Interesting chemical experiments that can be easily repeated at home. Interesting and exciting safe experiences for children at home
How to interest a child in learning new substances and properties various items and liquids? At home, you can set up an impromptu chemical laboratory and carry out simple chemical experiments for children at home.
The transformations will be original and appropriate in honor of some festive event or in the most ordinary conditions to familiarize the child with the properties different materials. Here are some simple tricks that are easy to do at home.
Chemical experiments using ink
Take a small container of water, preferably one with transparent walls.
Dissolve a drop of ink or ink in it - the water will turn blue.
Add one tablet to the solution activated carbon pre-shredded.
Then shake the container well and you will see that it will gradually become light, without a tint of paint. Coal powder has an absorbent property, and the water returns to its original color.
Trying to create clouds at home
Take a tall jar and pour some into it hot water(about 3 cm). Prepare ice cubes in the freezer and place them on a flat baking sheet that you place on top of the jar.
The hot air in the jar will cool, forming water vapor. The condensate molecules will begin to gather together in the form of a cloud. This transformation demonstrates the origin of clouds in nature when it cools warm air. Why is it raining?
Drops of water on the ground heat up and rise upward. There they cool and meet each other to form clouds. Then the clouds also combine into heavy formations and fall to the ground as precipitation. Watch a video of chemical experiments for children at home.
How your hands feel at different water temperatures
You will need three deep bowls of water - cold, hot and room temperature.
The child must touch with one hand cold water, and the other is hot.
After a couple of minutes, both hands are placed in a vessel with water at room temperature. How does water feel to him? Is there a difference in perception temperature?
Water can be absorbed and stain the plant.
For this beautiful transformation you will need living plant or flower stem.
Place it in a glass of water colored in any bright color (red, blue, yellow).
Gradually you will notice that the plant takes on the same color.
This happens because the stem absorbs water and takes on its color. In the language of chemical phenomena, such a process is usually called osmosis or one-way diffusion.
You can make your own fire extinguisher at home
Necessary actions:
- Let's take a candle.
- It is necessary to light it and place it in the jar so that it stands straight and the flame does not reach its edges.
- Carefully place a teaspoon of baking powder into the jar.
- Then pour a little vinegar into it.
Next we look at the transformation - White powder baking powder will hiss, forming foam, and the candle will go out. This interaction of two substances produces carbon dioxide. It sinks to the bottom of the jar because it is heavy compared to other atmospheric gases.
The fire does not receive oxygen and goes out. This is the principle behind the fire extinguisher. They all contain carbon dioxide who extinguishes the flames of the fire.
What else you should definitely read:
Oranges have the ability to float on water
If you put an orange in a bowl of water, it will not sink. Clean it and dip it in water again - you will see it at the bottom. How did this happen?
The orange peel has air bubbles that keep it floating on the water, almost like an air mattress.
Testing eggs for their ability to float on water
We use jars of water again. Place a couple of tablespoons of salt in one of them and stir until dissolved. Dip an egg into each jar. In salt water it will be on the surface, and in normal water it will sink to the bottom.
Not a single person even slightly familiar with the problems modern education, will not argue about the advantages of the Soviet system. However, it also had certain disadvantages, in particular, in the study of natural science subjects the emphasis was often placed on providing a theoretical component, and practice was relegated to the background. Moreover, any teacher will confirm that The best way To arouse a child’s interest in these subjects is to show some spectacular physical or chemical experiment. This is especially important on initial stage studying such subjects and even long before that. In the second case good help For parents, there can be a special set for chemical experiments, which can be used at home. True, when purchasing such a gift, fathers and mothers must understand that they will also have to take part in classes, since such a “toy” in the hands of a child left unattended poses a certain danger.
What is a chemical experiment
First of all, you need to understand what we are talking about. In general it is generally accepted that chemical experiment is the manipulation of various organic and inorganic substances in order to establish their properties and reactions in different conditions. If we are talking about experiments that are carried out with the aim of arousing in the child a desire to study the world, then they should be spectacular and at the same time simple. In addition, it is not recommended to select options that require security special measures security.
Where to begin
First of all, you can tell your child that everything that surrounds us, including his own body, consists of various substances that interact. As a result, you can observe various phenomena: both those to which people have long been accustomed and do not pay attention to them, and very unusual ones. Here, as an example, we can cite rust, which is a consequence of the oxidation of metals, or smoke from a fire, which is a gas released when various objects burn. Next, you can start showing simple chemical experiments.
