Heating of industrial buildings. What type of heating to choose for large industrial premises What should be the heating in industrial premises
During the cold season, autonomous heating of the production premises provides the company's employees with comfortable working conditions. Normalization of temperature conditions also has a beneficial effect on the safety of buildings, machines and equipment. Heating systems, although they have the same task, have technological differences. Some use hot water boilers for heating industrial premises, while in others compact heaters are used. Let's consider the specifics of industrial heating and the effectiveness of using various systems.
Requirements for heating industrial premises
At low temperatures, heating of production premises, as required by labor protection, should be carried out in cases where the time workers spend there exceeds 2 hours. The only exceptions are premises in which permanent presence of people is not necessary (for example, rarely visited warehouses). Also, structures are not heated, being inside of which is equivalent to carrying out work outside the building. However, even here it is necessary to provide for the presence special devices for heating workers.
Occupational safety imposes a number of sanitary and hygienic requirements for heating industrial premises:
- heating indoor air to comfortable temperature;
- the ability to regulate the temperature due to the amount of heat generated;
- inadmissibility of air pollution with harmful gases and unpleasant odors(especially for stove heating production premises);
- the desirability of combining the heating process with ventilation;
- ensuring fire and explosion safety;
- reliability heating system during operation and ease of repair.
During non-working hours, the temperature in heated rooms may be reduced, but not below +5 °C. Wherein industrial heating must have sufficient power to start work shift have time to restore normal temperature regime.
Calculation of autonomous heating of production premises
When calculating the autonomous heating of a production premises, we proceed from general rule that a constant temperature must be maintained in the workshop, garage or warehouse, without strong changes. For this purpose, a central boiler room is built, and heating radiators for production premises are installed in the work area. However, at some enterprises there is a need to create separate zones with unequal air temperatures. For the first of these cases, a calculation is made for the use of a central heating system, and for the second, for the use of local heaters.
In practice, the calculation of the heating system of an industrial premises should be based on the following criteria:
- area and height of the heated building;
- heat loss through walls and roofs, windows and doors;
- heat loss in the ventilation system;
- heat consumption for technological needs;
- thermal power of heating units;
- rationality of using this or that type of fuel;
- conditions for laying pipelines and air ducts.
Based on this, the need for heat energy to maintain optimal temperature. More accurate calculation Heating systems for industrial premises are facilitated by the use of special calculation tables. In the absence of data on the thermal properties of a building, heat consumption has to be determined approximately based on specific characteristics.
When making a choice among various types of industrial heating systems, one should take into account the specifics of production, thermal calculations, cost and availability of fuel, and build feasibility studies on this. Most fully consistent autonomous heating modern production facilities systems of infrared, water, air and electrical types.
Infrared heating of industrial premises
To create the necessary thermal comfort in workplaces, infrared heating of industrial premises is often used. Infrared (IR) local thermal emitters are installed mainly in workshops and warehouses with an area of up to 500 m² and with high ceilings. In each of these devices, a heat generator, a heater and a heat-releasing surface are structurally combined.
Advantages infrared heating production premises:
- only heating of the floor, walls, workshop equipment and directly people working in the room occurs;
- the air does not heat up, which means the consumption of thermal energy is reduced;
- dust does not rise into the air, which is especially important for enterprises in the electronics, food and precision engineering industries;
- costs for design and installation of heating are reduced to a minimum;
- infrared heating devices do not take up usable space.
IR heaters are divided into stationary and portable, and depending on the installation location, into ceiling, wall and floor. If it is necessary to influence individual workplaces, directed IR radiation is used using small wall heaters. But if you install infrared film heating on the ceiling of a production room, then the heating will be uniform over the entire area. Often, heated floors are also installed on the basis of panels with built-in IR heaters, but with such a system, energy consumption increases.
Infrared gas heating of industrial premises is also used in enterprises. The fuel used in such heating devices is natural gas, which is cheaper than electricity. The main advantage of gas IR emitters is their efficiency.
Emitters for infrared gas heating systems for industrial premises are available in several types:
- high-intensity (light) with a heat transfer temperature of 800–1200 °C;
- low-intensity (dark) with a temperature of 100–550 °C;
- low temperature with a temperature of 25–50°C).
A limitation in the use of industrial infrared heaters is the requirement not to place them in rooms with a ceiling height below 4 m.
