Do-it-yourself small brick fireplace. How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands? Let's start from the foundation

Making a fireplace out of brick is quite difficult. To create a high-quality and productive structure, you will first need a well-designed order or project. They play no less role design features equipment and materials used for assembly.

A fireplace with your own hands can be placed in a private country cottage, and in country house. First of all, this heating variation is suitable for those rooms in which there is no other source of receiving and generating thermal energy. Such a stove can be installed in a house made of brick or wood. It is also possible to install in a building made of logs or gas silicate block. A properly designed fireplace design allows you to efficiently heat not only a small area, but also a fairly large one and even two-storey house. The efficiency of such a design can reach about 80-90 percent. This is considered a high and good indicator.

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

A fireplace, the masonry of which is carried out according to a pre-selected order on the Internet or drawn up by a professional stove maker, can have not only a certain placement method, but also a size. The choice of this parameter depends on certain parameters and features:

The size of the room chosen for installation of the heating unit plays a big role;
Pay attention to the way the fireplace is located in the living room interior;
Pay attention to the choice of equipment type;
Take into account what material the frame of the house, foundation, walls, floor, ceilings are made of;
What matters is what functionality the stove has.

Before you build a stove with your own hands, remember that the order should correctly reflect not only the amount of materials, but also key features heating device, but no less important details. For example, the overall dimensions of the firebox should be based on the proportion of 1/90 in relation to total area the selected room.

It is necessary to select the height and width of the combustion opening using the proportion 1.5/1. Also, the fireplace diagram is not complete without identifying the depth, which will be less than the width parameter on average by half. The chimney must also have a correctly selected cross-section. It can be determined by reducing the area of the combustion hole by 14-21 times.

For example, if the area of the room is 30 square meters, the following values will be suitable for such a unit:

The combustion hole will have a size of 0.30 square meters;
The firebox will have a width of 45 centimeters;
With a height of 65 centimeters;
Depth 25 centimeters;
The round cross-section of the chimney will be equal to 0.030 square meters or 300 square centimeters.

Choosing a location method

The arrangement of the fireplace plays a key role in the assembly and successful operation of the heating device. However, what is equally important is what type of location the stove will have in the interior.

Main placement methods:

Wall-mounted fireplaces are massive. To assemble such a structure you will need enough a large number of materials and cladding. This option is convenient to place, has a good viewing angle, and several people can sit near it at once. The advantages also include high efficiency and good, productive operation. The portal is symmetrical; the facade part is most often assembled in a U-shaped shape. The fireplace, for which both standard and refractory bricks are used, has a chimney in a wall location, which is covered with bricks up to ceiling;
If the room selected for installation does not have large area, we recommend installing it in corner fireplace. This option with enough good angle The review is small in size. The arrangement of a corner type oven does not require a large amount of brick. In this case, only the facade part will need to be clad, since the role of the sidewalls is played directly by the walls or partitions of the room themselves. At small size, the corner hearth has a fairly high power and is suitable for heating rooms with an area of 15-35 square meters;
The design of an island-type furnace is difficult to construct. To build such a structure will require a lot of time, large investments and experience. An island fireplace is installed in the center of the room and is not adjacent to walls or other ceilings. The portal can be equipped with small walls and a firewood rack. To remove smoke and combustion products from the room, the stove is complemented by a hanging exhaust system or in other words – a chimney. The base usually has a classic square or rectangular shape(profile). Structures of round, triangular, multifaceted shapes are more difficult to construct. Particularly popular are designs consisting of several levels. For additional functionality, you can equip the portal with a tabletop or mantelpiece.

The fireplace, the dimensions of which are selected individually, can be installed not only in the house, but also outside, in a gazebo. Such outdoor and garden barbecues and barbecues can be located either completely separately or built into gazebos and verandas. The advantages of such structures include the ability to make them quite large and bulky. This way you can add many different elements to the grill.

Street and garden stoves due to their large dimensions they have a lot of weight and require the construction of a concrete solid foundation. This will prevent the structure from sinking underground or losing its stability over time.

A barbecue or barbecue oven project also requires an individual approach, careful selection of location and functionality. If you are planning to combine outdoor fireplace with a gazebo or veranda, you should not use only brick for construction, as it is very expensive. The materials most often chosen for gazebos are: plastic, metal profiles, wood, fire-resistant plastic. The stove itself, the columns, various partitions, small walls, area near the combustion chamber.

