Adenium from seeds at home. How to grow adenium at home and care for it? Reproduction by air layering

That's what this one is called beautiful flower, which relatively recently appeared on the Russian flower market and instantly became popular with most lovers indoor plants. The flower was brought from Africa and is one of the unusual and most beautiful flowering plants.

Description of the plant

Adeniums are succulents and have simple leaves that are located on small cuttings. The flower stores nutrients and water at the bottom of the trunk, in a special thickening. The adenium plant has funnel-shaped flowers, which are collected in inflorescences. They can be red, white or pink. You can also find two-color, double and tri-color flowers. IN wildlife The succulent will grow up to ten meters in height. At home, the height of adenium is 35 cm. The flowering period depends on the variety and type. May bloom in spring, summer or early autumn. Adeniums are common in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and

It is no coincidence that the flower is very popular among gardeners. This plant combines exoticism with unpretentiousness. In the warm season blooming adeniums with lush green leaves will decorate your room, and in winter an original bonsai with thick, strong roots that resemble intertwined snakes will appear.

Plant varieties

The appearance of adenium depends on its variety:

Obesum is quite popular in floriculture and is considered the most unpretentious of all adeniums. This species has a large stem, which is wide at the base and narrows towards the apex. The leaves are green with a glossy sheen, with a rounded or pointed tip.
Multiflorum is a shrub, but under suitable conditions it can grow to a small three-meter tree. It grows quite quickly. The stems are brown, the flowers are light, with a dark red edge around them.
Arabicum has a wide trunk base, and the leaves reach 20 cm in length and 12 cm in width. Pink flowers.
Socotranum can have a trunk base up to 2.5 m in diameter. This is the slowest growing variety of adenium. The branches grow exclusively at the top of the plant. The leaves are green, with a white vein in the middle. Pink flowers can reach 14 cm in diameter.
Somaliense is a small tree five meters high. The leaves are narrow and long, with a white vein in the middle. The flowers are five centimeters in size and vary in color from pink to burgundy.
Boehmianum is a shrub up to three meters in height with long and thick stems. The heart-shaped leaves are grayish-green in color. The pink flowers resemble a circle shape.
Oliefolium has green leaves with a bluish tint. Pink flowers with yellow or snow-white centers.
Swazicum is no more than one meter in height. The light green leaves are often curled along the longitudinal axis. Flowers are up to 7 cm in diameter from pink to purple.
Variegated adeniums are represented by a large number of different specimens. For example, a plant may have golden or multi-colored variegated leaves, and there may be a dark red vein in the center of the leaf.

Propagation of adenium by cuttings

As a rule, the plant is propagated by cuttings or seeds. The process of propagation by cuttings is considered more complex. To begin with, select the upper shoots of adenium, a little more than ten centimeters long. They are then dried using charcoal. Then the cuttings are planted in a mixture of sand and coal. For the formation of roots, it is necessary that the room temperature be twenty-five degrees and bright lighting. Basically, roots appear thirty days after planting.

Growing adenium from seeds

Even a novice gardener can grow adenium. Seeds are purchased from flower shops that sell exotic plants. Fresh seeds have a germination rate of up to one hundred percent, but the more time passes, the worse they germinate, so it is better to plant immediately after purchasing the seeds. If it was not possible to sow the seeds, they are placed in an airtight package and put in the refrigerator for better germination. The seeds look like small sticks.

When choosing adenium varieties, you must remember that there is a greater or lesser probability that the new plant will deviate from the chosen variety. The percentage of matching depends on the characteristics of the flower. White and pink varieties most stable in the manifestation of the properties of their parents. Exact repetition of color and shape mother plant achieved only when vegetative propagation. Growing adenium from seeds is best done in spring or summer. Before flower growers advise treating them to speed up germination. Seeds can be placed in warm water or in a damp cloth and placed in a warm place for two to four hours. During soaking, it is possible to use various growth stimulants, as well as fungicides.

On practice most of flower growers do not soak the seeds and at the same time get excellent seedlings. There is no clear answer to this question, so everyone decides for themselves whether to soak the seeds or not. If you are growing adenium for the first time, you can soak some of the seeds and plant the rest without soaking. Growing adenium from seeds allows you to get a beautiful thickened root and a compact crown.