"Egg Float"
Very interesting experience can be demonstrated using an egg and an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. To carry it out, you need to take a glass carafe or a wide glass and pour a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid into the bottom. Then you need to lower the egg into it and wait a while.
Soon, bubbles of carbon dioxide will appear on the surface of the eggshell, due to the reaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate contained in the shell, and lift the egg upward. Having reached the surface, the gas bubbles will burst, and the “load” will again go to the bottom of the dish. The process of lifting and diving of the egg will continue until all the eggshells are dissolved in hydrochloric acid.
"Secret Signs"
Interesting chemical experiments can be done with sulfuric acid. For example, using a cotton swab dipped in a 20% sulfuric acid solution, draw figures or letters on paper and wait for the liquid to dry. Then the sheet is ironed with a hot iron and watch as black letters begin to appear. This experience will be even more effective if you hold the piece of paper over a candle flame, but this must be done extremely carefully, trying not to set the paper on fire.
"Fire inscription"
The previous experiment can be done differently. To do this, draw the outline of a figure or letter on a sheet of paper with a pencil and prepare a composition consisting of 20 g of KNO 3 dissolved in 15 ml of hot water. Then use a brush to saturate the paper along the pencil lines so that there are no gaps left. As soon as the audience is ready and the sheet is dry, you need to bring a burning splinter to the inscription at only one point. A spark will immediately appear and “run” along the contour of the drawing until it reaches the end of the line.
Surely young viewers will be interested in why this effect is achieved. Explain that when heated, potassium nitrate turns into another substance, potassium nitrite, and releases oxygen, which supports combustion.
"Fireproof handkerchief"
Children will certainly be interested in the experience with “fireproof” fabric. To demonstrate it, dissolve 10 g of silicate glue in 100 ml of water and moisten a piece of fabric or handkerchief with the resulting liquid. Then it is squeezed out and, using tweezers, immersed in a container with acetone or gasoline. Immediately set fire to the fabric with a splinter and watch how the flame “devours” the scarf, but it remains intact.
"Blue Bouquet"
Simple chemical experiments can be very spectacular. We suggest you surprise the viewer by using paper flowers, the petals of which should be coated with glue made from natural starch. Then you need to place the bouquet in a jar, add a few drops to the bottom alcohol tincture iodine and close the lid tightly. After a few minutes, a “miracle” will happen: the flowers will turn blue, as iodine vapor will cause the starch to change color.
"Christmas decorations"
An original chemical experiment, as a result of which you will have beautiful decorations for a mini-Christmas tree, will be obtained if you use a saturated solution (1:12) of potassium alum KAl(SO 4) 2 with the addition copper sulfate CuSO 4 (1:5).
First you need to make a figurine frame out of wire, wrap it with white woolen threads and dip them into the pre-prepared mixture. In a week or two, crystals will grow on the workpiece, which should be coated with varnish so that they do not crumble.
"Volcanoes"
A very effective chemical experiment can be achieved if you take a plate, plasticine, baking soda, table vinegar, red dye and dishwashing liquid. Next you need to do the following:
- divide a piece of plasticine into two parts;
- roll one into a flat pancake, and from the second mold a hollow cone, at the top of which you need to leave a hole;
- place the cone on a plasticine base and connect it so that the “volcano” does not allow water to pass through;
- place the structure on a tray;
- pour “lava” consisting of 1 tbsp. l. baking soda and a few drops of liquid food coloring;
- When the audience is ready, pour vinegar into the “mouth” and watch the violent reaction, during which carbon dioxide is released and red foam flows out of the volcano.
As you can see, home chemical experiments can be very diverse, and all of them will interest not only children, but also adults.
Chemical experiment of bromine with aluminum
If you place a few milliliters of bromine in a test tube made of heat-resistant glass and carefully lower a piece into it aluminum foil, then after some time (necessary for bromine to penetrate the oxide film) a violent reaction will begin. From the heat generated, aluminum melts and, in the form of a small fiery ball, rolls on the surface of bromine (the density of liquid aluminum is less than the density of bromine), quickly decreasing in size. The test tube is filled with bromine vapor and white smoke consisting of tiny crystals of aluminum bromide:
2Al+3Br 2 → 2AlBr 3.
