Do-it-yourself piping of a floor-standing gas heating boiler. Gas boiler piping - installation rules and requirements
When building autonomous heating At home, it is important to properly think through and carry out the piping of gas, solid fuel and electric boilers. Let's look at possible circuits and piping elements, talk about classic, emergency and specific circuits, as well as the main equipment of these circuits.
The basic principles of piping a boiler of any design are safety and efficiency, as well as the maximum service life of all elements of the heating system. Let's consider various options organization of heating in order to make a balanced and most suitable decision for a particular case during individual construction.
Connecting the boiler to power supplies
If the boiler is operating at gas fuel, then you need to organize a gas supply to it. For main gas supply, this must be done by a gas service employee. If the heating is from cylinders, you need to enter into a lease agreement with Gaztekhnadzor, and entrust the installation to a company that has permission to this type works All work related to gas is potentially dangerous and this is not the moment when you should save money and do the work yourself.
1. Heating supply. 2. Hot water for domestic needs. 3. Gas. 4. Cold water to the DHW circuit. 5. Heating return
When using bottled gas, a reducer must be used that combines a group of cylinders
The electric boiler must be connected to the network. The boiler and terminal box must be grounded; all connections are made with copper wiring with a cross-section no less than that specified in the technical data sheet for the equipment.
A solid fuel boiler is always autonomous and only requires the connection of heating and hot water supply pipes. Connections to electrical power circuits require only automatic control units, if they are involved.
Single and double circuit boilers
Single-circuit boilers are designed primarily for heating. Only one circuit passes through them, including automation, pipe distribution and radiators. A boiler can also be included in the circuit indirect heating for supplying hot water to washbasin, shower and bath mixers. The boiler power is selected with an appropriate power reserve. The feasibility of such a connection in most cases is somewhat questionable, since it disrupts the stability of the heating system by sudden heat withdrawal. The problem can be solved by equipping the circuit with a complex control system, which in some models may come complete with the boiler.
Single-circuit boiler with indirect heating boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Boiler piping. 3. Radiator. 4. Indirect heating boiler. 5. Input cold water
In a double-circuit boiler, hot water supply, along with heating, is included in the functions of the boiler and constitutes one of its two circulation circuits. More stable operation of both systems is achieved when boilers are equipped with two separate heat exchangers for two circuits. Feature of the system: no hot water storage tank.
Connecting a double-circuit boiler: 1. Boiler. 2. Heating boiler piping. 3. Heating circuit. 4. Cold water input
Boiler piping diagram for natural circulation
Natural circulation is based on the laws of physics - thermal expansion of the coolant and gravity, therefore the boiler piping does not include pressure equipment.
In order for the water in the circuit to move continuously, several rules must be followed.
The boiler should be located at the lowest point of the house, preferably in the basement or in a specially equipped pit.
The pipeline from the top point to the heating radiators, and from them to the “return”, must be made with a slope of at least 0.5° to reduce the hydraulic resistance of the system.
Heating with natural circulation. H - the difference in the levels of the supply and return lines, determines the pressure in the heating circuit
The diameter of the heating distribution pipes must ensure a water speed of no lower than 0.1 m/s and no higher than 0.25 m/s. Such values must be taken in advance and checked by calculation, based on the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet (gradient) and the difference in height along the axes of the boiler and radiators (at least 0.5 m).
The gravitational circuits of the boiler can be of open and closed types. In the first case, an expansion tank is installed at the highest point of the system (in the attic or roof). open type, it also acts as an air vent.
The closed system is equipped with a membrane tank located on the same level as the boiler. Since the closed system does not have direct contact with the atmosphere, it must be equipped with a safety group (pressure gauge, safety valve and air vent). The group is positioned so that the air valve is at the highest point of the circuit.
Natural circulation systems are independent of power supply and are most common where electrical networks are absent or unreliable.
Boiler piping diagram for forced circulation
The stimulator of water movement in the circuit with forced circulation is a circulation pump. The circuits can also be open (with an open type expansion tank) and closed (with a membrane tank and a safety group).
The circulation pump, as a rule, is installed in the place where the water temperature is the lowest - at its entrance to the boiler, and is mounted on the same site. The pump is selected based on the heating calculation, showing the required coolant flow, and the characteristics of the boiler. The coolant flow rate is regulated based on the return water temperature based on an impulse from a sensor installed at the boiler inlet.
1. Boiler. 2. Security group. 3. Expansion tank. 4. Circulation pump. 5. Heating radiators
One- and two-pipe heating system wiring
The single-pipe system is widely used in apartment buildings old buildings. The water temperature from radiator to radiator is constantly decreasing, which leads to an uneven supply of heat to individual rooms. In a two-pipe system, the coolant is distributed evenly across all radiators; when it loses temperature, it enters the second pipe - the “return”. Thus, the two-pipe system provides the house with heat more evenly.
1. Single-pipe wiring diagram. 2. Two-pipe scheme wiring
Manifold wiring diagram of the heating system
If there are a large number of heating radiators located on different floors, or when connecting a “warm floor”, the best scheme The wiring is collector. At least two collectors are installed in the boiler circuit: on the water supply - distributing, and on the “return” - collecting. The manifold is a piece of pipe into which taps with valves are inserted to allow regulation of individual groups.
Collector group
An example of connecting a heating circuit and a “warm floor” system using a manifold group
Collector wiring is also called radial, since the pipes can radiate in different directions throughout the house. Such a scheme in modern houses one of the most common and considered practical.
