Make an electric oven with your own hands. Homemade electric stove
If you have your own home outside the city, then you are undoubtedly thinking about building a bathhouse, the atmosphere of which directly depends on the stove. You can purchase a ready-made version of it, or make an electric stove for a bathhouse with your own hands, saving money.
When you decide to purchase this design in a store, pay attention to several parameters:
- The temperature and humidity that the oven will create.
- Reliability and economy.
- Optimal combination with common interior premises.
Characteristics of furnaces
Electrical sauna stoves gained their popularity due to the rapid heating of the room, maintaining the temperature, the absence of a chimney and dirt, as well as a number of other advantages. The advantages of electric furnaces include:
- Convenient to use. Thanks to the built-in control panel, it is possible to adjust parameters depending on your requirements, as well as turn it off at any time.
- A built-in thermostat with a fuse protects against overheating.
- Due to the absence of carbon monoxide, the stove is completely safe.
- Due to the body material and small dimensions, the risk of burns is virtually eliminated.
However, there is one drawback, which is the large expenditure of electricity required to ensure the operation of the furnace.
Self-production of an electric sauna stove
Before you start installation process, you need to determine the type of stove you want to get. After this, you can begin to independently build an electric heater stove. As a rule, such stoves are suitable in cases where dry air is required in a bathhouse (sauna).
The fundamental element in the furnace is the heating element, regardless of whether it is closed or open.
The closed oven is suitable for vertical or horizontal installation heating element. Its design includes a conductive busbar, a heat shield and a heater.
To produce open heaters, nichrome wire is used, laid in a ceramic support in the form of a spiral.
It is best to use a three-phase network, which has a voltage of 380 V, but if the bathhouse is small, a single-phase network of 220 V is quite suitable. The power generated by a single-phase stove is 3 kW.
The metal stove body requires mandatory grounding. At the first start, as well as during operation, it is necessary to measure the resistance, which should be within 3-5 ohms.
Electric furnace assembly technology
Assembling the stove takes place in several stages:
- Calculate the required dimensions based on the area of the bath and the required power.
- Based on the calculation results, determine the appropriate number of heating elements.
- Then secure and connect them using jumpers.
- Take a 3mm thick steel sheet of the required size, then secure it using welding or bolts.
- Next, lay the stones as closely as possible to each other, removing all gaps.
- Your next step will be to install a protective casing, for the manufacture of which you will need several metal sheets, or installation of a brick wall.
- Using parallel and serial connections, connect the device to the network using a thermostat or control panel. It is worth giving preference to drum or rotary switches.
Thanks to the information described above, you will get an idea about the electric sauna stove, its advantages, installation and manufacturing methods. Now the process of washing in a bathhouse or sauna will become much more pleasant, comfortable and convenient. Enjoy Your Bath!
For a bath or sauna, large brick kilns, which provide heating not only water, but also stones. But such models are too massive, they require a special base, complex maintenance, and compliance with safety measures, since open fire is used for heating. And the cost of such stoves is significant, and it is recommended to invite a stove-maker for masonry. But for a bathhouse with your own hands, you can assemble a small but effective electric stove, which is perfect not only for an ordinary Russian bathhouse, but also for a Finnish sauna, where so-called dry heating is required.
Advantages of the electric furnace: fast heating, easy maintenance, very easy to adjust and operate.
Types of sauna stoves
For a sauna with your own hands, you can make almost any type of stove that will provide comfortable conditions.
The following types are popular:
- A do-it-yourself brick stove for a bathhouse is a rather massive structure that requires the installation of a separate foundation, and its laying scheme must be carried out exactly according to the order. Red is used for work kiln brick, wood is used as fuel. The stove is heat-intensive, but heats up slowly, requires a chimney to remove combustion products, and ventilation is also necessary to supply fresh air.
- A metal wood-burning stove is lighter than a traditional brick stove; it is made of sheet steel and uses dry wood as fuel. The weight of this structure is less; a special foundation is not required, but a pedestal and a protective wall are needed.
- An electric stove today is considered the most suitable for small saunas or baths. This is a compact device that actually consists of a heating element and a container for stones and water. This design is easy to make with your own hands, it is practical, different easy to use. For such a stove there is no need to install a chimney. With such a unit, the sauna will be comfortable and convenient.