It is also interesting to observe the reaction of aluminum with iodine. Mix a small amount of powdered iodine with aluminum powder in a porcelain cup. The reaction is not noticeable yet: in the absence of water it proceeds extremely slowly. Using a long pipette, drop a few drops of water onto the mixture, acting as an initiator, and the reaction will proceed vigorously - with the formation of a flame and the release of violet iodine vapor.
Chemical experiments with gunpowder: how gunpowder explodes!
Gunpowder Smoky, or black, gunpowder is a mixture of potassium nitrate (potassium nitrate - KNO 3), sulfur (S) and coal (C). It ignites at a temperature of about 300 °C. Gunpowder can also explode on impact. It contains an oxidizing agent (saltpeter) and a reducing agent (coal). Sulfur is also a reducing agent, but its main function is to bind potassium to strong connection. When gunpowder burns, the following reaction occurs:
2KNO 3 +ЗС+S→ K 2 S+N 2 +3СО 2,
- as a result of which it is released large volume gaseous substances. The use of gunpowder in warfare is connected with this: the gases formed during the explosion and expanding from the heat of the reaction push the bullet out of the gun barrel. It is easy to verify the formation of potassium sulfide by sniffing the barrel of a gun. It smells like hydrogen sulfide, a product of the hydrolysis of potassium sulfide.
Chemical experiments with saltpeter: fire inscription
Spectacular chemical experiment can be done with potassium nitrate. Let me remind you that nitrate is a complex substance - salts of nitric acid. In this case, we need potassium nitrate. Her chemical formula KNO3. On a piece of paper, draw an outline or a picture (for greater effect, let the lines not intersect!). Prepare a concentrated solution of potassium nitrate. For information: 20 g of KNO 3 dissolves in 15 ml of hot water. Then, using a brush, we saturate the paper along the drawn contour, leaving no gaps or gaps. let the paper dry. Now you need to touch the burning splinter to some point on the contour. A “spark” will immediately appear, which will slowly move along the contour of the pattern until it completely closes it. Here's what happens: Potassium nitrate breaks down according to the equation:
2KNO 3 → 2 KNO 2 +O 2 .
Here KNO 2 +O 2 is a salt of nitrous acid. The oxygen released causes the paper to char and burn. For greater effect, the experiment can be carried out in a dark room.
Chemical experience of dissolving glass in hydrofluoric acid
Glass dissolves in hydrofluoric acid
Indeed, glass dissolves easily. Glass is a very viscous liquid. You can verify that glass can dissolve by performing the following chemical reaction. Hydrofluoric acid is an acid formed by dissolving hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. It is also called hydrofluoric acid. For greater clarity, let’s take a thin speckle onto which we attach a weight. Place the glass and weight into a solution of hydrofluoric acid. When the glass dissolves in the acid, the weight will fall to the bottom of the flask.
Chemical experiments with smoke release
Chemical reactions with emission of smoke
(ammonium chloride)
Let's conduct a beautiful experiment to produce thick white smoke. To do this, we need to prepare a mixture of potash (potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3) with ammonia solution ( ammonia). Mix the reagents: potash and ammonia. Add a solution of hydrochloric acid to the resulting mixture. The reaction will begin at the moment when the flask with hydrochloric acid is brought close to the flask containing ammonia. Gently pour hydrochloric acid to an ammonia solution and observe the formation of thick white ammonium chloride vapor, the chemical formula of which is NH 4 Cl. The chemical reaction between ammonia and hydrochloric acid proceeds as follows:
HCl+NH 3 → NH 4 Cl
Chemical experiments: glow of solutions
Solution glow reaction As noted above, the glow of solutions is a sign of a chemical reaction. Let's conduct another spectacular experiment in which our solution will glow. For the reaction we need a solution of luminol, a solution of hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 and crystals of red blood salt K 3 . Luminol- complex organic matter, the formula of which is C 8 H 7 N 3 O 2. Luminol is highly soluble in some organic solvents, but is insoluble in water. Luminescence occurs when luminol reacts with certain oxidizing agents in an alkaline medium.
