Everything about the unique raisin grape variety. Kishmish grapes: oriental sweetness for the Russian table Kishmish unique reviews

Sugar content: up to 25% Acidity: low, from 4 to 6 g/l. Availability of seeds: seedless berry. Ripening period: 130-150 days. Bunch size: weight 300-800 g. Berry size: weight about 2 g. Productivity – very high. Winter hardiness: does not freeze. Morbidity: depends on care.
This grape variety was bred in Volgograd by crossing the Kishmish black and Severny varieties. The taste of the berries is pleasant, sweet with a slight sour tint. The berries are black and blue, round, weighing up to two grams, with juicy fleshy pulp and a dense but tasty crust. This variety ripens at the end of August. The berries acquire a sweet taste early, which makes it possible to consume the grapes before they are fully ripe. The vine tolerates severe frosts well (up to twenty-five degrees Celsius). Unique raisins eaten in fresh, used for making wine and drying. With appropriate care and preventive measures, the grapevine is resistant to diseases and pests.

Planting and caring for grapes

A properly planted vineyard suffers less and produces bountiful harvest. Grapes prefer light, fertile soil. The landing site is as sunny as possible, protected from strong winds. Planting time: end of May, beginning of June. The soil should be slightly acidic, neutral or alkaline. If the pH is greater than 4, lime must be added to the soil. Grapes grow very well in soils containing sand, they love mineral supplements. In the planting hole, drainage is arranged from crushed stone or sand, about three kilograms of humus and 150 grams are added to the soil mineral fertilizer(superphosphate). The size of the planting hole is about seventy centimeters in depth and width. The roots of the plant are well leveled when planting. Having poured a small mound at the bottom of the planting hole, a seedling is placed on top, the roots are distributed over the mound, sprinkled with earth on top and watered. Grapes are grown from cuttings and seedlings.
Planting grapes from cuttings:
In the fall, cuttings are cut (the lower cut is immediately below the node, the upper cut is two centimeters higher than the eye);
store until the end of February, in cellophane film, in a cool, dark place;
at the beginning of spring, soak in a solution of a root formation stimulator for a day, then in water for a day room temperature;
placed in a small container filled with sawdust, covered with a plastic bag;
sprayed and watered daily;
after a month and a half, when the roots appear, they are transplanted into a mixture of peat and sand (1:1);
planted in open ground late May early June.
If they are planted as seedlings, take annual plants with healthy, undamaged roots at least ten centimeters long.
Young grapes need to be fed regularly, the soil around the vine must be loosened, weeds must be pulled out, and watered as needed in dry weather. It is strictly prohibited to prune grapes in the first year of planting. For the winter, it is advisable to remove the young vine from vertical support and cover with spruce branches.

Watering and pruning grapes

Grapes have a powerful root system, which penetrates deep into the ground, so it easily tolerates drought. With abundant watering, the yield of the grapevine doubles.
Kishmish is a unique, very prolific variety (this is what it owes to the word unique in its name), so it is necessary to carry out regular pruning by 4-6 and 8-10 buds to prevent branches from breaking off.

Kishmish is an amazing grape that can be used both as a table variety and as a technical one. An unusually sweet taste with nutmeg notes appeals to adults and children. But the most main feature varieties - lack of seeds. You can devour sultanas by both cheeks without any fear of the seeds. Although they are not harmful, they have an astringent taste that not many people like. Raisins, which are well known to us, are also made from healthy Kishmish.

History of the Kishmish grape

The name of this variety has Persian roots, and sounds delicious, like some kind of oriental sweet - Kishmish. Literally translated as “dried grapes.” Naturally, the birthplace of this variety is Central Asia. Kishmish was first mentioned in 1212, in an Uzbek fairy tale.

Once upon a time, grapes with very small seeds or with their complete absence appeared on the territory of Central Asia. This happened through natural mutation. The natural experiment was noticed by people and continued. The result of painstaking work was the birth of many varieties of grapes with white, pink or dark berries.

Kishmish is a unique creation of nature, which people have enjoyed using

Description and characteristics of the variety

The name Kishmish unites large group varieties that have several characteristics.

This is probably where the general similarities end. Varieties have different terms ripening and frost resistance.

