Frame houses with floors and ceilings. Correct flooring on the ground in a wooden frame house

The construction of buildings for any purpose is impossible without fundamental structural elements. A number of such components primarily include the foundation and floor, which are the basis of the entire house.

Peculiarities

Device frame structure also includes a range of floor installation works. A properly designed foundation, made using high-quality building materials, will in the future help eliminate the loss and release of heat through the floors, and as a result will preserve comfortable temperature for home owners.

Based on the features of construction technology frame houses, the foundation of buildings can be of the following types:

structure built on screw piles– this option is ideal for soft soil where construction is planned;
concrete pillars, the installation of which should be carried out in harder soil;
strip foundation;
a structure created from a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, which is laid on a durable sand bed.

Selection and construction of one type of foundation for frame house are the first step in the construction of such a building. Experts recommend carefully selecting wood to create the frame of a house, taking into account climatic conditions, as well as a number of others important points, since such houses are a capital structure that can be fully exploited for a long time.

Most often for floor installation work in frame house prefer coniferous wood due to the fact that the raw material has high durability and low cost. Logs made from aspen or oak are expensive products due to their higher quality characteristics.

To work with the subfloor, it is necessary to purchase well-dried raw materials, since humidity helps to reduce the size of the products, which leads to the appearance of gaps between the laid products.

The foundation in a frame house is made by installing a rough and finished floor. You can make a subfloor using OSB boards, which are fixed to the lower parts of the frame and joists. After that, the remaining materials responsible for creating the floor in the frame house are laid on the created surface. It is this technology that is used to create a structural foundation pie.

The subfloor is laid according to the following principle:

On top of the building's foundation, logs are laid, pre-treated with an antiseptic. It is worth choosing raw materials that are more moisture-resistant, for example, larch, since it is least susceptible to rotting;
The section of the board is selected based on the distance between the walls. If it is quite large, then it is worth increasing the cross-section of the products or making additional support from concrete or brick pedestals;

the main task is to achieve so much solid foundation, to wooden joists did not sag under loads when people moved along them or under the weight of installed furniture;
the frequency of steps when laying wood should be determined based on the dimensions of the laid OSB boards;
a beam is nailed to the bottom of the logs, on which the edged board is laid;
all sections of the subfloor must contain waterproofing in the form of a film;
in addition, the gaps between the joists are filled with insulation, which is covered vapor barrier material and moisture-resistant plywood.

A finishing base is installed on top of the subfloor. It is a finishing coating, which can be in the form of parquet or parquet boards, ceramic tiles or laminate.

Kinds

The floor in a frame house can be arranged in several ways. The choice in favor of one option or another will be based on the frequency of residence in it. So, in a country house the issue of creating a floor base is approached somewhat more simply, but in buildings frame type, which are being built for permanent residence, it is most often necessary to do additional insulation, which consists of installing a heated floor system. Taking into account the configuration and type of existing foundation, as well as financial capabilities, several types of flooring can be distinguished.

Monolithic floor

This base is made on a concrete screed. The design has the following positive qualities:

long service life;
the foundation is ready for installation of a heated floor system.

Concrete screed performed after a series preparatory activities, such as:

soil leveling work;
creating a sand cushion;
laying a layer of crushed stone on a sand cushion.

Fill the screed in such a way that there are no voids left on the resulting surface. As a rule, it takes about 3 weeks for the black base to completely harden.

After work on creating the screed, the cut of the pie can be represented as follows:

a cushion of sand and a layer of crushed stone;
screed with waterproofing and insulation;
vapor barrier material;
heated floor design;
finishing screed and flooring.

Frame floor

This structure is erected on columnar, pile and strip foundation. Its features lie in the creation of a structure of load-bearing and intermediate beams and joists. Work on arranging a frame type floor begins with preparatory work related to the installation of beds. They are boards that are laid on the foundation with waterproofing material. In addition, anchor bolts are attached to the products.