Soil for seeds

The soil for sowing should be loose and breathable. You can make the substrate yourself; for this you will need sand, peat, vermiculite and perlite. All components must be thoroughly mixed and slightly moistened. A ready-made soil mixture for orchids or succulents is perfect. Drainage must be installed in the container. Before planting seeds, the soil is treated

Landing rules

It is advisable to place the seeds horizontally and sprinkle about half a centimeter of soil. The distance between the seeds should be three centimeters. Next, the seeds are watered warm water and close the container with adenium plastic film. A couple of times a day you need to open the film for thirty minutes to ventilate. The soil during seed germination should be moist, but not wet.

In order to grow adenium, you should follow temperature regime in the range of 24-35 degrees. To heat the container with the plant, you can use a 40 W lamp. When growing adenium from seeds, sprouts appear after ten days, but there are cases when even after twenty days. About four days after germination, the sprouts take on a bottle shape. Young plants are best placed on a south-facing windowsill. As soon as four true leaves have appeared, the succulent is plucked. The grown plant is transplanted into a large container. Adenium grown from seeds blooms in the second year.

Adenium: care at home

Caring for a plant at home is quite specific, but not difficult. Adenium belongs to succulents, so it needs warmth and light. In spring and summer, a succulent needs five hours sunlight every day, the temperature should be 23-28 degrees. A window sill on the south side is ideal for it, but the flower grows well in bright, diffused light. In autumn and winter, adenium (photo below) is in the dormant stage and gains strength for flowering.

In October, it is necessary to move the pot with adenium to a bright, cool place with an air temperature of 13-15 degrees. During the dormant period, the plant's shoots stop growing, and the leaves partially or completely fall off. At this time, the flower does not require watering or fertilizing. It is necessary to ensure that there are no drafts. If the above conditions are met, adenium will wake up in March. If the plant is watered and kept warm, the dormant period will last a couple more weeks.

Soil and plant nutrition

For adenium, soil without peat would be preferable, and the presence of coarse sand in the mixture should be insignificant. Flower growers recommend regular leaf soil for adenium. For an adult plant, 50% of fine expanded clay or brick chips must be added to the soil. During the growing season, the plant should be fed once or twice every thirty days. To do this, you can use fertilizer for cacti, after diluting it with water. In addition, regular mineral supplements, but they must be in low concentration. Otherwise, excess minerals can harm the flower.

Transplanting a plant

The young plant is replanted in the spring every year. Replanting adult adenium is required as needed, when the roots will not fit in the old container, approximately every three years. The container for an adult plant should be shallow but wide. Water the transplanted adenium when the damaged roots dry out. Rules for replanting a plant:

carefully remove the plant from the container;
clean carefully root system from the earth;
trim long roots and remove diseased ones;
Dry the cut areas and treat them with fungicide;
plant the plant in another container with a new substrate.

Watering a succulent

Adenium, care for which during summer period consists of constant moistening, watering when the soil dries out. Excess water has a negative effect on adenium, for this reason it is better to skip watering than to over-moisten the soil.

During the winter period, when the plant is dormant, watering adenium is not required. When emerging from hibernation, minimal moisture is required. The first serious watering of adenium should be done only fourteen days after the buds appear. Adenium does not require spraying.

Pruning and plant appearance

The plant can be shaped to suit every taste. Flower growers recommend carrying out all operations during active growth. First you need to decide and decide what kind of plant you want, since the depth of pruning depends on this. Burning the growth center makes it possible to obtain branching in the upper part of the trunk. Cutting a plant in the middle of a branch will result in branching around the cut. Deep pruning will make it possible to obtain abundant branching from the caudex (the lower wide part of the trunk). It must be remembered that pruning should be done below the cotyledon leaves. In addition, pruning adenium delays the flowering period. The roots and branches of the plant cannot be pruned in winter. There are several pruning methods to obtain a unique adenium:

Trimming any parts of the succulent.
Fusion of several adeniums.
Weaving of roots and branches.
Guiding branches using soft wire.