Kishmish Radiant - video

Popular varieties

Thanks to breeding work heat-loving varieties of Kishmish can now be grown not only in Middle lane Russia, but also in colder regions. The most popular varieties differ not only in the color and size of the berries, but also in their set of characteristics.

1. Kishmish Hungarian, or Kishmish 342 - very popular variety. It is considered early, since it takes only 110–115 days to ripen. The plant is vigorous. The berries are medium-sized, light green. The mass of the brush is from 300 to 500 g. The pulp is tender, with a nutmeg flavor. Resistant to fungal diseases. Withstands frosts from 22 to -26°C. Used as dessert variety, suitable for drying.

   Kishmish Hungarian can withstand severe frosts

2. Kishmish Aksai is an early ripening variety; the harvest can be harvested in late July - early August. Bushes of medium vigor. The bunch is large, conical in shape, with an average weight of 500 - 600 g. The berries are large, oval. The pulp has a pleasant harmonious taste with a light nutmeg aroma, and the sugar content is high. The berries are colored light pink, but become dark pink when fully ripe. Resistant to mildew, oidium, relatively resistant to gray rot. Presentation and transportability are good.

   Kishmish Aksai is resistant to many diseases

3. Kishmish Century - a variety bred in 1966 in the USA, is famous throughout the world. The average ripening period is 120–125 days from the beginning of the growing season. The plant has a vigorous bush. The clusters are conical, medium in density, very large - 700 – 1200 g. The berries are yellow-green, oval shape, with a thin but durable skin. The pulp is homogeneous, slightly crispy, sweet. The taste is balanced, with a nutmeg aroma, sugar content 13%, acidity - 6 g/l. The variety has increased resistance to cracking, which ensures good presentation. But it doesn’t store very well - the berries quickly turn brown. Frost-resistant - can withstand down to -25°C.

   Kishmish Century - a popular variety from America

4. Kishmish Radiant is the only variety included in the State Register. Admission regions are Lower Volga and North Caucasus. Refers to varieties with an average ripening period of 125 – 130 days. A vigorous bush with medium-sized, five-lobed, strongly dissected leaves. Leaf plate light green, with a shiny surface. The flower is bisexual. The brush is winged, loose, with an average weight of 413 g. According to some data, it can gain weight up to 1 kg. The berries have an elongated ovoid shape, and average value. The pink skin is dense, the flesh is pleasant to the taste, fleshy and juicy. The tasters' rating is very high - 9.1 points (on a 10-point scale). Average yield - 126 c/ha. It is affected by mildew by 4 points, gray mold by 3 points (the indicator is significantly lower than the standard), and by oidium by 1 point.

   Kishmish Radiant - the owner of excellent taste

5. Kishmish Moldavian is a medium-late variety; 155 days pass from bud break to the stage of technical ripeness. The bush is vigorous. The clusters are large, with an average weight of 600 g. The berries are round, sometimes oval, the skin is thin and durable, light purple with a slight waxy coating. The flesh is fleshy and crispy. The taste is harmonious and sweet. The variety is resistant to mildew and phylloxera. If leaf roller damage does not occur, the berries are resistant to gray rot. Withstands frosts down to -18°C. Shows excellent transportability and has a long shelf life.

   Kishmish Moldavian - a variety that is not afraid of transportation and storage

Landing Features

Successful cultivation of Kishmish grapes begins with the right variety, which according to its characteristics is suitable for your region. In addition, some rules must be followed.

Site selection and soil preparation

Choosing the right place for any grapes is a crucial moment in the planting process. For example, Kishmish will not grow in dense shade. It is not worth planting next to trees due to competition for water and nutrients. Also exclude areas with constant drafts - grapes love comfort. To plant this variety, you need to set aside the warmest and sunniest area, open to the south or southwest. The place should be level or have a slight slope.

Sunlight - unique element, giving Kishmish incredible sweetness

Light shading is permissible only in the first years of development. Since Kishmish has vigorous bushes, the crown of ripening grapes can easily be brought into the zone of greatest illumination.

A good option is to plant the plant near stone wall technical structure - a barn, a garage, covering the grapes on the north side. This should not be done near the house, as excessive watering can lead to settlement of the foundation.

