How long does varnish and paint and other coatings dry in hot, cold, or humid weather?

What to do if you need to paint a fence and the outside temperature is below freezing? Just a decade ago, the answer would have been obvious: wait for the weather to warm up. Modern technologies offer coloring compositions for use in cold weather.

To paint or not to paint

First, let's determine whether it is possible to paint the fence in winter, from the point of view of the suitability of materials.

Metal does not change its structure with changes in climate and temperature. The fact is that it does not absorb water, and this is its main advantage. Over time, a fence made of corrugated sheets can only heat up and stretch a little in the linear direction, and when cooled, return to its shape. Metal painting compositions are adapted to this quality - they form an elastic film on the surface.

Painting wooden fence not recommended in winter. The fact is that moisture constantly accumulates between the fibers of wood. At above-zero temperatures, there is a constant exchange of moisture in the wood; in cold weather, the water freezes, expanding the structure of the material; the applied layer of enamel will seal the ice, and when it thaws, the water will repel the paint and the paint will bubble. In addition, the process of active decay will begin.

Painting the wood is possible, but after a test: several strips of wide tape are glued to a clean area of ​​the fence. After a day or two, evaluate the result: if condensation has formed on the surface of the film or inside there is frost, then painting will be pointless. If there is no water loss, the fence can be covered with a layer of enamel.

Features of work in winter

We found out whether it is possible to paint a fence at sub-zero temperatures. The next question is how to carry out work when negative temperatures. There are several basic rules:

• Use only enamels designed for use in winter conditions. Basically, these are solvent-based alkyd paints that do not change their consistency in the cold. Sellers regulate them as paints for metal, but use on wooden surfaces is allowed.
• The surface to be painted must be dry.
• For metals, degreasing with acetone or isopropanol is mandatory.
• It is not recommended to carry out work in the temperature range -5...+50C. At high humidity there is a high probability of condensation.
• The coloring composition must be warm (above 00C). If the structure is large and requires a long time to cover, it is recommended to place the paint bucket in a container with warm water to maintain a convenient consistency of the working composition.
• You can often hear advice: warm up the metal with a hairdryer before painting. It is worth remembering that the material has high heat transfer and instantly cools down in the cold. Therefore, you need to paint with a hair dryer in your hands or abandon this idea.

Ordinary enamels take a long time to dry in the cold - from 3 to 7 days. This should be kept in mind before applying the second coat. Special compositions dry in 1 hour.

Review of effective enamels for use in winter

Exists a large number of specially developed coloring compositions for work at low temperatures. They differ from the usual ones:

• Do not freeze in the cold;
• Form an elastic layer even in extreme conditions;
• Suitable for wood and metal;
• Combines anti-corrosion, fire-fighting, anti-fungal (for wood) properties;
• Dries quickly compared to conventional compounds.

The main selection criterion is the temperature range of application. And price, of course, matters.

We will look at the main compositions suitable for painting simple structures.

SEVERON

JSC Alp-Emal - large domestic manufacturer paint and varnish coatings, supplies the market with the most widely used composition SEVERON, it is used for painting large objects of national importance (oil pipelines, construction cranes, bridges, power lines, etc.).

The coating is fire-resistant, forms a slightly flammable film, resistant to high temperature+150°C. The lower stability threshold is -60°C.

Painting a metal fence with Severon enamel does not require additional priming, and two or three layers can be applied in one day.

Price - about 130 rubles/liter.

Primer enamel SEREROL

The product of the same Alp-Enamel plant is compatible with different materials, has similar characteristics:

Enamel does not require a primer, but the surface must be cleaned of dirt and grease. Application is carried out with the usual devices - rollers, brushes. Contact with skin should not be prolonged.

Price - about 160 rubles / liter.

ORTAMET

This winter-hardy composition is suitable for covering a rusted fence. It is applied at temperatures down to -15°C with any tools. The active base transforms pockets of corrosion into reliable protective covering dark brown or black. Suitable for use on any metals. To ensure effective application and obtain the ideal effect, it is necessary to remove old peeling paint from the fence. Touch-drying time is 2-3 hours, layer polymerization is about a day under unfavorable conditions.

Price - about 140 rubles / liter.