Water heating of industrial premises
If the enterprise will use a water heating system, for its installation it is necessary to build a special boiler room, lay a pipeline system and install heating radiators in the production premises. In addition to the main elements, the system also includes means of ensuring operability, such as shut-off valves, pressure gauges, etc. To maintain the water heating system of industrial premises, it is necessary to constantly maintain special personnel.
According to the principle of its design, water heating of industrial premises can be:
- single-pipe- regulation of water temperature is impossible here, since all heating radiators for industrial premises are installed in series;
- two-pipe- temperature control is permissible and is carried out using thermostats on radiators installed in parallel.
Heat generators for a water heating system are heating boilers. Depending on the type of fuel consumed, they are: gas, liquid fuel, solid fuel, electric, combined. For heating small industrial premises, stoves with a water circuit are used.
You need to choose the type of boiler based on your needs and capabilities. specific enterprise. For example, the opportunity to connect to the gas main will be an incentive to purchase gas boiler. In the absence natural gas prefer diesel or improved solid fuel unit. Electric heating boilers for industrial premises are used quite often, but only in small buildings.
In the midst heating season Failures or accidents may occur in gas and electricity supply systems, so it is advisable to have an alternative heating unit at the enterprise.
Combination boilers for heating industrial premises are much more expensive, but they are equipped with several types of burners: G gas-wood, gas-diesel, and even gas-diesel-electricity.
Air heating of industrial premises
System air heating at each specific industrial enterprise it can be used as the main one or as an auxiliary one. In any case, installing air heating in a workshop is cheaper than water heating, since there is no need to install expensive boilers for heating production premises, lay pipelines and install radiators.
Advantages of an air heating system for a production facility:
- space saving working area;
- energy efficient consumption of resources;
- simultaneous heating and air purification;
- uniform heating of the room;
- safety for the well-being of workers;
- no risk of leaks and freezing of the system.
Air heating of a production facility can be:
- central- with a single heating unit and an extensive network of air ducts through which heated air is distributed throughout the workshop;
- local- air heaters (air heating units, heat guns, air-heat curtains) are located directly in the room.
In a centralized air heating system, to reduce energy costs, a recuperator is used, which partially uses the heat of internal air for heating fresh air, coming from outside. Local systems do not recuperate; they only warm the internal air, but do not provide an influx of external air. Wall-ceiling air heating units can be used to heat individual workplaces, as well as for drying any materials and surfaces.
By giving preference to air heating of industrial premises, enterprise managers achieve savings by significantly reducing capital costs.
Electric heating of industrial premises
When choosing the electric heating method, you should consider two options for heating workshop or storage facilities:
- using electric heating boilers for industrial premises;
- using portable electric heating devices.
In some cases, it may be advisable to install small electric furnaces for heating industrial premises with a small area and ceiling height.
Electric boilers have an efficiency of up to 99%, their operation is fully automated thanks to the presence of programmable control. In addition to performing the heating function, the boiler can serve as a source of hot water supply. Absolute air purity is ensured, since there is no emission of combustion products. However, the numerous advantages of electric boilers are negated by the too high cost of the electricity they consume.
Electric convectors can successfully compete with electric boilers in the field of heating industrial premises. There are electric convectors with natural convection, as well as with forced air supply. The operating principle of these compact devices is the ability to heat rooms by heat exchange. The air passes through the heating elements, its temperature rises, and then it goes through the usual circulation cycle inside the room.
Minuses electric convectors: They dry out the air excessively and are not recommended for heating rooms with high ceilings.
Radiant heating panels are comparatively short term were able to demonstrate their excellent energy-saving characteristics. Outwardly they are similar to convectors, but their difference is manifested in special device heating element. The advantage of electric radiant panels is their ability to act on objects in the room without needlessly heating the air. Support set temperature Automatic thermostats help.
Whatever heating system for the production premises the owner of the company decides to install, his main task should remain concern for maintaining the health and performance of all company personnel.
The company has been operating on the market for many years, during which time we have gained valuable experience and know how to satisfy any request related to heating a room for any purpose. We carry out the design and installation of turnkey heating systems of various levels of complexity at any facility.
Heating of industrial enterprises
The quality of products manufactured by an enterprise largely depends on the appropriate level of production. The implementation of technological processes requires certain parameters of internal air. The task of heating is to maintain the required temperature of the internal air during the cold season.
