Ginseng root, its healing power and methods of use in folk medicine. Medicinal plant - ginseng

In the article we discuss common ginseng. You will learn what medicinal properties it has, how the plant is harvested and dried, how to prepare medicines based on it, how to use them, and what contraindications ginseng has.

Panax ginseng (true) - perennial medicinal herbaceous plant family Araliaceae. People call it the gift of immortality, the root of life, the root-man, the divine herb, panax, the salt of the earth, stosil. Latin name: Panax ginseng.

What does it look like

Appearance(photo) Ginseng plants. This plant is up to 50−60 cm high with an erect, thin single stem of gray-green color, less often with 2−5 stems.

The leaves are five-fingered on elongated petioles. The leaves are whorled and apical in arrangement.

The root system is taprooted, powerful, moderately branched, gray-green in color, up to 3 cm in diameter.

The rhizome is shaped like a human figure, which is why the plant got one of its names - root-man.

The flowers are small, inconspicuous, white or Pink colour with a greenish tint, collected in a single umbrella-shaped inflorescence of 8-10 pieces. Sometimes 2-3 additional inflorescences with smaller umbrellas develop on the stem. The flowers are self-pollinating and have pleasant aroma.

The fruits are single-seeded with a fleshy and juicy pericarp of bright red color. The seeds are yellowish-white, small, and disc-shaped. The flowering period is from mid-July to early August. The plant bears fruit in the second half of August.

Where does it grow?

In the wild this type Ginseng is distributed mainly in the Far Eastern region of Russia. Grows in shaded areas in cedar-deciduous forests. Less commonly, the plant can be found in the north of the Korean Peninsula and northeast China.

Ginseng is cultivated on an industrial scale in some regions of Russia, China, Korea and Japan. Also, some gardeners practice growing medicinal roots in their gardens and summer cottages. The plant reproduces only by seeds and is very demanding in terms of planting and care.

Ginseng root

Appearance (photo) of Ginseng root Eastern medicine has been using ginseng for centuries as a tonic, restorative and life-prolonging agent.

This plant is unique in its chemical composition and beneficial properties.

Ginseng roots are harvested for medicinal purposes. Some healers also use berries, leaves and seeds.

Chemical composition

The plant has the following chemical composition:

• triterpene glycosides;
• pectin substances;
• resins;
• essential oils;
• fixed oils;
• enzymes;
• starch;
• phytosterols;
• vegetable protein;
• panaxic acid;
• ascorbic acid:
• B vitamins;
• minerals - iron, zinc, copper, phosphorus, calcium, potassium, barium and others.

Medicinal properties

Ginseng has the following therapeutic effects:

• stimulates the heart;
• has a hemostatic effect during bleeding;
• reduces blood sugar levels;
• strengthens the immune system;
• helps fight viruses, infections and toxins;
• relieves inflammation;
• tones and strengthens the nervous system;
• stimulates secretory function internal organs;
• increases mental and physical activity;
• regulates work endocrine systems s;
• improves blood composition;
• increases oxygen exchange in tissues;
• eliminates nausea and vomiting;
• heals and disinfects wounds;
• slows down the aging process;
• rejuvenates body cells.

The healing root is used in the treatment of the following ailments:

• mental and physical exhaustion;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• depressive states;
• headaches and dizziness;
• metabolic disease;
• arterial hypotension;
• diabetes;
• post-virus period;
• night sweats;
• anemia;
• sexual dysfunction;
• hepatitis A.

How to collect

The plant is listed in the Red Book as a valuable endangered species, therefore independent collection of wild ordinary ginseng is prohibited.

The roots of cultivated ginseng are harvested only from old fruit-bearing plants 5-15 years old. Young plants do not have medicinal value, as they contain minimal amount healing substances.

The roots are carefully dug out with wooden or bone spatulas, being careful not to damage the skin and root shoots, cleared of soil and doused with steam. Before harvesting, they are sorted depending on shape and size. The prepared raw materials are dried or stored in fresh.

Dry the roots under straight sun rays or in automatic dryers at a temperature of 50 degrees. Store in fabric bags. Shelf life: up to 3 years. Fresh roots are placed in wooden boxes layers. Peat moss is placed between each layer. Shelf life - up to 5 years.

Self-grown ginseng root is prepared in the same way. It is dug up in mid-August during the fruiting period, and the plant must be older than five years.

How to use

Common ginseng is used in medicine, cosmetology and homeopathy. The root of the plant is used in fresh and dried form. Based on it, medicinal decoctions, infusions, extracts, tea drinks, powder and oil are prepared. In Asian cooking, the root is also added to soups, fish and meat dishes.

Decoction and tincture for men (for potency)

To treat sexual dysfunction in men, a concentrated decoction, alcohol or honey tincture is used.

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (root) – 100 g.
2. Drinking water - 500 ml.
3. Natural honey - 50 g.
4. Ground cinnamon - 0.5−1 g.

How to cook: Roughly chop the root and put it in glass containers. Boil water and pour boiling water over the medicinal raw materials. Seal the container tightly and let it brew in a dark place for 48 hours. After the expiration date, pour the infusion into an enamel pan, place on low heat and bring to a boil. Then add the remaining ingredients, cover and simmer over low heat for about 3 hours. After finishing cooking, let the product brew for 3 days.

How to use: Take 1 tablespoon twice daily. The course of treatment is 1 month.