The method of laying the beds makes it possible to obtain a hard and robust construction. In the beds, additional cuts are made for the joists. The cross-section of products for each room and floor may be different. Experts recommend using beams with a cross-section of 100x250 mm for the first floor, 70x200 mm for the second floor, and for bathrooms and showers you should purchase material with a cross-section of 50x150 mm. Boards are attached to the joists, on which the subfloor is subsequently installed.

The cross-section of the floor pie on stilts looks like this:

OSB boards 6 mm thick;
waterproofing and sound insulation;
insulation;
OSB shield;
extruded polystyrene foam.

For country houses the frame floor pie consists of the above components, including the following additional elements, How:

foamed foam backing;
gypsum fiber sheets;
any finishing coating.

For the bathroom and kitchen, as well as any other rooms where the humidity level in the room is high and heating is required winter period, the pie will look like this:

vapor barrier material;
reinforcing mesh;
heated floor contours;
waterproofing;
screed;
a layer of foil polystyrene foam;
finishing base.

In buildings where it is planned permanent residence, the installation of a heated floor is mandatory. In this case, the floor design will be as follows:

aluminum plates;
underfloor heating system;
foam substrate and gypsum fiber board;
any type of finishing base.

Installation

You can install a frame floor on your own only if you have everything at hand. necessary tools, and there is also a clear understanding of the recommended standards and rules for performing work. The flooring is made from materials that are selected based on the individual preferences of the owner of the building.

Opting for decorative coating made of tongue and groove boards, you should take into account the technology of its installation, which includes the following steps:

the material is laid across the floor joists;
products are fixed using nails;
upon completion of installation, the floor is scraped;
The final stage of work is coating the boards with varnish.

Important: in addition to boards, quite often they prefer to make flooring from plywood.

The sheet installation technology is carried out according to the following scheme:

Marking and arrangement of products is carried out taking into account that the joints of materials will be on the logs;
logs are processed adhesive composition, lay the plywood, attaching the sheets using self-tapping screws or nails. Treatment with glue will eliminate the formation of squeaks during operation of the house;
a small ventilation gap should be left so that when the humidity level increases, the base does not deform;
where various communications and pipes pass, you need to make special holes in the plywood sheets;
The edges of the material are aligned along the binding board, and the products are marked and trimmed.

Upon completion of the work on arranging the floor in the frame house, they begin work on creating the frame of the walls and roof, followed by cladding the house.

To install the floor on the second floor of a frame building, you should follow the recommendations for performing the work, which are somewhat different from the technology for creating the floor on the first floor.

It should be noted that the main task of the floors on the second floor will be to create high-quality sound insulation. Therefore, instead of the usual insulation in the interfloor ceiling, it is necessary to use a soundproofing layer. The most suitable raw material for such work will be sand, which meets necessary characteristics, and in addition is an excellent heat accumulator. It is important high level floor rigidity.

To ensure such qualities, the base, in addition to beams, should be strengthened with lags, which will add strength to the structure.

The technology for installing the floor on the second floor involves performing the following work:

installation of the rough foundation to the interfloor beams;
laying waterproofing and vapor barrier;
Insulation and raw materials providing sound insulation are installed in the gaps between the beams. In some cases, expanded clay is used instead of sand;
floor joists are installed on the beams;

the distance between the logs is carefully filled with raw materials for insulation. For such purposes, mineral wool or any other material is usually used. construction material, having high non-flammability indicators;
A waterproofing film is laid on top of the insulation, which will prevent the formation of moisture leakage to the first floor in the event of unforeseen situations, for example, a leak in the roof;
the pie is sewn up with a board, plywood or other material suitable for further work on laying the finishing flooring.

The construction of a frame house consists of many stages. Each of them is important in its own way and has certain characteristics. The flooring of a wooden frame house on screw piles is no exception, which requires planning, selection of material and proper insulation. The principles of arranging it with your own hands include taking into account the characteristics of the material from which the structures are built, as well as the loads that the floor will have to endure.

Features of a screw pile foundation

Most often in our country, frame houses are placed on a pile foundation. This is due to the fact that, at a fairly low cost, it is suitable for most types of soil. It can also be arranged with my own hands owner.

