinding machines can perform the following operations:

Cutting and peeling of workpieces;

Precise processing of various planes, wheel teeth, rotational surfaces, etc.;

Sharpening tools.

Drum grinding machine: purpose and main elements

Drum Sanding Machine By type it belongs to surface grinders, by class - to calibration ones. The main tool of the machine is the grinding wheel, which is made in the shape of a cylinder (drum). Typically this machine is used for woodworking. Using it, it is very convenient to grind and calibrate boards, slats and other flat and long wooden parts, such as panel surfaces made of chipboard, MDF, solid wood, veneer, etc.

The main elements of a drum grinding machine are:

The bed on which all the components and parts of the machine are mounted;

The motor ensures the rotation of the grinding and feeding drums;

Sanding drum;

Mechanism for changing the rotation speed of the feed drum

Desktop;

Feed drum;

Protective cover;

Dust removal device;

Mechanism for changing the height of the grinding drum.

You can see how a drum sanding machine works in the video.

Some models of drum-type grinding machines presented on the Russian market

Today on Russian market Grinding equipment in the drum grinding machines section presents products from various manufacturers. The leading place here is occupied by products under the JET brand. The American company JET, part of the Swiss holding WMH Tool Group AG, today presents the following industrial and household drum grinding machines:

JET 10-20 Plus. Price: 25,000 rub.

The drum sander with a total capacity of 500 mm (250 mm x 2) is well suited for a small workshop where space is at a premium.

JET 16-23 Plus. Price: 37,000 rub.

Universal grinding machine with huge potential and capabilities: production of musical instruments, furniture production, kitchen sets, shop and bar equipment, performing a wide range of carpentry operations.

Double drum sander JET DDS-225. Price: 160,000 rub.

A very powerful machine, suitable for use in production conditions.

The Russian "Tool Company "Enkor" - the official dealer of leading foreign manufacturers of tools, equipment, machines, etc., offers the "Corvette 57" drum grinding machine manufactured in China. The machine is designed to perform preliminary grinding of flat wooden blanks and bringing products to a given size, processing varnished and primed surfaces.

Corvette 57 - drum sanding machine price: 24100 rub.

German company Elmos Werkzeuge, manufacturer of power tools, woodworking equipment, garden equipment, presents its drum grinding machine Elmos DS 163. Price: 16,400 rubles. Designed for use in production as an alternative to hand grinders.

To sum it up brief overview grinding machines that are offered for purchase in the Russian Federation, we can say with confidence that there is a certain choice. You can find machines for use on large production, in small business and for personal use. As they say: “Every whim for your money.”

However, not everyone today is ready to shell out a tidy sum for a grinding machine. And the habit left over from the times of the Soviet Union of doing everything from scrap materials and with their own hands forces modern Kulibins to move their brains, rustle through the underbelly and “the eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing” - to produce many useful and necessary things. Moreover, technologically they are not much inferior to their production analogues, but the price is several times cheaper. Below we will look at how to assemble homemade drum grinding machine.

DIY drum grinder

We discussed above what it is useful for, as well as what it should consist of. Therefore, we take a list of the main elements and begin to search and collect them. And then we’ll talk about how to make a drum sander at home

Engine

Let's start with the engine. The easiest way is to take it from an old washing machine. If it is there, then half the job is done. From there you can take all the electrical parts, pulleys and belt.

Making a grinding drum

Now about the drum. It can be made from various materials and sometimes seemingly completely unnecessary remnants of repair and construction activities. For example, from wooden rings cut out and glued together, or four cylindrical bars fixed on a metal axis with epoxy glue, or from a paper tube onto which a roll of linoleum is wound.

Here we will take a closer look at making a drum from a piece of PVC pipe. For manufacturing we will need: a steel rod 16-20 mm, a piece PVC pipes diameter 100 mm, wooden plank, screws, rubber, glue. Perhaps that's all. The steel rod will be the axis of the drum. Cut the required size piece from the pipe. It is slightly shorter in length than the rod. We cut out two end caps of diameter from wood internal section our PVC pipe. We drill a hole in them for the rod. We insert the plugs into the pipe and secure them with screws. The screw heads must be countersunk. We pass our rod through the holes of the plugs and secure them with epoxy glue. We glue thick rubber on top of the PVC pipe. It will serve as a support for the skin and provide it with a better fit to the part. The drum is ready. You can strengthen the sandpaper using staplers or double sided tape. It is better to glue the tape in a spiral, this will avoid impacts during sanding.

Case and desktop

Wood or aircraft grade 15mm plywood is suitable for the machine body. You can also make a table from them. We make the case simply and unpretentiously: two side panels, a spacer panel in the middle and a desktop consisting of a base firmly attached to the case and a moving part. The work table must be strong and should not bend when the workpiece is pressed against the drum. On the feed side, it can be reinforced with an additional cross member, which will also create a supporting surface for the adjusting screw.

To ensure adjustment of the movement of the working table relative to the drum, we attach its moving part to the base on one side with two hinges or a piano loop, and on the supply side, screw in the adjusting screw through the middle spacer. It is important to know what thread pitch the screw has, then it will be possible to set the required processing thickness of the part.

Installation

We attach the engine to the lower part of the housing. We bring out its axis through a hole previously made in the body. We install a grinding drum in the upper part of the housing. The drum axis rests on two bearings in cages, which are bolted to the side walls. We make the holes for the clips a little larger in diameter. This will make it easier for us to align the drum. We attach pulleys to the axis of the engine and drum and tighten the drive belt. We install wires and a switch. We screw in the adjusting bolts from the bottom and the clamping bolts on the sides, which will support the desktop at the desired height.

The final touch - the body can be treated with varnish or paint, of course, before installation. Now our homemade drum sander is ready for use. For greater ease of use, you can add a protective cover above the drum. Connect the pipe from the vacuum cleaner to the casing. This will remove dust generated during work.

In conclusion. In this article we tried to consider issues related to drum-type grinding machines. And you make the choice to work on a device purchased in a store or make it yourself.