In principle, Kishmish can grow on any soil. But a stable harvest will only be produced in loose and nutritious soils that warm up quickly enough and provide the root system with easy access to oxygen and moisture. Loamy and light loamy soils, chernozems on chalk and calcareous rocks have these characteristics. Sandstones can also become not a bad option, but their ability to quickly lose moisture and nutrients should be taken into account.

Soils with subsoil impenetrable to roots (rock outcrops located closer than 1 m to the surface), marshy and saline areas are considered unsuitable for vineyards.

Prepare the soil in advance. If planting will be carried out in the spring, then begin preparing the site in the fall.

• clear the area of ​​vegetation and stones, level the surface by filling in the holes;
• Dig the soil deeply (to a depth of at least 65 cm), at the same time adding rotted humus (3 - 4 kg per 1 m²) and 100 g of superphosphate. Large clods There is no need to break up the soil, such uneven areas will help to catch more precipitation during the winter and will disintegrate on their own by spring;
• 1 – 1.5 kg of phosphate rock is added to acidic soils;
• to improve the condition of severe clay soil, add crushed stone, coarse sand and humus;
• loose sandy soil is bound by adding peat, manure and chernozem;
• if it is difficult to carry out continuous digging in the area, use tape planting.

When digging up the selected area in the fall, do not break up the clods of earth; they will disintegrate on their own over the winter

Boarding time

Kishmish can be planted in spring and autumn. In the places where the variety comes from, and in the southern regions, planting is done in the fall. Seedlings are planted in October - November, depending on the weather.

Using Crimea as an example, I can say that autumn is the most convenient time for planting grapes, and not only that. Favorable weather, combining warmth and precipitation, creates that unique microclimate when the root system has time to adapt to new conditions before the onset of the first frost.

In cooler regions, where autumn can bring surprises in the form of sudden frosts, planting is best done in the spring. But in this case you need to hurry. The process will be successful if the grape seedling is planted before sap flow begins, while the plant has not yet woken up. The soil temperature should be within 10°C to prevent the roots from freezing. As a rule, such conditions are typical for April - early May.

In addition, you should know that in the fall it is practiced to plant seedlings, and for cuttings best time- spring.

Kishmish is planted in both spring and autumn

Selection of seedlings

Depends on how well you choose planting material, the further development of the plant and its productivity depend.

1. Young seedlings tolerate the transplantation process most easily. Therefore, 1-2 year old plants are considered the most preferable.
2. Roots. There is only one rule - the more roots, the better. Make sure there are no damage, swelling, or torn ends. Ask the seller to cut off a piece of the root; if the cut is light, it means the seedling is alive.
3. Standard Smooth, without signs of infections and necrotic spots, thickenings and swellings.
4. Growth. It should be mature, not thin, and have several buds.

The grape seedling must have a good root system and have at least one annual growth

Landing process

The planting hole for grapes is dug with a reserve. Its depth is 70 - 80 cm, width - 1 m. Such volumes are due to the fact that the roots of the seedling are able to develop well only in loosened soil, which provides the root system with the necessary oxygen.

1. The fertile layer removed during digging is mixed with 2 - 3 buckets of rotted manure or humus, 200 - 300 g of superphosphate, 100 - 200 g of potassium salt.
2. A support is driven into the hard bottom of the pit and drainage is laid - broken brick or coarse gravel.
3. Fill in the soil mixture and fill it with water so that the soil settles.
4. When the time for planting approaches, a hole is dug in the hole. Its depth should be such that after planting only 2 eyes are visible above the soil surface.
5. The roots of the seedling should be directed straight down.
6. After planting, the seedling is watered warm water, after absorbing moisture, the soil is mulched.

Proven method of planting grapes - video

When planting seedlings, it is important to adhere to the scheme. There should be 2.5 - 3 m between plants in a row. The same distance should be maintained between rows.

The depth of planting grapes directly depends on climate region And soil composition. In the southern regions, seedlings are planted so that the heel is at a level of 50 - 55 cm from the soil surface. In cold areas and sandy soils- 60 – 65 cm.

Features of care

Its productivity depends on how competent care Kishmish receives.

Watering and fertilizing

Kishmish loves watering. But too frequent and insufficient in volume will not bring benefits. In addition, the quality of the soil should be taken into account; for example, sandy soils require more moisture than chernozem.