Equipment classification

Before you build a Swedish stove or any other structure, you need to remember that any heating equipment consists of a portal that acts as a protection for the firebox and its decorative design. Most often this element is assembled from brick. Can be lined with any heat-resistant materials. To place logs and burn them, the structure is equipped with a firebox or combustion compartment. To prevent smoke from immediately escaping into the street and creating heat, the stove is supplemented with a smoke collector. To remove smoke and combustion products, wood-burning stoves are equipped with a chimney.

An open firebox design means there is no door. In this case, special attention must be paid to the internal walls of the combustion chamber, making them as thick, durable and airtight as possible. For laying the walls, only fireclay bricks and an adhesive composition based on fireclay clay are used. Also, the fireplace insert can be of a closed type.

A closed firebox is safer to use. It prevents sparks and flames from entering the room. However, an open firebox looks more harmonious and allows you to contemplate the bright flame, enjoy its crackling and warmth to the fullest. In addition, by giving preference to an open design, you save your money. cash, which could have been spent on purchasing a steel or cast iron chamber with a door.

In order to protect the room from fire, the space next to the firebox must be insulated with any fireproof material.

If you want to equip a stone portal with a purchased firebox, the walls of the stove can be assembled from simple brick, because additional protection will be formed due to cast iron sidewalls.

A closed firebox is most often equipped with a door made of transparent tempered glass, which allows you to see the fire burning in the hearth in as much detail as possible. The method of opening such a door can be either the classic side or the top. Many modern fireboxes are equipped with a self-cleaning system - this prevents soot and soot from forming on the glass.

Fireplaces of wall and corner type are equipped steel pipes who are not very presentable appearance. In order to hide and at the same time decorate such a chimney, it is enclosed in a box made of brick. The laying of the chimney is also carried out according to a previously drawn up order. Such a box not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also enhances, further insulates and accumulates accumulated heat.

Most often, stylish steel hoods that are hung directly above the hearth itself are purchased as a set for an island fireplace.

Making calculations

The size of the fireplace directly depends on the size of the room, as well as your personal needs and preferences. The dimensions of the structure are indicated in detail in the diagram. The order of the fireplace indicates how much material is needed for construction. It is important to know how much cladding, standard and refractory bricks you will need and purchase all materials with a small margin.

It is equally important to know how much masonry mortar you will need. It is important to take into account not only the main masonry, but also the construction of an additional foundation. Mostly cement marked M 200 is used as masonry mortar. To obtain the required mass, it is necessary to mix cement and sand together based on a 1/3 ratio. Next, gradually add water until a thick, homogeneous composition is formed, without lumps or dirt. To lay one cubic meter brick, on average you will need 0.2-0.3 cubic meters of composition.

You can calculate the dimensions of the fireplace in more detail using your own order. In order to find out how many bricks are needed, you need to multiply the volume of one unit by total bricks in the scheme.

A professional and well-designed project has not only a frontal, but also a horizontal projection. This allows you to make all the calculations as simply and thoroughly as possible, to see the shape and outline of the fireplace on both sides. If the design of the stove is more complex, you can separately calculate and draw the arch, shelf and others structural elements. This will allow you to determine the location and location of the smoke collector, ash pan, chimney, and identify the angle of inclination of the walls and niches.

In our online store you can buy a ready-made firebox for corner, island or wall portals, domestic and foreign brands.

Execution of work

After you have chosen a place for the fireplace, calculated the amount of materials, designed and made a detailed order, you will need to purchase following materials and tool:

A reservoir in which the adhesive base will be mixed. It should be large enough, at least 40 liters. For better mixing, it is best to get an electric mixer;
In order to sift sand, you will need to buy a special sieve;
Laying is carried out using a trowel;
To check the evenness of the corners you need building level;
Get a tape measure, a square and a ruler;
Marks are made using a simple pencil or construction marker.

Additionally, you may need such items as: a hammer, rags, a knife, sandpaper and others.

Before you start work, prepare the room, cover all the furniture and interior items that are in it. To make it easier to connect the tool, take an extension cord.

Installation brick fireplace with your own hands is carried out according to the following stages:

Any massive structure begins to be erected only after the foundation is built. It can have either a strip or a concrete, block or brick base. If you are going to pour mortar into a pit, formwork is required. In this case, the construction of the furnace occurs only after the foundation is completely dry;
Next, we begin laying the rows. Each row is pre-laid dry, the evenness and thickness of the seams between the bricks is checked. Periodically, to strengthen the structure, the rows are ligated. All adjustments are made before the adhesion composition dries;
After the firebox and fireplace portal are erected, we proceed to laying the chimney. the hood is fixed to a horizontal partition. We provide surface insulation. If the pipe is metal, it is best to enclose it in a brick box;
On last stage facing work is being carried out, the damper, shelf, grille, and countertop are being installed.