Alcohol tincture

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (root) - 1 pc.
2. Edible alcohol (70%) - 250 ml.

How to cook: Place the root in a glass container. Don't grind it. Fill with alcohol and seal tightly. Let it brew for 10 days.

How to use: Take 15 drops per day, pre-diluted in 100 ml boiled water. The course of treatment is 1 month.

Honey tincture

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (powder) – 25 g.
2. Natural honey - 700 g.

How to cook: Mix the ingredients. Let the product sit for a week in a cool, dark place. Store the tincture in a glass jar in the refrigerator.

How to use: Take 1 tablespoon per day in the evening.

Before using ginseng to increase potency, consult your doctor. The plant should not be used for cardiovascular disorders, including a history of it.

Tincture and decoction for women (for libido)

In women, the healing root is used to regulate hormonal levels, restoration of metabolism in obesity, reduction of sugar levels and stimulation of sexual desire. Ginseng also has a positive effect on hair and skin.

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (crushed root) - 3 tbsp.
2. Food alcohol (40%) - 400 ml.

How to cook: Place the medicinal raw materials in a glass container and fill with alcohol. Infuse for 4 days in a cool, dark place, then filter the tincture through cheesecloth.

How to use: Take 10 drops three times a day, previously diluted in 100 ml of boiled water. The course of treatment is 1 month.

Decoction

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (crushed root) - 1 tbsp.
2. Drinking water - 250 ml.

How to cook: Fill the root cold water, place on medium heat and cook for 5-7 minutes. Cool and filter the broth.

How to use: Take ½ teaspoon three times daily before meals.

It is important to remember that ginseng is not a panacea for low sexual arousal in men and women. Libido levels are affected by psychotherapy emotional condition, relationships with a partner, lifestyle, nutrition, as well as the presence of diseases of the genitourinary and endocrine systems. Before using ginseng, exclude Negative influence these factors on sex life.

For hair (hair loss, baldness)

Ginseng nourishes hair follicles, increases blood circulation in the skin, activates hair growth, and prevents early gray hair and hair loss. To prepare various masks against baldness and for hair growth, use ready-made alcohol tincture and ginseng oil, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.

For active growth

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (tincture) - 5-6 drops.
2. Grape juice - 70 ml.

How to cook: Mix ingredients in a non-metallic bowl. Prepare cling film and a warm scarf for the procedure.

How to use: Rub the composition into the roots with massage movements. Cover your head. Keep the mask on for an hour, then wash off warm water. Carry out the procedure 2-3 times a week.

Against baldness

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (oil) - 5−7 drops.
2. Any hair balm - 1 tbsp.

How to cook: Mix ingredients in a non-metallic bowl.

How to use: Wash your hair. Apply the balm with oil to the roots, rub in the mixture, then spread over the entire length. Keep the mask on for 10 minutes. Rinse off with warm water. Carry out the procedure after each hair wash for a month.

For facial skin (from wrinkles, acne)

Ginseng is actively used in cosmetology as an anti-aging agent. It also reduces the number of acne, relieves inflammation, heals microdamages and increases the protective functions of the skin.

Decoction for rejuvenation

1. Ginseng (crushed root) - 100 g.
2. Pure water - 500 ml.

How to cook: Pour water over the root and bring to a boil. Cool and filter the product. Prepare gauze napkins or ready-made fabric face masks without impregnation for the procedure.

How to use: Soak a gauze napkin (mask) in the broth, squeeze lightly excess liquid and put it on your face. Keep for 15 minutes, then apply anti-aging cream to the skin. Carry out the procedure twice a week.

For acne

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (tincture) – 6 drops.
2. Tomato juice (preferably freshly squeezed) - 10 ml.
3. Pea flour - 15 g.

How to cook: Mix the juice and tincture with flour to a thick paste in a non-metallic bowl.

How to use: Steam your skin and cleanse it with a soft scrub. Apply the mask, avoiding the eye area. After 10 minutes, rinse it off with warm water and apply moisturizer to your skin. Carry out the procedure 1-2 times a week.

Ready-made ginseng oil is also used to reduce wrinkles, slow down skin aging and heal acne. It is added to cream, masks are prepared with it, or used in its pure form to wipe the skin.

For immunity

Ginseng is used as an immunostimulant in the post-infectious period to restore physical strength and normalize the functioning of all internal organs after illness. It is also used as prophylactic against flu and colds.

To improve immunity, ginseng is used in various dosage forms, which can be purchased at the pharmacy. Take the prepared alcohol tincture, 10 drops twice a day for a month. Use other medications according to the instructions on the package.

An alcohol-based immunostimulating infusion from the root of the plant can also be prepared at home yourself.

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (root) - 1 pc.
2. Drinking water - 200 ml.
3. Sugar - 1 tsp.
4. Food alcohol (40%) - 500 ml.

How to cook: Boil water, then cool and sweeten it with sugar. Soak the root in water for 3 hours. Drain the liquid and chop the root. Place it in a glass container and fill it with alcohol. Let it brew in a cool, dark place for 20 days.

How to use: Take 10 drops, previously diluted in 100 ml of boiled water, once a day before meals. The course of treatment is 1 month.

Ginseng oolong can also be brewed as a general strengthening and tonic. This is a drink based on semi-fermented tea leaves with ginseng extract. It is recommended to drink tea in a course - 10 days of taking 1 cup in the morning, then a 5-day break and repeating the course.