Seedlings require special attention. They are watered every 4 days, especially if the weather is hot. Under young plant 3-4 buckets of water should be poured out. To ensure that the moisture is absorbed evenly, divide this amount into 2 doses - morning and evening.

The most important watering periods for fruit-bearing grapes are:

• beginning of the growing season;
• a week before flowering begins;
• immediately after flowering;
• berry filling period.

2 weeks before harvest, watering is reduced by half.

There are many acceptable methods of watering for grapes, one of them is drip

Fertilizing should be done in moderation. For Kishmish, mixed feeding is considered favorable, alternating organic matter and complex fertilizers.

Fertilizer table

Once every 3 years in the fall, you can add manure or compost for digging.

Foliar treatment to improve crop quality

During the flowering period of Kishmish grapes, the drug Gibberellin is used, which reduces the abscission of the ovary, as a result of which the yield increases. In addition, it increases the weight and sugar content of berries. For the same purpose, you can use the drug Ovary.

Trimming

Each grape seedling must be given shape in the first 3 to 4 years of development. Without this important technique, the plant will not be able to produce high-quality harvests and caring for it will be problematic.

Kishmish begins to be pruned in the spring, regardless of the planting date. As a rule, a cordon form is used with one, sometimes with two sleeves, which are most often directed in one direction.

According to this scheme, a single-arm cordon is formed

In order not to overload the bush, an average of 10 to 12 vines are allowed per 1 m of plant height. Since the variety is vigorous, long pruning is practiced for it - from 8 to 12 buds. Practice shows that in Asian varieties, to which Kishmish belongs, the first 4–5 buds are sterile, so it is advisable to use long pruning for them. After the shoots begin to grow, be sure to carry out normalization, removing barren buds and excess inflorescences, leaving 2 brushes on each shoot.

How many eyes to trim grapes - video

Preparing for winter

In the southern regions there is no need to cover grapes. But if you grow sunny berries in central Russia and further north, then this care method must be carried out.

1. In the fall, weed the rows, since over the summer the soil there becomes compacted and the moisture reserves in it decrease. Loosened soil better captures and retains moisture.
2. At the same time, destroy the weeds, as pests spend the winter in them.
3. Fertilize with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and pre-winter watering on time.

Young grape bushes are covered earlier than fruiting ones. The vines are untied, laid on the ground and pinned with iron or wooden staples. Closed from above non-woven material and covered with earth. You can build boxes from plywood.

The vines removed from the support are pinned to the soil and then covered with non-woven material.

Diseases and pests

Fruit abundantly and show high quality Only healthy grapes can bear fruit. Therefore, the prevention and protection of plants from diseases and pests must be approached responsibly.

1. White rot. Initially, the ridge and stalk of the grapes are affected. Then the fungus spreads to individual berries, and then covers the entire bunch. The berries become lethargic, turn red and fall off. Diseased vines become covered with round spots, edged with a black rim. In the affected areas, the bark is soaked. In damp weather, you can see the spores of the pathogen - dirty white dots. They form on affected berries and areas of the vine. The problem most often appears after sunburn, hail, mildew. The disease is treatable; measures to combat it include spraying with a 4% solution of Bordeaux mixture, 5% Captan solution or 1% TMTD suspension. Prevention:
   
2. Gray rot. The disease can appear on berries at the very beginning of their formation. But the most affected are grapes that have begun to ripen or have already begun to ripen. The berries become covered with brown spots, the skin cracks on them, and a gray fluffy coating appears - sporulation of the fungus. If the autumn is dry, then the fungus causes the berries to raisin, the so-called noble rot. Brushes affected by gray rot are not suitable for transportation and storage. Unfortunately, no fungus effective treatment. Therefore, all efforts should be directed towards preventive measures:
   
3. Rubella. The disease primarily affects the leaves. At the end of April - beginning of May, light spots appear on them, which then spread between the veins. On varieties with light berries they acquire Brown color with a narrow waxy yellow border. On dark varieties, the color of the spots is bright burgundy with a yellow-green border. Affected leaves dry out and fall off prematurely. The consequence of rubella can be inhibition of the growth of shoots, inflorescences and ovaries. Not in better side The taste of the grapes may change. If rubella appeared last season, then in the spring, as soon as the leaves begin to appear, spray 2–3 times with 1.5–2% Bordeaux mixture or 0.5% Zineb solution. The interval between procedures is 5 – 10 days. Further treatment is the same as against mildew - 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture. Helps reduce the risk of disease timely feeding And proper care behind the soil.