Main principle Such a foundation consists in the fact that along the line of the future partitions of the structure, piles of a length corresponding to the type of soil on the site are placed. The main principle for selecting the length of the pile is that it should go half a meter deeper than the horizon with stable soils.

The optimal distance between piles is two meters. This is quite enough for it to stand normally two-storey house average area. In some cases, the distance is reduced. It should not exceed a maximum of three meters.

Piles are made from of stainless steel. Their diameter must be at least 108 mm - in this case they can withstand a load of up to 9 tons. There are also thicker piles, but they are usually used for stone, monolithic structures.

Before you start driving piles, you need to thoroughly prepare the area for work. To do this, it must be cleared of plants and debris. If there is curvature, straighten it.

Also, you need to apply markings that correspond to the layout of the future home.

Screwing piles into the ground often does not require the use of special equipment, since there is a special thread at their end. To install them, it is enough to use the mechanical force of two people, one of whom must hold the pile in a vertical position.

What materials can you choose for the floor?

The construction of a floor in a frame house begins with the choice of the material from which it will be made. To do this, many factors are taken into account, including where the house is located, what its dimensions will be, and the type of foundation. The correct choice of floor construction materials determines how long the structure will last and how comfortable life will be in it.

The floor in an ordinary frame house on screw piles is made of wood. This is due to the fact that this material is the main one in the construction of the entire structure of the first floor. Often, people choose between two or three breeds:

Coniferous wood;
Oak;
Aspen.

Each of them has its own advantages. At the same time, of course, coniferous wood(especially pine) is the most affordable in our country.

The advantage of pine needles is that it combines a low price with fairly good durability. Well-dried and properly processed building material made from it will last for quite a long time and without any problems. In addition, finding pine beams will not be difficult in any region. Its main drawback is comparative. Pine is somewhat softer and requires repair more quickly than some hardwoods.

The most popular hardwoods in the construction of frame house structures are oak and aspen. They live longer than conifers, stronger than them and therefore more expensive. Sometimes they are used to construct the floor frame and first floor structures of the most important premises houses, even if in other cases everything is built from pine. For example, the use of oak in bedroom designs is popular.

In addition to the species, when choosing wood it is important to pay attention to its other mechanical characteristics. So, it should not only be durable, but also sufficiently well dried. If the beams are wet, this will lead to rotting of the structure even in the case of well-designed waterproofing. Even if the owner is lucky and there are no fungi or rot, cracks will appear on the timber as it dries.

If timber is used for the frame, then boards are used to lay the subfloor. A two-meter tongue-and-groove board of sufficient thickness is best suited for this. Its big advantage, in addition to its strength, is the absence of the need to perform finishing grinding work, which will significantly reduce labor costs and speed up construction.

To correctly calculate the material, in addition to the area of the house, all kinds of force majeure circumstances and additional work. Therefore, they order about 10% more timber and boards than the design requires.

Material is often purchased in batches, which avoids discrepancies in the characteristics, texture and color of the wood.

For flooring

After the floor of a wooden frame house on stilts has been completed in draft, begin preparations for laying the flooring. It all starts, as in the previous case, with the choice of material with which to cover the floor.

The main criteria for choosing flooring are:

Budget;
Interior features;
The type of room in which it is placed.

Yes, they exist like expensive types flooring, and quite budget-friendly. If the interior of the house is designed in classic style, then it makes sense to pay attention, for example, to parquet. But it can be extremely expensive. At the same time, for modern interior fit various options tiles and laminates.

It is important to pay attention to the exact room in which the finished floor will be laid. If we are talking about a boiler room or a kitchen, then it makes no sense to spend money on something very expensive. On the other hand, the floor there must withstand workload and easy to clean. And the flooring in the bathroom should be selected taking into account constant exposure to moisture.

When choosing a coating for a finished floor, it is worth considering the number of feet that will walk on it. If a lot of people live in a house or there are always guests in it, then you should think about the resistance of the selected material to abrasion and other loads.