Pressure collection (for hypotension)

For arterial hypotension, a pharmaceutical alcohol tincture of ginseng is used. To increase blood pressure, start taking 5 drops diluted in ½ glass of boiled water 3 times a day. Then gradually increase the dose to 10-15 drops per dose.

Also, to normalize blood pressure during hypotension, a medicinal infusion is prepared from ginseng root and a collection of medicinal plants.

Ingredients:

1. Ginseng (crushed root) - 20 g.
2. Hawthorn (fruit) - 20 g.
3. Chamomile (flowers) - 15 g.
4. Astragalus fluffy-flowered (herb) - 20 g.
5. Horsetail ephedra (herb) - 10 g.
6. Drinking water - 250 ml.

How to cook: Mix medicinal plants. Boil water and pour 1 tablespoon of the mixture with boiling water. Let it brew for half an hour, then filter the infusion.

How to use: Take ⅓ glass throughout the day.

There is an opinion on the Internet that alcohol tincture Ginseng increases blood pressure, and water reduces it, but this is a myth. It is not recommended to use the plant in case of arterial hypertension or in case of a heart attack or hypertensive crisis in the past.

Ginseng tincture

An alcoholic tincture of ginseng root is produced in 25 ml dark glass bottles. The average price is 55 rubles.

The drug has the following indications for use:

• asthenic conditions;
• VSD of hypotonic type;
• mental and physical fatigue;
• sexual weakness;
• post-infectious period.

Other forms of ginseng

The plant also has the following dosage forms:

Name	Description of the product	average price
Capsules	Gelatin capsules with ginseng powder inside.	400 rubles for 20 capsules
Pills	Film-coated tablets with ginseng root extract.	90 rubles for 20 tablets
Granules	Homeopathic medicine based on ginseng extract.	120 rubles per package
Powder	Crushed ginseng root for preparing decoctions and infusions.	3000 rubles for 40 g
Root	Whole dried root (30 g) for preparing decoctions and infusions.	870 rubles for 1 root
Oil	Ginseng essential oil for internal and external use.	300 rubles for 30 ml
Elixir	Ginseng extract in 10 ml bottles with honey and various additives (royal jelly, ginkgo biloba, etc.)	450 rubles for 10 pieces

The purpose of all ginseng-based drugs is the same: a general strengthening, tonic, psycho- and immunostimulating agent. The plant in all dosage forms can be purchased in pharmacies and online stores specializing in the sale of herbal medicines. detailed instructions Directions for use are available on each drug's packaging.

For more information about ginseng preparations, watch the following video:

Can ginseng be used by pregnant women and children?

Ginseng should be used with extreme caution during pregnancy, as it increases the tone of the uterine muscles, increases the heart rate of the mother and fetus, and also has a stimulating effect on the nervous system. Pregnant women can only be prescribed ginseng preparations by their attending physician and in the absence of contraindications.

Children under 16 years of age are prohibited from taking medications with ginseng in any dosage. From the age of 16, it can be prescribed by a doctor for asthenic syndrome after suffering from the flu, as well as for physical and mental fatigue of a teenager.

Contraindications

Ginseng root and medicines based on it are contraindicated for the following diseases and painful conditions:

• individual intolerance;
• increased nervous excitability;
• congenital disorders of the central nervous system;
• tendency to seizures;
• epilepsy;
• hyperthyroidism thyroid gland;
• arterial hypertension;
• arrhythmia;
• history of myocardial infarction or hypertensive crisis;
• blood hypercoagulation;
• heat;
• chronic insomnia;
• alcohol dependence, including a history.

Preparations containing ginseng in overdose can cause the following side effects:

• tachycardia;
• nausea;
• blood pressure surges;
• increased excitability;
• insomnia;
• allergy.

Ginseng in any form should not be taken simultaneously with the following medications:

• sedatives;
• antidepressants;
• psychostimulants;
• analeptics;
• plant and synthetic adaptogens;
• preparations containing P450 enzymes;
• insulin and other hypoglycemic drugs;
• immunosuppressants;
• anticoagulants;
• other medicinal herbs that have similar properties to ginseng or are antagonists.

Classification

The plant has the following taxometric classification:

• department: Flowers;
• class: Dicotyledons;
• order: Umbelliferae;
• family: Araliaceae;
• genus: Ginseng;
• species: Panax ginseng.

Varieties

The genus Ginseng includes 12 species of perennial herbaceous plants. Among the most common are the following types:

• ordinary;
• Japanese;
• Chinese;
• Vietnamese;
• five leaf;
• trifoliate;
• false.

Almost all varieties of ginseng are used in folk medicine many countries.

You can also come across the concept of “Siberian ginseng”. This is what people call Eleutherococcus senticosus. It also belongs to the Araliaceae family, but is included in the genus Eleutherococcus. The plant has medicinal properties similar to ginseng.

Panax ginseng infographics

Photo of common ginseng, its beneficial features and application
Ginseng infographics

What to remember

1. In medicine, ginseng root is used in dried and fresh form.
2. Self-collection of wild ginseng is prohibited, however, medicinal raw materials can be purchased at a pharmacy or in online stores.
3. Preparations with ginseng are contraindicated in children and patients with hypertension.

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Ginseng five-leaf. Botanical illustration from William Woodville's book Medical Botany, 1790-1794.