ZIMAPRIM

Special composition resistant to chemical reagents. This can be recommended in areas where roads are abundantly sprinkled with smelting substances. If your fence is constantly in contact with treated snow, its outer side can be treated with Zimaprim. The paint is expensive - about 230 rubles per liter.

Quick-drying anti-rust primer "ANTIKOR" winter

Universal enamel for metal, wood, concrete and stone.

The coating is resistant to absolute humidity and a wide temperature range from -60 to + 300°C.

The preparation of the base is carried out using the usual method: removing old paint, sanding, degreasing. Application is carried out with a roller, brush or spray. The average price of anticorrosion primer enamel is 190 rubles/liter.

Zinc-filled primer enamel “CITAN”

This composition is suitable for low-carbon steel fences. The paint forms a matte protective film that prevents the penetration of moisture and hides defects in the metal surface.

Primer enamel FESTPRO XC-7200 ®

There are silicon-containing, chemical-resistant and weather-resistant preparations for winter application, but they are intended for painting industrial facilities that are constantly in contact with aggressive environments. Such enamels are expensive and it is irrational to use them for fences.

Conclusion

Painting a fence in winter is possible, the main thing is to properly prepare the surface and choose the composition. The list of colors is not limited to the above list. Read the instructions when selecting the desired composition; this is the main source that will provide information on the use and method of applying the drug to the surface.

Facade weatherproof paint SEVEROL has increased resistance to UV radiation, fast drying time, high resistance to vapor permeation and good waterproofing properties. Apply at temperatures from minus 30 ° C and high relative humidity.

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Universal two-pack anti-corrosion chemical-resistant paint "ZIMAPRIM"

Application area: Universal two-pack anti-corrosion chemical-resistant primer-enamel paint "ZIMAPRIM" is intended as a self-priming anti-corrosion coating for anti-corrosion protection of steel, galvanized, concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Forms a water-resistant and chemical-resistant anti-corrosion coating that can withstand prolonged exposure to water and mineral acids of medium and high concentrations (sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, hydrofluoric). Recommended for anti-corrosion protection of internal surfaces of technological equipment and pipelines working in contact with mineral acids, structures exposed to pouring and spraying, reinforced concrete foundations and embankments for equipment, trays, floors, stairs of industrial premises with low traffic intensity (laboratories, workshops, warehouses, etc.). P.).

Conditions of use: mix the components of the two-part universal paint ZIMAPRIM, mix thoroughly. The paint is ready for use. If necessary, dilute with a solvent (orthaxylol, R-5, R-12, butyl acetate) no more than 1/5 by volume. The temperature range for applying paint is from -30°C to +35°C.

Surface preparation: The surface to be treated must be dry and free of contaminants.

Consumption: 0.23 kg/m2.

Drying time: interlayer drying for 1-2 hours.

Cleaning the instrument: Upon completion of painting work, wash the tool with solvent.

Precautionary measures: thoroughly ventilate the room after finishing work. Use individual means protection, short contact with skin is acceptable.

Storage conditions: store in a tightly closed container, protect from moisture.

Warranty period of storage: 12 months from the date of manufacture.

Technological regulations:

Preparation of the metal surface, application and curing of the protective insulating 2k coating “ZIMAPRIM” at subzero temperatures.

1. Remove obvious rust mechanically. It is advisable to carry out chemical treatment with Ortamet. Wash off and degrease the metal surface after treatment. For washing, solvents R-5 or Ortho xylene are recommended.
2. Immediately before applying the coating, it is recommended to moisten the surface with a brush or spray with the specialized TDR solvent included in the material. This is necessary for better adhesion, as well as for replacing moisture, ice and frost from the metal surface with a solvent. In case of obvious ice, first wet the surface with solvent and spray the surface with a torch from a propane torch.
3. Weather conditions such as snow, blizzard, and freezing rain will affect appearance surfaces. The best conditions for carrying out work in winter will be windless sunny weather from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.
4. Component A and component B must be mixed in portions, stirred, left for 15-25 minutes and filtered through a nylon filter element of a cone or bag type. The pot life of the mixture is four to six hours. Preferably applied with a velor roller. Airless application by machine is allowed high pressure at 300 bar.
5. When carrying out painting work, it is necessary to have a comb-type thickness gauge. The wet layer thickness should be 120-150 microns. Touch-drying at -20C will occur in no more than two to three hours, and primary polymerization at a temperature of -20C will take no more than three days. In case of urgent need, it can be applied wet on wet with an interval of 3 hours between layers.