Design solutions when creating engineering systems industrial buildings depend very much on the specifics of this production, therefore important role The technological part of the project plays a role in this process. The help of professionals from the company “Integrated Engineering Systems” will be very helpful in this matter. Specialists will do everything necessary calculations, will justify decisions made, will select equipment and produce competent and high-quality installation in short time.
Types of heating systems used in manufacturing enterprises:
- Water heating
- Steam heating
- Air heating
Central
Local
- Radiant heating
The choice of the type of heating system depends on the availability of a particular heat source in the this enterprise, production technology, feasibility study, etc.
Water heating at an industrial enterprise.
In this case, the heat source for the heating system can be central heating networks or a local boiler house. The main element of the boiler room is the boiler of the required power. Modern boilers, depending on the design, can run on gas, solid or liquid fuel, and they can also be electric.
From external heating networks, water is supplied with higher temperatures and pressures than in the heating system itself. To bring the water parameters to the required values, a heating point is equipped.
Through the heating pipeline system, water enters the heating devices. Typically, in industrial premises, radiators are used as heating devices; registers made of smooth pipes can be used. For wiring a water heating system, various types of pipes can be used: steel, metal-plastic, polypropylene.
During non-working hours, the heating system of production premises operates in standby mode to reduce energy costs, maintaining the internal air temperature at +10oC (if this does not contradict the production technology).
Steam heating at an industrial enterprise.
Sometimes industrial enterprises use water vapor as a coolant. Such a system has its pros and cons. The advantages include:
the ability to quickly heat up rooms when steam is supplied to heating devices and equally quickly cool them when the steam supply is turned off;
reduction of capital costs and material consumption due to reduction in the size of heating devices and pipelines;
the possibility of heating buildings of any number of floors, since the column of steam does not create a significantly increased hydrostatic pressure in the lower part of the system.
Such a heating system is more preferable for emergency heating of premises than a water one.
The disadvantages of steam heating are as follows:
- the impossibility of regulating the heat transfer of heating devices, since it is quite difficult to regulate the steam flow;
- increase in useless losses by steam pipelines when they are laid in unheated rooms;
- noise during system operation;
- short service life of steam pipelines compared to water heating pipelines, because When there are interruptions in the steam supply, the steam lines are filled with air, which accelerates the process of corrosion of their inner surface.
Air heating at an industrial enterprise.
Air heating industrial premises can be central or local.
When using central system air heating can ensure air mobility, favorable for the normal well-being of people, uniformity of room temperature, as well as air change and purification.
The air is heated in air heaters ventilation units to a temperature higher than the internal temperature of the premises, and enters the premises through the air ducts. There, the heated air mixes with the surrounding air and cools to its temperature. It should be noted that due to the relatively low heat capacity of air, its required amount for heating is quite large, which leads to the need to use large cross-section air ducts.
To reduce energy costs, the main part of the air taken from the room is cleaned in filters, heated again and supplied again to the premises (recirculation). In this case, outside air is supplied in quantities not less than the established sanitary standards. If harmful or odorous substances are released during the production process, then the use of recycling is very problematic. In this case, to save energy resources, you can use exhaust air heat recovery systems (for example, a heat exchanger with an intermediate coolant or a recuperator).
With local air heating, the air heater is located in the room itself (air heating units, heat guns). Local systems operate on full recirculation, i.e. process indoor air and do not provide an influx of outside air.
Radiant heating at an industrial enterprise.
An innovation that has affected heat generation and heat supply is the use of radiant heating technology. The heat source in this option is electric or gas infrared heaters; the working area is heated by a directed flow of radiant energy in the infrared spectrum. This is the most economical and effective option heating with great capabilities - from heating domestic and administrative buildings to heating livestock complexes, warehouses, and construction sites. Experts are confident that this option has a great future!
To reduce heat losses in industrial premises, air-thermal curtains are installed above gates, doors and technological openings. Curtains can be water or electric; V Lately Wide-jet curtains that do not require air heating have also appeared on the market.
Heating systems can be open or closed.
Fluid circulation in open systems heating is provided by installing a tank at the top of the building. To compensate for the expansion of the coolant, expansion tank is made open.