The beneficial properties and contraindications of ginseng have been known since 20 centuries BC. At least that's what the ancients say Chinese sources. Literally from Chinese, the name of this plant is translated as “root man” (zhen - man, shen - root). In Europe about wonderful properties Herbs were discovered in the 17th century. In the East, recipes for preparing ginseng potions are still kept secret. How mysterious healing power hidden in this plant?

Features of ginseng

East is a delicate matter. For example, Chinese traditional healers believe that different parts of the root are different healing properties. It is sometimes difficult for a European person to understand and accept the subtleties of Eastern medicine. But it is in them that the power and secrets of healing lie. In ancient Russian herbalists there is rarely a description of the medicinal plant ginseng, since it does not grow in the European part of Russia. Therefore, for genuine information, it is better to turn to eastern primary sources.

Habitat

The growing area of ​​ginseng is fragmented, so species of the same plant genus are found on two continents - in Eurasia and North America. East Asia- the birthplace of ginseng. The grass grows in China, Korea, Tibet, and Vietnam. In Russia, it can be seen less often in Altai, more often in the Far East. IN wildlife The plant is found in moist deciduous forests with good shade. In the mountains it can be found on the northern and eastern slopes.

Botanical description

This is a perennial herbaceous plant that can reach a height of 30 to 50 cm. The main root is thickened, branched, up to 12 cm long, with rhizomes and small shoots. The root is grayish-yellow in color and has a pleasant aroma. At the bottom, the root branches into two main branches, which gives it the shape of a human figure. The plant has one stem with 2–5 wide leaves up to 40 cm long. The flowers of the plant are small, collected in an umbrella, and are white or pink. The fruit is a red drupe with a pair of white seeds. The grass blooms in the summer months, and the fruits ripen in September.

Kinds

There are 12 types of ginseng described in botany. Not all of them are used in medicine.

Siberian ginseng belongs to the Araliaceae family, but is not a species of ginseng. This is what people call it, which is close in chemical composition and application to the “root of life”.

Growing and harvesting

The plant is grown as a medicinal raw material in China, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, USA, Canada, Australia, as well as in the Primorsky Territory of Russia.

Due to extensive collection in the wild over many decades, ginseng is now extinct, especially in Korea. Every year this plant becomes more and more expensive medicinal raw materials. From ginseng cells, using a biotechnological method, it was possible to obtain biomass similar in quality to this medicinal plant. This makes the drug more accessible.

Healing effect and indications for use

Ginseng is revered not only by residents eastern countries. In the West, many laboratory studies have been carried out to study the pharmacological properties of the plant, which is officially recognized as a medicinal raw material throughout the world. What are medicinal properties ginseng?

According to the pharmacological classification, ginseng belongs to the group of general tonic drugs.

Ginseng contraindications: hypertension, increased excitability, mental illness, congenital diseases of the central nervous system, convulsions, hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, elevated body temperature, purulent processes, blood clotting disorders, acute infection. In case of overdose, the following may occur: nervous agitation, insomnia, headache, tachycardia, urticaria, vomiting, diarrhea, nosebleeds.

Use in folk medicine

Exist various shapes ginseng release: tincture, plant materials in the form of dried plates, canned roots, soft drinks, extract, ground powder.

Medicines based on ginseng

Pharmacological preparations of ginseng are available in various dosage forms and have a general strengthening and tonic effect.

It is important to remember that tranquilizers, sedatives and antiepileptics, and neuroleptics are antagonists to ginseng preparations. They cannot be taken at the same time. The root can also enhance the effect of hypoglycemic (antidiabetic) drugs and drugs that slow down the blood clotting process. Also, ginseng-based drugs should not be taken with other stimulants. You need to exclude coffee, strong tea, and alcohol from your diet.

Benefits for men

Ginseng is a well-known aphrodisiac. It contains substances that stimulate sexual activity. For weak potency, erectile dysfunction, infertility, and low sperm motility, the doctor may prescribe a long course of treatment with ginseng granules, tincture, or tablets. The drug is also recommended for men engaged in heavy physical labor. You can prepare an alcohol tincture at home; for this you need to purchase dry ginseng root.

Preparation

1. Grind 100 g of dry ginseng root.
2. Place in a glass bowl.
3. Pour in 0.5 liters of vodka.
4. Leave for 30 days at room temperature in a dark place.

Take tincture 25 drops 3 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 30 days. Shake the tincture before each dose.

Benefits for women

For women, ginseng is useful during the premenopausal and menopausal periods; it normalizes pressure surges and equalizes the emotional state. It is not recommended to take it frequently before the age of 45, only as prescribed by a doctor. The rejuvenating effect of this plant has been known since ancient times: it improves complexion, tones the skin, smoothes wrinkles, removes bags, dark circles under the eyes. It is important to remember: ginseng in any form is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating women, as well as for bleeding.

Can the drug be given to children?

For children under 12 years of age, ginseng-based preparations are contraindicated. Chinese healers do not recommend taking this medicinal plant up to 16 years old. It is believed that the vitality of a growing child does not require any additional stimulation. The body should not be “lazy” and rely on some external, additional funds. The ban is also explained by the characteristics of the children's nervous system, which is often in a state of excitement. Weed can cause a number of unpleasant side effects in a child - nervous agitation, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, insomnia.