Primary-secondary rings
For boilers with a power of 50 kW or more or a group of boilers that are intended for heating and hot water supply to houses large area, the scheme of primary-secondary rings is used. The primary ring consists of boilers - heat generators, secondary rings - heat consumers. Moreover, consumers can be installed on the forward branch and be high-temperature, or on the reverse branch and be called low-temperature.
To ensure that there are no hydraulic distortions in the system and to separate the circuits, a hydraulic separator (arrow) is installed between the primary and secondary circulation rings. It also protects the boiler heat exchanger from hydraulic shocks.
If the house is large, then after the separator a collector (comb) is installed. For the system to work, you need to calculate the diameter of the arrow. The diameter is selected based on maximum performance(flow) of water and flow speed (not higher than 0.2 m/s) or as a derivative of the boiler power, taking into account the temperature gradient (recommended value Δt - 10 ° C).
Formulas for calculations:
- G—maximum flow rate, m 3 /h;
- w is the speed of water through the cross section of the arrow, m/s.
- P—boiler power, kW;
- w—water velocity through the cross section of the arrow, m/s;
- Δt—temperature gradient, °C.
Emergency circuits
In forced circulation systems, the pumps are dependent on a power supply that may be interrupted. To prevent boiler overheating, which can damage the equipment or even lead to depressurization, boilers are equipped with emergency systems.
First option. Source uninterruptible power supply or a generator that will power the circulation pumps. In terms of efficiency, this method is one of the most optimal.
Second option. A small reserve ring is being installed, operating on the gravitational principle. When the circulation pump is turned off, a natural circulation circuit is switched on in the system, ensuring the release of heat from the coolant. The additional circuit cannot provide full heating.
Third option. During construction, two full-fledged circuits are laid, one operates on the gravitational principle, the second using pumps. Systems must have the ability to exchange heat and mass during an emergency period.
Fourth way. If the water supply is centralized, then when the pumps are turned off, cold water is supplied to the heating circuits through a special pipe with a shut-off valve (a jumper between the water supply and heating systems).
In conclusion, we suggest watching a video about the rules for calculating a single-pipe heating system for a private house.
Who among us does not dream of a comfortable microclimate in the house? Probably everyone. This can only be achieved with proper adjustment of the heating system, where the boiler plays the main role. And in order for such expensive equipment long years uninterruptedly generated heat, did not overheat and did not fail, and the boiler needed piping.
What is heating system piping
Piping is a set of equipment and pipes that provides radiators with a thermal carrier.
The piping includes everything that is located between the boiler and radiators
Simply put, the piping is needed in order to connect the boiler with heating devices(radiators) or with a boiler.
Many people, out of ignorance, do not attach importance to this part of the heating system and completely in vain. Correctly made harness:
In other words, the piping ensures reliability, safety and high performance of the entire heating system, creating coziness and comfort in the house.
Piping diagrams for gas boilers: connecting a thermostat, shut-off valves and hydraulic elements
The general strapping scheme is quite simple. It does not depend on the type of fuel and is suitable for any type of boilers, including condensing and solid fuel. Includes the following components:
The choice of strapping method depends on:
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
The most popular is the piping of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient
An electric pump is responsible for the movement of the coolant in this circuit, thanks to which hot water circulates in the system.
However, this scheme has its drawbacks - the presence large quantity pipes, shut-off and control valves and their considerable price, the need for balancing between all links, dependence on energy sources. This complicates the design and makes installation of the heating system more expensive.
Installation of a double-circuit boiler requires just such a piping scheme.
Piping a boiler with natural circulation is much simpler than a classic one; if necessary, you can install it yourself.
Piping a boiler with natural circulation is much simpler than the classic one; if necessary, you can install it yourself
In this scheme there is no pump, and the heat carrier is distributed according to the laws of physics - cold water, being more dense, pushes out hot water with a lower density.
This scheme (also called gravity) has a number of advantages - affordable cost of equipment, setup and maintenance, the ability to install and quickly repair it yourself. In addition, it does not require connection to electrical network, therefore, allows you to save on a backup power generator.
But, despite this, the gravity circuit has a serious drawback - it is suitable for piping only single-circuit boilers, applicable in a small house or country house, and pipes laid near the floor or ceiling spoil the interior.
Specifics of installation of piping for certain types of boilers
It all depends on the model and power of the boiler. When assembling, you should strictly follow the instructions and remember some rules:
Place filters correctly so that all dirt collects at the bottom and not in the pipe. Do not forget about the direction of coolant flow - always in the arrow
American is an analogue of the previously popular squeezing. Using this device, pipes and radiators are connected
You cannot use collective (common) ventilation shafts to remove combustion products (this applies to apartment buildings). You can't adjust the traction in them. If there is excessive draft, acidic dew settles on the walls of the pipes, which can sooner or later destroy the gas outlet, therefore, when installing it, it is recommended to use pipes made of roofing sheet. And if there is a lack of draft, combustion products can fill the room, which is very, very dangerous.
Floor-standing and wall-mounted boilers
These types of boilers differ only in the installation method; there is no fundamental difference in the piping arrangement for them. It is more advisable to install a wall-mounted type for heating a well-insulated room with an area of 80–350 m² connected to the main gas.
It is more advisable to install a wall-mounted type for heating a well-insulated room of a large area
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters.
In all other cases, it is better to purchase a floor-standing boiler.
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters
Single-circuit boilers
They have one heat exchanger and are intended for heating only. The piping is done using two pipes: for the supply and for the return line. Single-circuit boilers of the latest modifications can work in conjunction with an indirect boiler and provide home hot water. In this case, the simplest piping is through a three-way valve according to the principle of priority heating of water in the boiler.
This scheme complicates the strapping, but not too much, but its benefits are undoubted.