Closed heating systems operate due to a closed membrane tank. The use of such a tank provides a number of beneficial advantages over the system open type. In such a system, the liquid or coolant does not interact with oxygen, and therefore oxidative processes inside the boiler flow more slowly. The coolant tank can be placed next to the heating boiler and create greater internal pressure in the system, which will virtually eliminate the formation of air locks.
How can fluid circulate?
Liquid can circulate in the heating system naturally or as a result of pressure being pumped by a pump.
At natural circulation coolant movement occurs as a result of displacement cold water hot because the density cold water taller and heavier. This way, hot water is displaced and enters the heating radiators. The cooled water goes through the return pipes into the boiler, squeezing out the heated water, thereby ensuring continuous circulation of water. The disadvantage of such a heating system is the continuous fuel consumption and the large diameter of the pipes.
In a forced circulation heating system, movement is carried out using a circular pump. This provides a number of significant advantages:
- small diameter of supporting pipes;
- the ability to adjust and maintain the desired temperature in the room;
- a small difference between cooled and heated water, which saves fuel consumption and increases the service life of the boiler.
Pipes are routed to radiators in various ways.
Two-pipe system The heating system consists of two pipes leading to the radiator. One of the pipes carries liquid to the radiator, and the other serves as a drain for cooled liquid. This method of distributing the coolant allows you to achieve the same temperature in all radiators.
A single-pipe distribution system transfers fluid sequentially from one heating device to another. In such a heating system, the last radiator will of course be colder than the first. However, the advantage of such a system is its low cost.
If we compare two heating systems in operation, the two-pipe system wins and is therefore used more often.
What types of pipes are there? 
Today, three types of pipes are used. Their classification is based on the material from which they are made.
- copper;
- steel;
- polymer (metal-plastic, polypropylene, etc.).
Flaw steel pipes The first is their susceptibility to corrosion, expensive and labor-intensive installation. If you decide to install a heating system made of galvanized pipes, then it will be impossible to use refrigerant as a coolant. Usage copper pipes For heating, their high price makes it difficult. Meanwhile, they have a number of advantages: they are beautiful, non-corrosive and easy to install. Without going into a detailed description of all types of polymer pipes, we can name their general advantages - ease of installation, low weight, are not subject to corrosion and have a low resistance coefficient.
Which coolant to choose.
Choosing a coolant will help you save not only in the subsequent operation of the heating system, but also in initial costs. The liquid that will distribute heat in the heating system determines the power heating radiators, boilers, pump characteristics, materials for laying the heating system.
When choosing the type of coolant, try to analyze whether it will winter time work your heating system. There will be water the best coolant for systems in which there is no danger of liquid freezing and in case of boiler shutdown in winter. Having certain physical characteristics, water is an excellent and frequently used coolant. There are also disadvantages of such a coolant - corrosiveness, the formation of salts and corrosive compounds on metal equipment.
Next, we will consider the option when defrosting is possible (power outages, drop in gas pressure or other reasons). In this case, antifreeze specially designed for heating systems is used as a coolant.
Company "Integrated engineering systems" offers various solutions and heating technologies, so we can choose the option that is ideal for your home, your conditions and budget. We will make sure that your home is truly warm.
I would like to note that we are dealers of several well-known global manufacturers, so we do not have to inflate prices for our clients. Our main suppliers include companies such as: Elite, Kermi, Arbonia, Zehnder, Kampmann, Grundfos, Reflex, FAR, Baxi, Beretta, etc.
Specialists LLC "Integrated Engineering Systems" are regularly trained and equipped with modern equipment. After completing the entire range of work on installation and commissioning of heating systems, we bear all warranty obligations.
2.3. Heating of industrial premises. (Local, central; specific heating characteristics)
Heating is designed to maintain normal air temperature in production premises during the cold season. In addition, it contributes to better preservation of buildings and equipment, since it simultaneously allows you to regulate air humidity. For this purpose, various heating systems are constructed.
During the cold and transitional periods of the year, all buildings and structures in which people stay for more than 2 hours, as well as rooms in which temperature maintenance is necessary due to technological conditions, should be heated.
The following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed on heating systems: uniform heating of the air in the rooms; the ability to regulate the amount of heat generated and combine heating and ventilation processes; absence of indoor air pollution with harmful emissions and unpleasant odors; fire and explosion safety; ease of operation and repair.
Heating of industrial premises within the radius of action can be local or central.