Features of use in Chinese traditional medicine

None of the instructions for use of Western drugs made on the basis of ginseng, of course, talk about energy channels, stagnation of vital energy “qi”, true reasons diseases. Chinese healers do not recommend using the herb for people under forty unless they have any serious illnesses. It is believed that the body at this age can cope using its own resources. In Chinese medicine, when there is stagnation of “qi” (various inflammatory processes in the body), when energy does not pass freely through the channels, stimulating, tonic agents such as ginseng cannot be used to increase vitality. It is necessary to establish the cause of energy stagnation. It lies in the realm of the human spirit and consciousness.

Ginseng root is a powerful natural tonic that restores the body's strength when physical activity, mental, psycho-emotional fatigue. It is useful to take during the recovery period after long illness, as an immunostimulant for preventive purposes during influenza epidemics, ARVI. However, the herb should not be taken as vitamins. Before using it, you should definitely consult your doctor.

Syn: root of life.

grassy perennial from 30 to 70 cm, living up to 100 years or more. Used as a tonic, energy, nootropic stimulant. Used for hypotension, activates cardiac activity, increases performance, and improves sexual function.

Ask the experts a question

Flower formula

Common ginseng flower formula: CH5L5T5P2.

In medicine

Ginseng preparations are used for fatigue, hypotension, decreased performance, mental and physical fatigue, functional diseases of the cardiovascular system, exhaustion, anemia, neurasthenia, hysteria. For asthenic conditions caused by various diseases (diabetes, tuberculosis, malaria, etc.). Has an analgesic effect. Ginseng for men is used for sexual dysfunction.

Tinctures, decoctions, pills, powders, and ointments are prepared from the roots. A decoction is prescribed at the rate of 2-3 g of roots per 600 ml of water, which must be boiled to 1 glass.

In our country, 10% alcohol tincture and ginseng root powder are approved for use. It is prescribed orally before meals. Tincture 12-25 drops 3 times a day, powder 0.25-0.3 g 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 90 days. After every 30 days of taking the drug, take a break of 10 days. Store ginseng tincture in a dark place.

Contraindications and side effects

Ginseng has very low toxicity, however, cases of fatal poisoning are known after a single dose of 150-200 g of ginseng root tincture. The dose for children must be agreed with the doctor. Ginseng preparations are contraindicated in the midst of infectious diseases, as well as patients with organic pathology of the central nervous system, especially in the manic phase.

In cosmetology

Thanks to its tonic and stimulating properties, ginseng is perfectly used in cosmetology. It promotes skin rejuvenation, eliminates wrinkles, gives skin elasticity, and relieves inflammation. Ginseng oil is often added to various hair strengthening products: balms, shampoos, conditioners. The oil is also used for baths, making the skin elastic, beautiful, and giving it a healthy color. Helps with various dermatoses, acne, vitiligo, many other skin diseases, and baldness.

In aromatherapy

The smell emitted by ginseng essential oil tones, helps solve digestive problems, and this in turn has the most beneficial effect on the condition of the skin. Steam baths with ginseng oil are also beneficial for the skin, especially in combination with aromatherapy sessions.

Classification

Common ginseng (Latin: Panax ginseng) belongs to the Araliaceae family (Latin: Araliaceae).

Botanical description

Underground Organs: Ginseng root is a vertical, short rhizome from which emerges a branched, succulent, taproot, yellowish-white, fleshy, slightly branched, pale yellow root. The root surface is wrinkled. More often it is inclined 30-45 degrees to the surface. The roots consist of a head, a long neck and a spindle-shaped root itself, branching at the bottom into two processes 20–25 cm long, 2–2.5 cm in diameter. The rhizome forms the “cap” of the root. The root in the lower part is divided into two processes - like “legs”, the upper part is like the “arms” of the plant. The stem is single, 30–70 cm high. The leaves (two or three) at the base are palmately five-parted, long-petiolate, the leaves are obovate, with a sharp edge, with a wedge-like base and spines on the veins. The flowers are collected in a simple umbrella of 15–20 flowers - greenish-white, sometimes pale pink, bisexual. The calyx of the flower is green. Ginseng flowers emit a faint aroma. The formula of the common ginseng flower is CH5L5T5P.

Ginseng berries are bright red juicy drupes - two-, less often three-seeded. Collected in a spherical group.

Spreading

The species is distributed in eastern Asia (Far East, Altai, China, Tibet).

Regions of distribution on the map of Russia.

Procurement of raw materials

Wild ginseng is a protected plant; it is harvested only under licenses. Therefore, ginseng as a medicinal raw material is mainly a cultivated plant.

On plantations, 5-8 year old plants are harvested. They dig with special bone spatulas, being careful not to tear off the two long lobes that go deep from the root into the ground. You can’t wash the roots, just carefully clean them from the soil. The roots are handed over fresh, or they can be preserved by keeping them over water vapor heated to 80ºC. Dry the raw materials in the shade for a month or two. Dried roots should be light brown and hard. In this form they can be preserved for many years.