Connecting a single-circuit gas boiler with a free-standing boiler is complex, but extremely profitable
Double-circuit boilers
Designed for heating and hot water supply (hot water supply). But, as practice shows, a double-circuit boiler cannot provide a private house sufficient amount of hot water for consumption. Therefore, you have to use it in turn: either in the kitchen or in the bathroom. To increase the volume, an additional boiler can be connected to the system. But the presence of a boiler complicates the piping scheme.
The main distribution function in such a scheme falls on three-way valve, as for a single-circuit boiler. But the operating principle here is different: the coolant moves from the main source to the additional one and back. It is this scheme that allows the coolant to gain the most high temperature(in the return line it can reach 80 °C).
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure differences in the radiators and boiler and balance the coolant flows. In some cases, it is possible to install a system without hydraulics, while the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.
Piping a double-circuit boiler is more complicated than a single-circuit boiler and is more expensive, but such a heating system is much more efficient.
Additional energy sources for a private home: generators and uninterruptible power supplies
For any piping option, it is necessary to provide for an emergency heating mode in the event of a power outage. Be sure to connect the boiler, pumps and fans to gasoline generator, which will power the equipment until the electricity turns on. If gas supply interruptions occur in your area, it makes sense to include a parallel electric boiler in the system.
Assembly, installation and connection of gas boilers
Installation of a heating system begins with obtaining permits and approvals. It is necessary to order a detailed design for the installation of a boiler room and conclude a gas supply agreement (if it is a private house). And only after familiarizing yourself with the project, where the parameters are written necessary equipment, you can start purchasing, assembling, installing and connecting to networks.
Is it possible to install a boiler in a house or apartment?
Special requirements are imposed on the room where the mini-boiler room will be located, and it is not recommended to violate them by doing things on your own. This is not only fraught with heavy fines, but also life-threatening, because gas is an explosive substance and extreme care should be taken when handling it.
Video: example of setting up a simple heating system
Main criteria for choosing a room:
Installation of small-power boilers is allowed in any non-residential premises. Many people place them in the kitchen. If there is at least 0.2 m² of space per 1 kW of gas boiler power, then it is quite possible to obtain permission. When the kitchen is combined with the living room, then an indispensable condition is the presence of a gas analyzer for the timely detection of possible gas leaks.
Small single-circuit boilers can be installed in the kitchen. Moreover, they even decorate the interior
Double-circuit boilers are prohibited from being installed in kitchens.
The location of the equipment also depends on the power of the equipment. With a total power of up to 150 kW, it is possible to equip a boiler room on any floor; above that, only on the first or basement floor.
Two boilers in one system: parallel and series connection
Today, there is increasingly a need to install several heating devices at once in a large country house or cottage. And these could be different boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas.
Two boilers in one system can be connected according to different schemes:
In a sequential circuit, the coolant heated by the solid fuel (SF) boiler enters the thermal accumulator (TA), and then is supplied to a closed system with a gas boiler
At parallel connection The operation of the solid fuel boiler is controlled by sensors (4). Using a three-way valve (7), any boiler can be disconnected from the system
If certain conditions are met (coordination with supervisory authorities and obtaining the necessary permits), it is quite possible to implement one of these systems. At the same time, comfort is achieved (due to a gas boiler) and savings (due to low-cost solid fuel).
Regarding autonomous heating in apartments multi-storey buildings, then there are no fundamental differences in the installation and connection procedure, there are only a few features related to the choice of equipment:
The gas boiler connection diagram is divided into 6 stages:
For a wall-mounted boiler, you need to mark the wall according to the supplied template and secure the installation bracket using fasteners
The forward and return pipes are connected through American couplings
The boiler is connected via an RCD to protect against electric shock
A gas consumption meter must be installed in front of the boiler.
A thermostat is necessary to maintain the desired temperature in the room.
Where is the best place to install a room thermostat?
A thermostat (sometimes called a programmer) is an automatic room device that regulates the operation of boiler equipment according to specified parameters. It reacts to the air temperature and gives the boiler a command to reduce or increase power. It is recommended to install the thermostat in residential areas away from heat sources, direct sunlight and drafts. It's best to place it in the coldest or most frequently used room in the house.
Features of installing the boiler in unheated rooms or outdoors
In small cottages, it is sometimes advisable to install a gas boiler, for example, in the attic or even outside the house. First of all, this is done to save space in residential premises. But with such arrangement of the heating system, the warranty does not apply to the purchased boiler. Humidity, wind, cold and other factors will negatively affect the operating life of the equipment.
The situation can be corrected by installing a protective cabinet, which must comply with the standards (the distance between the boiler and the cabinet walls is at least 15 cm) and be spacious enough so as not to interfere with the use of the boiler and its maintenance.
Video: how to independently connect a heating system for a cottage
Electrical grounding: two connection options
This is an integral part of the heating system. Without grounding service departments will not issue permission to put the system into operation.
Grounding is necessary not only to extend the life of gas equipment, but also for the safety of the residents of the house.
Grounding can be done manually in two ways:
The working process:
All grounding electrodes are connected to each other in series using horizontal metal strips
If houses are located close to each other, then linear grounding can be done. The sequence is the same, only the trench should run along the entire perimeter of the house. Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m.
Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m
Check is being carried out special tool. At the same time, regulatory authorities pay attention to the soil in which the ground electrodes are located. Therefore, before starting work, it will not be superfluous to find out by what standards the finished structure will be assessed.
Does a gas boiler need a chimney?
A gas boiler definitely needs a chimney. You can build it yourself. You need to choose a suitable design, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements and carry out all stages of work strictly according to the instructions.