When working with a flower, you need to take special care, as its juice is poisonous, so the use of gloves is mandatory. After finishing pruning, it is advisable to wash your hands with soap. The appearance of adenium (photo above) depends entirely on your desires. You can make a plant with a thin trunk or in the form of a ball with many branches, or vice versa. It all depends on imagination and courage. Some species do not require crown formation and branch independently.

Diseases and pests

Plant diseases in most cases occur due to improper watering. Basically, the root system is sick, since it is very sensitive to wet and cold substrate. To eliminate these troubles, use a drained, instantly drying soil mixture. The cause of the disease may be excess fertilizer. Substantial part adenium varieties grow well, so fertilizing should only be used to replenish nutrients, which are quickly absorbed into the soil.

Scale insects and spider mites are considered major pests. In most cases, mites infect the upper parts of adenium, such as buds, tips of young shoots and leaves. If you notice a change in the appearance of a flower or new leaf, then most likely spider mites have appeared in them. In order to avoid these troubles, it is necessary to carry out seasonal preventive treatments against pests.

Possible problems when growing a plant

Adenium may not bloom at home. This is most likely due to incorrectly chosen soil, lack of pruning and dormancy in winter. Leaves turn yellow and fall off due to drafts, hypothermia, diseases of the root system, or when the dormant period approaches. Finding adenium close to moisture-loving plants leads to fungal infections. If there is excess moisture, the plant's stem may begin to rot.

Adeniums have won the hearts of most gardeners around the world. Despite the exotic appearance, the flower adapts perfectly to home conditions and is not particularly demanding in care. Following the rules for maintaining a succulent during the dormant period will reward you with beautiful flowers.

The advantage of propagating adenium by sprouting from seeds is the rapid growth of the caudex - the thickened trunk of the plant, which is formed from the root system and, depending on the owner’s imagination, can take on a wide variety of forms. Adenium grown from seeds immediately begins to branch extensively and grows quickly.

In addition, by showing imagination, you can simulate the amazing shape of a pet from the first months of life.

But, unfortunately, it is very difficult to get fresh seeds! But it’s the shelf life planting material affects the germination of the plant.

Therefore, purchasing from an online store is not safe: you can not only purchase a variety and color that is different from the desired one, but also not get any results from your subsequent work.

It is better not to take packages that indicate a seed shelf life of several years.. Collected no earlier than a year in advance is the only suitable option.

We also suggest learning how to propagate adenium from cuttings from.

When to start growing?

Reference! Best months for planting seeds - March-April.

Young seedlings need time to strengthen before winter and get their share of warmth, fresh air and light.

You can read more about growing adenium.

Soil composition for sowing

The soil for planting must be breathable and nutritious.. Acidity – weak or neutral. Peat, as it is too dense and prevents the germination of the root system, is not suitable. An ideal planting mixture includes:

Coconut fiber – 50%.
Deciduous humus soil - 25%.
Inert baking powder (perlite or vermiculite) – 5-10%.
Expanded clay of the smallest fraction (or broken brick) – 20% (up to 3 mm).
A handful of crushed polystyrene foam chips.

Since it is not always possible to find the first component, it can be replaced with soil for succulents. Experts recommend mixtures of “Kekkila”, “Morris Green” and “Greenworld Kakteenerde”, which have balanced acidity and provide excellent root aeration.

They add crushed charcoal and fire-calcined coarse river sand.

How to select and prepare seed material?

To avoid rotting of seedlings, pre-sowing seed treatment is necessary., which will help neutralize spores of pathogenic fungi attached to the surface and support future growth.

The seeds can be soaked in distilled warm water for a couple of hours, but it is best to use a weak solution of potassium permanganate (for 30-40 minutes) or a suspension using crushed coal. This is followed by treatment with biological or systemic fungicide(for example, phytosporin). It would be a good idea to keep the seeds in a solution of a growth stimulator (Energin, Epin) or zircon for 2-3 hours.

Photo

In the photo below you can see what the seeds of the adenium plant look like.

How to sow and germinate correctly?

Important! The seeds will hatch quickly and amicably only if a certain thermal regime is maintained in the room: from 30 to 35 °C. Cooling the air by a couple of degrees, insignificant at first glance, negatively affects germination and can cause rotting of the root system of tender sprouts.