Kuznetsov furnace or any other heating device cannot be melted immediately after construction. It is necessary to allow it to shrink and dry well for 10-15 days. After which the furnace gradually begins to operate. Firewood is placed in the firebox exactly halfway, gradually increasing.

From this video you can learn how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands at home or in the country:

The fireplace today is more of a design element in the interior. However, a correctly built fireplace will help to warm the room equally effectively and create a warm cozy atmosphere involving live fire. In this article, we will consider in detail the process of creating a brick fireplace with your own hands, with all the nuances and useful tips.

Features of fireplace heating

Fireplace in modern house cannot act as the main source of heat, but does an excellent job of drying the room, and also provides additional ventilation, and all year round. It can be used as a heating device for one- or two-room country houses.

The main part of the heat from the fireplace enters the room with infrared radiation from open fire, as well as by convective method from the walls of the firebox. The dimensions of the fireplace are selected not only based on aesthetic considerations, but also on the size of the room in which it is installed and must effectively heat.

The ratio of the firebox opening area to the area of the room is 1:70; 1:80. If the volume of the room is less than 60 m 3, then the area of the firebox opening is taken to be less than 0.3 m 2, with a volume of 60 to 100 m 3 - less than 0.5 m 2.

To increase the flow of heat into the room, attention is paid to the quality of finishing of the internal surfaces of the firebox. Sometimes its walls are lined with steel or bronze sheets. The traction that provides good combustion fuel, also depends on the ratio of the dimensions of the firebox. Optimal ratio:

1(depth):0.6(height);
1(height):0.7(width);
2(width):1(depth) or 3(width):2(depth).

Choosing a location for the fireplace in the room

When choosing a position for placing a fireplace, you should first of all follow the rules fire safety, as well as predict the air flows that will arise during its operation. If you make a mistake, the first problem will be the occurrence of reverse draft, when, due to drafts, smoke will not flow into the chimney, but rather into the house.

Fireplaces should not be placed in rooms without opening windows (transoms, vents), where the ceiling height is less than 2.2 m. When choosing the location of the fireplace, it is important to take into account the location of the elements truss structure roofs, as well as an option beam floor— the chimney pipe must rise freely without touching the main structural elements. There must be a gap between the walls of the chimney and the supporting structures for the installation of a fire protection belt made of non-combustible materials and insulation.

The foundation for the fireplace is monolithic concrete

For a fireplace, as well as for a classic one wood stove, you will need a strong and reliable foundation. The foundation under the fireplace must be buried to the same level as the foundation of the house, and also have a thermal decoupling with it.

It is not difficult to make the concrete mixture for the foundation yourself. You can use the following composition of ingredients by volume to obtain concrete M200 (B15):

cement M400 - 1 part;
gravel or crushed stone up to 30 mm in size - 4 parts;
sand - 2 parts.

cement M400 - 300 kg;
sand - 495 kg;
crushed stone - 1035 kg;
water - 185 l.

The volumetric weight for this composition is accepted:

concrete mixture— 2350 kg/m3;
cement - 1200 kg/m 3;
sand 1800 kg/m 3;
gravel - 1400 kg/m 3.

It is very important to prevent materials from getting into the concrete for the fireplace foundation that could weaken it. These include particles of organic origin, clay and dust particles of clay, mica. In sand, impurities should be less than 10%, in coarse aggregate - less than 2%.

Tools

1. Concrete mixer. 2. Vibrator for concrete. 3. Ironer. 4. Mop-ironer. 5. Container for solution. 6. Trowel. 7. Rectangular ironing board

1. Chisel. 2. Brush. 3. Plumb. 4. Bubble level. 5. Roulette. 6. Trowel. 7. Twine. 8. Rubber hammer. 9. Furnace hammer. 10. Corner

The chimney valve required is 240x130 mm in size.

Sequence of concreting

The depth of the foundation for the fireplace is determined based on the following data:

heated building in winter period or not;
properties of the soil under the foundation;
level groundwater;
the presence of a basement at the site where the foundation is installed;
the depth of the base of the foundation under the walls of the building to which the fireplace is adjacent.