Special requirements apply to materials. They are regulated in clause 6.2.7 of SNiP - chimney pipes must withstand mechanical loads, temperature fluctuations and not be subject to corrosion. It can be asbestos-cement, ceramic, plastic or metal pipes. The best option- stainless steel pipes as the cheapest and easiest to install.
In addition to pipes for arranging a chimney for a gas boiler, you will need:
Chimneys can be internal or external.
When installing an internal chimney, a conical tip is required to protect against precipitation
Different materials are used for their manufacture, but the following requirements remain unchanged:
The chimney in the room must be insulated. At the place of passage interfloor ceilings a special passage block is inserted
Step-by-step diagram of connecting the boiler to the chimney
The fundamental difference between internal and external chimneys No. In any case, the connection begins with connecting the adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately the outlet pipe). Then:
The connection begins by connecting the adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately the outlet pipe)
An external (wall) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install. Sandwich pipes are used for its arrangement. They are assembled on the ground and then secured to the building with clamps, brackets and braces (to provide greater stability). The height is calculated according to the standards, taking into account the distance from the roof ridge.
external (wall) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install
Detailed consideration of the main aspects of installation gas heating shows that it is possible to make such a system with my own hands is quite real. We hope that the information presented will help you choose the right equipment, as well as install and launch it in accordance with the requirements of inspection organizations.
Installation of a gas wall-mounted double-circuit boiler is not a final action that fully ensures the operation of the heating system and the supply of hot water.
The boiler is the most important element of the heating circuit; it provides hot water supply, but it is only a source of thermal energy.
To evenly distribute heating over the entire area of the house, a peripheral part of the system is required, which is installed based on operating conditions, room configuration and other considerations.
Mistakes made during its creation can negate all costs of purchasing a boiler and reduce heating efficiency to a minimum.
Let's take a closer look at this issue.
Boiler piping is a complex of pipelines and external components that is installed on gas boilers and heating appliances. In addition, piping is usually called the process of installing the periphery that forms outer part heating circuit.
Since the boiler is a double-circuit boiler, together with the heating it is necessary to assemble the DHW wiring and connect it to the water supply devices. Installation - responsible and important work, requiring the involvement of competent, qualified specialists.
It is also possible to independently piping the system if the user has copper soldering skills or knows how to handle polypropylene pipelines.
In any case, the result depends on the thoroughness and accuracy of the contractor, his level of training in the creation of thermal systems.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages include:
- It becomes possible to supply thermal energy to the premises through coolant circulation.
- The organization of hot water supply becomes possible.
- Some boiler models do not have built-in circulation pumps. The harness allows you to use external devices, completely solving the problem.
- Increasing the efficiency and economy of the boiler and the entire system as a whole.
- The need for careful design of the heating circuit.
- We have to perform a complex of complex and time-consuming work.
- For tying it is necessary to involve experienced specialists.
Despite the existence of some disadvantages, the operation of the system without strapping is impossible. Therefore, the main task becomes competent design and high-quality work of installers.
NOTE!
All attempts to minimize labor costs or financial costs in this case are dangerous - they can lead to destruction or unproductive operation of the system.
What elements does the diagram contain?
The wiring diagram is a complex made up of the following elements:
- Circulation pump.
- Valves for various purposes (safety, check, distribution, etc.).
- Expansion tank.
- Ball valves - drain, balancing, etc.
- Pressure gauge.
- Filters for purifying liquids from solid particles.
As a rule, most of these components are built into a wall-mounted double-circuit boiler, and there is no need to duplicate them in the external part of the system. Elements such as a circulation pump, expansion tank, all taps and valves are initially present in the boiler design as components.
A modern unit practically does not require the installation of external components, connecting directly to the system. The exception is non-volatile boilers that are not equipped with a circulation pump and other important elements.
An important element of the piping is air removal devices. A circulation pump can perform this function, but the efficiency of the process is low and takes a long time.
It is easier to install Mayevsky taps on radiators and place the supply pipeline in a vertical position (on non-volatile systems). In addition, pressure and temperature monitoring devices, which provide information about the operation of the system, are of great importance.
Shut-off valves allow you to regulate or cut off the system lines in case of emergency situations.
What materials are used
Materials for the manufacture of pipelines in heating systems are:
- Steel. In Soviet times steel pipes were practically the only option. They are cheap and can withstand high pressure. The disadvantage is the need welding work and a tendency to corrosion and formation on the internal walls limescale, capable of completely blocking the pipeline cross-section. Later, stainless steel pipes appeared, which are not prone to lime deposits and corrosion.
- Copper. The most common material for creating piping for gas boilers. Connected by soldering, withstands high pressure. Not prone to corrosion or deposits on the inner walls of the tubes.
- Metal-plastic. Pipes appeared relatively recently. Their main value lies in the ease of installation - it does not require welding, all connections are made using wrenches. Metal-plastic pipes have plasticity, which in some cases makes it possible to do without fittings.
- Polypropylene. To install it, a special soldering iron is used, but it is inexpensive, like the pipelines themselves. IN Lately this material is actively used for assembling systems in private homes, since such pipes do not burst when frozen. Collected from polypropylene pipes the autonomous system will remain intact in the event of an accident, which is highly valued by users. The walls of the pipelines are quite thick, which some people think is a disadvantage.
- Polyethylene low pressure(PND). These pipes are also not burst by frozen water. However, HDPE pipes are not suitable for a heating system because they have a low operating temperature. They can only be used for the external part of underfloor heating systems.
The choice of the most suitable material is determined by the capabilities and preferences of the home owner.