Local heating is installed in one or more adjacent rooms with an area of less than 500 m2. In such heating systems, the heat generator, heating devices and heat-releasing surfaces are structurally combined in one device. The air in these systems is most often heated by using the heat of fuel burned in stoves (wood, coal, peat, etc.). Much less often, floors or wall panels with built-in electric heating elements, and sometimes electric radiators, are used as unique heating devices. There are also air (the main element is the heater) and gas (when gas is burned in heating devices) local heating systems.
Depending on the type of coolant used, central heating can be water, steam, air or combined. Systems central heating include a heat generator, heating devices, means of coolant transmission (pipelines) and means of ensuring operability (shut-off valves, safety valves, pressure gauges, etc.). As a rule, in such systems heat is generated outside the heated premises.
Heating systems must compensate for heat loss through building fences, heat consumption for heating injected cold air, raw materials, machinery, equipment coming from outside and for technological needs.
In the absence of accurate data on building materials, fences, the thickness of layers of materials of enclosing structures and, as a result, the impossibility of determining the thermal resistance of walls, ceilings, floors, windows and other elements, heat consumption is approximately determined using specific characteristics.
Heat consumption through the external enclosures of buildings, kW
Where 
- specific heating characteristic of a building, which is the heat flow lost by 1 m 3 of the volume of the building according to external dimensions per unit of time with a temperature difference between the internal and external air of 1 K, W/(m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
=0.105...0.7 W/(m 3 ∙K); V H - volume of the building without the basement according to external measurements, m 3; T B - average design temperature of the internal air of the main premises of the building, K; T N – calculated winter temperature outdoor air for the design of heating systems, K: for Volgograd 248 K, Kirov 242 K, Moscow 247 K, St. Petersburg 249 K, Ulyanovsk 244 K, Chelyabinsk 241K.
Heat consumption for ventilation of industrial buildings, kW
Where 
- specific ventilation characteristic, i.e. heat consumption for ventilation of 1 m 3 of a building with a difference in internal and external temperatures of 1 K, W/(m 3 ∙K): depending on the volume and purpose of the building 
=0.17...1.396 W/(m 3 ∙K); 
- the calculated value of the outside air temperature for the design of ventilation systems, K: for Volgograd 259 K, Vyatka 254 K, Moscow 258 K, St. Petersburg 261 K, Ulyanovsk 255 K, Chelyabinsk 252 K.
The amount of heat absorbed by materials, machinery and equipment imported into the premises, kW
,
Where 
- mass heat capacity of materials or equipment, kJ/(kg∙K): for water 4.19, grain 2.1...2.5, iron 0.48, brick 0.92, straw 2.3; 
- mass of raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, kg; 
- temperature of materials, raw materials or equipment imported into the premises, K: for metals 
=
, for non-bulk materials 
=
+10, bulk materials 
=
+20;
- time for heating materials, machines or equipment to room temperature, hours.
The amount of heat consumed for technological needs, kW, is determined through the consumption of hot water or steam
,
Where 
-consumption for technological needs of water or steam, kg/h: for repair shops 100...120, per cow 0.625, per calf 0.083, etc.; 
- heat content of water or steam at the boiler outlet, kJ/kg; 
- condensate or hot water return coefficient, varying within 0...0.7: in calculations it is usually taken 
=0,7;
- heat content of condensate or water returned to the boiler, kJ/kg: in calculations can be taken equal to 270…295 kJ/kg.
The thermal power of the boiler installation P k, taking into account the heat consumption for the boiler house’s own needs and losses in heating networks, is assumed to be 10...15% more than the total heat consumption
Based on the obtained value of Pk, we select the type and brand of the boiler. It is recommended to install boiler units of the same type with the same thermal output. Number steel units there should be at least two and no more than four, cast iron - no more than six. It should be taken into account that if one boiler fails, the remaining ones must provide at least 75-80% of the calculated thermal power of the boiler installation.
For direct heating of premises, heating devices of various types and designs are used: radiators, cast-iron finned pipes, convectors, etc.
The total surface area of heating devices, m2, is determined by the formula
,
Where 
- heat transfer coefficient of the walls of heating devices, W/(m 2 ∙K): for cast iron 7.4, for steel 8.3; 
- temperature of water or steam at the inlet to the heating device, K; for low pressure water radiators 338…348, high pressure 393…398; for steam radiators 383…388; 
-water temperature at the outlet of the heating device, K: for low-pressure water radiators 338…348, for high-pressure steam and water radiators 368.