In unheated buildings during periods with negative external temperatures, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace should be at the level of the base of the foundation of the external walls to which the fireplace is adjacent. In heated buildings, the level of the base of the foundation for the fireplace may be higher, but at least 0.50 m below the ground level.

1. Wall foundation. 2. Fireplace foundation. 3. Sand. 4. Fireplace. 5. Wall. 6. Finish floor

It is advisable to lay the foundation for the fireplace together with the foundation for the walls to which it adjoins, so as not to weaken them bearing capacity. The groove between them is filled with compacted sand. A cushion of compacted gravel of at least 15-20 cm is placed under the base of the foundation.

The size of the foundation is taken to be 10 cm larger than the size of the fireplace along the base. Concreting can be carried out without formwork in the case of dense, non-crumbling soils. If formwork is still needed, then the size of the pit is made 0.1-0.15 m larger than the size of the formwork.

To ensure the required strength of concrete, it is better to fill it in one go. The concrete mixture is laid in layers with mandatory compaction to remove remaining air bubbles.

The top edge of the foundation should be located 15 cm below the level of the finished floor in the room. The foundation under the first row of the stove is waterproofed with 2 layers of roofing felt.

The fireplace will require four more concrete blocks to cover the firebox. They should be reinforced with a rod with a diameter of 8-12 mm. For formwork it is better to use moisture-resistant plywood or steel sheets.

The sizes of the blocks are based on the order shown below, with the understanding that they will not protrude beyond the structure, but they can be adjusted to create distinctive shelves along the top of the fireplace.

The length (L) of the beams is determined according to the order and is specified locally. Height (H) corresponds to the height of the brick, width (B) corresponds to the width of the brick. The reinforcement (AIII Ø 12) consists of 3 rods laid from below, taking into account the protective layer. Required for fittings protective layer concrete 20 mm (bottom, ends).

Fireplace

The furnace will require 370 pieces of refractory fireclay bricks GOST 390-96.

The quality of the brick must meet the following requirements:

correct geometric shape;
absence of foreign particles;
required strength;
fire resistance;
clear sound when tapped.

Kiln clay is most often used red without foreign impurities.

Sand for the solution is used, sifted through a sieve with holes of 1-1.5 mm. There shouldn't be any leftovers in it. plant origin, foreign impurities, especially flammable ones.

Only purified drinking water should be used. Process water, sea or directly from a well will significantly reduce the strength of the solution; over time, various salt deposits will appear on the surface of the masonry.

Today industry building materials offers ready-made fire-resistant dry mixtures for furnace work. With your own hands you can prepare a clay-sand solution of the following composition:

Oily clay (sand content 2-4%) - 1 part, sand - 2.5 parts.
Medium clay (sand content 15%) - 1 part, sand - 1.5 parts.
Lean clay (sand content 30%) - 1 part, sand - 1 part.

Sand and water are added in portions to the clay soaked for a day. The mixture is thoroughly mixed. Before starting masonry, add the last portion of water.

Designation section A-A cm - about 26, section B-B- order 27, section B-B— order 28. The thickness of the seams is allowed less than 5 mm. The masonry joints are completely filled with mortar.

If necessary, L-shaped pins are installed for the fireplace grate in the fourth row, and a fireplace grate is installed in the fifth row.

Reinforced concrete beams can be made slightly larger more sizes the main body of the fireplace as a design solution.

A valve is installed in the twenty-eighth row. Traction regulation occurs with its help. During the heating process, the valve must be open, then it is closed, trapping gases in the gas collector and in the space of the mantelpiece.

Pipe

Fluff and otter are necessary for thermal decoupling of the main chimney channel, through which hot gases rise from the combustible materials of the building structure. The cutting size should exceed the thickness of the ceiling by 7 cm.

1. Rows for the main part of the pipe. 2. Fluff. 3. Otter

The solution for the outer part of the pipe is cement-sand. A metal cap is mounted on top of the pipe to protect against precipitation.

You can look at the fire endlessly. It relaxes, burns away our troubles, and fills the room with energy. All this will make a simple fireplace in our home possible.

Making a fireplace out of brick is quite difficult. To create a high-quality and productive structure, you will first need a well-designed order or project. The design features of the equipment and the materials used for assembly play an equally important role.

A fireplace with your own hands can be placed both in a private country cottage and in a country house. First of all, this heating variation is suitable for those rooms in which there is no other source of receiving and generating thermal energy. Such a stove can be installed in a house made of brick or wood. Installation in a building made of logs or gas silicate block is also possible. A properly designed fireplace design allows you to efficiently heat not only a small house, but also a fairly large and even two-story house. The efficiency of such a design can reach about 80-90 percent. This is considered a high and good indicator.