Chemical composition

Chemical composition ginseng and its properties have not yet been fully studied. The root contains triterpene saponins, called panaxosides A, B, C, D, E, P. In other Araliaceae, these glycosides of tetracyclic triterpenes of the dammarane series are absent. In panaxosides A, B, C, the aglycone is panaxatriol, and in panaxosides D, E, P, panaxadiol. Panaxosides belong to the class of triterpenoids. Panaxoside C is extracted from the herb and fruit of ginseng. In addition, panacea essential oil, panaxic acid, which is a mixture of fatty acids: stearic, palmitic, linoleic and oleic, cane sugar, alkaloids, fatty oil, phytosterols, mucus, pectin substances, starch, resins, tannins, vitamins, were found in the roots. group B, ascorbic acid. According to Chinese researchers, a significant content of sulfur, phosphorus, trace elements Ca, Mg, K, Al, Se, Fe, Sr, Mn, Ba, Ti was found.

Pharmacological properties

Ginseng preparations are characterized by a significant breadth of therapeutic action. Since they are non-toxic, they can be used for a long time. It has been established that ginseng root is one of the most powerful stimulants of the central nervous system, superior in effectiveness to the mixture of phenamine with proserin, but, unlike the latter, it is not characterized by phasic action and negative consequences, does not disturb sleep, increases performance, including night waking conditions. According to evidence, the effect of ginseng on the body is caused by its stimulating effect on the cortex and subcortical centers. Ginseng increases the mobility and strength of basic cortical processes, enhances positive conditioned reflexes, facilitates the development of conditioned reflexes and improves differentiation. Ginseng root preparations have been proven to have a beneficial effect on blood composition, increase gas exchange, stimulate tissue respiration (especially of the brain), reduce the frequency of contractions and increase the amplitude of the heart, and promote rapid healing of wounds and ulcers. Ginseng tincture, taken orally, increases the secretion of bile, the concentration of bile acids and bilirubin in it, and increases the sensitivity of the human eye to light during the process of dark adaptation. The glycoside ginsenin regulates carbohydrate metabolic processes, reduces blood sugar and increases glycogen synthesis, which makes it effective for diabetes. It has been experimentally proven in animals that when ginseng is administered as a preventive measure, the resistance of animals to radiation exposure improves. Animals that received ginseng and were exposed to radiation were more likely to return to normal life, while animals that did not receive ginseng were sick for a long time and died. The beneficial effect of ginseng on the body is explained by the content of a significant amount of biologically active components in it.

Use in folk medicine

Ginseng root has long been valued in China, where its amazing healing qualities have been known for many centuries. It clearly had a strengthening, tonic, and stimulating effect. It is rightfully believed that ginseng promotes longevity and is very useful in old age. It is used for general weakness, exhaustion, fatigue, depression, impotence, and hypochondria.

In addition, ginseng tincture is used for mental and physical fatigue, after severe long-term illnesses, for functional disorders of the cardiovascular system, hypofunction of the gonads, diabetes and some functional nervous and mental diseases (neuroses, neurasthenia, psychasthenia, etc.), for chronic gastritis with reduced secretory function.

In China, there is a custom to give newborn children (especially boys) ginseng tincture as a preventative measure. This, instead of vaccinations, protects babies from various infectious diseases. Ginseng roots are used fresh or canned - in sugar or honey.

Historical reference

2800 BC in Chinese medicine, ginseng was considered a remedy that could cure all diseases. Of course, so unique medicine was valued very dearly. Natural specimens (roots) weighing 100-200 grams were considered rare. Like the discovery of gold bars or precious stones, the discovery of particularly large specimens left their mark on history. So, in 1981, a root weighing 500 grams with a shoot 65 cm long was found in China. The root had many
branches and pearl growths, which is especially highly valued. In 1905, when laying railway An even larger specimen weighing 600 grams was excavated in Manchuria. It was sold in Shanghai for $5,000, which was only half its true value. Ginseng was first brought to Russia from China in 1675 by boyar N.G. Sapphiriy, Russian envoy to the court of the Chinese Emperor.

Literature

1. N. G. Kovaleva - Treatment with plants - M.: “Medicine”, 1972 - 352 p.

2. Universal encyclopedia of medicinal plants / Comp. I. N. Putyrsky, V. N. Prokhorov - Minsk: “Book House”, M.: Makhaon, 2000 - 656 p.

3. A.F. Gammerman, N.I. Grom - Wild medicinal plants of the USSR - M.: “Medicine”, 1976 - 287 p.

4. Popov V.I., Shapiro D.K., Danusevich I.K. - Medicinal plants - Minsk: “Polymya”, 1990 - 304 p.

5. A. N. Alefirov, Mastopathy. Herbal treatment. St. Petersburg: Publishing House "Ves", 2006 - 160 p.

6. Yagodka V.S. - Herbal medicine in dermatology and cosmetics - Kyiv: “Health”, 1987 - 135 p.

Name:

- a perennial herbaceous plant from the Araliaceae family. Other names: Panax, root-man, real ginseng, root of life, stosil.

Description:

Perennial herbaceous plant up to 50-70 cm tall. The root is fleshy, cylindrical with branches, not often weird shape, aromatic. The stem of ginseng is thin, green, and leafy. The leaves in a whorl at the top of the stem are long-petiolate, palmately compound, their number is 2-5; The lower leaves on the petioles are smaller than the upper ones, oval, with a pointed apex and wedge-shaped base, finely serrate along the edge. Flowers number from 5-16 pink, less often white, in an apical umbel. The fruit is bright red, two-seeded. Ginseng blooms in July. It bears fruit in September. It grows in virgin broad-leaved and coniferous forests in collaboration with Korean cedar. Ginseng grows singly, sometimes forming “families” of up to 100 plants or more. Grows in the Far East. Introduced into culture.