So, let's begin: add a solution of hydrogen peroxide to luminol, then add a handful of red blood salt crystals to the resulting solution. For greater effect, try conducting the experiment in a dark room! As soon as the blood red salt crystals touch the solution, a cold blue glow will immediately be noticeable, which indicates the progress of the reaction. The glow that occurs during a chemical reaction is called chemiluminescence
Another chemical experiment with luminous solutions:
For it we need: hydroquinone (previously used in photographic equipment), potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 (also known as “potash”), a pharmaceutical solution of formaldehyde (formaldehyde) and hydrogen peroxide. Dissolve 1 g of hydroquinone and 5 g of potassium carbonate K 2 CO 3 in 40 ml of pharmaceutical formalin (an aqueous solution of formaldehyde). Pour this reaction mixture into a large flask or bottle of at least a liter capacity. In a small vessel, prepare 15 ml of concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. You can use hydroperite tablets - a combination of hydrogen peroxide and urea (urea will not interfere with the experiment). For greater effect, go to dark room Once your eyes have adjusted to the dark, pour the hydrogen peroxide solution into a large container of hydroquinone. The mixture will begin to foam (that's why you need to take a large container) and a distinct orange glow will appear!
Chemical reactions in which glow appears occur not only during oxidation. Sometimes the glow occurs during crystallization. The easiest way to observe it is with table salt. Dissolve table salt in water, and take enough salt so that undissolved crystals remain at the bottom of the glass. Pour the resulting saturated solution into another glass and add concentrated hydrochloric acid drop by drop to this solution. The salt will begin to crystallize, and sparks will slip through the solution. It is most beautiful if the experiment is performed in the dark!
Chemical experiments with chromium and its compounds
Multi-colored chrome!... The color of chromium salts can easily change from purple to green and vice versa. Let's carry out the reaction: dissolve several purple crystals of chromium chloride CrCl 3 6H 2 O in water. When boiled, the purple solution of this salt turns green. When the green solution is evaporated, a green powder of the same composition as the original salt is formed. And if you saturate a green solution of chromium chloride cooled to 0 °C with hydrogen chloride (HCl), its color will again turn purple. How to explain the observed phenomenon? This is a rare example of isomerism in inorganic chemistry - the existence of substances that have the same composition, but different structure and properties. In the purple salt, the chromium atom is bonded to six water molecules, and the chlorine atoms are counterions: Cl 3 , and in green chromium chloride they change places: Cl 2H 2 O. In an acidic environment, bichromates are strong oxidizing agents. The products of their reduction are Cr3+ ions:
K 2 Cr 2 O 7 +4H 2 SO 4 +3K 2 SO 3 → Cr 2 (SO 4) 3 +4K 2 SO 4 +4H 2 O.
Potassium chromate (yellow) bichromate - (red)
At a low temperature, it is possible to isolate purple crystals of potassium chromium alum KCr(SO 4) 2 12H 2 O from the resulting solution. The dark red solution obtained by adding concentrated sulfuric acid to a saturated aqueous solution of potassium dichromate is called “chrompic”. In laboratories it is used for washing and degreasing chemical glassware. The dishes are carefully rinsed with chromium, which is not poured into the sink, but is used repeatedly. In the end, the mixture turns green - all the chromium in such a solution has already passed into the Cr 3+ form. A particularly strong oxidizing agent is chromium (VI) oxide CrO 3 . With its help, you can light an alcohol lamp without matches: just touch the wick moistened with alcohol with a stick containing several crystals of this substance. When CrO 3 decomposes, dark brown chromium (IV) oxide powder CrO 2 can be obtained. It has ferromagnetic properties and is used in magnetic tapes some types of audio cassettes. The adult human body contains only about 6 mg of chromium. Many compounds of this element (especially chromates and dichromates) are toxic, and some of them are carcinogenic, i.e. capable of causing cancer.