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

The size of the room chosen for installation of the heating unit plays a big role;
Pay attention to the way the fireplace is located in the living room interior;
Pay attention to the choice of equipment type;
Take into account what material the frame of the house, foundation, walls, floor, ceilings are made of;
What matters is what functionality the stove has.

Before you build a stove with your own hands, remember that the order should correctly reflect not only the amount of materials, the key features of the heating device, but also equally important details. For example, the overall dimensions of the firebox should be based on a proportion of 1/90 in relation to the total area of the selected room.

For example, if the room area is 30 square meters, the following values will be suitable for such a unit:

The combustion hole will have a size of 0.30 square meters;
The firebox will have a width of 45 centimeters;
With a height of 65 centimeters;
Depth 25 centimeters;
The round cross-section of the chimney will be equal to 0.030 square meters or 300 square centimeters.

Choosing a location method

Main placement methods:

Wall-mounted fireplaces are massive. To assemble such a structure you will need a fairly large amount of materials and cladding. This option is convenient to place, has a good viewing angle, and several people can sit near it at once. The advantages also include high efficiency and good, productive operation. The portal is symmetrical; the facade part is most often assembled in a U-shaped shape. A fireplace, for which both standard and refractory bricks are used, in a wall location has a chimney that is covered with bricks up to the ceiling;
If the room chosen for installation does not have a large area, we recommend installing a corner fireplace in it. This option, with a fairly good viewing angle, is small in size. The arrangement of a corner type oven does not require a large amount of brick. In this case, only the facade part will need to be clad, since the role of the sidewalls is played directly by the walls or partitions of the room themselves. Despite its small size, the corner hearth has a fairly high power and is suitable for heating rooms with an area of 15-35 square meters;
The design of an island-type furnace is difficult to construct. To build such a structure will require a lot of time, large investments and experience. An island fireplace is installed in the center of the room and is not adjacent to walls or other ceilings. The portal can be equipped with small walls and a firewood rack. To remove smoke and combustion products from the room, the stove is supplemented with a suspended exhaust system or, in other words, a chimney. The base usually has a classic square or rectangular shape (profile). Structures of round, triangular, multifaceted shapes are more difficult to construct. Particularly popular are designs consisting of several levels. For additional functionality, you can equip the portal with a tabletop or mantelpiece.

Due to their large dimensions, outdoor and garden stoves are heavy and require the construction of a solid concrete foundation. This will prevent the structure from sinking underground or losing its stability over time.

A barbecue or barbecue oven project also requires an individual approach, careful selection of location and functionality. If you plan to combine an outdoor fireplace with a gazebo or veranda, you should not use only brick for construction, as it is very expensive. The materials most often chosen for gazebos are: plastic, metal profiles, wood, fire-resistant plastic. The stove itself, columns, various partitions, small walls, and the area near the combustion compartment are assembled from bricks.

Equipment classification

Before you build a Swedish stove or any other structure, you need to remember that any heating equipment consists of a portal, which serves as protection for the firebox and its decoration. Most often this element is assembled from brick. Can be lined with any heat-resistant materials. To place logs and burn them, the structure is equipped with a firebox or combustion compartment. To prevent smoke from immediately escaping into the street and creating heat, the stove is supplemented with a smoke collector. To remove smoke and combustion products, wood-burning stoves are equipped with a chimney.

A closed firebox is safer to use. It prevents sparks and flames from entering the room. However, an open firebox looks more harmonious and allows you to contemplate the bright flame, enjoy its crackling and warmth to the fullest. In addition, by giving preference to an open design, you save your money, which could have been spent on purchasing a steel or cast iron chamber with a door.

In order to protect the room from fire, the space next to the firebox must be insulated with any fireproof material.

If you want to equip a stone portal with a purchased firebox, the walls of the stove can be assembled from simple brick, since additional protection will be provided by cast iron sidewalls.

Wall- and corner-type fireplaces are equipped with steel pipes, which do not have a very presentable appearance. In order to hide and at the same time decorate such a chimney, it is enclosed in a box made of brick. The laying of the chimney is also carried out according to a previously drawn up order. Such a box not only improves the appearance of the structure, but also enhances, further insulates and accumulates accumulated heat.

Most often, stylish steel hoods that are hung directly above the hearth itself are purchased as a set for an island fireplace.