Piping diagrams for a double-circuit wall-mounted boiler
There are several strapping schemes used depending on the type and specific features of the system:
- Gravity circuit, which is used in systems with natural coolant circulation. Pipelines and radiators are installed with a slope that ensures that hot layers of liquid move up and cooler layers move down.
- Circuit with a circulation pump. The coolant movement is forced, the system operation is more stable and efficient. This option is used most often.
- Collector circuit. It appeared relatively recently; its difference from the generally accepted options is the connection of the boiler to the manifold, from which all lines of the system are powered. Suitable for complex systems consisting of a radiator line and a heated floor.
- Emergency scheme. It is designed for use in the event of a sudden power outage. Usually the boilers stop working, but if there is an emergency piping circuit, you can use heating using natural coolant circulation.
Both collector and emergency circuits are more expensive and require more labor during assembly. At the same time, they allow you to get more effective work heating and the ability to heat the house during a power outage.
What does the scheme depend on?
The choice of piping scheme depends on the configuration of the heating system, its type and composition.
The main influencing factors are:
- Type of system - open or closed.
- Is there an additional water heater (boiler).
- Are there additional circuits or a heated floor system?
Depending on the combination of certain elements, they can be used different ways connections:
- Direct connection. Used on conventional systems that do not have any add-ons.
- With hydraulic separator. This option is necessary when there are several circuits with different temperatures- a heated floor system cannot have a temperature higher than 30°, and the radiator circuit requires a significantly higher temperature.
- With additional heat exchanger. This is a method when the coolant from the boiler circulates in a small circle, and there is another heat exchanger outside, where thermal energy is transferred to another. liquid directly circulating in the system. This option is rare and is used where different types of coolant are needed (with different freezing temperatures).
The choice of the desired option depends on the configuration and composition of the system. Most often, a direct connection is used, which is simple and reliable..
Doesn't depend on what
The piping scheme does not depend on the type of boiler and the type of fuel used. The same piping methods are used for all types and designs of boilers, regardless of the installation method (floor or wall), the type of fuel (gas, pellets, electricity or diesel fuel) and so on.
For complex systems, minor amendments are sometimes made at the design stage, but they do not play a decisive role and do not change the general principle.
The only difference that is possible is the piping for single- and double-circuit boilers, when either there is or is not a hot water supply line.
The most popular scheme
Let's consider the procedure for creating the most popular type strapping - straight. Most common volatile boilers, therefore, a piping diagram with an existing circulation pump will be described.
Necessary actions:
Installation of all devices
All radiators, washbasins, bathtubs or showers, and kitchen sinks are being installed. It is necessary that by the time the elements of the heating circuit or DHW are connected, all elements are installed and ready for connection.
The readiness of the heating line is especially important, since the hot water supply circuit works for delivery and can be expanded during operation.
Connecting heating system pipelines
All radiators are connected in series with each other by pipelines. One end is connected to the flush line (supply) of the boiler, the other to the return line.
It is important to ensure the tightness and integrity of the system. To avoid errors, you should constantly check the wiring diagram created during the design of the system.
DHW connection
A pipeline is installed, connected to the DHW pipe of the gas boiler. Taps for mixers are connected to the gap through tees. It is recommended that each mixer be equipped with its own ball valves to shut off the water supply when necessary.
The last step is to connect the boiler to the power line - cold water supply. After this, you can make a test run and check the quality of work and integrity of all pipelines.
All detected errors are immediately eliminated, for which the system is stopped, the water is drained and the circuit is readjusted.
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Important! In the article we consider piping a heating boiler as work on connecting it to a finished heating system. This means: radiators, pipes, underfloor heating circuits - everything is already installed, all that remains is to connect the boiler. When studying the issue, you may come across the fact that the boiler piping also includes the installation of all elements of the heating system. But this is wrong, since it is important to separate the heat generator (boiler) and the heat emitter (battery that gives off heat). Everything between them is the harness.
The boiler piping solves three problems:
- Uniform heat distribution throughout the system.
- Protecting the boiler from overheating, which can lead to equipment shutdown ( the best option) or explosion (worst option).
- High-quality supply of hot water, if the boiler is .
Based on the type of installation complexity, heating boiler piping can be divided into complex and simple (conditionally). Simple piping includes a minimum set of instruments, devices, units and is performed, as a rule, for expensive boilers that already have built-in most protection elements and coolant distribution units. Complex piping of the boiler (this is the same set of pipes in the photo) is carried out in the case of installing the simplest boiler, which, in fact, plays the role of a gas burner.
Note: In general, it can be argued that the cost of the boiler and its piping are inversely proportional: the more expensive the boiler, the simpler and cheaper it is to install; the cheaper the boiler, the more expensive and complex the piping scheme.
But this statement does not apply to industrial facilities, where increased safety standards apply and a complete piping circuit, sometimes duplicating the already built-in functions of the heating boiler, must be carried out in any case to comply with acceptance standards.
IN this material The piping of industrial boilers installed in large boiler houses that supply heat to individual neighborhoods or enterprises is not considered.
Harness wall-mounted boiler and water heater
What to buy and why
Elements of the heating boiler piping circuit in the maximum configuration include:
- Expansion tank.
- Pump.
- 8 taps (two each for the pump, supply, return, and one each for the cold water supply and the hot water outlet fitting).
- Fittings (American nuts, couplings, angles, tees).
- Mechanical filters (2 pieces) and a softener (1 at the cold water inlet to the boiler).
- Gas tap and reducer (for gas boiler).
- Relief valve (air vent).
- Separate electrical input with automatic power cut-off (for any boilers that have an electrical part, as well as for pumps).
- Measuring instruments.
- Adapter from the boiler chimney to the house one (except for gas turbocharged ones - they have a chimney included).