Chemical experiments: reducing properties of iron
Ferric chloride III
This type chemical reaction refers to redox reactions. To carry out the reaction, we need dilute (5%) aqueous solutions of iron(III) chloride FeCl 3 and the same solution of potassium iodide KI. So, a solution of iron(III) chloride is poured into one flask. Then add a few drops of potassium iodide solution to it. We observe a change in the color of the solution. The liquid will turn red-brown in color. The following chemical reactions will occur in the solution:
2FeCl 3 + 2KI→ 2FeCl 2 + 2KCl + I 2
KI + I 2 → K
Ferric chloride II Another chemical experiment with iron compounds. For it we will need diluted (10–15%) aqueous solutions of iron(II) sulfate FeSO 4 and ammonium thiocyanate NH 4 NCS, bromine water Br 2. Let's begin. Pour a solution of iron(II) sulfate into one flask. Add 3-5 drops of ammonium thiocyanate solution there. We notice that there are no signs of chemical reactions. Of course, iron(II) cations do not form colored complexes with thiocyanate ions. Now add bromine water to this flask. But now the iron ions “gave themselves away” and colored the solution blood red. This is how the (III)-valent iron ion reacts to thiocyanate ions. Here's what happened in the flask:
Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+ + n NCS– (n–3) – + n H 2 O
Chemical experiment on dehydrating sugar with sulfuric acid
Sugar dehydration sulfuric acid
Concentrated sulfuric acid dehydrates sugar. Sugar is a complex organic substance whose formula is C 12 H 22 O 11. Here's how it goes. Powdered sugar is placed in a tall glass glass and slightly moistened with water. Then a little concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the wet sugar. Stir carefully and quickly with a glass rod. The stick is left in the middle of the glass with the mixture. After 1 - 2 minutes, the sugar begins to turn black, swell and rise in the form of a voluminous, loose black mass, taking the glass rod with it. The mixture in the glass becomes very hot and smokes a little. In this chemical reaction, sulfuric acid not only removes water from sugar, but also partially converts it into coal.
C 12 H 22 O 11 +2H 2 SO 4 (conc.) → 11C+CO 2 +13H 2 O+2SO 2
The water released during such a chemical reaction is mainly absorbed by sulfuric acid (sulfuric acid “greedily” absorbs water) with the formation of hydrates, hence the strong release of heat. And carbon dioxide CO 2, which is obtained from the oxidation of sugar, and sulfur dioxide SO 2 raise the charred mixture upward.
Chemical experiment with the disappearance of an aluminum spoon
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Mercury nitrate solution Let's carry out another funny chemical reaction: for this we need an aluminum spoon and mercury nitrate (Hg(NO 3) 2). So, let's take a spoon, clean it with fine grain sandpaper, then degrease with acetone. Dip a spoon into the mercuric nitrate (Hg(NO3)2) solution for a few seconds. (remember that mercury compounds are poisonous!). As soon as the surface of the aluminum spoon in the mercury solution becomes gray, the spoon must be removed and washed boiled water dry (by blotting but not wiping). After a few seconds, the metal spoon will turn into white fluffy flakes, and soon all that will remain is a grayish pile of ash. Here's what happened:
Al + 3 Hg(NO 3) 2 → 3 Hg + 2 Al(NO 3) 3.
In the solution, at the beginning of the reaction, a thin layer of aluminum amalgam (an alloy of aluminum and mercury) appears on the surface of the spoon. The amalgam then turns into white fluffy flakes of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The metal consumed in the reaction is replenished with new portions of aluminum dissolved in mercury. And finally, instead of a shiny spoon, white Al(OH) 3 powder and tiny droplets of mercury remain on the paper. If, after a solution of mercuric nitrate (Hg(NO 3) 2), an aluminum spoon is immediately immersed in distilled water, then gas bubbles and scales will appear on its surface white(hydrogen and aluminum hydroxide will be released).
Parents of little fidgets can surprise them with experiments that can be carried out at home. Light, but at the same time surprising and delightful, they can not only diversify a child’s leisure time, but also allow them to look at familiar things with completely different eyes. And discover their properties, functions, purpose.
Young naturalists
Experiments at home, great for children under 10, are the best way to help your child save practical experience, which will be useful to him in the future.
Safety precautions when conducting experiments
To ensure that educational experiments are not overshadowed by troubles and injuries, it is enough to remember a few simple but important rules.
Safety comes first - Before you start working with chemicals, the work surface must be protected by covering it with film or paper. This will save parents from unnecessary cleaning and allow them to save appearance and functionality of furniture.
- During work, you do not need to get too close to the reagents, bending over them. Especially if your plans include chemical experiments for young children that involve unsafe substances. The measure will protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes from irritation and burns.
- If possible, you should use protective equipment: gloves, glasses. They must be suitable in size for the child and not interfere with him during the experiment.
Simple experiments for little ones
Developmental experiences and experiments for very young children (or for children under 10 years old) are usually simple and do not require parents to have any special skills or rare or expensive equipment. But the joy of discovery and miracle, which is so easy to do with your own hands, will remain with him for a long time.