Return to contents
Advantages of an electric furnace
By choosing an electric sauna stove, you get whole list advantages:
- Fast heating while maintaining the set temperature comfortable temperature throughout the entire period of use, which is simply impossible when using wood-burning stoves.
- There is absolutely no dirt during use, since the stove runs on electricity and no fuel is burned. In this regard, an electric stove does not require a chimney to remove combustion products, or a special separate ventilation system. The air in the room does not dry out that much.
- Caring for the stove is extremely simple; it does not need to be constantly cleaned of traces of soot, remnants of unburned fuel, and soot. To start heating, you just need to turn on the structure, ensuring the supply of electric current, and setting the required temperature.
- Unlike other types, the electric furnace is very easy to adjust and operate. The thermostat is installed directly in the steam room. The temperature is maintained exactly at the set level throughout use, which is a huge plus. The thermostat has protection against overheating, which is very important when installing a sauna stove with your own hands.
- The oven is safe and does not emit emissions during use. carbon monoxide, open flame no, which does not pose a danger to the wooden furnishings of the sauna.
- The dimensions of the oven are compact and its weight is light. This design can be installed in any convenient location, there is no need to first install a massive foundation, a small pedestal for equipment is sufficient, in some cases a small protective brick wall, which ensures safety of use during rest.
Return to contents
How to make an electric oven with your own hands?
Electric sauna stoves have an extremely simple design. As a rule, this is a body made of sheet metal, inside of which heating elements are located - heating elements. A cage is installed on top, which is completely filled with stones; they must be laid tightly. The design of the body itself can be open or closed - it all depends on which particular oven will be more convenient to use for the steam room. Usually these are open housings that are suitable for obtaining not only dry, but also wet heating. Closed sauna stoves can be horizontal or vertical; the structure includes: a conductive busbar, a heater, and a heat shield. Open designs use nichrome wire, which is mounted in a ceramic stand as a heating coil. To connect the oven it is best to use three-phase network with a voltage of 380 V, but for small baths A traditional single-phase 220 V is quite sufficient. For the latter design, a power of 3 kW is usually generated. This allows you to correctly calculate the heating power, which depends on total area room and the required maximum temperature. When installing an electric sauna heater, it is necessary to ensure that the housing is grounded. After installation, it is necessary to carry out tests, i.e., during the first start-up of the equipment, measure the resistance level. If the work is done correctly, it should not exceed 3-5 Ohms.
According to the unspoken distribution of responsibilities, the process of cooking is considered the responsibility of the housewife. And in this regard, a woman cannot be reproached, since every day, in any conditions, she tries to please her household with something special.
In Russian folklore we see the praise of bread as a symbol of prosperity, the fertility of the earth, and the care of Mother Nature. Today, bread is obtained in a mechanized, even automated way, so rarely does anyone think about the hard work of a grain grower when purchasing a loaf or loaf of bread in a store. But through genetic memory, we have been given a love for the aroma and taste of fresh baked goods, so the most favorite way to pamper the family is considered to be baking bread, pies, and pies.
Bread baking process
Masterpiece abilities must be applied at the test preparation stage. This is where ancient recipes and all sorts of tricks come into play. But it plays a key role good oven, which ensures uniform baking of products throughout the entire volume. It should be noted right away that gas oven is far from being a leader in this regard, since the peculiar action of an open flame inevitably leads to burning of products. If you don't consider industrial production, then an electric oven for the kitchen will be the most suitable device, allowing you to prepare almost any dish and bake bread
Classification
The classification will help to recreate a picture of the distribution of capabilities and functions among the wide variety of all stove models presented, as well as make a choice when purchasing for specific purposes. However, there is no single classification, and no one sets a goal to create one. But according to some specific characteristics, there is an elementary division of models into subtypes. It should be noted that we will be interested in electric ovens for the home in which you can bake bread.
Depending on the scale of cooking and the equipment, everything kitchen stoves are divided into stationary electric stoves with ovens, ovens and mini ovens. There are also some hobs, but in this issue they are not relevant.