- In some cases, blower fans and smoke exhausters can be installed if required by the project.
Depending on the boiler and the selected heating system design, some elements may not be used.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the choice of pipe material. Plastic pipes are easy to install and are used everywhere. But sometimes project conditions require the use of steel pipes. Today this is due, in most cases, to the requirement of standards fire safety or execution technical requirements to provide uninterrupted operation heating. If they exist, then you need to clarify where and what pipes you can use according to the project. For example, part of the circuit in the boiler room can be made of metal in the boiler room itself, and in residential/office premises switch to plastic. Or make all the piping metal, if this is heating a workshop or workshop and the project requires it.
Work order:
- Boiler installation.
- Plumbing work to connect the boiler to the heating system consists of: connecting the supply and return with installing a filter on the latter, installing a filter and softener for cold water inlet (for refilling the heating system), installing a hot water tap.
- Installation and testing of pump operation.
- Connecting a fuel source (gas, electricity)
- Air valve installation.
- Installation of expansion tank.
- Installation of control devices (pressure gauges, thermometers, thermocouples, pyrometers)
- Modeling situations for the activation of emergency shutdown systems.
- Full check of the operation of the heating system with installed boiler piping.
- Acceptance of work.
Let's start tying the boiler
There are two heating schemes: gravity and forced. The first type is called gravitational because it uses simple laws of physics: due to the difference in the density of the heated and spent coolant, movement occurs along the circuit. The coolant returns to the boiler under the influence of its own weight, without the use of a pump. The creation of a gravitational circuit is not only the basis of all foundations, but also the basis on which the entire safety of the system is built. This rule should never be neglected.
Advantages:
- Simplicity, which is the key to reliability.
- Autonomy at work.
- One of the cheapest strapping options.
Forced heating is when you insert a pump into your gravity circuit. They do this for a number of reasons:
- want to save on the boiler and fuel: the boiler is small, the system is large, so the pump ensures pumping of the coolant to the very extreme point system, so that it all distributes heat evenly into the room;
- correct the operation of an incorrectly installed heating system - the circuit is not gravitational.
The pump circuit is reliable and provides consumer comfort. But the lack of electricity makes it useless.
Piping of floor-standing boilers for a powerful heating system Initially: the boiler is installed as low as possible to the highest point of the heating system (therefore, in private houses installation in a pit is required).
Note: The lower the boiler is in relation to the radiators and pipes, the better - the safer.
Simple wiring of a solid fuel boiler The coolant is always saturated with air. It is necessary to allow this air to accumulate and escape - for this purpose an expansion tank is made at the highest point of the system.
Today, many models have their own air vent (or explosion valve). In units without this element, the coolant supply pipe should go strictly vertically upward - this will save you from airing the boiler.
Preparing the boiler piping for finishing operations indoors If the supply and return pipes exit at the bottom or side of the boiler, then there is an air vent system in the boiler. As a rule, it is found in all models of electric and gas boilers.
On the wiring diagrams (see. photo) you can find a lot of bends, pipe turns, various built-in elements (redundant filters, taps, valves). The master’s task is to reduce their number to the required minimum: there should be fewer bends, turns and tees - even fewer. The principle applies: than simpler system- the more reliable it is.
Solid fuel boilers are easy to connect, but
The combustion process in these boilers is not regulated. Because of this, a number of emergency situations are possible that need to be mitigated. The most common is a power outage, which can cause the pump to fail or stop. The solution is simple - creating additional emergency schemes, which include:
- Gravity circuit.
- Cold water supply.
- Backup power supply for the pump.
- Installation of a heat storage tank.
- Additional emergency circuit.
You purchased a new heating unit, intending to install it yourself and connect it to the heating network of a private home. Installation and piping of the boiler is carried out different ways, depending on the energy carrier used, the type of piping and the presence of additional equipment:
- buffer capacity;
- indirect heating boiler;
- second heat generator.
To help you properly connect the boiler to the heating system with your own hands, we suggest considering existing options connection, then select the appropriate circuit.
Options for piping gas heaters
Strict regulatory requirements apply to the installation and connection of gas boilers:
- the ceiling height of the combustion room is not lower than 2 m, the minimum volume is 8 m³ with equipment power up to 60 kW;
- needed in the boiler room supply and exhaust ventilation(threefold air exchange + additional influx for combustion), a window must be provided in the kitchen;
- before attaching the wall-mounted model of the heat generator wooden structure must be protected with a sheet of metal;
- the minimum width of the passage on the front side of the unit is 1 m, the side passage is 60 cm, the distance from the wall to the body is 3 cm;
- the length of the horizontal supply to the main chimney is a maximum of 3 m, the diameter of the pipe is equal to or greater than the cross-section of the heater outlet pipe.
Note. Compliance with these requirements is controlled by the gas supplier company, which gives permission to connect the water heating device to the main line. When installing an autonomous system, the mounted fuel supply system is handed over to the appropriate service for operation.
There are no strict requirements for connecting a gas boiler to a water heating system; the circuit must ensure efficient and safe operation of the unit. Correct connection to radiators or heated floors(TP) in a private house, supervisory services do not check; the responsibility lies entirely with the performer of the work.
Connecting a wall-mounted boiler
It is much easier to tie a suspended model of a gas heat generator than a floor-standing one. These units are ready-made boiler rooms in miniature, equipped with the necessary equipment:
- circulation pump;
- expansion tank;
- a safety group consisting of a safety valve, a pressure gauge and an automatic float air vent;
- double-circuit versions are equipped with an additional or combined bithermal heat exchanger that heats water for domestic hot water needs.