Having children can also make adjustments to this process.

For residential premises, most consumers choose between:

Glued parquet boards;
Solid parquet boards;
Parquet;
Solid wood boards;
Laminate.

The last option is the cheapest, but also less environmentally friendly among the entire list. Despite the fact that it is based on pressed wood, for additional protection it is covered with a layer of special varnishes and adhesives, which make it quite durable, but also in many ways an artificial material.

Glued parquet boards are considered the most affordable option natural parquet. Unlike its other types, it is glued together from several layers of very thin wood material. Such a board can be either two-layer or three-layer. In this case, the lower and upper layers must be from the same rock.

Standard parquet boards and solid wood floorboards differ from each other in only one aspect - the latter do not have special grooves that allow achieving the tightest possible fit of the structural elements to each other.

Otherwise, the technology for their production is the same. They are processed whole pieces wood, which makes the material strong and durable. And also having a natural appearance.

To make floors in a frame house on stilts, you can also use stacked parquet. Its variants can differ in a variety of patterns - from the standard herringbone to exclusive ones. This flooring option is the most expensive. Therefore, it is often used if required interior solution and only in some rooms. For example, in living rooms.

All of the above types of flooring are not used in bathrooms and are rarely used in kitchens, since they require materials that require less maintenance and are not afraid of moisture. Most consumers prefer ceramic tiles for bathrooms and kitchens.

Bearing structures

The construction of floors in a frame house on stilts begins only after the foundation itself has been laid out and its piping has been completed. The strapping allows the structure to become more rigid and stable. Essentially, it keeps her “in place.”

For strapping when creating a pie at home, beams from wooden beam, fastened together with lags. The cross-section of the beam must be at least 10 by 10 cm. In most cases, this value will be quite sufficient. Although, a lot depends on the thickness of the walls, since the strapping is oriented specifically towards it.

The beams are installed on the foundation piles so that the length of one span does not exceed three meters. If it is larger, then additional piles must be installed. Waterproofing made of roofing felt or penofol is placed under the beams. Each beam is connected using pre-cut “locks”, after which nails are driven in.

The connection must take place on piles.

For logs, beams are also used, but thicker ones. Their cross-section should be at least 10 by 25 cm if we are talking about the first floor. To frame the second floor, beams with a section of 7 by 20 cm will be sufficient. The distance between the logs is 50 cm. In some cases, if an increased load on the house is expected, it can be reduced to 40 cm.

Before laying the beams, markings are made on the main frame structure and grooves are cut out in its beams, into which the logs will be laid. They are fastened using dowels, screws or nails.

If the design assumes the presence of a heated concrete floor, then the structure is strengthened with additional jumpers located at a distance of 1.5 m from each other.

Boards with a section of 3 by 3 cm for the subfloor are placed under the joists. Also, after all the work on creating this wooden structure is completed, all elements must be treated with antiseptics and preparations that reduce the flammability of wood. Thanks to this, the floor will not rot, and the danger of fires will be significantly reduced. After all, wooden structures near the ground are especially susceptible to various adverse environmental factors.

Thermal insulation of the first floor and floor

In a frame house, the floor of the first floor must be carefully insulated. Without this, the materials from which it is made will not last long, and the house will require additional heating.

To insulate floors in a frame house on stilts, they use special materials, like polystyrene foam or mineral wool. The second of these materials is considered cheaper and more widespread.

In order to insulate the floor, it is necessary to sheathe the frame beams. The slats are attached to the bottom of the logs, as mentioned above, and on those - plywood or OSB boards. A waterproofing membrane is first laid in the resulting interfloor space. They fasten it with special dowels. And an insulator is placed on top of the film.

The thickness of the insulating material may be lower than for thermal insulation of walls. This is due to the fact that the floor pie is not exposed to winds and precipitation, which so strongly affect the external floors of the structure.

The vapor barrier of the floor plays an important role. It protects it from moisture condensation that comes out from inside the premises. A special film is used for it, which is laid with an overlap of 15 cm. The joints must be glued with construction glue.