Surface preparation for coating operation in temperate climate zones

If, when examined without magnifying instruments, the surface is free from oil, grease and dirt, as well as from easily separated mill scale, corrosion, paint coatings and foreign particles, then when preparing the surface, you can limit yourself to a metal brush and a chisel without mordant and without abrasive blast cleaning: St2 - Thorough manual mechanical cleaning.

Due to the fact that solventborne acrylic copolymers reject oils and greases, it is necessary to ensure that the ADHESION and IMPACT HARDNESS indicators are maintained. REMOVE COMPLETELY residues of rolling oil and coolant from products made of cold-rolled and chopped material. Please note that lubricants may be disguised as minor corrosion. If we apply the ORTAMET mordant on such a surface, we will see how the corrosion is compressed into phosphate, and the lubricant is released in free form. PROHIBITED! the use of white spirit, solvent, gasoline, even for degreasing and washing instruments.

For confident use in temperate (U) climatic zones, it is necessary to carry out a series of preparatory procedures, namely:
1 - surface preparation to St2 - “Thorough manual mechanical cleaning” when viewed without magnifying devices, the surface must be free of oil, grease and dirt, as well as easily separated mill scale, corrosion, paint coatings and foreign particles (3.1, note 1 ) (photos B St 2, C St 2 and D St 2 according to the standard). GOST R ISO 8501-1-2014;

5 - decline

SEVERON applied in 2 - 4 layers with a total coating thickness of 200 to 400 microns. In two layers on clean or primed metal. In three to four layers when applied to surfaces with traces of primary corrosion.

Surface preparation for coating operation at a temperature of -60° in HL and UHL climatic zones

Primer enamel Severon, like polymer film, retains its performance at temperatures from -60C° to +125C°.

When operating at low temperatures down to -60C°, very important role plays the state of the surface you select.

Hot-rolled surfaces show the best results. Surfaces made of cold-rolled and chopped materials, surfaces with varying degrees of oxidation and scale, as well as previously painted surfaces require careful preparation!

For reliable operation of the coating in the conditions of HL and UHL climatic zones at temperatures down to -60C°, it is necessary to carry out a number of preparatory procedures, namely:
1 - surface preparation to Sa 2? - “Ultra-thorough abrasive blast cleaning”, when inspected without the use of magnifying devices, the surface after cleaning must be free of oil, grease and dirt, as well as mill scale, corrosion, paint coatings and foreign particles. Any remaining traces of cleaning are allowed in the form of pale spots, dots or stripes (photos A Sa 2 ½, B Sa 2 ½, C Sa 2 ½ and D Sa 2 ½ according to the standard)" GOST R ISO 8501-1-2014.
2 - etching according to GOST 9.402-2004;
3 - R-12, ORTHOXYLENE, CAPILLAR TU 20.30.12-018-81212828-2017 (* special attention cold-rolled and chopped products);
4 - immediately 20-40 minutes before applying paintwork, remove moisture and ice by “wet drying” with “CAPILAR” material or solvents R-5, R-12;
5 - decline surface tension forces for the best adhesion - CAPILAR TU 20.30.12-018-81212828-2017.

The application method must be strictly followed:

SEVERON is used for critical work; it prevents corrosion for a long time; it can be applied directly to metal. Does not require preliminary priming. Without preliminary priming, the number of layers of material should be increased. Applying a primer layer directly to the metal using pneumatic spraying should be avoided! To create an anti-corrosion layer directly on the metal, the method of airless spraying with high-pressure apparatus, higher than 300 bar, is suitable. (list of recommended devices from 300 bar)

SEVERON is applied in 2-4 layers with a total coating thickness of 200 to 400 microns. For operation at temperatures of -60C°, a minimum of three layers must be applied.

For confident use at temperatures of -60°, it is prohibited to add to Severon before application, provided for temperate zones solvents!