   Rubella-affected grape leaf

4. Leaf roller. The leaf roller caterpillar damages buds, ovaries and berries. One caterpillar can destroy up to 50 buds. If the berries are damaged, then harmful microorganisms develop on them, leading to rotting, first of individual fruits, and then of the entire cluster. For butterflies, baits are made in the form of containers hung among the bushes at a height of 70 cm from the soil surface. Wine dregs, diluted 1/3 with water, are poured into the trap. Treatment with Vofatox (2.5 - 3 g of the drug per 1 m²) or Methylethylthiophos (15 g per 10 l of water) is used against caterpillars. For the purpose of prevention, immediately after removal winter shelter peel off the old bark in which the pupae overwinter and burn it.

   Caterpillars can cause great damage to crops

5. Wasps. These insects, attracted by the sweet taste of the berries, spoil their skin, making the grapes unable to be stored. In addition, damaged berries undergo a rotting process, which extends to whole fruits. You can fight wasps different ways. This includes the use of pesticides, special traps and poisoned baits, and the destruction of nests. But if you consider wasps to be beneficial insects, then measures to combat them may not be so radical. You can, for example, plant plants around grape bushes whose smell is not to the taste of wasps - mint, lemon balm, basil. And in addition to this, put special protective bags made of tulle on the ripening bunches of grapes.

   If you put special bags on ripening grapes, then no wasps are scary

The unique sultana grape variety was bred by Volgograd breeders by crossing Northern grapes with Black sultanas. This vineyard is highly frost-resistant; it can withstand temperatures down to -25 °C. Vine shoots are resistant to diseases and pests.

Unique Kishmish grapes - frost-resistant variety

Description of this variety

The unique raisin is a mid-season variety; its clusters reach full ripening 4-4.5 months after the first leaves appear on the shoots. Description of the variety:

• The grape bushes are distinguished by a strong degree of growth, the vines ripen completely.
• The foliage is medium-sized, with three lobes, slightly dissected.
• The clusters on the vines ripen of medium size, their shape is conical.
• The weight of one brush ranges from 300 to 800 grams. The berries are small, round, blue. The pulp is juicy and the skin is dense.
• The amount of sugar in berries reaches 25%, and the acid in them is no more than 4-5 g/l. The amount of sugar is collected by the fruits even before they are fully ripened (depending on weather conditions), so the berries are eaten before they are fully prepared.
• Kishmish is unique - productive variety, but its vines are prone to overload, so even before the shoots begin to actively flower, the number of bunches should be normalized. If there is an overload, then the fruits in the bunch will ripen unevenly.
• More than 85% of the shoots are fruitful, so when autumn pruning shoots of universal sultana leave both 6 and 10 eyes on one shoot.
• The bunches can withstand transportation and their shelf life is relatively high.
• This grape variety is eaten fresh, dried, and used for making wines and liqueurs.

Unique raisin has excellent transportability

The main advantages of this variety

Kishmish is unique and has several positive aspects. Here are some of them:

• By introducing new conditions for caring for this vineyard, it is possible to achieve increased yields from each bush, greater resistance to diseases and pests, as well as increased frost resistance. With regular fertilizing and proper watering the clusters increase in size, the weight of one brush increases to 700-800 grams.
• The berries do not crack when ripe or in rainy weather.
• The process of lignification of vines occurs faster in this variety than in other grape varieties.
• Good vigor of bushes.
• The shoots are easy to trim.
• The vines are smooth and ripen regardless of the load on them.
• For the winter, it is enough to simply remove it from the trellis and you don’t have to worry about covering the bushes for the winter.
• It grows and bears fruit even on humus-poor soils.
• Every year you can harvest up to 18-20 kg of crop from each bush.
• You should not overload the shoots; to do this, remove the excess ovary in a timely manner.

This varietal vineyard is not too capricious, but the main principles of caring for it must be observed.

If all agrotechnical measures in relation to this variety of sultanas are carried out on time, then every year it will be possible to obtain a bountiful harvest from each vine.