The difference between the structural design of the floor of the first and second floors is that there is no need to install any form of insulation other than sound insulation.

Conclusion

The foundation on screw piles is the most common among all types of foundations for frame houses. It is quite reliable and not very expensive. The installation of the floor of an ordinary frame house on screw piles is also quite simple, which requires only strapping, arrangement of the subfloor and insulation. Special attention It is worth paying attention to the choice of material for flooring, vapor and waterproofing.

If you have decided to build a frame country house, then you should pay attention to the design of all elements of the building. The roof, walls (outdoor, indoor), ceilings and floor are made in the form of a “pie”, a multi-layer structure. If all the technology is followed, then we actually get a thermos.

The technological process of arranging each element of the building offers a different sequence and combination of components of a multilayer structure.

So the roof has its own set of layers, and the floor has its own. In this article we will look at the features of the “pie” of the floor of a frame house and installation methods.

Before choosing a floor material, you should decide on the type of foundation.

In most cases, frame houses are built on or on a type foundation. This is primarily due to the fact that the house is not heavy, up to 16 tons. And a pile foundation is the cheapest, as it does not require the use of special construction equipment. Therefore, we will accept that the foundation of our house has a pile appearance.

To ensure reliable insulation, install double layer. Also, instead of timber, you can use boards with a width of 15-25 cm and a thickness of 5-6 cm. The laying technology is the same on the edge.

For attic spaces the subfloor must be strong to withstand the weight of the insulation and an adult. Usually in the attic glass wool (insulation) is left in open form, so the entire load falls on the subfloor of the attic.

To protect everyone wooden structures use processing by special means antiseptics and penetrating compounds. But there are small nuances; it is better to process everything before installation, each element separately.

If the height allows, then the subfloor is filled from below immediately load-bearing beams. As was said above, everything must be treated with protective agents.

The second method is to make secondary guides on top of the log, but this method is not widespread, as it will require additional costs.

In most cases, the foundation is low and cranial bars, which are made of timber measuring 5 x 5 cm. Which are attached to the bottom of the logs or beams using self-tapping screws or nails.

Around this place, it is better to use basalt glass wool, and treat the boards well with a penetrating compound.

And the surface of the finished floor is covered metal sheet or a sheet of asbestos.

Base pile foundation

Since we are using a foundation, there is space between the subfloor and the ground. Many people make the mistake of completely sewing up this space.

Thinking they are reducing heat losses, but in fact, moisture accumulates in this space and has nowhere to go, which leads to an acceleration of the process of wood rotting.

To prevent this from happening, leave on opposite sides ventilation holes, which are decorated with grilles. You should also not close the vents for the winter.

Installation of heated floors in a frame house

Both water heating and electric heating are used.

Let's start with electrical method, since it is often used in the installation of heated floors. Cable floors, infrared and heating mats are used. It is best to trust the specialists.

IN Lately more and more popular water heating wooden floor, since it is much cheaper than electric.

Water heating can be arranged in three ways:

Swedish stove.
Use of heat-reflecting plates.
Use of concrete screed.

Swedish stove - Quite an expensive method of installing heated floors.

It is as follows:

You should wait until the concrete has completely set. We get that the Swedish stove is a full-fledged one. Subsequently, we build a frame house on this slab.

Use of heat-reflecting plates.

Nowadays, many people strive to live in an environmentally friendly way. safe houses. Wood is increasingly being chosen as a construction material. There is nothing surprising. It is easy to process, has a great smell and looks quite impressive. One of the most important elements frame house is the floor.

Quality flooring is the key to success

In addition to aesthetic appeal, a frame house should be comfortable and cozy. These indicators are difficult to achieve if it is cold. Some residents are confident that if they have insulated the walls, then their mission is over. This is a serious misconception. It is also necessary to protect the structure from below. Since the tree is natural material which is susceptible to putrefactive processes, it is important to produce reliable waterproofing. We must not forget about the aesthetic appeal of the floor.