Using the known value of F, the required number of sections of heating devices is found
,
Where 
- area of one section of the heating device, m 2, depending on its type: 0.254 for M-140 radiators; 0.299 for M-140-AO; 0.64 for M3-500-1; 0.73 for a plinth-type convector 15KP-1; 1 for a cast iron finned pipe with a diameter of 500 mm.
Uninterrupted operation of boilers is only possible if there is a sufficient supply of fuel for them. In addition, knowing the required amount of alternative fuel materials, it is possible to determine the optimal type of fuel using economic indicators.
The fuel requirement, kg, for the heating season of the year can be approximately calculated using the formula
,
Where 
=1.1…1.2 - safety factor for unaccounted heat losses; 
- annual consumption of equivalent fuel to increase the temperature of 1 m 3 of air in a heated building by 1 K, kg/(m 3 ∙K): 0.32 for a building with 
m 3; 0.245 at 
; 0.215 at 0.2 at 
>10000 m3.
Conventional fuel is considered to be fuel whose calorific value of 1 kg is 29.3 MJ, or 7000 kcal. To convert standard fuel into natural fuel, correction factors are used: for anthracite 0.97, brown coal 2.33, average quality firewood 5.32, fuel oil 0.7, peat 2.6.
Organizing a production process is a multifaceted task in which all factors must be taken into account. In addition to equipment and qualified workers, attention should be paid to Special attention maintaining optimal room temperature. To do this, you need to develop systems and heating schemes for workshops with your own hands: welding, carpentry, production.
Selecting heating according to room characteristics
Before you make the heating of the workshop with your own hands, you need to find out a few important characteristics. First of all, the optimal temperature in the room. The choice of heating system directly depends on this.
When drawing up a heating scheme for a carpentry shop or other production areas, you need to take into account the following parameters:
- Ceiling area and height. If the distance from the floor to the roof is more than 3 meters, then convection (water, air) systems will be ineffective. This is due to the large volume of the room;
- Thermal insulation of walls and roof. Heat loss buildings are the first thing to consider when choosing. The heating system for the workshop must not only be efficient, but also economical. In this case, it is best to use zonal heat sources. They will maintain a comfortable temperature level in a certain area of the room;
- Technological requirements for optimal temperature in the workshop. For example, the heating of a woodworking shop must maintain air heating at a constant level. Otherwise, it will affect the quality of the products. If the raw material is metal, then a comfortable temperature is needed only for workers.
To carry out this analysis, you will need to study the advantages and disadvantages of each type of heating. Let's consider the most efficient heating production workshop, differing depending on the circuit and components used.
Air heating of the workshop
For large rooms with high temperature requirements, it is recommended to use air heating in the workshop. This system is an extensive network of air channels through which flows of hot air move. It is heated using a special air conditioning unit or a gas boiler.
Such do-it-yourself workshop heating systems and schemes are applicable for welding, carpentry, and industrial premises. Main structural elements of this system are:
- Outside air intake device. It includes fans and cleaning filters;
- Next, the air masses enter the heating zone through the channels.. This can be electrical appliances (spiral element) or gas installation with air heat exchanger;
- Air masses with high temperatures move through channels that distribute heat to individual production rooms. To regulate the heating temperature level, a throttle valve is installed in each outlet pipe.
Such a workshop air heating system has a number of significant advantages over the standard one. The main one is optimal heating of the room. Properly positioned air ducts can have guide elements that focus air flow to the desired area of the workshop.
Also when additional installation air conditioner, the same system can be used as a cooling system. However, such a workshop heating scheme is quite complex in terms of design. Before self-installation, you need to calculate the power of the fans, the shape and cross-section of the air ducts. Therefore, for the installation of air heating in a production workshop, it is recommended to use the services of specialized companies.
Water heating of the workshop
The use of traditional water heating is relevant for small industries whose workshop area does not exceed 250 m². It is necessary to constantly maintain the air temperature at the optimal level throughout the entire volume of the room. Woodworking shops are often heated using water.
This is due to wood waste from production. For their disposal, a long-burning solid fuel boiler is installed. This scheme of work allows you to not only quickly but also effectively get rid of wood waste. They are subsequently used as fuel.