Making calculations

It is equally important to know how much masonry mortar you will need. It is important to take into account not only the main masonry, but also the construction of an additional foundation. Mostly cement marked M 200 is used as masonry mortar. To obtain the required mass, it is necessary to mix cement and sand together based on a 1/3 ratio. Next, gradually add water until a thick, homogeneous composition is formed, without lumps or dirt. In order to lay one cubic meter of brick, on average 0.2-0.3 cubic meters of composition will be required.

You can calculate the dimensions of the fireplace in more detail using your own order. In order to find out how many bricks are needed, you need to multiply the volume of one unit by the total number of bricks in the scheme.

A professional and well-designed project has not only a frontal, but also a horizontal projection. This allows you to make all the calculations as simply and thoroughly as possible, to see the shape and outline of the fireplace on both sides. If the design of the furnace is more complex, you can separately calculate and draw the arch, shelf and other structural elements. This will allow you to determine the location and location of the smoke collector, ash pan, chimney, and identify the angle of inclination of the walls and niches.

In our online store you can buy a ready-made firebox for corner, island or wall portals, domestic and foreign brands.

Execution of work

After you have chosen a location for the fireplace, calculated the amount of materials, designed and made a detailed order, you will need to purchase the following materials and tools:

A reservoir in which the adhesive base will be mixed. It should be large enough, at least 40 liters. For better mixing, it is best to get an electric mixer;
In order to sift sand, you will need to buy a special sieve;
Laying is carried out using a trowel;
To check the evenness of the corners, a building level is required;
Get a tape measure, a square and a ruler;
Marks are made using a simple pencil or construction marker.

Additionally, you may need such items as: a hammer, rags, a knife, sandpaper and others.

Before you start work, prepare the room, cover all the furniture and interior items that are in it. To make it easier to connect the tool, take an extension cord.

Do-it-yourself installation of a brick fireplace is carried out according to the following stages:

Any massive structure begins to be erected only after the foundation is built. It can have either a strip or a concrete, block or brick base. If you are going to pour mortar into a pit, formwork is required. In this case, the construction of the furnace occurs only after the foundation is completely dry;
Next, we begin laying the rows. Each row is pre-laid dry, the evenness and thickness of the seams between the bricks is checked. Periodically, to strengthen the structure, the rows are ligated. All adjustments are made before the adhesion composition dries;
After the firebox and fireplace portal are erected, we proceed to laying the chimney. the hood is fixed to a horizontal partition. We provide surface insulation. If the pipe is metal, it is best to enclose it in a brick box;
At the last stage, facing work is carried out, a damper, shelf, grille, and countertop are installed.

The Kuznetsov stove or any other heating device cannot be heated immediately after construction. It is necessary to allow it to shrink and dry well for 10-15 days. After which the furnace gradually begins to operate. Firewood is placed in the firebox exactly halfway, gradually increasing.

From this video you can learn how to make a brick fireplace with your own hands at home or in the country:

Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. IN Lately, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.

Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:

No smoke.
Heating the room.
Beautiful appearance.

To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.

Location

The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of structure.

The fireplace stove can have the following design options:

Wall-mounted.
Angular.
Built-in.
Ostrovny.

Based on this, the home owner can choose appropriate place for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow fire safety rules; a fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.

Materials

Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:

Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
Crushed stone for making a foundation. The acceptable fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
Cement (M 200 or M 300).
Smoke damper.
Fittings.

Brick and its varieties

Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.

This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.

The brick must have the following properties:

Have the correct shape;
Contain no cracks or gouges.
Have no deformations;

The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.

Material quality requirements

When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
The appearance of the brick should not contain cracks or chips.

Preparation

This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Special attention, of course, is given to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.

You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.

The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.

Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.

The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.

Pouring the foundation

To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:

roulette;
Bulgarian;
welding machine;
hammer + nails;
board;
fittings;
cement (grade M400).

The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.

The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a 4 cm layer of concrete, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which it is poured last layer, the height of which should be about 6 cm.

To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.

After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.

Fireplace masonry

This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.

DIY fireplace

The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base.
For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
To comply temperature regime in a future design, care must be taken to ensure that outer wall the brick fireplace was not in contact with the firebox.
To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.

Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.

The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:

arched,
wedge,
vaulted.

To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.

By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.

Chimney

If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulating material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.

Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.

Finishing work

In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.

Decoration for corner option the fireplace may have tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.

The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.

The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.

If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.

For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.

The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.