Wall-mounted mini-boiler room with closed camera combustion and forced pressurization from a fan Reference. Single-circuit “wall units” are often equipped with a special pipe for connection to the heating coil of the storage boiler. An electric three-way valve installed inside the housing switches heating/DHW modes at the command of the controller receiving thermostat signals.
For normal operation and ease of maintenance of the wall heater, observe following rules:
Typical piping of a wall-mounted version of a boiler with two circuits - heating and DHW Communications to the heat generator can be carried out using any plastic pipes– soldered from polypropylene, assembled from metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene. There is no threat of emergency overheating to these pipelines. Above is typical diagram piping a gas double-circuit boiler with a radiator network, hot water supply and water supply.
Note. All suspended heaters - atmospheric, turbocharged, condensing - are designed to work with the system closed type. For a heating network with natural water circulation, you will need a floor-standing, non-volatile boiler.
A single-circuit unit is connected according to a similar scheme, but without water supplies. Read more about correct connection"Wall" is narrated in the video.
In country cottages with a large area (over 200 m²) with 3-6 heating circuits, a hydraulic arrow is installed or a scheme of primary/secondary rings is assembled, described at the end of this publication.
Connection to an indirect heating boiler
If the wall heat generator is equipped with a connection pipe storage tank, then the piping is performed according to the previous diagram, only 1 joint with a ball valve is added. Since cheap versions of boilers do not have such a fitting (and a switching valve inside), use the diagram shown in the drawing below.
To connect a simple single-circuit heater with a stationary DHW boiler, purchase a three-way solenoid valve and a mechanical thermostat with an immersion sensor inserted inside the corresponding tank sleeve. How does this connection work:
- Heating priority is always on the boiler side. While the temperature sensor detects an insufficiently high temperature of the container (manually adjusted), all the coolant is directed to the heating coil.
- When the water reaches the required temperature, the overhead sensor will notify the boiler controller, which will start the valve servomotor and switch the coolant flow to the radiators or underfloor heating circuits.
- As water is drawn from the container or cools naturally, the temperature of the water in the tank decreases. The thermocouple signals the electronic unit of the boiler, the valve again transfers the coolant to the boiler.
If the unit does not have a “brains” - an electronics unit, the drive is connected using the TT boiler method Reference. A heat generator, correctly selected in terms of power, heats the hot water tank in 15-25 minutes. The burner operates at maximum mode.
Schemes for floor heat generator
The main difference between the piping of a stationary boiler and a wall-mounted one is the addition of auxiliary elements that are not initially included in its design:
- circulation pump - set it to supply or return, there is no difference;
- For trouble-free removal of the pump, we provide 2 taps on the sides;
- expansion membrane tank we connect to the return line, we also install cut-off valves on the supply line;
- We install it immediately at the outlet of the heater separate group safety without any taps.
We use the remaining parts of the piping - taps, mud traps - according to the diagram. We immediately decided to show the connection of a double-circuit floor-standing unit, so as not to make several identical pictures.
The pump can be installed both in the supply and return pipelines Comment. Exist floor standing boilers imported (for example, Protherm), equipped like wall-mounted devices - expansion tank, pump, safety valve and even a built-in boiler. Such heat generators are connected in a similar way to hanging boilers and can only operate in a closed system with excess coolant pressure.
Protozoa floor models with automation are not included in the house electrical network and are connected to a gravity (gravity) water heating system according to a similar scheme. What is the difference:
- diameter of connected lines – 40…50 mm (internal);
- pipes are brought to the unit with a slope of 3-5 mm per 1 meter of length;
- an open-type expansion tank is used, installed at the highest point - on the supply riser;
- the auxiliary pump is mounted on the bypass along with a sump tank and shut-off valves.
On main lines you will have to use large diameter taps - DN40 or DN50 Put in open system the safety group is pointless - the excess pressure in the network is zero, the pressure gauge will not show anything, and the relief valve will never work. The air vent is also useless - bubbles escape into the atmosphere through the expansion tank during the filling process.
If it is necessary to connect TP circuits and radiators to an attached unit, the system is divided into 2 branches. Connects to one distribution manifold heated floors, to the second - a radiator network.
In a small building, TP circuits can operate without mixing unit and an additional pump - the temperature in the loops is maintained by RTL thermal heads How to tie solid fuel boilers
The connection diagram for a wood-burning heat generator is designed to solve 3 problems (in addition to supplying the batteries with coolant):
- Preventing overheating and boiling of the TT boiler.
- Protection against cold “return” and excessive release of condensate inside the firebox.
- Work with maximum efficiency, that is, in full combustion mode and high heat transfer.
Note. For units with a cast iron heat exchanger, protection against temperature shock, leading to cracking of sections, is important. The phenomenon occurs in a closed system when water circulation stops due to a power outage. After supplying electricity, the cooled coolant sharply cools the cast iron, resulting in cracks.
Presented wiring diagram solid fuel boiler with a three-way mixing valve allows you to protect against condensation in the firebox and bring the heat generator to maximum efficiency mode. How it works:
- While the system and heater are not warmed up, the pump drives water through the small boiler circuit, since the three-way valve is closed on the radiator side.
- When the coolant heats up to 55-60 degrees, the valve set to the specified temperature begins to mix in water from the cold “return”. Heating network country house gradually warms up.
- Upon reaching maximum temperature the valve completely closes the bypass, all water from the TT boiler goes into the system.
- A pump installed on the return line pumps water through the jacket of the unit, preventing the latter from overheating and boiling. If you put the pump on supply, the chamber with the impeller can fill with steam, pumping will stop and the boiler is guaranteed to boil.