To achieve the above goals, it is not enough to simply lay the boards on the surface. This requires a more advanced design.

Floor Pie

The floor must be: uniform, warm, presentable and reliable. The presence of the listed qualities can guarantee a floor laid in several layers:

Base.
Steam and heat insulation.
Rough floor.
Finish coating.

This design resembles a layer cake. That is why it received such a sonorous name.

Floor installation

The floor is mounted on the floor beams. It must be as strong as possible and extremely light so as not to create additional load on the base of the structure. Here they will be excellent allies exact calculation and clear verification of parameters.

The beams are attached to the foundation. The distance between them is usually about three meters. To create a double floor, logs with a thickness of 5 cm are mounted on top, using a step of 70 cm.

Start installing the rough flooring. Typically used for this unedged board. The rough flooring is covered with a heat- and waterproofing layer, onto which the bars are again mounted. They act as the basis for the finishing layer. Typically, the height of the bars does not exceed 3 cm, which ensures natural circulation air between layers. Now it's time to lay the finishing coat. It is chosen based on personal preferences.

Be sure to insulate the floors as well. Otherwise, over time, mold and mildew may appear. For interfloor ceilings you can do without it. In this case important role Sound insulation is occupied, and responsibility for heat conservation and protection from moisture is assigned to the first floor. For attic floor The floor should also be insulated. This will help level out heat loss through the upper floors.

Wood selection

No less important factor is right choice wood Let's look at the most common types:

Pine. Used if the resin content of the board is low. Pine flooring can give residents a pleasant smell.
Oak. It is considered a very strong and durable material.
Maple. Has increased resistance to moisture. Easy to process.
Larch. Strength of this material can be compared to oak. It has natural protection from insects.

It is imperative to treat the wood with antiseptic compounds that prevent the occurrence of putrefactive processes. You should not neglect the fire retardant, which significantly reduces the flammability of the board.

From the author: We are glad to welcome novice builders who have decided to insulate the floors in their homes with their own hands. This is undoubtedly correct solution, because how well your house retains heat directly determines the utility costs for its maintenance during the cold season. The money you overpay for heating is enough for a natural mink fur coat, two sets of winter tires, or at least several trips to a restaurant. It's a shame, isn't it? Here's your incentive to read the article to the end.

Surely many of you have heard of the term “floor pie on the ground”. What kind of dish is this? Builders call a “pie” a multi-layer structure used to create a warm, reliable and functional floor covering. The layers and technology for laying floor layers with insulation will differ depending on whether the work is carried out in an apartment or a private house, what finishing coating will be used, how things are with humidity and temperature conditions indoors, etc.

Floor installation in private homes is complex process, requiring certain knowledge. Now we will try to tell you in as much detail as possible how to properly make a base for floor insulation in a wooden frame house, and we will share special tricks regarding installation technology. Read, understand, take notes. We are sure that, following our advice, you can easily do this yourself.

Source: http://papamaster.su

Why is layer-by-layer installation of flooring necessary?

The visible part of the floor on which we walk is only the “tip of the iceberg”, below which there are several tens of centimeters of layers of other materials. All this is done in order to properly make the foundation in wooden house and provide your home with a comfortable microclimate. Important parameters for any gender are:

evenness - if the base of the floor is uneven, the floor covering will wear unevenly in different areas;
high sound insulation - the room is more comfortable the less extraneous sounds are heard in it;
wear resistance, which affects the service life of the coating;
ability to retain heat.

Technology of laying layers of flooring

To carry out work on wooden floors, we will need the following materials:

screws and nails;
insulation - slabs of mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam;
vapor barrier membrane;
polyethylene film for vapor barrier;
penoizol or mounting foam;
wooden beam;
aluminum reinforcing tape.