To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.

When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.

Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

Classical wood burning fireplace gives the house a unique coziness and charm, but many consider it too expensive, believing that laying a brick fireplace with your own hands is a job for professionals.

In fact, this task is not so difficult; it is enough to find a suitable drawing or ordering diagram, stock up on materials, and your home will have real fireplace with firewood crackling in it.

Any construction works start with a project, and before you start building a fireplace, you need to decide on the size and shape of your fireplace, because not only its appearance, but also your safety depends on them.

What size fireplace is considered ideal? There is no definite answer to this question; you will have to focus on the size of the room, classic proportions and standard size bricks

Determine the dimensions of the firebox. To do this, we measure the area of the room and divide it by 100. For example, for a living room with an area of 30 square meters, a combustion chamber area of 0.3 meters is sufficient.
Finding the depth of the firebox. In relation to its width, the depth should be 1.5-2.5 times less. So, for a selected firebox area of 0.3 meters with a depth to width ratio of 1:2, the depth will be 37.5 cm - one and a half bricks, and the width 75 cm - three bricks.
Find the height of the firebox. It should be 1.5 times greater than the width: for a firebox three bricks wide, we take a height of just over a meter, which corresponds to 14-15 rows of masonry.
We determine another important parameter - the area of the smoke hole. It should have a ratio to the firebox area of 1:10 or 1:15. The chimney itself may be slightly wider, while the height straight section should not be less than 3 meters and more than 5 meters, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve stable traction.

The easiest way is to use ready-made drawings of brick fireplaces - in this case, you will not have to draw the layout yourself and will be able to avoid unpleasant surprises when lighting. From the proposed options, you will have to choose the fireplace that is most suitable in size and shape, after which you can purchase the material and get to work.

Ready-made order schemes

A corner brick fireplace is usually installed in a small living room or bedroom, because it saves space while heating it effectively. The layout of such a fireplace is shown in the figure. The dimensions of the fireplace are 1x1 meter. The outer walls are made of red ceramic bricks (2 hundred pieces), the firebox is made of refractory bricks (1 hundred pieces). In addition, you will need clay and sand, cement, and concrete for the foundation.
Step-by-step diagram for arranging a brick fireplace - photo
The most simple circuit a brick fireplace for beginner stove-makers is a real salvation, because to install this fireplace you will not need a lot of material, and it can heat up enough large room– up to 35 square meters. dimensions of such a fireplace – 65x115 cm, quantity ceramic bricks– about 250 pieces, fireclay bricks You will need about 100 pieces. Also prepare two bags of oven clay, three or four bags of dry sand, and some cement. You will also need a pipe damper and a steel angle for the firebox arch. The arrangement of a brick fireplace “for beginners” is shown in the figure.
For a large living room in classic style a solid English fireplace is needed. To build such a hearth, you need experience working with brickwork and strict adherence to the scheme.

Necessary materials:

red ceramic brick – 300 pieces;
fireclay bricks – 130 pieces;
oven clay or fire-resistant masonry mixture - a couple of bags;
quarry sand – 4 bags;
cement – 1 bag;
metal corner and steel strip - 3 pieces of 1 meter each;
stove door for cleaning the chimney;
stove damper.

Brick fireplace diagram english style and its dimensions are shown in the figure.

Scheme of an English brick fireplace with a straight chimney - photo

The general techniques for laying fireplaces are very similar, so the article discusses the most difficult option– English brick fireplace with slanting hood. You can learn how to lay bricks from, and masonry simple fireplace for beginners it should not cause difficulties if you carefully study our recommendations.

Requirements for the fireplace foundation

The stability of the fireplace depends not only on the masonry, but also on the reliability of its base. The foundation for the fireplace must be poured separately from the foundation of the building, otherwise damage to the hearth and chimney may occur due to seasonal soil shifts. If the fireplace is installed at load-bearing wall, between strip foundation At home and at the base of the fireplace, they make a compensation cushion of sand - they fill it between the foundations and spill it with water.

The height of the base under the fireplace should be such that the first row of masonry is at the level of the finished floor. The foundation pit can be shallow, but on heaving soils a sand and gravel cushion with a thickness of at least 0.5 meters must be made. A layer of sand and gravel compensates for soil shifts and prevents the capillary rise of water from it, which ensures waterproofing of the foundation itself and the walls of the fireplace.