The principle of heating using a three-way valve is used for piping any solid fuel heat generators - pyrolysis, pellet, direct and long-term combustion. The exception is gravity distribution, where the water moves too slowly and does not provoke condensation. The valve will create high hydraulic resistance, preventing gravity flow.
If the manufacturer has equipped the solid fuel unit with a water circuit, the coil can be used for emergency cooling in case of overheating. Please note: the fuse on the safety group is triggered by pressure, not temperature, and therefore is not always able to protect the boiler.
A proven solution is to connect the DHW coil to the water supply through a special thermal relief valve, as shown in the diagram. The element will be triggered by a temperature sensor and at the right moment will pass a large volume of cold water through the heat exchanger.
Using the Buffer Capacity
The best way to increase the efficiency of a TT boiler is to connect it to heating through a buffer tank. At the inlet of the heat accumulator we assemble a proven circuit with a three-way mixer, at the outlet we install a second valve that maintains the required temperature in the batteries. Circulation in the heating network is ensured by a second pump.
Balancing valve on the return line is needed to adjust the performance of the pumps What we gain thanks to the thermal accumulator:
- the boiler burns at maximum and reaches the declared efficiency, fuel is used efficiently;
- the likelihood of overheating is sharply reduced since the unit dumps excess heat into a buffer tank;
- the heat accumulator plays the role of a hydraulic arrow; several heating branches can be connected to the tank, for example, radiators of the 1st and 2nd floors, floor heating circuits;
- a fully heated tank maintains the operation of the system for a long time when the wood in the boiler firebox has burned out.
Note. Factory heat accumulators are often equipped with electric heaters– Heating elements that maintain the water temperature in the upper zone of the tank. How to make a connection between the heater and the tank, watch the video:
TT boiler and storage water heater
In order to load an “indirect” boiler using a wood-burning heat generator, you need to embed the latter into the boiler circuit, as shown in the picture. Let us explain the functions of individual elements of the circuit:
- check valves prevent the coolant from flowing in the other direction along the circuits;
- the second pump (it is enough to take a low-power model 25/40) provides circulation through the spiral heat exchanger of the water heater;
- the thermostat turns off this pump when the boiler reaches the set temperature;
- An additional air vent prevents the supply line from becoming aired, which will be above the standard safety group.
In a similar way, you can connect the boiler to any boiler that is not equipped with an electronic control unit.
Electric and diesel heat generators
Connecting a diesel boiler to radiator system is carried out identically to piping gas-using installations. Reason: a diesel unit operates on a similar principle - an electronically controlled burner heats the heat exchanger with a flame, maintaining the set coolant temperature.
Electric boilers, in which the water is heated by heating elements, an induction core, or through the electrolysis of salts, are also connected directly to the heating. Automation located in an electrical cabinet connected to the network according to the electrical diagram provided is responsible for maintaining temperature and safety. Other connection options are shown in a separate publication on heating boilers.
Wall-mounted mini-boiler rooms equipped with tubular heaters are intended only for closed systems heating. To work with gravity wiring, you will need an electrode or induction unit, which is tied according to the standard scheme:
If you look at it, you don’t need a bypass here - the boiler won’t work without electricity either Systems with two boilers
If it is necessary to organize heating of the coolant in closed scheme from two heat generators, use the principle of parallel connection. Let us explain the algorithm for the joint operation of two boilers - electric and solid fuel (the piping is shown in the figure):
- The main heat source is a TT boiler connected in a standard way through a three-way valve. To prevent flows from looping in the other direction, a check valve is installed on each branch.
- When a stack of firewood burns out, the air in the house begins to cool. The temperature drop is recorded room thermostat and starts the electric boiler with a pump.
- A decrease in the temperature in the supply line of the TT boiler to 50-55 °C causes the overhead thermostat to turn off the circulation pump of the solid fuel circuit.
- After the next loading of firewood, the supply pipe heats up, the temperature sensor starts the pump and the heating priority returns to solid fuel unit. The room thermostat no longer turns on the electric boiler because the air temperature does not drop.
It is also necessary to install a safety group at the output of the electric boiler; it is not shown in the figure. Important point. The above-described piping option can be used for any pair of boilers. When installing a wall heater, a second pump is not installed.
Two heat generators, for example, gas and electric, are easily connected through a heat accumulator. The turning on and stopping of both boilers can be organized in various ways - by the temperature of the water in the tank, by time using a timer. Check valves are not needed here.
If it is necessary to dock 2-3 units of thermal power equipment with several heating circuits, it is better to assemble a diagram of the primary / secondary rings. The principle is as follows: all heat sources and consumers with their pumps are connected to a common ring made of a pipe of increased diameter Ø26...40 mm (depending on the number of branches). Circulation inside the ring is provided by a separate pump.
The order of equipment installation matters: the water heater receives the hottest coolant, followed by the batteries, and finally the TP (along the water flow) In a system with natural coolant movement, two boilers are also combined in parallel. Here it is important to withstand slopes of pipes Ø40...50 mm, and also to avoid sharp turns, using bends at an angle of 45° or bends with a large bend radius.
The water diverges along two parallel branches with boilers. But the unit that is currently turned on will make it move by gravity; the pump starts at the request of the owner Advice. A series connection of 2 units has a right to life, but it is better not to use such a connection. Water heated in the first boiler will pass through the cold heat exchanger of the second and will certainly lose some of the heat.
Conclusion
Describing the options for piping boilers, we listed simple methods available for self-installation. But remember: the chosen scheme still needs to be tied to your specific conditions. Somewhere there is not enough space to place the equipment or the pipes are installed inconveniently; for some, the boiler is located right next to the buffer tank. Therefore, before assembly, we recommend consulting with an experienced plumber or design engineer.