However, this heating organization scheme has a number of nuances:
- In order for the heating efficiency of the production workshop to be maximum, the area of the heating devices must be significantly increased. Pipes are used for this large diameter, which are welded together into registers;
- Inertia. Need enough big time for heating the air in the workshop from the coolant;
- The inability to quickly change the water temperature in the pipes.
However, along with this, when installing water heating in a welding shop, a heated floor system can be used. This scheme will help reduce the required area of heating devices. At the same time, the inertia of the system will decrease - the air in the workshop will heat up faster.
During heating design, it is possible to provide for the organization of hot water supply, which is important for many production processes. To do this, you need to purchase (or make) a heat exchange tank to heat the workshop with your own hands.
In it, the coolant energy will be transferred through the coil to the water. This will make it possible to use hot water not only for domestic needs, but also for production processes.
In addition to solid fuel boilers, you can install other types of heating equipment:
- Gas boilers. Economically effective if there is no cheap solid fuel;
- Electric heaters. It is preferable not to use them, since energy costs will be high;
- Boilers running on liquid fuel - diesel or waste machine oil. Installed if there are no gas lines. They are economical, but inconvenient because they require special containers for storing fuel.
To use water heating circuits for a workshop, you need to correctly calculate the power of the heating installation.
The standard ratio of 1 kW of released thermal energy per 10 m² of area is only relevant for a workshop whose ceiling height does not exceed 3 meters. If they are higher, then each extra meter this is +10% to the boiler power.
Infrared heating of the workshop
The operating principle of infrared heaters is to heat surfaces due to the effects of infrared radiation. If the heating system of the welding shop is designed for spot heating of certain zones, then it is best to use these devices. Effective heating with infrared heaters for workshops should begin with the selection of heating elements. Currently, two methods of generating IR radiation are used.
Carbon heaters
Its design consists of a bulb, inside of which there is a carbon spiral, and a reflective element. When current passes through the heating element, it glows due to high electrical resistance. As a result, IR radiation is released.
To focus thermal energy, a reflector made of stainless iron or aluminum is provided.
IR electric heaters can be used as additional heating in a carpentry shop. They are mounted above those work areas where a stable temperature regime is required. The advantages of electric infrared heaters include:
- Easy installation;
- The ability to regulate the heating temperature by changing the supplied current power;
- Small overall dimensions.
However, due to high energy consumption, heating with electric infrared heaters for workshops is rare. Instead they are mounted gas models.
Gas IR heaters
For large production workshops where zonal heating is required, it is recommended to use gas models of infrared heaters. Their operating principle is based on the so-called flameless combustion of a mixture of gas and air on a ceramic surface. As a result, IR radiation is formed, which is focused by the reflector.
For efficient heating Infrared heaters in workshops often use ceiling-mounted heater models. It is important to correctly calculate the mounting height and required power. The heating area and temperature conditions in this part of the workshop will depend on these parameters.
They are used as a heating system for a welding shop, where a comfortable temperature is needed only to ensure normal conditions working personnel. However, when planning this type of heating, you need to take into account a number of nuances:
- An infrared heating system for a workshop cannot be used if the air in the entire room needs to be heated. Heaters are designed for local impact;
- To minimize costs, you should use only natural gas from the mains. In addition to the additional purchase of exchange containers, a liquefied cylinder is inconvenient due to the periodic connection procedure.
But despite these disadvantages, the use of infrared heating for woodworking shops and other areas of industry remains the best option. However, to install gas heating in a workshop with your own hands, you need to carry out a number of approvals with the gas service in order to obtain all permits.
How to choose the right heating system for a particular workshop? It is necessary to take into account its operational parameters, the cost of purchasing equipment and the price of energy. Remember that the cost of production will depend on the heating efficiency of any production workshop.
If you need economical option organizing heating for a carpentry shop - in the video you can see non-standard methods of heating air using sawdust and wood shavings.
The area of production premises of various industrial entities can reach several thousand square meters, the heating of which requires high-power boiler houses. Few people know how exactly the heating of industrial premises of this scale is organized.
Depending on the type of room that is supposed to be heated using an autonomous boiler room, a number of factors must be taken into account when designing:
- The heating system must be economically beneficial to the enterprise;
- The height of the ceilings will greatly influence the distribution of heat throughout the room;
- The power of the boiler room should be sufficient to maintain a comfortable temperature even in the coldest periods;
- The comfort of employees and, accordingly, their productivity will depend on how correctly all aspects are taken into account when choosing the type of heating system;
Types of heating systems for industrial premises
For heating large areas Industrial premises can use different types of heating systems. They all differ in heating method, coolant, and have their pros and cons.