For example, children will be indescribably delighted by a real seven-color rainbow, which they can create themselves with the help of an ordinary mirror, a container of water and a sheet of white paper.
Rainbow in a Bottle Experience To begin with, place a mirror at the bottom of a small basin or bathtub. Then, it is filled with water; and the light of the lantern is directed onto the mirror. After the light is reflected and passes through the water, it is decomposed into its component colors, becoming the same rainbow that can be seen on a sheet of white paper.
Another very simple and beautiful experiment can be carried out using ordinary water, wire and salt.
To begin the experiment, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution. Calculating the required concentration of a substance is quite simple: when required quantity salt in water, it stops dissolving when the next portion is added. It is very good to use warm distilled water for this purpose. To make the experiment more successful, the finished solution can also be poured into another container - this will remove dirt and make it cleaner.
Experience "Salt on a Wire" When everything is ready, a small piece of copper wire with a loop at the end is lowered into the solution. The container itself is removed to a warm place and left there for a certain time. As the solution begins to cool, the solubility of the salt will decrease and it will begin to settle on the wire in the form of beautiful crystals. You will be able to notice the first results within a few days. By the way, you can use not only ordinary, straight wire in the experiment: by twisting fancy figures from it, you can grow crystals of your own. different sizes and shapes. By the way, this experiment will give the child great idea New Year's toys in the form of real ice snowflakes - you just need to find a flexible wire and form a beautiful symmetrical snowflake out of it.
Invisible ink can also make a lasting impression on a child. It’s very simple to prepare them: just take a cup of water, matches, cotton wool, half a lemon. And a sheet on which you can write text.
Invisible ink you can buy ready-made First you need to mix in a cup equal amount lemon juice and water. Then, a little cotton wool is wrapped around a toothpick or a thin match. The resulting “pencil” is dipped into the mixture in the resulting liquid; Then they can write any text on a piece of paper.
Even though the words on paper will be completely invisible at first, it will be very easy to manifest them. To do this, a sheet of already dried ink needs to be brought to the lamp. The written words will immediately appear on a heated sheet of paper.
Which child doesn't love balloons?
It turns out that even inflating an ordinary balloon can be very in an original way. To do this, you need to dissolve one spoon in a bottle of water. baking soda. And in another cup, mix the juice of one lemon and three tablespoons of vinegar. Afterwards, the contents of the cup are introduced into the bottle (for convenience, you can use a small funnel). The ball needs to be put on the neck of the bottle as quickly as possible until chemical reaction won't end. During this time, carbon dioxide will be able to quickly inflate the balloon under pressure. To prevent the ball from jumping off the neck of the bottle, it can be secured with electrical tape or tape.
"Inflate the balloon" experiment Colored milk looks very interesting and unusual, the colors of which will move, intricately mixing with each other. For this experiment, you need to pour some whole milk into a plate and add a few drops of food coloring to it. Selected areas liquids will be colored different colors, but the spots will remain motionless. How to set them in motion? Very simple. It is enough to take a small cotton swab and, after dipping it in detergent, bring it to the surface of the colored milk. By reacting with the milk fat molecules, the detergent molecules will cause it to move.
Experience “Drawings on milk” Important! Skim milk is not suitable for this experiment. Only whole ones can be used!
Surely all children have had the opportunity to observe funny air bubbles in mineral or sweet water at home and on the street. But are they strong enough to lift a grain of corn or raisin to the surface? It turns out yes! To check this, just pour any sparkling water into a bottle, and then throw some corn or raisins into it. The child will see for himself how easily, under the influence of air bubbles, both corn and raisins will begin to rise up, and then, having reached the surface of the liquid, fall down again.
Experiments for older children
Older children (from 10 years old) can be offered more complex chemical experiments that require more components. These experiments are a little more difficult for older children, but children can already take part in them.
To comply with safety precautions, children under 10 years of age should conduct experiments under the strict supervision of adults, mainly as a spectator. Children over 10 years old can take a more active part in the experiments.
An example of such an experiment would be the creation lava lamp. Surely many children dream of such a miracle. But it’s much more pleasant to make it yourself, using simple components that are probably found in every home.
Lava Lamp Experience The basis of the lava lamp will be a small jar or an ordinary glass. In addition, for the experience you will need vegetable oil, water, salt and a little food coloring.