Kishmish unique

* There is no more beautiful and useful plant on earth than grapes. I am sure that thousands of fans of this wonderful culture will agree with this.

When in the early 90s of the last century I purchased several grape seedlings, I did not think that ordinary curiosity would develop into a serious hobby. Now my collection includes more than 30 varieties, but the very first ones remain in it - Beauty of the North, Unique Kishmish, Muscat Donskoy.

Nowadays it’s not easy for a novice winegrower to navigate varietal diversity, which the “grape boom” of the last decade brought with it. If you read the descriptions of the varieties, one is better than the other. And there are many more subjective opinions, sometimes very contradictory, ranging from venerable scientists and recognized grape “authorities” to a neighbor in the country. My head is just spinning. But often knowledge about grapes comes down to reading the characteristics of the variety. We often don’t think about what to do next with the grape plant, that is, how to properly care for it after planting, how to raise a strong fruit-bearing bush. Like, once you plant it, it means something will grow. As a result, a hasty and even negative opinion about varieties and breeders. Meanwhile, sometimes it takes at least 8-10 years of careful and painstaking work with a grape plant for the variety to truly express itself. Moreover, in different regions will have its own characteristics and differences.

I will give an example from my own practice.

A few years ago, to make room for new variety, I wanted to uproot the unique Kishmish bush, which did not suit me with the size and quality of the berries. I left him to spend the winter without shelter. I decided to let him die. But out of spite, it survived the harsh winter, produced strong shoots, and bloomed profusely, while other varieties from my collection (Cosmonaut, Olga, Minsky pink) emerged after overwintering under light cover very weakened. For the last two seasons, the unique Kishmish has surprised and pleased me more than others. It was on it that I worked out some technological aspects that have now become mandatory for other grape varieties. I especially want to draw attention to:

– use of microelements for foliar feeding. This makes it possible to increase the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse weather conditions, accelerates the ripening time of berries and increases the accumulation of sugar in them;

– the use of gibberillin (“Ovary”) and other stimulants of fruit formation on cultivars. You need to learn this business on your own, accumulating own experience, since the timing and doses for each variety often have to be selected individually;

– carrying out special agricultural practices to improve the presentation and quality of the crop, in particular, quite strict regulation of the load of bushes, as well as foliar feeding potassium monophosphate;

– the use of effective culture (honestly, Baikal-EM), without which today I cannot imagine the further development of amateur viticulture. It is the EM culture that will significantly increase the efficiency of not only viticulture, but also the entire farming system, will help improve the health of the soil, increase its natural fertility and will become the basis for obtaining environmentally friendly products.

So, thanks to new elements of agricultural technology, the amazing qualities of the unique Kishmish variety were completely unexpectedly revealed to me. It has coped well with the extreme weather conditions of recent years. He endured the harsh winter of 2005/06 and the rainy summer without a single symptom of disease. The berries ripened by the third ten days of August, almost simultaneously, they were black in color, had a pleasant sweet and sour taste, weighing 2-2.5 g each, i.e. larger than given in the description of the variety. There was no splitting. 500-900 gram clusters hang on the bush for a long time, accumulating sugar and improving taste, and are not affected by wasps. They can be stored in a cool place for several months. The berries do not suffer from gray rot and do not crack. Of course, this is not Kishmish radiant in taste, but ours is not Crimea or Kuban.

One of the main reasons that Kishmish has shown its uniqueness to me in recent years best qualities, is the accumulation by the bush of a sufficiently large amount of perennial wood, without which, in principle, it is impossible for a grape plant to be stably productive. For example, high-quality wines are obtained only from bushes that are at least 12-15 years old.

Kishmish is unique and has many other advantages. It is characterized by moderate growth vigor and is easy to prune. Its vine is clean and smooth, a beautiful light yellow color, and regardless of the load it always ripens well. The variety is not covered (just remove it from the trellis), grows well even on soils poor in humus, and does not require the use of labor-intensive “smart pits”. It produces a stable harvest every year (I have 15-20 kg per bush). The main thing is not to be greedy, not to overload the bush with fruits, promptly removing small, underdeveloped inflorescences and ovaries. In autumn, the foliage takes on an elegant bright red color (this shows its “Amur blood”) - and the bush is still for a long time attracts with its decorativeness, pleasantly pleases the eye. Now it’s clear why the variety is called unique. It turns out that I was able to assess its potential capabilities only after 12 years, when I mastered the basics of the grape business and gained some experience. And how many winegrowers managed to part with the variety during this time! So the question arises: is the reason for failures in ourselves or in the variety? In general, we all still have a lot to learn.