If the paint does peel off from the product, it is necessary to examine the layer that was directly close to the metal under a microscope. Due to the fact that solvent-based acrylic copolymers reject oils and greases, it is necessary to COMPLETELY REMOVE the remaining rolling oil and coolant from products made from cold-rolled and chopped material. Please note that lubricants may be disguised as minor corrosion. If we apply the ORTAMET mordant on such a surface, we will see how the corrosion is compressed into phosphate, and the lubricant is released in free form. PROHIBITED! the use of white spirit, solvent, gasoline, even for degreasing and washing instruments.

Previously, before the start of preparation for painting, the engineering and technical department or OGT department must issue a technological map “Anti-corrosion protection of metal structures based on primer enamel Severon AkCh-1711.” The site foreman must be personally responsible for compliance technological map when performing work.

CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY	COATING COMPLEX ZIMAPRIM

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"ORTAMET" - metal phosphating composition;
anti-corrosion rust converter

Phosphating solution “ORTAMET” can be applied directly to rust even in cold weather (down to -15 °C). Surface treatment with ORTAMET solution can be done with a brush, roller or spray in factory or production conditions. The “ORTAMET” solution is applied to the surface and left in air until the surface dries completely. ORTAMET solution converts rust on the metal surface into durable coating black-brown in color, consisting mainly of iron phosphates, which creates a protective film on the surface. This protective film It is a barrier to the emergence of new foci of corrosion and at the same time an adhesive primer for further application of paintwork materials. Due to its ease of use and the use of non-toxic and non-toxic components, phosphating based on orthophosphoric acid is most widely used in industry. Treatment with ORTAMET solution can be carried out at subzero temperatures environment(up to -15 °C). Phosphating solution “ORTAMET” is supplied in 5 kg buckets.
Phosphating rust modifier for treating steel, zinc, cadmium, copper, aluminum and cast iron surfaces before applying paintwork. The basis of ORTHAMET is orthophosphoric acid, corrosion inhibitors, special additives.

Purpose: protection of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, metal surfaces and products from corrosion due to the conversion of rust into a protective phosphate film, forming chemically bonded layers of insoluble phosphate salts of iron, zinc and manganese.
Cold phosphating with ORTAMET provides high adhesive strength, anti-corrosion and weather resistance, and high adsorption of the paint and varnish coating. Significantly extends the life of the paintwork. Gives anti-friction, electrical insulating and extrusion properties. Easy to apply and environmentally friendly. ORTAMET converts rust on the metal surface into a durable silver-black to black-brown coating (consisting mainly of secondary and tertiary iron phosphates).
ORTAMET rust converter is used both for primary painting and for thick layers of rust.

Application area: metallurgy, mechanical engineering and shipbuilding, energy and oil and gas industries.

Mode of application: ORTAMET is applied to a dry, clean surface. If necessary, degrease the surface. Painting should be done after the treated surface has completely dried.

Waiting time before applying paintwork (drying/blueing): at a temperature of - 5 ° C for at least 30 minutes, at - 15 ° C for up to 10 hours. Drying can also be carried out at a higher temperature, for example 130 ° C (about 3 minutes). The final paint coating should be applied no later than 2 days after the rust converter has dried. Application temperature: from +5 °C to +40 °C.

Application method: brush, roller, spraying, dipping.

Consumption: 40-60 g/m2 - depending on the method of application and the shape of the surface.

Precautionary measures: during and after completion interior work ventilate the room. Use personal protective equipment.

Storage: Store in a tightly closed container, protected from sunlight. Storage temperature from -20 °C to +40 °C. ORTAMET is non-flammable and non-explosive. Guaranteed shelf life in original packaging is 3 years from the date of manufacture.

Photo gallery of objects painted with frost-resistant coatings

paint for metal in cold weather,protection of coatings in frost	enamel on metal in the cold,corrosion protection
	SEVERON at subzero temperatures (Achinsk)
SEVERON at negative t (Achinsk)	SEVERON after winter (Achinsk)
TU 2388-002-81212828-2013

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Industrial and construction complexes in our country do not take breaks during the winter, which means that the paint and varnish industry must meet similar requirements. Although most enamels and varnishes require application at temperatures above 0°C, modern technologies allow the production of a number of materials suitable for dyeing even in the cold season.