The foundation is poured from M150-M300 concrete with mandatory reinforcement. The formwork is made from boards or plywood, fastening the panels with self-tapping screws. The size of the foundation to be poured must exceed the dimensions of the fireplace on each side by 10 cm. Drawings of brick fireplaces, as a rule, contain required sizes, and when pouring the foundation you can safely use them.

After pouring the foundation, the concrete should be kept until it reaches critical strength for about 5-7 days, after which you can begin marking and laying the fireplace, having previously laid double layer additional waterproofing - roofing felt.

Fireplace laying + instructions and video

The laying of an English-style fireplace with a straight chimney is carried out strictly according to the scheme. Before laying begins, the wall behind the fireplace is thermally insulated metal sheet or thick foil, and wooden structures are additionally treated with a fire retardant solution to interior works. You should also take care of the fireproof floor covering in the front of the fireplace, where sparks and embers can enter.

Laying a brick fireplace - photo

Before laying begins, the bricks are sorted, putting aside those that have cracks and chips. They can be used for laying the foundation. Before each stage, it is convenient to lay out the bricks dry, cut them, and sand them.

Red ceramic bricks are briefly soaked in water before laying, but refractory bricks cannot be wetted; dust and dirt are wiped off its surface with a damp cloth. This measure promotes more uniform drying of the masonry mortar. The order of a brick fireplace with explanations is presented in the drawings.

The base of the fireplace (rows 1 and 2) is made of solid red brick. Its area is 1140 by 1270 mm, two rows of masonry with dressing. Before starting laying, it is necessary to check the level of the foundation; if necessary, small unevenness can be leveled by increasing the thickness of the seam. The foundation is laid on cement-sand mortar, the ratio of cement and sand is 1:2 – 1:3. Rows 3 and 4 are laid out similarly according to the scheme, while the bottom of the firebox in row 4 is made of fire-resistant bricks with fire-resistant mortar. The ratio of clay and sand should be such that the solution does not stick too much to the trowel or spatula, but also does not slide off it.
The next stage of laying the fireplace is the construction of the firebox walls. They are laid in accordance with the order, with the inner walls being laid out from refractory bricks on clay mortar, the outer walls - from ceramic bricks, on cement-sand mortar or on a mixture of clay and sand with the addition of 10-20% cement. The bricks forming the rear corners of the firebox are cut diagonally with a grinder. This shape of the firebox promotes better heat transfer.
Ordinal masonry of the fireplace - the first 4 rows
The firebox installation is completed. In the twelfth row, to complete the framing, a corner and a steel strip are installed on top of the masonry according to the diagram and order. The rear part of the twelfth row is made of interlocking bricks, cut at an angle so as to form a vault.
Ordinal masonry of the fireplace - 5, 6, 7, 8 row
Rows 13 to 16 form the fireplace arch and gas tooth - a protrusion in its upper front part that prevents backdraft and smoke from entering the room. The fifteenth row forms a narrowing of the chimney, due to which increased smoke pressure and increased draft are created. Next, the chimney expands, and in row 16 a cleaning door is built into it, through which accumulated soot is removed. The inner surface of the chimney is still made of fireclay bricks, the outer surface is made of red ceramic.
Row 13-16 fireplace masonry - photo
The next stage is the laying of a gradually tapering chimney and chimney. It is carried out according to the scheme, while the seams are carefully rubbed with inside hand and immediately wipe them with a damp cloth to remove any remaining solution. Any roughness on the walls of the chimney will later lead to the accumulation of soot in this place.
The last stage is laying the fireplace chimney. The lumen of the pipe is narrowed to one brick and blocked in the 25th row with a damper.
make a brick pipe of the required height. The fireplace is dried for 2-5 days at room temperature, after which they begin to slowly heat, achieving uniform heating and sintering clay mortar, on which the firebox is placed. This will prevent it from crumbling and extend the life of the fireplace. After laying and heating, you can begin.

Do-it-yourself small brick fireplace. How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands? Let's start from the foundation

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

Choosing a location method

Equipment classification

Making calculations

Execution of work

Features of fireplace heating

Choosing a location for the fireplace in the room

The foundation for the fireplace is monolithic concrete

Tools

Sequence of concreting

Fireplace

Pipe

Selecting the dimensions of the structure

Choosing a location method

Equipment classification

Making calculations

Execution of work

Location

Materials

Brick and its varieties

Preparation

Pouring the foundation

Fireplace masonry

Chimney

Finishing work

Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

Ready-made order schemes

Requirements for the fireplace foundation

Fireplace laying + instructions and video

Video - DIY brick fireplace

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