I want to emphasize that everything said above is also relevant in relation to other varieties, in particular, to new complex-resistant varieties, the vast majority of which are without high level agricultural technology and compliance modern technologies is unlikely to be able to demonstrate its potential capabilities.

E. N. Oleshchuk

podxoz.ru

Brief description of the variety

Planting and caring for grapes

Watering and pruning grapes

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All about the unique Kishmish grape variety

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Sugar content: up to 25% Acidity: low, from 4 to 6 g/l. Availability of seeds: seedless berry. Ripening period: 130-150 days. Bunch size: weight 300-800 g. Berry size: weight about 2 g. Productivity – very high. Winter hardiness: does not freeze. Morbidity: depends on care. This grape variety was bred in Volgograd by crossing the Kishmish black and Severny varieties. The taste of the berries is pleasant, sweet with a slight sour tint. The berries are black and blue, round, weighing up to two grams, with juicy fleshy pulp and a dense but tasty crust. This variety ripens at the end of August. The berries acquire a sweet taste early, which makes it possible to consume the grapes before they are fully ripe. The vine tolerates severe frosts well (up to twenty-five degrees Celsius). Unique raisins are eaten fresh, used for making wine and drying. With appropriate care and preventive measures, the grapevine is resistant to diseases and pests.

Planting and caring for grapes

A properly planted vineyard suffers less and produces a bountiful harvest. Grapes prefer light, fertile soil. The landing site is as sunny as possible, protected from strong winds. Planting time: end of May, beginning of June. The soil should be slightly acidic, neutral or alkaline. If the pH is greater than 4, lime must be added to the soil. Grapes grow very well in soils containing sand and love mineral fertilizers. In the planting hole, drainage is arranged from crushed stone or sand, about three kilograms of humus and 150 grams of mineral fertilizer (superphosphate) are added to the soil. The size of the planting hole is about seventy centimeters in depth and width. The roots of the plant are well leveled when planting. Having poured a small mound at the bottom of the planting hole, a seedling is placed on top, the roots are distributed over the mound, sprinkled with earth on top and watered. Grapes are grown from cuttings and seedlings. Planting grapes from cuttings:

In the fall, cuttings are cut (the lower cut is immediately below the node, the upper cut is two centimeters higher than the eye);

Store until the end of February, in cellophane film, in a cool, dark place; in the beginning of spring, soak in a solution of a root formation stimulator for a day, then for a day in water at room temperature; placed in a small container filled with sawdust, covered with a plastic bag; sprayed and watered daily; after a month and a half, when the roots appear, they are transplanted into a mixture of peat and sand (1:1); planted in open ground in late May early June. If planted as seedlings, take annual plants with healthy, intact roots at least ten centimeters long.

Young grapes need to be fed regularly, the soil around the vine must be loosened, weeds must be pulled out, and watered as needed in dry weather. It is strictly prohibited to prune grapes in the first year of planting. For the winter, it is advisable to remove the young vine from the vertical support and cover it with spruce branches.

Watering and pruning grapes

The grapes have a powerful root system that penetrates deep into the ground, so they can easily tolerate drought. With abundant watering, the yield of the grapevine doubles. Kishmish is a unique, very prolific variety (this is what it owes to the word unique in its name), so it is necessary to carry out regular pruning by 4-6 and 8-10 buds to prevent branches from breaking off.

* There is no more beautiful and useful plant on earth than grape. I am sure that thousands of fans of this wonderful culture will agree with this.

When in the early 90s of the last century I purchased several grape seedlings, I did not think that ordinary curiosity would develop into a serious hobby. Now my collection includes more than 30 varieties, but the very first ones remain in it - Beauty of the North, K ishmish unique, Muscat Donskoy.