Regardless of the material that is selected depending on the needs, the application itself when sub-zero temperatures has a number of features.

Firstly, important factor When painting in the cold season, surface preparation is essential. If metal is to be painted, then it must be thoroughly cleaned of condensation and ice. And since in most cases it is impossible to cope with brushes and scrapers thin layer ice, it is recommended to additionally heat the surface with a gas burner torch.

Secondly, painting should be avoided at temperatures between -5°C and 5°C, since it is in this temperature range that condensation and dew form on the metal surface. To avoid moisture condensation, the temperature of the surface to be painted must be at least 3°C ​​above the dew point.

Thirdly, in winter, it is advisable to degrease metal surfaces with acetone or solvents R-4 or R-5.

Fourthly, even if the manufacturer allows painting at temperatures below 0°C, such weather conditions cannot but affect the drying time of the coating - compared to the indicators specified in the quality certificate, it will increase by 2 or even 3 times.

Separate mention should be made of the storage of enamel - regardless of its composition, it should be stored exclusively in a warm room; in the future, the surface to be painted and the paint should be at the same temperature. If possible, the surface to be painted must be heated.

The choice of paint and varnish material also needs to be taken extremely seriously, because the final result - the durability and functionality of the resulting coating - depends on this choice.

Paints and varnishes that can be painted at subzero temperatures:

Enamel KO-870- heat-resistant anti-corrosion enamel KO-870 is intended for protective painting of equipment and metal surfaces exposed during operation to temperatures from -60°C to + 600°C. Heat-resistant enamel has excellent resistance to aggressive environments: petroleum products, salt solutions, mineral oils.

The enamel can be applied at temperatures as low as -30°C.

Facade enamel KO-174- intended for protective and decorative painting of facades of buildings and structures (concrete, asbestos-cement, brick, plastered surfaces), as well as for anti-corrosion protection of metal surfaces operated in atmospheric conditions, including high humidity. Apply at temperatures from -30°C to +40°C.

Organosilicate composition OS-12-03- enamel for protecting metal structures from atmospheric corrosion, as well as corrosion in gas environments with a slightly aggressive degree of exposure. Application temperature range from -30°С to +40°С.

Primer-enamel XB-0278- chemical-resistant primer-enamel for painting metal surfaces with residues of scale and stubborn rust. Application temperature from -10°C to +25°C.
Primer-enamel “Spetskor”” - the coating based on primer-enamel is resistant to ultraviolet rays, hydrophobic, has good vapor and air permeability, moisture resistance, frost resistance down to -60°C.

Apply to the surface at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20°C

Enamel XB-124- for painting primed metal surfaces, as well as wooden surfaces, operated in atmospheric conditions. The enamel is applied at temperatures from -10° to +35°C.

Enamel XB-785- for protection in a complex multi-layer coating of pre-primed equipment surfaces, metal structures, as well as concrete and reinforced concrete building structures, operated indoors, from exposure to aggressive gases, acids, solutions of salts and alkalis at a temperature not exceeding 60°C. The enamel is applied at temperatures from -10° to +35°C.

I went to a seminar organized by the Publishing House “Origami” magazine “Cleaning.Painting”, held in St. Petersburg on November 14-15, 2011 under the title “Practice of applying paint and varnish coatings at subzero temperatures.”

In addition to listening to information that was well known to me about the types of corrosion and how to deal with it, about Wiwa painting equipment, which I will talk about later in the Equipment section, where I have already described my experience with many painting machines, and showed a small master class on staining corrugated sheets.

I also listened to a very interesting lecture by technologists from the Morozov Chemical Plant about applying paint at subzero temperatures.

Morozov Chemical Plant is the oldest Russian enamels production enterprise. It was he who began producing heat-resistant enamels of the well-known types KO and OS. I will also talk about enamels, but later, in the Materials section. I think it will be interesting.

I had a long-standing correspondence relationship with MHZ. It was very nice to meet you in real life. In their professional approach to AKZ, no doubt. Just look at the trips of the chief technologist of the MHZ Urvantseva G. to many objects where they are painted with enamels, her constant consultations and technical supervision of the painting production at the objects. A huge number of grateful reviews about MHZ.