Steam heating of premises
The coolant in this case is water vapor, formed as a result of heating water by a boiler to boiling point. The steam is transferred by a pump system through the supply line to the heating radiators and then returned to the boiler for reheating. It is possible to use natural circulation, in which case it is necessary circulation pumps is eliminated, but such a system is not suitable for all types of buildings; large rooms may be heated unevenly.
Central part steam system heating is a hot water boiler that can operate on different types of fuel:
- Solid fuel - wood and coal;
- Liquid fuel - diesel, fuel oil or waste oil;
- On natural gas;
The advantages of a steam heating system for large premises are the rapid achievement of maximum temperature, independence from the number of floors of the building, and high heat transfer. Among the disadvantages is the fact that control of the steam temperature is impossible, so the heating devices are always very hot. As a consequence of this shortcoming, the next one immediately appears - high temperature causes premature wear of devices, which leads to their replacement. If the integrity is damaged, hot steam from the heating system escapes under high pressure, and contact with it leads to serious injuries, so it is important to promptly service the system elements.
Water heating of premises
One of the most common methods of heating industrial premises and enterprises is using water heating. This is due to good efficiency, control flexibility and a large selection of fuel for heating and the availability of coolant.
The operating principle of a water heating system is identical to a steam heating system, with the only difference being that the water is not heated to the state of steam, but to the desired temperature, which can be adjusted manually or automatically depending on the temperature in the room. Water can be distributed through devices either through natural circulation or through a system of pumps that force its movement.
As in the case of a steam system, water is heated in a hot water boiler. Fuel for water heating systems can be gas, diesel, fuel oil, coal, firewood, waste and oil.
The advantages of water heating include ease of installation of the system, widespread availability of water, long service life and the ability to control temperature to maintain indoor comfort.
The system also has disadvantages:
- Long heating of the coolant;
- If the integrity of pipes and heating devices is damaged, water leakage is possible;
- Due to the constant contact of pipes with water and its heating, a number of requirements are imposed on it chemical composition, which can leave deposits in pipes when exposed to high temperatures. Instead of water, it is recommended to use a special, more efficient coolant that does not cause chemical reactions inside pipes and devices.
- The water in the system may freeze, which can lead to damage to pipes and heating appliances due to water expansion. To prevent this from happening, the system startup must be timely; the temperature in the system must not be allowed to drop below 0.
Rarer types of heating systems are air and electric heating.
Air heating of premises
The operating principle of the air heating system is based on forced circulation indoor air. Cold air is blown onto the heated heat exchanger, after which the heated air is supplied to the ventilation system, through which it is distributed throughout the room.
The advantages of such a heating system include:
- Possibility of manual or automatic temperature control to maintain the internal climate of both the entire room and its individual zones;
- The disadvantages of water and steam systems are completely eliminated. The possibility of leaks, defrosting, and corrosion is excluded;
- High economic benefit when using gas equipment for heating the heat exchanger;
- Easy to maintain, only periodic cleaning of ventilation and boiler maintenance is required;
- The air in the room is self-cleaning due to constant circulation;
The main disadvantages include:
- The complexity of designing and installing a ventilation system;
Low efficiency electric heating and its high cost ultimately affected their popularity and such a system is practically not used for heating large industrial premises, only if other types of heating cannot be implemented for technical reasons or due to the specifics of the project.
Installation of heating systems for large premises
Before designing a heating system for industrial premises, many different factors and characteristics of the premises are taken into account and analyzed.
Depending on the purpose of the building, its area, humidity requirements and many other factors, the possibility of installing certain systems in the building is determined. A detailed project is drawn up, which contains all the components, boilers, furnaces, pipes and other components of the heating system for large areas of industrial premises. Based on the compiled data, an action plan is drawn up, and installation work takes place. After completion, the first commissioning activities are carried out. The Pallada company has been installing and designing heating systems for industrial premises for several years. The company has behind it many successfully configured and installed heating systems, which to this day provide production employees with heat and hot water. The company has all the necessary certificates and permits to carry out installation work. And the cost of installation of heating for industrial premises will be a pleasant surprise for all clients.
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