It is now difficult for a novice winegrower to navigate the varietal diversity that the “grape boom” of the last decade has brought with it. If you read the descriptions of the varieties, one is better than the other. And then there are many subjective opinions, sometimes very contradictory, ranging from venerable scientists and recognized grape “authorities” to a neighbor in the country. My head is just spinning. But often knowledge about grapes comes down to reading the characteristics of the variety. We often don’t think about what to do next with the grape plant, that is, how to properly care for it after planting, how to raise a strong fruit-bearing bush. Like, once you plant it, it means something will grow. As a result, hasty and even negative opinions about varieties and breeders are often formed. Meanwhile, sometimes it takes at least 8-10 years of careful and painstaking work with a grape plant for the variety to truly express itself. Moreover, different regions will have their own characteristics and differences.

I will give an example from my own practice.

Several years ago, in order to make room for a new variety, I wanted to uproot the unique Kishmish bush, which did not suit me with the size and quality of the berries. I left him to spend the winter without shelter. I decided to let him die. But out of spite, it survived the harsh winter, produced strong shoots, and bloomed profusely, while other varieties from my collection (Cosmonaut, Olga, Minsky pink) emerged after overwintering under light cover very weakened. For the last two seasons, the unique Kishmish has surprised and pleased me more than others. It was on it that I worked out some technological aspects that have now become mandatory for other grape varieties. I especially want to draw attention to:

– use of microelements for foliar feeding. This makes it possible to increase the resistance of plants to diseases and adverse weather conditions, accelerates the ripening time of berries and increases the accumulation of sugar in them;

– the use of gibberillin (“Ovary”) and other stimulants of fruit formation on cultivars. You need to learn this matter on your own, accumulating your own experience, since the timing and doses for each variety often have to be selected individually;

– carrying out special agricultural practices to improve the presentation and quality of the crop, in particular, fairly strict regulation of the load of bushes, as well as foliar fertilizing with potassium monophosphate;

– the use of effective culture (honestly, Baikal-EM), without which today I cannot imagine the further development of amateur viticulture. It is the EM culture that will significantly increase the efficiency of not only viticulture, but also the entire farming system, will help improve the health of the soil, increase its natural fertility and will become the basis for obtaining environmentally friendly products.

So, thanks to new elements of agricultural technology, the amazing qualities of the unique Kishmish variety were completely unexpectedly revealed to me. It has coped well with the extreme weather conditions of recent years. He endured the harsh winter of 2005/06 and the rainy summer without a single symptom of disease. The berries ripened by the third ten days of August, almost simultaneously, they were black in color, had a pleasant sweet and sour taste, weighing 2-2.5 g each, i.e. larger than given in the description of the variety. There was no splitting. 500-900 gram clusters hang on the bush for a long time, accumulating sugar and improving taste, and are not affected by wasps. They can be stored in a cool place for several months. The berries do not suffer from gray rot and do not crack. Of course, this is not Kishmish radiant in taste, but ours is not Crimea or Kuban.

One of the main reasons that the unique Kishmish has shown me its best qualities in recent years is the accumulation of a fairly large amount of perennial wood by the bush, without which, in principle, it is impossible for a grape plant to be stably productive. For example, high-quality wines are obtained only from bushes that are at least 12-15 years old.

Kishmish is unique and has many other advantages. It is characterized by moderate growth vigor and is easy to prune. Its vine is clean and smooth, a beautiful light yellow color, and regardless of the load it always ripens well. The variety is not covered (just remove it from the trellis), grows well even on soils poor in humus, and does not require the use of labor-intensive “smart pits”. It produces a stable harvest every year (I have 15-20 kg per bush). The main thing is not to be greedy, not to overload the bush with fruits, promptly removing small, underdeveloped inflorescences and ovaries. In autumn, the foliage acquires an elegant bright red color (this shows its “Amur blood”) - and the bush attracts for a long time with its decorative effect, pleasantly pleasing to the eye. Now it’s clear why the variety is called unique. It turns out that I was able to assess its potential capabilities only after 12 years, when I mastered the basics of the grape business and gained some experience. And how many winegrowers managed to part with the variety during this time! So the question arises: is the reason for failures in ourselves or in the variety? In general, we all still have a lot to learn.

I would like to emphasize that everything said above is also relevant in relation to other varieties, in particular, new complex-resistant varieties, the vast majority of which, without a high level of agricultural technology and compliance with modern technologies, are unlikely to be able to demonstrate their potential.

E. N. Oleshchuk