- The mini oven is universal device, which you can take with you to the dacha during the season. Among other functions, it has the ability to bake flour products. For these purposes, heating elements are built inside the oven. The presence of heating at the top and bottom is just an indicator that pies can be cooked in such an oven. However, their number is limited by the dimensions of the oven.
Small universal device
- The oven is not intended for transportation. It can be made in a single structure with the slab or installed separately as a mortise device. Inside, the heating elements are more powerful than those of compact models, since for heating large space more energy is required. On a baking sheet oven Can accommodate a huge pie, pizza, a dozen pies. We can say that the dimensions are hallmark division of ovens into types.
Classic oven option
How else can you divide electric furnaces into types:
- Classification by volume. Even electric ovens belonging to the same type differ from each other in oven volume. It can range from 9 to 45 liters in compact ovens. This parameter is selected based on the size of the family. Ovens up to 15 liters will meet the needs of two adults. A family size increased to 3-4 people will require the purchase of an electric baking oven with a capacity of at least 20 liters. It’s not hard to guess who the larger models are designed for.
- Classification by power. You should immediately cut off such false truth, which establishes proportionality between quality and power. Great importance in some cases it can play a cruel joke when cooking. For baking bread, it is important to raise the temperature sharply, but subsequently it should gradually decrease. The oven baking bread warms up quickly, but then difficulties arise at the stage when the product must simmer, since it is difficult to regulate the temperature. When choosing a power value for a future furnace, consider its dimensions. For the smallest values, a power consumption of 800 W is suitable. A stationary electric oven for the kitchen is equipped with heating elements with a total power of 1.5 to 2.5 kW.
- Number of heating elements. The operating mode of the oven depends on the number of heating elements turned on. They can be connected individually or in combination with each other. Any electric oven for baking at home must have at least two heating elements located in the upper and lower parts of the chamber. Only their joint work will lead to high-quality results. This secret was known back in the days of using the Russian stove. Its arch is made in such a way that heat is evenly concentrated in the area where the bread is “planted”.
Bulk baking of buns
- Temperature adjustment. The most simple models The ovens did not even have a temperature regulator. Theoretically, it was possible to bake pies in such an oven, but how inconvenient it was to do this in practice. I had to swap baking sheets, rotate them, and turn off the power. Such models did not last long, since the circuit of an elementary regulator is quite simple. You can set the temperature required in the recipe, and the thermostat will take care of maintaining a constant value.
- Presence of convection. Electric ovens, inside of which it is provided forced convection, are more adapted for baking flour products. It is the movement of air that ensures the distribution of heat throughout the entire volume, and this, in turn, is the main requirement for baking.
- Other functions. The subsequent classification points become less interesting to us, because they do not affect the baking process itself, but only provide convenient handling of the device. The timer produces automatic shutdown oven after a certain time. Some recipes are based on strict temperature control times, so this function relevant when baking biscuits, meringues and other culinary masterpieces. The camera illumination provides visual control of the process. It implies the presence of a glass window or glass door. Furnaces are also classified according to the control method. Instances with mechanical parameter adjustment knobs are considered more reliable. Electronic control complements the device with many small options.
In the previous article we dealt with the homemade one, now let's talk about a blowing stove that consumes only 500 watts of power from the network, but as promised, we will not use network energy, but will power the electric stove from a converter, a detailed description of which we will consider in the next article.
For the electric stove, a spiral with a power of 500 watts was used - from an electric coffee maker. The motor uses a 3-watt motor from a record player made in the Soviet Union.
Fan from microwave oven. The frame is made of plastic and glued with silicone and epoxy resin. In an electric stove, everything is very simple - the motor and the coil are connected in parallel, the coil heats up, and the fan blows on the coil, as a result we get a powerful heat flow.
The spiral is installed or wound on any refractory material; I used clay holders. The stove has legs 5 centimeters long. In general, you can use a more powerful motor with a fan, as well as a powerful coil to obtain a more powerful heat flow. You will learn about the design of the converter and how and with what you can charge powerful batteries that can power an electric oven in our next articles, but for now, see you friends, especially for you - AKA.
Discuss the article HOMEMADE ELECTRIC STOVE
If you have a need for annealing metals, creating ceramics, melting non-ferrous materials, etc. precious metals, you can build yourself such a simple oven. Most of these stoves cost a lot of money; according to the author, in his region prices are in the region of $600-12,000 per stove. In our case, the oven cost only $120, not counting the temperature controller. This small oven can produce temperatures around 1100 o C.