The jar or other container used as the base of the lamp is filled two-thirds with water and one-third with oil. Since oil is much lighter in weight than water, it will remain on its surface without mixing with it. Then, a little food coloring is added to the jar - this will give the lava lamp color and make the experiment more beautiful and spectacular. And after that, add a teaspoon of salt to the resulting mixture. For what? Salt causes the oil to sink to the bottom in the form of bubbles, and then, dissolving, pushes them up.
The following chemical experiment will help make a school subject like geography exciting and interesting.
Making a volcano with your own hands After all, studying volcanoes is much more interesting when there is not just a dry book text nearby, but a whole model! Especially if you can easily do it at home with your own hands, using available means at hand: sand, food coloring, soda, vinegar and a bottle are perfect.
To begin with, a bottle is placed on a tray - it will become the basis of the future volcano. Around it you need to mold a small cone of sand, clay or plasticine - this way the mountain will take on a more complete and believable appearance. Now you need to cause a volcanic eruption: pour a little into the bottle warm water, then a little baking soda and food coloring (red or orange color). The finishing touch will be a quarter glass of vinegar. Having reacted with soda, the vinegar will begin to actively push the contents of the bottle out. This explains interesting effect eruptions, which can be observed with a child.
A volcano can be made from toothpaste Can paper burn without being burned?
It turns out yes. And an experiment with fireproof money will easily prove this. To do this, a ten-ruble banknote is immersed in a 50% alcohol solution (water is mixed with alcohol in a 1 to 1 ratio, a pinch of salt is added to it). After the bill is properly soaked, excess liquid is removed from it, and the bill itself is set on fire. Once it flares up, it will begin to burn, but will not burn out at all. This experience is quite simple to explain. The temperature at which alcohol burns is not high enough to evaporate the water. Thanks to this, even after the substance burns out completely, the money will remain slightly damp, but absolutely intact.
Experiments with ice are always a success Young nature lovers can be encouraged to germinate seeds at home without using soil. How it's done?
IN eggshells put a little cotton wool; it is actively moistened with water, and then some seeds (for example, alfalfa) are placed in it. In just a few days you will be able to notice the first shoots. Thus, soil is not always needed for seed germination - only water is enough.
And the next experiment, which is easy to do at home for children, will certainly appeal to girls. After all, who doesn’t like flowers?
A painted flower can be given to your mother Especially the most unusual, bright colors! Thanks to simple experience right in front of the amazed children, simple and familiar flowers can turn into the most unexpected color. Moreover, this is extremely simple to do: just put the cut flower in water with food coloring added to it. Climbing up the stem to the petals, chemical dyes will color them in the colors you want. To better absorb water, it is better to make a cut diagonally - this way it will have the maximum area. In order for the color to appear brighter, it is advisable to use light or white flowers. An even more interesting and fantastic effect will be obtained if, before starting the experiment, the stem is split into several parts and each of them is immersed in its own glass of colored water.
The petals will turn into all colors at once in the most unexpected and bizarre way. That we will undoubtedly make a lasting impression on the child!
Experience "Colored foam" Everyone knows that under the influence of gravity, water can only flow downwards. But is it possible to make it rise up the napkin? To conduct this experiment, an ordinary glass is filled about a third with water. The napkin is folded several times to form a narrow rectangle. After this, the napkin unfolds again; Having stepped back a little from the bottom edge, you need to draw a line of colored dots on it, enough large diameter. The napkin is immersed in water so that about one and a half centimeters of its colored part is in it. Having come into contact with the napkin, the water will begin to gradually rise upward, coloring it with multi-colored stripes. This unusual effect occurs due to the fact that, having a porous structure, the fibers of the napkin easily allow water to pass upward.
Experiment with water and napkin To carry out the following experiment, you will need a small blotter, cookie cutters of different shapes, some gelatin, a transparent bag, a glass and water.
Gelatin water does not mix Gelatin dissolves in a quarter glass of water; it should swell and increase in volume. Then, the substance is dissolved in a water bath and brought to approximately 50 degrees. the resulting liquid is needed thin layer distribute into a plastic bag. Using gelatin cookie cutters, cut out figures various shapes. After this, you need to lay them on a blotter or napkin, and then breathe on them. Warm breath will cause the gelatin to increase in volume, causing the figures to begin to bend on one side.
Experiments conducted at home with children are very easy to diversify.