When choosing between single and group sowing, it is important to remember the following:

Sowing in one container is faster and allows plants to grow roots faster, but requires a lot of space both on the windowsill and under artificial lighting lamps.
The second option does not have many cups and containers, which saves space. However, such crowding leads to weakening of the sprouts: the strong ones begin to stretch out in anticipation of the weak ones, and you may miss the moment of transplanting into separate pots (2-3 months after sowing).

Step-by-step planting instructions

Planting adenium seeds is carried out in several stages:

How else you can sow adenium seeds is described in this video:

Is it possible to plant in open ground?

Unfortunately, planting adeniums in open ground It’s impossible - they don’t take root in the Russian climate. But it is possible and necessary to take the plant outside in the summer months. open balcony or to the garden.

Aftercare

When does it bloom?

Flower growers are naturally interested in when young adenium grown from seeds blooms. Most often, the plant produces flowers in the 2-3rd year, sometimes later - in the 4th year.

What to do if it refuses to produce buds?

The absence of flowering in the fifth year of the plant’s life indicates that the care recommendations were violated. Why doesn't the plant bloom? Possible reasons:

Conclusion

A piece of tropical exoticism will come to the house along with a guest from the hot southern desert– adenium. The process of growing from a nondescript seed into a real tree is an interesting and slightly exciting process, and subsequent experiments in shaping the appearance are fascinating and innumerable.

“Desert Rose”, “Impala Lily” or “Star of Sabinia” as they are popularly called magnificent flower Adenium. In this article we will tell you how to sow adenium seeds and achieve friendly shoots at home, even for a novice gardener.

Preparing seeds before planting

Photo of adenium seeds

Adenium Seeds resemble elongated, dry, and sometimes wrinkled tubes, at first glance, unsuitable for sowing. Don't rush to get rid of unsightly seeds. Practice shows that even the most shabby seed can produce a strong and active sprout that will not lag behind other plants in development.

Before sowing, the seeds should be soaked for several hours in warm water in any fungicide solution (for example, Fitosporin). It doesn’t matter whether the seed has sunk or floats on the surface, all seeds are suitable for planting.

Soil for sowing

Adenium is a shrubby succulent native to the tropical regions of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Therefore, we will need soil for cacti and succulents.
Can be used for sowing seeds purchased soil or compose it yourself, since the health and growth of seedlings depends on this.

Soil composition
Soil for cacti and succulents - 1 part
Leaf soil - 0.5 parts
Perlite - 0.25 parts
Expanded clay (fraction 2-3 mm) – 0.25 parts

To prevent the development of fungal diseases, heat the soil in the oven for 10-15 minutes at 100-120 degrees.

Sowing Adenium seeds

A shallow container or small plastic containers are suitable for sowing seeds. disposable cups. The advantages of cups are that plants do not need picking longer. If you decide to plant two or three plants, this option is for you.

Important! We make holes in the bottom of the container or cup to drain excess water.

Fill the container with the prepared peat soil and lightly compact it. Place the seeds flat on the surface at a distance of 2-3 cm from each other. Sprinkle the seeds with 0.5-1 cm of soil on top. We moisten the soil with a spray bottle until the earthen ball is completely saturated with moisture. Water for irrigation should be warm.
Cover the container with a lid or cling film, you can put the container in a transparent bag and tie it.

The most crucial moment in germinating Adenium seeds begins. Needs support constant temperature until the seeds hatch. In practice, it has been verified that the germination percentage drops with each day of non-compliance with the temperature regime.

Important! The temperature during seed germination should be kept within +27-30 degrees.

You can maintain a constant temperature using any electric heating devices, shoe dryers, radiators, direct sun rays. We control the temperature in the greenhouse using a thermometer.

Regular Adenium varieties begin to germinate in 3-4 days and very quickly.

Growing Adenium at home

Attention! Adenium juice is poisonous. Use gloves when working with the plant.

When all the seeds have sprouted and the seedlings have spread their first leaves, remove the lid from the container and place the plants in a well-lit place. Changes in temperature now are no longer detrimental to young children, but they do affect their growth.