So, returning to the main topic of the seminar.

Paints can be applied at sub-zero temperatures. To do this, the following conditions must be met:

1) You cannot paint at a temperature of +-5 degrees. C. This is due to the formation of condensation, dew, on the metal surface. In general, this temperature is the worst for painting with any paints.

2) The surface to be painted and the paint must be at the same temperature. When airless spraying warm paint onto a cold surface, condensation also forms when materials of two different temperatures come into contact. Even if we all understand that painting using the airless method occurs very quickly, condensation nevertheless forms.

3) The question of how to paint concrete surfaces at subzero temperatures requires additional consideration.

Of course, a lot has been said about the fact that it is possible to paint with OS and KO enamels produced by MHZ, down to -10 degrees C, without loss of quality, but I did not have to work with them at such a temperature.

I had to work with enamels:

PF-115 and ХВ-0278, at temperatures from -0 to -10 degrees. S. It was simply cold to work further. I painted it in a cold room, using paint that was stored there.

HV -174 on outdoors at a temperature of 0, + 5 degrees C metal structures of the same temperature, paint stored at the same temperature.

PF-100 in a room at a temperature of -5, + 7 degrees C, which was eventually raised to +12 degrees C

As seen, temperature regime was not observed everywhere.

As a result:

Application:- the same as always.

Drying:ХВ 0278, 2-3 hours (same as always)

PF-100 - drying 2-3 days (according to the passport - a day)

PF – 115 drying from 7-10 days or more (according to the passport – a day)

ХВ -174, same as always, drying time 2-3 hours.

Polymerization:ХВ 0278, 5-7 days (same as always).

PF-100, 5 days.

PF – 115, not known. When we left the site, it was not yet dry :)

HB -174, drying 2-3 hours (same as always).

Exploitation: XB 0278 has been standing for more than a year, without any coating defects.

PF-100, negative reviews no, it is impossible to enter the painting area

PF - 115, stood for half a year, in the fall it began to fly off like burdocks.

ХВ -174, stood for a year. It started flying off like burdocks.

It is worth noting that enamels PF-100 and XB-0278 are classified as primer enamels for rust. They have additional additives in their formula and have an order of magnitude different cost. Although I am skeptical about coatings such as primer-enamel for rust, nevertheless, in these conditions they showed the best results.

PF-115, based on Russian SNIP, is not recommended for painting metal structures used in industrial environments. Therefore, the legality of the project for painting PF-115 and metal structures is in great doubt. Even if the application conditions were met at subzero temperatures, it behaved in the most odorous manner.

An example of painting XB-174, which in its plastic properties does not differ from XB-0278, showed non-compliance with technology and the result was not long in coming.

Thus, on personal practical experience from my observations, I can confirm, high-quality coating It can be done at sub-zero temperatures. The main thing is not to carry out painting work at + – 5 degrees. WITH.

Let's understand the terms

To most woodworkers, the words "thinner" and "solvent" seem synonymous, but these two types of liquids should not be confused with different properties. Solvents dissolve other substances, and thinners only reduce their viscosity, making the application process easier. For example, wax dissolves in white spirit, so white spirit is a solvent for wax. However, white spirit is not capable of dissolving varnish resins. It simply fills the gaps between the varnish molecules, pushing them apart, and reduces the viscosity of the composition, which becomes more fluid and easy to apply with a brush. Therefore, for alkyd and oil varnish White spirit is a thinner.

On cans with any composition it is indicated optimal time for drying compositions (varnishes, paints, etc.), which meets the conditions that are available only for a short period of time, i.e. - temperature 20°C and above, air humidity less than 70%.

But what should other craftsmen do, living, for example, in a hot or cold or humid climate? Will the finish in this area dry out or wrinkle?

Brief information about drying coatings

Finishing compositions are divided into three groups according to the type of drying; The more complex the processes that occur during drying, the more difficult it is to achieve a good result in non-ideal conditions. We describe these types starting with the simple ones.

Drying outcompositions varnish, such as shellac or nitro varnish, simply dry and, when the solvent evaporates, form a hard film on the surface of the wood. Compositions of this type are the least sensitive to unfavorable application and drying conditions.