Contains active substances:

The medicinal raw material is the root of plants at least 5 years old. Ginseng root contains a number of physiologically active substances, in particular, the glycosides panaxaponin, panoquilon, panaxosides A and B, ginsenin, which apparently also belongs to glycosides, panaxic acid (a mixture of palmitic , stearic, oleic and lenoleic acid), etc., vitamins B1 and B2, ascorbic acid, phosphoric acid, iron, manganese. In addition, ginseng root contains resinous substances, starch, phytosterol fatty oil, pectin substances, and cane sugar.

Medicinal use:

The roots of wild and cultivated ginseng are used fresh and canned in sugar. Often used in combination with antlers and other medicinal plants. The effect of ginseng on the body is due to its stimulating effect on the cortex and subcortical formations of the brain. Ginseng increases the strength and mobility of the main cortical processes, enhances positive conditioned reflexes, facilitates the development of conditioned reflexes and strengthens differentiation. It has been established that products from the root have a beneficial effect on the blood picture, increase gas exchange, stimulate tissue respiration (especially the brain), increase the amplitude and reduce the frequency of heart contractions; accelerate the healing of wounds and ulcers. Ginseng extract, taken orally, increases the secretion of bile, the concentration of bilirubin and bile acids in it, and increases the light sensitivity of the human eye in the process of tempo adaptation. It is the most powerful stimulant of the central nervous system, superior in effect to the mixture of prozerin and phenomin; In contrast to the latter, it does not have a phasic action and negative consequences, does not disturb sleep, increases performance during night wakefulness, etc. The beneficial effect of ginseng on the body is explained by the content of biologically active substances in it. Thus, the glycoside panaxaponin is credited with a stimulating effect; this glycoside also has the property of toning the heart and blood vessels. Panaxic acid actively affects metabolism. Panacea has an analgesic and calming effect on the nerve centers. Panaquilon stimulates the endocrine apparatus. Ginzenin regulates carbohydrate metabolism, causes a decrease in blood sugar levels and an increase in the formation of glycogen. Taking ginseng root products is accompanied by an increase in physical and mental performance, an increase in body weight, and an improvement in well-being, sleep, appetite, and mood. Unlike other stimulants such as phenamine, there are no negative consequences when taking ginseng. In scientific medicine, ginseng is used as a tonic for hypertension, physical and mental fatigue, as a result of severe long-term illnesses, impotence, decreased productivity, loss of nutrition, functional disorders of the heart. -vascular system, disorder of sexual functions, especially with hypofunction of the gonads, diabetes, neuropsychic diseases of a functional nature, such as neuroses, neurasthenia, psychasthenia. Ginseng products are also indicated for chronic hypo- and anacid gastritis. Taking these products helps improve rapid recovery functional state of the liver in Botkin's disease. In Russia, 10% alcohol tincture and powder from ginseng root are approved for use. The products are prescribed orally, before meals. The tincture is taken 15-25 drops 3 times every day, the powder - 0.25-0.3 g 3 times every day. When taking ginseng products, you must remember that the indicated doses are average and depending on the individual characteristics of the patient and the nature of the disease can be increased or decreased. When treating with ginseng, it is recommended to prescribe half doses in the first 10 days. During repeated courses of treatment, the dose does not need to be reduced. If there is no effect of treatment with ginseng, the dose should be increased in accordance with the individual characteristics and condition of the patient. Treatment should be carried out in courses of at least 30-40 days. To obtain a more lasting effect, it is recommended to carry out 2~3 courses of treatment, and in some cases more. Breaks between courses are 2-3 weeks.

Recipe for making Ginseng tincture:

Pour a root weighing 40-50 g with cold boiled water, sweetened with sugar, for 3-4 hours, cut it, dip it in 0.5 liters of 40° alcohol and leave for 17-20 days in a dark place. Take 10 ml once every day, 30 minutes before meals, without drinking water. Top up the amount of alcohol you drink over a period of 2 weeks. The course of treatment is 90 days with two breaks of 10 days. This course of treatment can be repeated only after a year. In case of overdose and a very long course of treatment without breaks, side effects in the form of headaches, insomnia, palpitations, etc. Ginseng root is credited with the ability to prolong life and youth, which is why some recommend using it for healthy people starting from the age of 40. Chinese doctors believe that ginseng increases the immunobiological properties of the body and, when used for a long time, has an anti-inflammatory effect. In Chinese folk medicine, ginseng is used in combination with other drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis, rheumatism, diabetes and as an expectorant for certain bronchial diseases, debilitating night sweats, hemoptysis, anemia, hysteria, general loss of strength and many others. other diseases. In Korea with therapeutic purpose Ginseng leaves are also used to accelerate the healing of wounds and ulcers. Pentaphyllum ginseng, which grows and cultivated in North America, and creeping ginseng in Japan, have a similar, but much weaker, effect.

Therapeutic uses of ginseng:

Tincture: 50%; 15-25 drops 3 times every day 1/2 hour before meals. Powder: 1 powder (0.25 g) 3 times every day 20-30 minutes before meals.

Far Eastern ginseng and its healing properties have long been valued by residents of China, Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. For Europeans, ginseng root began to reveal its abilities relatively recently. Studying its composition helps to find the best use for herbal raw materials and identify all existing contraindications for use.