The design of the floor covering on logs is the most popular one used in modern construction. In the first case, when installation is carried out according to wooden beams of the first floor in a high-rise building, or in a wooden frame house, the foundation must be made following the following sequence:

Source: http://stroitel.linpc.ru

the soil under the base is selected to a depth of about half a meter, after which markings are made for the posts, in increments of 60 to 70 centimeters;
the base under the posts must be rigid, so it is filled and compacted, or filled with concrete;
the upper part of the columns is aligned using a level;
fill the thermal insulation layer so that at least 25 cm remains to the top of the columns. Expanded clay is the most popular insulation material for such work; sawdust is also often used for this purpose;
after the solution has completely hardened, the beams are laid;
it is convenient when the supports are placed first around the perimeter, and then in the center of the room;
waterproofing is laid on top of the supports in two layers (polyethylene film, roofing felt or backfill types of waterproofing);
logs are installed. Most often, they are mounted perpendicular to the light from the window opening, in order to then lay the boards along it. First, logs are installed around the perimeter, with a distance from the wall of 2 to 3 centimeters. After this, intermediate ones are set. The logs are mounted on the base without the use of rigid fasteners. To strengthen the structure and give it rigidity, you can connect the logs to each other using wooden jumpers attached to galvanized corners.
For additional insulation bars are nailed to the joists, on which the subfloor (plywood or OSB boards). It is recommended to lay it not too tightly, leaving gaps that will subsequently serve for ventilation;
a layer of waterproofing film is laid, which is usually secured with a construction stapler. All joints are glued using reinforced tape;
insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene foam, penoplex) is laid, on top of which a vapor barrier membrane is fixed;
Using liquid penoizol, the joints between the wall and the film are processed. This is additional protection for the entire structure;
The plank floor covering is being laid.

From this video instruction you will learn how to install different floor coverings in a country house:

Now you know what a screed on wooden beams looks like, and you have become familiar with all the stages of work. But how to do it correctly on the ground? Such a covering can be installed in any home, regardless of the level of underground groundwater, on any foundation. The only exception is a building on stilts. Such a base is simple and reliable, easy to self-execution. There are no basements or gaps for ventilation in the subfloor.

A proper wooden floor screed consists of nine main layers, each of which performs its own function. The thickness of them can vary for each building individually. They all fit in a strictly defined sequence:

a layer of prepared clay, the purpose of which is to stop groundwater, or more precisely, to cut off their capillary rise;
sand is poured in to weaken the capillary rise of water and to relieve the pressure of subsequent layers. You can use sand of any quality, including unwashed quarry sand;
a layer of coarse (with a fraction of 40–60 mm) crushed stone, which also prevents the rise of water. Each of the listed 3 layers must have a height of at least 10 centimeters and must be compacted. It is impossible to change the order of their filling, since in this case deformation and destruction of the entire structure will very quickly occur;
layer polyethylene film, used to prevent laitance from flowing into the lower layers. It is laid in 2 layers with an overlap, all joints and places where it touches the wall are carefully glued;
rough concreting is performed using “lean concrete”, for which fine (with a fraction of 10–12 mm) crushed stone and washed sand are used. Dispersed reinforcement using steel fiber is also carried out. The freshly poured solution must be leveled using corner marks, this will simplify further work on installing the floor;
a waterproofing layer is laid, for which ordinary roofing felt is suitable. In some cases, it is recommended to lay it in two layers, the joints are soldered using a construction hair dryer;
As the next layer (thermal insulation), any insulation is used - polystyrene foam, penoplex. The joints between the insulation boards are also carefully taped to avoid heat loss;
a finishing screed is performed, during which “warm floors” can be installed immediately;
laying flooring, which can be anything the homeowner desires.

This is how the foundation is “prepared” parquet board, laminate, linoleum and other coatings. As we see, there are no particular difficulties in working on correct installation there is no floor with your own hands, and anyone with minimal construction skills can handle them. Well, it's time to get down to business!

Subscribe to our groups on social networks, share information with friends. Be sure to leave a comment below about how useful and interesting this material was. This encourages us to share with you even more unique secrets regarding renovation and construction, so that, with a little effort, you can live in the home of your dreams. Bye everyone, see you again soon!