The homemade product is easy to assemble, all the parts are not expensive, and they can also be quickly replaced if the stove malfunctions.
Some craftsmen manage to make in such ovens wedding rings, various talismans, brass knuckles and much more.
Materials and tools for homemade work:
Materials:
- bolts and nuts (8x10, 1/4 inch);
- seven fire bricks (they must be soft as they will need to be grooved, dimensions 4 1/2" x 9" x 2 1/2");
- corner for creating a frame;
- a square sheet of metal for the door (the author used aluminum);
- heating element (you can buy ready-made spirals for the oven, or wind your own from nichrome)
- heat-resistant contact screws for fastening the spiral;
- a piece of good cable (must withstand at least 10A).
From the tools:
- hand drill with a suitable attachment for cutting grooves in brick;
- wrench;
- pliers;
- hacksaw;
- drill;
- wire cutters and more.
The process of making a homemade stove:
Step one. Making grooves
First you need to decide how wide the spiral is; depending on this, the depth and width of future grooves in the bricks are determined. Next, you need to draw them on the brick with a pencil. The author’s grooves are shaped like the letter “U”; there are two grooves of this shape in total, that is, they are cut out on two bricks. On the brick that will be located at the back of the stove, you need to make two parallel grooves as in the photo. As a result, after assembling the furnace, the spiral will receive approximately a “U”-shape.
Step two. Installing the heating element
Before installing the heating element, you need to assemble the bricks, deciding on the size of the stove. Most likely, the bricks that go on the floor of the oven will have to be cut, since two such bricks will form too large a bottom. You can cut them with a grinder with a concrete disc, or even with a regular cutting disc.
Well, then you can install the spiral. Most likely, it first needs to be stretched to the desired length. If you wind the spiral yourself, then you need to calculate how long and thick the wire should be; there is a lot of information on the Internet for this.
Well, then you can lay the stove in the groove. To fix the spiral, the author uses metal brackets, for which holes will need to be made in the brick. Special attention You need to pay attention to connecting the spiral to the wire. Here special screws with ceramic washers must be used, and the screws must be longer. Otherwise, the wire insulation will either constantly burn and stink, or it will constantly burn due to the high temperature.
Our people learned to make such contacts from old car spark plugs when the ancient open-coil electric hot plates were used.
Particular attention should be paid to the choice of material from which the spiral is made. It will depend on this Maximum temperature, which the oven can produce. The spiral must withstand high temperature loads. For such purposes, the author chose a NiCr type wire. Most of such wires are designed for temperatures of about 1340 o C. If you require more high temperatures, then you can choose other types of wire that are suitable for this.
Step three. Making the stove frame
To create a frame you will need a corner; you can use steel or aluminum. Four pieces of aluminum form the legs, and two more go to the bottom to support the weight of all the bricks. You can use not two corners, but four, to create the lower support. However, this is not necessary; in the end, the structure is still tightened with bolts and nuts, these bolts hold the bricks down.
In the upper part of the stove you will need to lay two or one and a half bricks, as well as below. Well, you can see in detail how everything is assembled in the photo.
Step four. Making a door
To create a door you will need a sheet of metal; the author used aluminum. First, you need to draw a square or quadrilateral on the sheet, depending on the size and shape of the door. Next, this square needs to be circled, retreating the necessary distance for attaching the refractory material. Well, then cut out pieces in the corners, as seen in the photo.
The car used Kaowool plate as a fireproof material. It needs to be cut to the size of the previously drawn square. Well, then the slab is laid on the sheet, and the remaining edges of the sheet are folded, thereby holding the slab.
That's all, now the door needs to be hingedly attached to the stove with screws and nuts by drilling a couple of holes. As insulating material You can also use other components. You can make a latch for the door, or you can not.
Step five. We supply electricity
To connect the spiral you need to use good wire with a thick core that can withstand at least 10A. Among other things, the oven is connected through a regulator, which will allow you to maintain the temperature in the desired state. You will also need a stove thermometer, which will help you more accurately monitor the temperature in the stove.