Adenium 5-7 days
Few weeks

At first, it is better to maintain the temperature at least + 25 degrees and provide watering after the top layer dries.
Young plants grow very quickly. You can’t even believe that a couple of weeks ago you had a shriveled seed in front of you, and now such a “well-fed little one” is growing. We pick up the seedlings as they grow, when they become cramped in the container.

The relationship between the plant and the planting container.

Picking

Young plants are transferred to small pots. The root of the seedlings is not sufficiently developed and may not cope with the large volume of the pot and may rot. At this stage, the soil needs to be prepared to be more nutritious:

Composition of the earth

Turf land - 1 part,
Leaf soil -1 part
Perlite -0.5 parts
Expanded clay (fraction 2-4 mm) - 0.5 parts

Top dressing

Plants need to be fed with a weak concentration of fertilizers, starting a month after transshipment.

Lighting

For permanent place For residences, we choose well-lit window sills. We let you sunbathe in the sun, but on especially hot days you need to shade it. If this is not done, the plant may get sunburn leaves and discard them.

Wintering

An adult plant needs to organize wintering at temperatures from +15 to +18. This ensures proper development of the caudex and collateral good flowering. Watering, in this case, is stopped until spring awakening. If wintering is in room conditions, you need to water no more than once every 1-2 weeks. If there is insufficient lighting, the plant consumes less moisture and the root system may rot due to waterlogging.

As it matures, the characteristics of the variety will appear. Two Adeniums planted on the same day.

If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments below.

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The unusual appearance of adenium and comparisons addressed to its flowers with a rose, lily or star - reasons increased interest to a plant from the African deserts. At the same time, adeniums, caring for them at home, are not at all difficult, very unpretentious.

A little knowledge, diligence, attention, and your pet will respond lush flowering. And the unlimited possibilities of pruning and shaping allow you to grow a truly unique specimen.

Adeniums have a very recognizable appearance. A thickened stem, a small rosette of dense leaves crowning the top and large flowers of all shades from white to deep purple.

Plants, which in nature are not spoiled by semi-desert conditions, adapt perfectly in the house, bloom and even allow experiments on themselves. The result is bizarre adeniums, shaped like octopuses, mangrove trees or abstract green sculptures.

Secret successful care growing adenium at home is simple and involves providing maximum sun, loose soil, and regular but moderate watering.

Temperature and humidity for adenium

Adeniums can be called one of the most “heat-resistant” indoor plants. A comfortable temperature for them is 30–35 °C. A decrease of 3–5 units does not cause discomfort, but prolonged cooling of the air to 18–20 °C causes the plant to slow down its growth, stop flowering, and begin preparations for winter period peace.

Signs of a depressed state are also noticeable in a room that is too warm. A temperature of +38 °C when caring for adenium at home is often critical if the air humidity in the room is not high enough. Moisture helps the flower to withstand the heat, but in the cold it, on the contrary, causes problems.

Minimum permissible temperature for keeping adenium in the room is +10 °C. If the air continues to cool, the risk of damage to the measles system and its death from decay increases significantly.

Adeniums are characterized by pronounced periods of hibernation or dormancy, when the plant:

partially or completely sheds leaves;
stops growing;
does not form new buds.

A peculiar sign for a flower is:

decreasing daylight hours;
cooling to 16–20 °C.

“Hibernation” helps the plant recover and create a foundation for future flowering. Therefore, for the entire period, the temperature for adenium is maintained at about 12–16 °C and watering is radically reduced. It must be remembered that plants cannot tolerate even slight frosts. As in the photo, when caring for adenium at home, you can do without spraying and special measures to increase air humidity.

Lighting adenium when caring at home

Adeniums are light-loving; unlike most indoor plants, they do not need shading and feel best on the south and east side.

In summer, the more sun they receive, the more magnificent the flowering will be, the denser and healthier the crown will be. In winter, conditions do not change, but if there is not enough light, the shadow can be partially compensated by maintaining the temperature within 15 ° C or for a long time.

Striving towards the sun, indoor adeniums lean towards the window. You can restore the beauty of the crown by rotating the flower. Over time, the stem will straighten again.

It is advisable to maintain the light regime for adenium, which comes from the equatorial zone of the planet, close to natural values. That is, from autumn to spring, in order for the plant to receive light for 12–14 hours, it will need lighting.