In nature, ginseng lives in moist deciduous forests from Russian Far East before South Korea, as well as in several regions in the eastern United States. But due to their slow growth and rarity, wild plants cannot meet the growing needs of pharmaceutical companies, traditional healers and everyone who wants to improve their health. That's why most of dry ginseng root, tinctures and other preparations based on it are produced from raw materials grown on specially planted plantations.

Interest in the culture and its beneficial properties led to the development of an entire falsification industry. To avoid becoming a victim of deceivers, ginseng root should be purchased only from completely trustworthy sellers.

Description, features and composition of ginseng root

The ginseng plant and its root system have a very memorable appearance. Above the ground, the perennial has a rosette of dense green leaves with three or five lobes. sheet plates, as well as umbrella inflorescences. After pollination, oval or round red achenes appear in place of small white flowers. The aerial part has no medicinal value.

The plant hides its main treasure underground. This is a powerful perennial rhizome, often shaped like a bizarre human figurine.

The beneficial properties of ginseng root and contraindications for use are determined by its biochemical composition. Purified plant raw materials contain only 41 kcal per 100 grams, while rhizomes contain a lot of vitamins, mineral salts and amino acids, peptides, essential oils, unsaturated fatty acids and saponins.

Ginseng root is most often available to consumers in the form of ready-made infusions, teas, capsules containing medicinal powder, and also dried using a special technology. Such rhizomes are called “red ginseng”.

Beneficial properties of ginseng root

The discoverers and first researchers of the beneficial properties and contraindications of ginseng root were traditional healers from Asian countries. “Root of Life” has been recognized for many millennia in China and other countries in the region as the most effective general strengthening and tonic remedy.

Today, representatives of traditional European medicine fully agree with them. Thanks to a comprehensive study of the composition of the root, it was possible to prove it:

• the ability to stimulate the functioning of the heart and vascular system;
• influence on the speed of a person’s adaptation to intense loads and recovery after them;
• stimulating effect on the course of rehabilitation after illness;
• antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects;
• anticonvulsant effect;
• active influence on the sexual sphere.

The main area of ​​influence of ginseng root is the nervous and circulatory system person. With regular, supervised use, a person better adapts to stressful situations, tolerates serious physical and psycho-emotional stress more easily. According to the instructions for use, ginseng root improves:

• tone of the heart muscle and blood vessels;
• blood supply to tissues and organs, as a result of which potency increases, breathing improves, and endurance increases;
• brain activity.

For what health problems and how to take ginseng root?

The plant is classified as medicinal and contains a lot of bioactive components. Therefore, it is better to use it for therapeutic and preventive purposes after consulting a doctor.

Ginseng root for men

Ginseng and preparations based on its root increase blood pressure, improve blood circulation, supply the body with minerals, amino acids, essential vitamins, and have a stimulating effect on many organs and systems.

Ginseng is often used as a natural herbal remedy to increase the body's stamina. For a huge number of men, ginseng root is an indispensable assistant in their sex life.

Due to its rich microelement content, the presence of saponins and other components, ginseng is recommended for representatives of the stronger sex who note that with age, after any illness or for other reasons, they cannot maintain the same level of sexual activity.

In case of problems with potency, ginseng root not only strengthens erection by improving blood supply to the genital organs, but also increases stamina, which will invariably affect the duration and quality of intimacy.

Abundance of vitamins, valuable oils, amino acids and minerals:

• has a positive effect on spermatogenesis;
• helps delay the appearance of signs of aging in men and the decline in testosterone levels.

When and how to take ginseng root

Preparations based on ginseng root are indicated for low blood pressure, fatigue or long periods of intense exercise. "Green Doctor" strengthens immune defense. In older people, if there is no tendency to hypertension, it helps maintain low level cholesterol and fight the manifestations of atherosclerosis.

Ginseng, as one of the bioactive agents, is prescribed for diabetes. Plant materials have the ability to effectively reduce blood sugar levels, promote the breakdown of glucose and improve blood quality.

Unlike men, women need to be careful when taking ginseng root in all forms.

Herbal medicine is indicated for VSD and signs of anemia. However, during a long course of use, ginseng can cause a violation menstrual cycle, cause hormonal imbalances.

Before brewing ginseng roots, the plant material is gently but thoroughly washed in cold running water. Then the rhizomes are dried on a napkin and crushed. For a glass of infusion, take a tablespoon of the prepared mass, which is poured drinking water and bring to a boil over low heat. After several hours of infusion, the drink is ready. It is taken three times a day, half a teaspoon, 30 minutes before meals.

Contraindications to taking ginseng root

Despite the presence of many beneficial properties, ginseng root has contraindications. Taking active drugs is prohibited during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Due to increased blood pressure, you should not drink infusions, tablets or tea with ginseng if you have hypertension, as well as with systemic heart rhythm disorders.

Due to the development of hyperactivity in children under 16 years of age, sleep disturbances and other unpleasant consequences Ginseng is not used in pediatric practice.

The use of herbal preparations should be limited:

• with mild nervous excitability;
• in the presence of inflammatory, especially purulent processes;
• with excessive activity of the endocrine system.

A contraindication to taking ginseng root in men is a diagnosis of prostate dysplasia. There is a general prohibition on treatment with ginseng if benign tumors are detected.

Even in the absence of visible symptoms of the disease, you should not self-medicate. The use of ginseng in treatment must be done with the consent and supervision of the attending physician.

Interesting information about the properties of ginseng - video