Gelatin figures from molds In winter, you can try to slightly modify the experiment by taking the gelatin figures out onto the balcony or leaving them in freezer. When the gelatin hardens under the influence of cold, patterns of ice crystals will clearly appear on it.
Conclusion
Description of other experiments Delight and a sea of positive emotions are what experimenting with adults will bring to curious children. And parents will allow themselves to share the joy of their first discoveries with young researchers. After all, no matter how old a person is, the opportunity to return to childhood at least for a short time is truly priceless.
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We have a lot of things stored in our kitchen that we can use most interesting experiments for children. Well, for myself, to be honest, make a couple of discoveries from the “how did I not notice this before” category.
website I chose 9 experiments that will delight children and raise many new questions in them.
1. Lava lamp
Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, some food coloring, a large transparent glass or glass jar.
Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.
Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make the experience more visual and spectacular.
2. Personal rainbow
Needed: A container filled with water (bathtub, basin), a flashlight, a mirror, a sheet of white paper.
Experience: Pour water into a container and place a mirror on the bottom. We direct the light of the flashlight onto the mirror. The reflected light must be caught on the paper on which a rainbow should appear.
Explanation: A ray of light consists of several colors; when it passes through the water, it breaks down into its component parts - in the form of a rainbow.
3. Vulcan
Needed: Tray, sand, plastic bottle, food coloring, soda, vinegar.
Experience: A small volcano should be molded around a small plastic bottle from clay or sand - for the surroundings. To cause an eruption, you should pour two tablespoons of soda into the bottle, pour in a quarter cup of warm water, add a little food coloring, and finally pour in a quarter cup of vinegar.
Explanation: When baking soda and vinegar come into contact, a violent reaction begins, releasing water, salt and carbon dioxide. Gas bubbles push the contents out.
4. Growing crystals
Needed: Salt, water, wire.
Experience: To obtain crystals, you need to prepare a supersaturated salt solution - one in which the salt does not dissolve when adding a new portion. In this case, you need to keep the solution warm. To make the process go better, it is desirable that the water be distilled. When the solution is ready, it must be poured into a new container to get rid of the debris that is always in the salt. Next, you can lower a wire with a small loop at the end into the solution. Place the jar in a warm place so that the liquid cools more slowly. In a few days, beautiful salt crystals will grow on the wire. If you get the hang of it, you can grow fairly large crystals or patterned crafts on twisted wire.
Explanation: As the water cools, the solubility of the salt decreases, and it begins to precipitate and settle on the walls of the vessel and on your wire.
5. Dancing coin
Needed: Bottle, coin to cover the neck of the bottle, water.
Experience: The empty, unclosed bottle should be placed in the freezer for a few minutes. Moisten a coin with water and cover the bottle removed from the freezer with it. After a few seconds, the coin will begin to jump and, hitting the neck of the bottle, make sounds similar to clicks.
Explanation: The coin is lifted by air, which compressed in the freezer and occupied a smaller volume, but has now heated up and begun to expand.
6. Colored milk
Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.
Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of coloring. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.
Explanation: Detergent reacts with fat molecules in milk and sets them in motion. This is why skim milk is not suitable for the experiment.
7. Fireproof bill
Needed: Ten-ruble bill, tongs, matches or lighter, salt, 50% alcohol solution (1/2 part alcohol to 1/2 part water).
Experience: Add a pinch of salt to the alcohol solution, immerse the bill in the solution until it is completely saturated. Remove the bill from the solution with tongs and let it drain excess liquid. Set the bill on fire and watch it burn without getting burned.
Explanation: The combustion of ethyl alcohol produces water, carbon dioxide and heat (energy). When you set fire to a bill, the alcohol burns. The temperature at which it burns is not sufficient to evaporate the water with which it is soaked. paper bill. As a result, all the alcohol burns out, the flame goes out, and the slightly damp ten remains intact.
9. Camera obscura
You will need:
A camera that supports long shutter speeds (up to 30 s);
Large sheet of thick cardboard;
Masking tape (for gluing cardboard);
A room with a view of anything;
Sunny day.
1. Cover the window with cardboard so that light does not come from the street.
2. We make a smooth hole in the center (for a room 3 meters deep, the hole should be about 7-8 mm).
3. When your eyes get used to the darkness, you will see an inverted street on the walls of the room! The most visible effect will be achieved on a bright sunny day.
4. Now the result can be shot with a camera on long exposure. A shutter speed of 10-30 seconds is fine.