Soil for adenium and its replanting

The soil mixture for adenium should be light, very loose, nutritious and permeable to moisture and oxygen. The acidity level that is comfortable for the plant is pH 5.5–7.

Today there is a sufficient range of ready-made substrates based on peat or coconut fiber on sale. For adenium, soil for succulents or universal soil with the addition of loosening and structuring components is suitable.

If the purchased soil is too dense or seems poor, you can mix the soil for adenium yourself by taking:

5 parts of finished substrate;
3 parts leaf soil with a high humus content;
2 parts vermiculite, river sand or perlite.

A good addition would be crushed charcoal, which can act as a natural component of soil or.

In recommendations large manufacturers, engaged in the cultivation of adeniums, there is an indication of the composition of the substrate for this crop. A portion of perlite is added to three parts of crushed tree bark. Such soil for adenium perfectly allows air and moisture to pass through, never becomes compacted and can be considered universal. However, it does not contain too many nutrients, so the gardener will have to think about feeding his pet frequently.

This is also caused by a significant proportion of foam balls, brick chips, charcoal and other leavening agents, which are added to increase the airiness of the substrate.

Adenium is most often transplanted in the spring, when active growth begins. The new pot should not be too large, otherwise the plant may delay its long-awaited flowering. However, even in a container that is too tight, it is difficult to achieve a harmonious shape of the caudex trunk.

If the reason for replanting the adenium was the formation of its bizarre roots, such a plant is not watered for 5–7 days or moistened very carefully. Healthy adeniums, for example, seedlings transferred to separate pots, can be watered as usual.

How to water adenium?

The watering regime for decorative natives of Africa depends on:

depending on the time of year;
on air temperature;
from the container of the pot;
from the soil selected for adenium;
on the location of the plant and its growing season.

During the period of active growth, the plant needs a lot of water, and the higher the temperature, the greater the needs of adenium.

In hot weather, the soil in the pot should be slightly moist. This will help the flower maintain vital activity and not lose flowers. There is no need to spray adenium.

Cold snap – sure sign gardener that watering needs to be reduced. Excess water often causes disease and death of the root system. How to water adenium to be sure optimal quantity moisture?

In summer, when comfortable temperature, a new portion of water is needed when upper layer the soil has completely dried out after the previous watering. In winter, in a cool room, you need to water the flower sparingly, when the substrate dries completely. In a warm room and while maintaining growth, adenium is watered as usual, but somewhat less frequently.

Trimming and forming adenium

To make the crown dense and branched, gardeners resort to forming and pruning adenium.

Often this is simply necessary, since in many plants the apical development is dominant and does not allow other shoots to develop except the central one.

Removing the tip activates dormant lateral buds and initiates branching. As a result of such pruning at home on adenium:

the amount of foliage increases;
more buds are formed;
the crown turns out leveled, voluminous and dense.

Usually, after pruning, more than three buds appear, and the thicker the cut stem, the denser the growth that forms along the edge of its “stump”.

Also, pruning adenium at home is used to rejuvenate adult plants, some of the branches of which noticeably weaken with age. It is carried out every two years, shortening the shoots to 5–8 cm.

Formation of the adenium caudex

Adenium – rare plant, allowing the grower to form not only the above-ground, but also the underground part. Pruning and shaping the adenium caudex allows the grower to grow incredible specimens.

The flower is extremely “loyal” to all manipulations of a person who can intertwine the roots, cut off part of them or completely remove the bottom of the plant in order to grow a new root system of a given shape.

Most often, bonsai like a mangrove tree are formed on the basis of adenium. For this:

choose a grown seedling with a thick stem base;
the root of the plant is cut off at the site where the caudex narrows;
the resulting cutting takes root again in water or a loose mixture of perlite and vermiculite.

When the plant acquires roots again, it is transferred to a wide pot on light soil for adenium. A pre-prepared round plate of thick plastic is placed under the cutting. The roots are straightened and fixed to give the desired shape. Then the roots are sprinkled with soil one or two centimeters.

Care after such formation of the adenium caudex consists of more frequent, usually moderate, watering and regular checking of the position of the roots. To do this, the plant is replanted twice a year, straightening the rhizomes and removing unnecessary ones.