Reactive compounds such as alkyd oil varnish, dry in two stages. First, the solvent evaporates and the composition becomes sticky (the so-called touch-drying phase). Then it happens chemical reaction(polymerization) of molecules of resinous substances with oxygen, causing the formation of a surface film. As the temperature drops, the reaction slows down and drying can take a very long time.

Coalescingcompositions On a wave basis they dry in three stages. First of all, the solvent (vola) dries quickly, then the organic diluents evaporate a little more slowly, thanks to which the droplets of the composition exist in the form of a dispersion. And finally, these droplets, left without water and diluents, merge with each other and harden (coalesce), forming a film.

Due to the different ratio of diluents and solvents in different compositions their evaporation rate varies, and drying time depends largely on the temperature and humidity of the surrounding air. As can be seen from the Sirin table, the drying time of the compositions is water based increases significantly with decreasing temperature, so you should follow the manufacturer's instructions as closely as possible.

It must be remembered that due to differences in the components of the formulations, these instructions may vary significantly between different manufacturers, and even from the same manufacturer (for example, brush-on polyurethane and spray-on polyurethane).

A common property for all three groups of compositions is that the solvent or thinner must completely evaporate so that the composition can completely dry.

And this happens most successfully in warmth and low relative humidity.

Cold air? Make him move

One way to speed up the drying of a coating in a cold workshop is to create an air flow. In hot laziness streams warm air move upward on their own, and cooler air will mix them at the surface of the product. But in cold weather, the air is almost still, and drying slows down, since there is almost no change in air at the surface.

By creating even a slight air flow, you can ensure regular replacement of air at the surface, which will carry away more thinner or solvent vapors. At the same time, it will constantly blow the surface with oxygen, necessary for chemical polymerization in reactive compositions. Create a steady air flow in the workshop, but do not point fans directly at the product as shown in the illustration.

Don't complain about the weather, do something

Depending on the weather, you can choose a different finishing method or change the properties of the finishing composition. For example, in hot weather, you can thin the composition with an appropriate solvent or thinner to increase drying time and avoid brush marks. However, this will require more layers of coating to create the required film thickness and achieve the desired gloss level. In addition, the longer the coating takes to dry, the more dust will settle on its wet and sticky surface.

For the sake of significantly speeding up the finishing process during the cold season (for example, you are in a hurry to finish the work with New Year's gifts that need to be completely dried, packaged and put down the Christmas tree in one or two days), it is better to immediately choose others finishing compounds. Shellac, nitro varnish or varnish polish dries faster than other products at low temperatures. However, it is best to do finishing when it is not too cold, not too hot and not too humid. And before you dip your brush into a can or prime your paint gun, make sure the wood, the finish, and the surrounding air are at the same temperature.

MASTER'S ADVICE

How to work with finishing compounds and store them all year round

• If your workshop is not heated, in the fall, move all jars of finishing compounds (especially water-based ones) to warm room, and return them to the workshop in the spring.
• Do not store jars of finishing compounds and glue in cold concrete floor in the basement.
• To heat the finishing composition to room temperature, place the jar in hot water (photo below) or place it next to the radiator for a few minutes. Do not heat the compound above the temperature of the wood you are going to apply it to. Do not use open flame for heating.
• After applying the composition, maintain a stable temperature in the room until the coating dries completely.
• If the workshop has a system installed air heating, in order to save money, you should not turn on the circulation of warm air indoors. It is necessary to ensure an influx fresh air from the street, warming it to room temperature.
• Use a dehumidifier if your workshop is located in a damp basement.
• Do not apply another coat of coating unless the previous one is completely dry.
• Select best time for finishing. As a rule, air temperature and humidity are lower in the morning. Never try to speed up drying by exposing the product to a sunlit area.

Drying time varies depending on whether it is hot or cold

Above: We conducted a series of tests on a cold autumn day. First applied to scraps oak boards various finishing compounds in a warm workshop and then in a cold garage. Eventually all the samples dried, but as the temperature dropped, drying took much longer. For example, for drying polyurethane on oil based it took three and a half times longer in a cold garage at 5°C than in a warm workshop at 21°C. The fastest drying coatings in both cases were shellac and nitro varnish in an aerosol can.

For the “how long it dries” test we used: